CN114800938A - Sorting mode of recycled plastics and application thereof - Google Patents
Sorting mode of recycled plastics and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114800938A CN114800938A CN202110506526.7A CN202110506526A CN114800938A CN 114800938 A CN114800938 A CN 114800938A CN 202110506526 A CN202110506526 A CN 202110506526A CN 114800938 A CN114800938 A CN 114800938A
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 189
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 189
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- -1 alkylbenzene sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaine Natural products C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 claims description 3
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 10
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical group [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010793 electronic waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
- B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
- B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
- B03B5/44—Application of particular media therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
- B29B17/0412—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling to large particles, e.g. beads, granules, flakes, slices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
- C11D1/94—Mixtures with anionic, cationic or non-ionic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B2017/001—Pretreating the materials before recovery
- B29B2017/0015—Washing, rinsing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0203—Separating plastics from plastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0217—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0217—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
- B29B2017/0224—Screens, sieves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0217—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
- B29B2017/0237—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference
- B29B2017/0244—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference in liquids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0268—Separation of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
- C11D1/90—Betaines
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种回收塑料的分选方式及其应用，其主要应用于电子废弃物中的回收塑料的分选领域。The invention relates to a sorting method for recycled plastics and its application, which are mainly applied to the sorting field of recycled plastics in electronic waste.
背景技术Background technique
回收塑料是混杂物，不同来源的回收塑料含有的杂质种类和塑料成分是不同的，在一些电子废弃物中不仅含有金属，塑料还含有弹性体，灰尘，砂砾等杂质。电子废弃物中含有许多贵重的金属，可以循环回收再利用，但是也含有部分有毒物质会对环境造成危害。因此如何做好电子废弃物中的金属，塑料的回收分选工作，而不会对环境造成二次污染是一项非常重要的任务。Recycled plastic is a mixture. Different sources of recycled plastic contain different types of impurities and plastic components. In some electronic wastes, not only metals, but plastics also contain impurities such as elastomers, dust, and grit. Electronic waste contains many precious metals, which can be recycled and reused, but also contains some toxic substances that will cause harm to the environment. Therefore, how to do a good job in recycling and sorting of metals and plastics in electronic waste without causing secondary pollution to the environment is a very important task.
目前现有的分选回收塑料的方式有磁力分选法，密度分选法，静电分选法，风力分选法，温差分选法等方式。静电分选法通过静电吸引力之差，将不同电荷的塑料吸引到不同的电极，因为电荷之间的相互影响会造成分离效率不高，分选结果不够准确的问题；风力分选法只能分离密度差异较大的塑料，使用范围较为局限；而温差分选法成本较高，实用性不大。常用的密度分选法使用盐溶液对回收塑料进行分选处理，盐溶液的后续处理难度较大，可能会造成环境的二次污染。因此本发明开发了一种对回收塑料分离效率高，分离效果好的环保型分选方式。At present, the existing methods of sorting and recycling plastics include magnetic sorting method, density sorting method, electrostatic sorting method, wind sorting method, temperature difference sorting method and so on. The electrostatic sorting method attracts plastics with different charges to different electrodes through the difference of electrostatic attraction, because the mutual influence between the charges will cause the problem of low separation efficiency and inaccurate sorting results; the wind sorting method can only For plastics with large differences in separation density, the scope of use is relatively limited; while the temperature difference separation method has high costs and little practicability. The commonly used density sorting method uses salt solution to sort and process recycled plastics. The subsequent treatment of salt solution is difficult and may cause secondary pollution to the environment. Therefore, the present invention develops an environment-friendly sorting method with high separation efficiency and good separation effect for recycled plastics.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为了提高回收塑料的分离效率，提高分离准确度，本发明的第一个方面提供了一种回收塑料的分选方式，包括回收塑料初选，回收塑料粉碎，回收塑料清洗，回收塑料干燥，回收塑料分选，分选塑料收集。In order to improve the separation efficiency and separation accuracy of recycled plastics, a first aspect of the present invention provides a sorting method for recycled plastics, including primary selection of recycled plastics, crushing of recycled plastics, cleaning of recycled plastics, drying of recycled plastics, and recycling of recycled plastics. Plastic sorting, sorting plastic collection.
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述回收塑料初选包括对含金属塑料，含弹性体塑料，含砂石塑料，含织物塑料的分离。As a preferred embodiment, the primary selection of recycled plastics includes the separation of metal-containing plastics, elastomer-containing plastics, sand-gravel-containing plastics, and fabric-containing plastics.
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述回收塑料初选包括回收塑料的分离和回收塑料杂质的拆解。As a preferred embodiment, the primary selection of recycled plastics includes the separation of recycled plastics and the dismantling of recycled plastic impurities.
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述回收塑料粉碎过程中粉碎机的转速为1500-2000rpm，粉碎机的筛网孔径为14mm。As a preferred embodiment, in the process of pulverizing the recycled plastic, the rotational speed of the pulverizer is 1500-2000 rpm, and the aperture of the screen of the pulverizer is 14 mm.
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述回收塑料清洗中使用的清洗剂选自高级脂肪酸金属盐、α-烯烃硫酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐、烷基取代苯酚聚氧乙烯、二羟乙基脂肪酸酰胺、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯硫酸盐、烷基甜菜碱中的一种或几种的组合。As a preferred embodiment, the cleaning agent used in the cleaning of the recycled plastic is selected from higher fatty acid metal salts, α-olefin sulfates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl substituted phenol polyoxyethylene, dihydroxyethyl One or a combination of fatty acid amide, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene sulfate, and alkyl betaine.
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述回收塑料清洗包括顺时针涡流旋转清洗，逆时针涡流旋转清洗，摩擦清洗。As a preferred embodiment, the recycling of plastic cleaning includes clockwise eddy current rotation cleaning, counterclockwise eddy current rotation cleaning, and friction cleaning.
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述回收塑料干燥包括控水干燥，离心干燥，高温干燥。As a preferred embodiment, the recycling of plastic drying includes water-controlled drying, centrifugal drying, and high-temperature drying.
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述高温干燥的温度为60-100℃，干燥时间为10-30min。As a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the high-temperature drying is 60-100° C., and the drying time is 10-30 min.
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述回收塑料分选中的分选介质选自水、乙醇、氯化钙、硝酸钙、硫酸钠、氯化钠溶液中的一种或几种的组合。As a preferred embodiment, the sorting medium in the sorting of recycled plastics is selected from one or a combination of water, ethanol, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, sodium sulfate, and sodium chloride solution.
本发明的第二个方面提供了一种回收塑料的分选方式的应用，其至少可以应用于电冰箱，空调，洗衣机，鼠标，键盘的回收处理中。The second aspect of the present invention provides an application of a sorting method for recycled plastics, which can at least be applied to the recycling of refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, mice, and keyboards.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1)本发明的回收塑料的分选方式，可以依据塑料密度的不同实现不同种类塑料的分离，为之后制造不同等级的再生塑料做好准备。(1) The sorting method of the recycled plastics of the present invention can realize the separation of different types of plastics according to the different density of the plastics, so as to prepare for the manufacture of different grades of recycled plastics later.
(2)本发明的回收塑料的分选方式，使用乙醇与水的混合溶液达到不同的密度等级，混合溶液可以循环再使用，后处理程序安全环保，因此是一种绿色安全的回收塑料分选方式。(2) The sorting method of recycled plastics of the present invention uses a mixed solution of ethanol and water to achieve different density grades, the mixed solution can be recycled and reused, and the post-processing procedure is safe and environmentally friendly, so it is a green and safe recycling plastic sorting Way.
(3)本发明的回收塑料的分选方式，通过优化清洗步骤中清洁剂的使用配方，并且配合独特的清洗工艺可以提高回收塑料的清洁度，为后续步骤的准确分离提供了基础。(3) The sorting method of recycled plastics of the present invention can improve the cleanliness of recycled plastics by optimizing the use formula of cleaning agents in the cleaning step and cooperate with a unique cleaning process, which provides a basis for accurate separation in subsequent steps.
(4)本发明的回收塑料的分选方式，将回收塑料粉碎成体积较均匀的颗粒，减小体积不均造成的分选误差，提高了分选的准确率。(4) The sorting method of the recycled plastics of the present invention pulverizes the recycled plastics into particles with a relatively uniform volume, reduces the sorting error caused by the uneven volume, and improves the sorting accuracy.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了提高回收塑料的分离效率，提高分离准确度，本发明的第一个方面提供了一种回收塑料的分选方式，包括回收塑料初选，回收塑料粉碎，回收塑料清洗，回收塑料干燥，回收塑料分选，分选塑料收集。In order to improve the separation efficiency and separation accuracy of recycled plastics, a first aspect of the present invention provides a sorting method for recycled plastics, including primary selection of recycled plastics, crushing of recycled plastics, cleaning of recycled plastics, drying of recycled plastics, and recycling of recycled plastics. Plastic sorting, sorting plastic collection.
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述回收塑料初选包括对含金属塑料，含弹性体塑料，含砂石塑料，含织物塑料的分离。As a preferred embodiment, the primary selection of recycled plastics includes the separation of metal-containing plastics, elastomer-containing plastics, sand-gravel-containing plastics, and fabric-containing plastics.
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述回收塑料初选包括回收塑料的分离和回收塑料杂质的拆解。As a preferred embodiment, the primary selection of recycled plastics includes the separation of recycled plastics and the dismantling of recycled plastic impurities.
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述回收塑料粉碎过程中粉碎机的转速为1500-2000rpm，粉碎机的筛网孔径为14mm。As a preferred embodiment, in the process of pulverizing the recycled plastic, the rotational speed of the pulverizer is 1500-2000 rpm, and the aperture of the screen of the pulverizer is 14 mm.
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述回收塑料清洗中使用的清洗剂选自高级脂肪酸金属盐、α-烯烃硫酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐、烷基取代苯酚聚氧乙烯、二羟乙基脂肪酸酰胺、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯硫酸盐、烷基甜菜碱中的一种或几种的组合。As a preferred embodiment, the cleaning agent used in the cleaning of the recycled plastic is selected from higher fatty acid metal salts, α-olefin sulfates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl substituted phenol polyoxyethylene, dihydroxyethyl One or a combination of fatty acid amide, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene sulfate, and alkyl betaine.
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述清洁剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基二羟乙基甜菜碱。As a preferred embodiment, the cleaning agent is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and dodecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine.
进一步优选，十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基二羟乙基甜菜碱的重量份之比为1：(2-5)。Further preferably, the weight ratio of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and dodecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine is 1:(2-5).
进一步优选，十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基二羟乙基甜菜碱的重量份之比为1：3.5。Further preferably, the weight ratio of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate to dodecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine is 1:3.5.
回收塑料的表面附着有大量灰尘，油脂，各种助剂，加工剂等污浊物，回收塑料PP和PE等聚烯烃的溶解度参数为8.0左右，而油脂，助剂，加工剂等物质的溶解度参数为7-9，与塑料的溶解度参数接近，因此在塑料表面具有较强的吸附力，因此采用单一的表面活性剂难以将表面的污渍除去，如果在清洗剂的配方中加入碱性物质，增加油脂的乳化作用，同时配合清洗过程中的涡流旋转清洗和摩擦清洗可以大大提高清洗效果。本申请人发现当清洗剂的配方优选为十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基二羟乙基甜菜碱时，清洗效果最佳，尤其是当两者的重量份之比为1：(2-5)时可以达到最佳的清洁度，猜测可能的原因是十二烷基二羟乙基甜菜碱是一种两性离子表面活性剂与十二烷基苯磺酸钠具有良好的配伍作用，并且对酸碱环境稳定，具有良好的抗菌，抗静电性，当浓度在最优范围内时，十二烷基二羟乙基甜菜碱可以优化十二烷基苯磺酸钠的清洁性和起泡性，并且十二烷基二羟乙基甜菜碱的加入可以增加清洗环境的pH值，提高对油脂类污渍的乳化清洁力度，从而减少对后续分选程序的影响，提高分选的准确率。There are a lot of dust, grease, various additives, processing agents and other pollutants attached to the surface of recycled plastics. The solubility parameters of polyolefins such as PP and PE of recycled plastics are about 8.0, while the solubility parameters of grease, additives, processing agents and other substances are It is 7-9, which is close to the solubility parameter of plastic, so it has a strong adsorption force on the surface of plastic. Therefore, it is difficult to remove the stains on the surface with a single surfactant. If an alkaline substance is added to the formula of the cleaning agent, increase the The emulsification of grease, combined with the eddy current rotation cleaning and friction cleaning in the cleaning process, can greatly improve the cleaning effect. The applicant found that when the formulation of the cleaning agent is preferably sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and dodecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine, the cleaning effect is the best, especially when the ratio of the two parts by weight is 1: (2-5), the best cleanliness can be achieved. It is speculated that the possible reason is that dodecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine is a zwitterionic surfactant and has good compatibility with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate It has good antibacterial and antistatic properties, and is stable to acid and alkali environments. When the concentration is within the optimal range, dodecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine can optimize the cleaning performance of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and foaming, and the addition of dodecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine can increase the pH value of the cleaning environment and improve the emulsification and cleaning power of grease stains, thereby reducing the impact on the subsequent sorting procedures and improving the sorting efficiency. Accuracy.
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述回收塑料清洗包括顺时针涡流旋转清洗，逆时针涡流旋转清洗，摩擦清洗。As a preferred embodiment, the recycling of plastic cleaning includes clockwise eddy current rotation cleaning, counterclockwise eddy current rotation cleaning, and friction cleaning.
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述回收塑料干燥包括控水干燥，离心干燥，高温干燥。As a preferred embodiment, the recycling of plastic drying includes water-controlled drying, centrifugal drying, and high-temperature drying.
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述高温干燥的温度为60-100℃，干燥时间为10-30min。As a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the high-temperature drying is 60-100° C., and the drying time is 10-30 min.
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述回收塑料分选中的分选介质选自水、乙醇、氯化钙、硝酸钙、硫酸钠、氯化钠溶液中的一种或几种的组合。As a preferred embodiment, the sorting medium in the sorting of recycled plastics is selected from one or a combination of water, ethanol, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, sodium sulfate, and sodium chloride solution.
作为一种优选的实施方式，分选介质为水和乙醇。As a preferred embodiment, the separation medium is water and ethanol.
进一步优选第一分离区的分离介质为纯水，第二分离区分离介质水和乙醇的体积比为(47.3-52.5)：(47.5-52.7)，第三分离区分离介质水和乙醇的体积比为(38.1-42.6)：(57.4-61.9)。It is further preferred that the separation medium of the first separation zone is pure water, the volume ratio of the separation medium water and ethanol in the second separation zone is (47.3-52.5): (47.5-52.7), and the volume ratio of the separation medium water and ethanol in the third separation zone is (38.1-42.6): (57.4-61.9).
本申请人发现将回收塑料投入第一分离区的纯水中时，密度低的聚乙烯塑料和聚丙烯塑料漂浮在水面上，而密度高的聚氯乙烯和聚苯乙烯会沉在水底，可以实现对密度不同的塑料种类分离；将漂浮在水面上的塑料转入第二分离区水与乙醇的体积比为(47.3-52.5)：(47.5-52.7)，发现低密度聚乙烯塑料和聚丙烯塑料漂浮在液面上，而高密度聚乙烯塑料沉在混合溶液底部；继续将漂浮在液面上的塑料转入第三分离区水与乙醇的体积比为(38.1-42.6)：(57.4-61.9)，发现聚丙烯塑料漂浮在液面上，而低密度聚乙烯塑料沉在混合液底部，实现了不同种类塑料的分离。在第一分离区的底部通入空气，并开启搅拌杆进行搅拌，当搅拌杆的转速为75-95rpm时，聚苯乙烯塑料会在漂浮起来，而聚氯乙烯塑料在分离区的底部，实现了较大密度的回收塑料的分离，猜测可能的原因是聚氯乙烯塑料是亲水性的会沉在分离区底部，而聚苯乙烯塑料是疏水性的会带着通入的空气气泡从混合区的液面上漂浮上来。The applicant found that when the recycled plastics are put into the pure water in the first separation zone, polyethylene plastics and polypropylene plastics with low density float on the water surface, while polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene plastics with high density will sink to the bottom of the water. The separation of plastics with different densities is achieved; the plastics floating on the water surface are transferred to the second separation zone. The volume ratio of water and ethanol is (47.3-52.5): (47.5-52.7), and it is found that low-density polyethylene plastics and polypropylene The plastic floats on the liquid surface, while the high-density polyethylene plastic sinks at the bottom of the mixed solution; continue to transfer the plastic floating on the liquid surface to the third separation zone The volume ratio of water to ethanol is (38.1-42.6): (57.4- 61.9), it was found that the polypropylene plastic floated on the liquid surface, while the low density polyethylene plastic sank at the bottom of the mixed liquid, realizing the separation of different types of plastics. Air is introduced into the bottom of the first separation zone, and the stirring rod is turned on for stirring. When the rotating speed of the stirring rod is 75-95 rpm, the polystyrene plastic will float, and the polyvinyl chloride plastic will be at the bottom of the separation zone. For the separation of higher density recycled plastics, it is speculated that the possible reason is that polyvinyl chloride plastics are hydrophilic and will sink to the bottom of the separation zone, while polystyrene plastics are hydrophobic and will carry air bubbles from the mixture. The liquid surface of the area floated up.
本发明的第二个方面提供了一种回收塑料的分选方式的应用，其至少可以应用于电冰箱，空调，洗衣机，鼠标，键盘的回收处理中。The second aspect of the present invention provides an application of a sorting method for recycled plastics, which can at least be applied to the recycling of refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, mice, and keyboards.
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体描述。有必要在此指出的是，以下实施例只用于对本发明作进一步说明，不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制，该领域的专业技术人员根据上述本发明的内容做出的一些非本质的改进和调整，仍属于本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be specifically described below through examples. It is necessary to point out here that the following examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention, and some non-essential improvements made by those skilled in the art according to the above-mentioned content of the present invention and adjustment, still belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
一种回收塑料的分选方式。将回收塑料放置在带有金属感应的传送带上，含金属塑料会被自动分选进入金属塑料区，而含弹性体塑料，含砂石塑料，含织物塑料会由人工分拣到不同的区域。不同杂质种类的塑料使用不同的拆解方式，将金属，弹性体，砂石，织物等杂质使用剪刀，锤子等不同的工具与塑料分离开来。将分完杂质的回收塑料放入粉碎机中进行粉碎，粉碎机的转速为1700rpm，粉碎机的筛网孔径为14mm，得到粒径小于14mm的回收塑料颗粒。对粉碎后的回收塑料进行清洗，清洗剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基二羟乙基甜菜碱的组合物，重量份之比为1：3.5，开启清洗程序，顺时针涡流旋转清洗与逆时针涡流旋转清洗交替进行，在进行涡流旋转清洗的过程中伴随摩擦清洗，清洗30min后将回收塑料捞出，放置在网中控水干燥10min，放入离心干燥机中离心干燥，再升温至80℃，干燥20min。A sorting method for recycled plastics. The recycled plastics are placed on the conveyor belt with metal induction, and the metal-containing plastics will be automatically sorted into the metal-plastic area, while the elastomer-containing plastics, sand-gravel-containing plastics, and fabric-containing plastics will be manually sorted into different areas. Plastics with different types of impurities use different dismantling methods, and use different tools such as scissors, hammers and other tools to separate metals, elastomers, sand, fabrics and other impurities from plastics. Put the recycled plastics separated from impurities into a pulverizer for pulverization, the rotating speed of the pulverizer is 1700rpm, and the screen aperture of the pulverizer is 14mm to obtain recycled plastic particles with a particle size of less than 14mm. Clean the crushed recycled plastic, the cleaning agent is the composition of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and dodecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine, the weight ratio is 1:3.5, start the cleaning process, clockwise Eddy current rotation cleaning and counterclockwise eddy current rotation cleaning are alternately carried out. During the process of eddy current rotation cleaning, friction cleaning is carried out. After 30 minutes of cleaning, the recycled plastics are taken out, placed in a net for drying under water control for 10 minutes, and then placed in a centrifugal dryer for centrifugal drying. , and then heated to 80 ° C and dried for 20 min.
将干燥后的回收塑料进行分选，首先进入第一分离区，聚乙烯塑料和聚丙烯塑料漂浮在水面上，而聚氯乙烯和聚苯乙烯会沉在水底；再将漂浮在水面上的回收塑料转入第二分离区水与乙醇的体积比为49.8：50.2，低密度聚乙烯塑料和聚丙烯塑料漂浮在液面上，而高密度聚乙烯塑料沉在混合溶液底部；继续将漂浮在液面上的塑料转入第三分离区水与乙醇的体积比为40.3：59.7，聚丙烯塑料漂浮在液面上，而低密度聚乙烯塑料沉在混合液底部。在第一分离区的底部通入空气，并开启搅拌杆进行搅拌，搅拌杆的转速为85rpm，聚苯乙烯塑料漂浮起来，而聚氯乙烯塑料在分离区的底部，实现聚苯乙烯和聚氯乙烯的分选。The dried recycled plastics are sorted and firstly enter the first separation zone, polyethylene plastics and polypropylene plastics float on the water surface, while polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene will sink to the bottom; The volume ratio of water and ethanol transferred to the second separation zone is 49.8:50.2, the low-density polyethylene plastic and polypropylene plastic float on the liquid surface, while the high-density polyethylene plastic sinks at the bottom of the mixed solution; continue to float in the liquid. The plastic on the surface is transferred to the third separation zone with a volume ratio of water to ethanol of 40.3:59.7. The polypropylene plastic floats on the liquid surface, while the low density polyethylene plastic sinks at the bottom of the mixed liquid. Air is introduced into the bottom of the first separation zone, and the stirring rod is turned on for stirring. The rotating speed of the stirring rod is 85 rpm, and the polystyrene plastic floats up, while the polyvinyl chloride plastic is at the bottom of the separation zone. Separation of Ethylene.
最后不同的塑料分别对应进入不同的塑料分选口，将不同种类的塑料分别收集起来，送入不同的再生塑料生产程序。Finally, different plastics enter different plastic sorting ports correspondingly, and different types of plastics are collected and sent to different recycled plastic production procedures.
实施例2Example 2
一种回收塑料的分选方式。将回收塑料放置在带有金属感应的传送带上，含金属塑料会被自动分选进入金属塑料区，而含弹性体塑料，含砂石塑料，含织物塑料会由人工分拣到不同的区域。不同杂质种类的塑料使用不同的拆解方式，将金属，弹性体，砂石，织物等杂质使用剪刀，锤子等不同的工具与塑料分离开来。将分完杂质的回收塑料放入粉碎机中进行粉碎，粉碎机的转速为1500rpm，粉碎机的筛网孔径为14mm，得到粒径小于14mm的回收塑料颗粒。对粉碎后的回收塑料进行清洗，清洗剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基二羟乙基甜菜碱的组合物，重量份之比为1：4.5，开启清洗程序，顺时针涡流旋转清洗与逆时针涡流旋转清洗交替进行，在进行涡流旋转清洗的过程中伴随摩擦清洗，清洗30min后将回收塑料捞出，放置在网中控水干燥10min，放入离心干燥机中离心干燥，再升温至70℃，干燥30min。A sorting method for recycled plastics. The recycled plastics are placed on the conveyor belt with metal induction, and the metal-containing plastics will be automatically sorted into the metal-plastic area, while the elastomer-containing plastics, sand-gravel-containing plastics, and fabric-containing plastics will be manually sorted into different areas. Plastics with different types of impurities use different dismantling methods, and use different tools such as scissors, hammers and other tools to separate metals, elastomers, sand, fabrics and other impurities from plastics. Put the recycled plastics separated from impurities into a pulverizer for pulverization, the rotating speed of the pulverizer is 1500rpm, and the screen aperture of the pulverizer is 14mm, to obtain recycled plastic particles with a particle size of less than 14mm. Clean the crushed recycled plastic, the cleaning agent is the composition of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and dodecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine, the weight ratio is 1:4.5, start the cleaning process, clockwise Eddy current rotation cleaning and counterclockwise eddy current rotation cleaning are alternately carried out. During the process of eddy current rotation cleaning, friction cleaning is carried out. After 30 minutes of cleaning, the recycled plastics are taken out, placed in a net for drying under water control for 10 minutes, and then placed in a centrifugal dryer for centrifugal drying. , and then heated to 70 ° C and dried for 30 min.
将干燥后的回收塑料进行分选，首先进入第一分离区，聚乙烯塑料和聚丙烯塑料漂浮在水面上，而聚氯乙烯和聚苯乙烯会沉在水底；再将漂浮在水面上的回收塑料转入第二分离区水与乙醇的体积比为47.3：52.7，低密度聚乙烯塑料和聚丙烯塑料漂浮在液面上，而高密度聚乙烯塑料沉在混合溶液底部；继续将漂浮在液面上的塑料转入第三分离区水与乙醇的体积比为42.6：57.4，聚丙烯塑料漂浮在液面上，而低密度聚乙烯塑料沉在混合液底部。在第一分离区的底部通入空气，并开启搅拌杆进行搅拌，搅拌杆的转速为80rpm，聚苯乙烯塑料漂浮起来，而聚氯乙烯塑料在分离区的底部，实现聚苯乙烯和聚氯乙烯的分选。The dried recycled plastics are sorted and firstly enter the first separation zone, polyethylene plastics and polypropylene plastics float on the water surface, while polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene will sink to the bottom; The volume ratio of water and ethanol transferred to the second separation zone is 47.3:52.7, the low-density polyethylene plastic and polypropylene plastic float on the liquid surface, while the high-density polyethylene plastic sinks at the bottom of the mixed solution; continue to float in the liquid. The plastic on the surface is transferred to the third separation zone with a volume ratio of water to ethanol of 42.6:57.4. The polypropylene plastic floats on the liquid surface, while the low-density polyethylene plastic sinks at the bottom of the mixed liquid. Air is introduced into the bottom of the first separation zone, and the stirring rod is turned on for stirring. The rotating speed of the stirring rod is 80 rpm. Separation of Ethylene.
最后不同的塑料分别对应进入不同的塑料分选口，将不同种类的塑料分别收集起来，送入不同的再生塑料生产程序。Finally, different plastics enter different plastic sorting ports correspondingly, and different types of plastics are collected and sent to different recycled plastic production procedures.
实施例3Example 3
一种回收塑料的分选方式及其应用。具体步骤同实施例1，不同点在于清洗剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠。A sorting method for recycled plastics and its application. The concrete steps are the same as in Example 1, except that the cleaning agent is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
实施例4Example 4
一种回收塑料的分选方式及其应用。具体步骤同实施例1，不同点在于第二分离区水与乙醇的体积比为40：60。A sorting method for recycled plastics and its application. The specific steps are the same as in Example 1, except that the volume ratio of water to ethanol in the second separation zone is 40:60.
实施例5Example 5
一种回收塑料的分选方式及其应用。具体步骤同实施例1，不同点在于第三分离区水与乙醇的体积比为45：55。A sorting method for recycled plastics and its application. The specific steps are the same as those in Example 1, except that the volume ratio of water and ethanol in the third separation zone is 45:55.
性能测试：Performance Testing:
1.随机选取第三分离区下层分离出的塑料50个采用浸渍法依据GB 1033-86的标准进行测试，计算50个样品中密度为(0.91-0.925)g/cm3范围内的样品数量。1. Randomly select 50 plastics separated from the lower layer of the third separation zone to test by the dipping method according to the standard of GB 1033-86, and calculate the number of samples in the range of (0.91-0.925) g/cm 3 in the density of 50 samples.
将实施例和对比例依据上述标准进行测试，结果见于表1。The examples and comparative examples were tested according to the above-mentioned standards, and the results are shown in Table 1.
表1Table 1
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