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CN114800721B - 一种木材改性剂及使用其的耐磨饰面集成板 - Google Patents

一种木材改性剂及使用其的耐磨饰面集成板 Download PDF

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CN114800721B
CN114800721B CN202210397599.1A CN202210397599A CN114800721B CN 114800721 B CN114800721 B CN 114800721B CN 202210397599 A CN202210397599 A CN 202210397599A CN 114800721 B CN114800721 B CN 114800721B
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coating
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CN114800721A (zh
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采国帅
詹嘉懿
魏任重
黄活阳
毕海明
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Treezo New Meterial Science and Technology Group Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/12—Impregnating by coating the surface of the wood with an impregnating paste
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/15—Impregnating involving polymerisation including use of polymer-containing impregnating agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/04—Combined bleaching or impregnating and drying of wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/04—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B21/06—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/0036—Heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
    • B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
    • B44C5/043—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers containing wooden elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/24—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
    • B32B2037/243—Coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/08—Coating on the layer surface on wood layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/536—Hardness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/554—Wear resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/584—Scratch resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种木材改性剂及使用其的耐磨饰面集成板。本发明首先提供了一种木材改性剂，包括聚乙二醇、树脂填充剂、交联剂及改性剂；之后通过在实木集成板表面涂布一层上述木材改性剂后、再与透明浸胶耐磨纸组坯得到一种耐磨饰面集成板。采用本发明所述木材改性剂的实木集成板，经木材改性剂涂布后，增加实木表面硬度和密度，提高集成材的稳定性，从而避免热压过程集成材边部开裂的问题，后与浸胶耐磨纸通过热压方式结合，使集成材达到既有天然纹理的外观性能，同时具有一定耐磨耐划性能。

Description

一种木材改性剂及使用其的耐磨饰面集成板
技术领域
本发明涉及板材领域，尤其涉及一种木材改性剂及使用其的耐磨饰面集成板。
背景技术
实木集成板是集成材又名指接板、指接材或集成板，实木集成材是指将窄、短的木条采用胶粘剂接长(部分板材工艺是齿型连接)，然后再横向拼宽、上下两面砂光而成的板材。实木集成板因其天然的木材纹理，较少的用胶量，深受市场的喜爱。
现有集成板表面通过透明油漆工艺处理，在保证木材纹理的清晰度同时起到保护木材的作用。漆膜类产品，其耐磨耐划性能较差，在生产、运输、家具裁切组装、客户使用过程易产生划痕，漆膜磨损等问题，导致产品下线率，客户投诉率较高。同时油漆在生产过程气味较大，不符合当下环保理念，油漆成本也高。
CN02276203.5(CN2573604Y)_单纸面耐磨实木地板；该专利中通过将耐磨仿木材花纹装饰纸通过高温高压与实木结合。此方案缺陷在于采用其实木表面花纹非天然的，实际使用中会存在重复图案，不够美观。同时实木直接与浸胶纸热压过程中，木材极易产生边部开裂显现，下线率高。
发明内容
针对现有技术中耐磨纸直接热压饰面板边易开裂的问题，本发明提供了一种木材改性剂及使用其的耐磨饰面集成板，通过在集成板表面涂布一层具有高硬度和高密度的木材改性剂得到所述耐磨饰面集成板。
本发明提供了一种木材改性剂，包括下述按质量份混合均匀的各组分：
所述树脂填充剂为酚醛树脂或环氧树脂。
所述交联剂选自十二烷基苯磺酸、苯磺酰氯、三氟化硼中任意一种。
所述改性剂A为碱金属硅酸盐或碱土金属碳酸盐，优选硅酸钠或碳酸钙。
本发明采用的树脂填充剂与聚乙二醇材料为透明的。
本发明提供了一种使用上述木材改性剂的耐磨饰面集成板，其结构从下至上依次包括基材、热压防裂涂层以及耐磨层；
所述热压防裂涂层由上述木材改性剂在基材表面涂布得到，其涂布量为80-150g/m2；
所述基材为实木集成板，通常为市场常见流通木材，如：杉木、橡胶木、松木、栎木、红橡、水曲柳等；优选含水率为8-14％的木材；
所述耐磨层为透明浸胶耐磨纸，为透明状态；所述透明浸胶耐磨纸为在透明浸胶纸表面喷涂三氧化二铝粉末后经加热半固化后成型的饰面材料，该透明浸胶纸采用通过三聚氰胺改性脲醛胶浸渍后的透明表层纸。
本发明所述耐磨饰面集成板的制备工艺，其工艺流程包括：
准备作为基材的实木集成板→涂布木材改性剂→热压防裂涂层固化养生→120-480目砂光→透明浸胶耐磨纸与基材组坯→热压→养生成型。
具体地，所述耐磨纸饰面集成板的制备工艺步骤如下：
(1)首先准备实木集成板作为基材；
(2)采用辊涂法在基材表面涂布上述木材改性剂，形成热压防裂涂层；
(3)涂层涂布后将上述结构置于烘箱中养生一段时间，后再置于室温中养生24小时；
所述烘箱常见温度为60-80℃，主要起加速固化作用；
(4)之后经120-480目砂光至表面平整后与透明浸胶耐磨纸组坯；
(5)组坯后进入热压机热压，热压参数为：热压温度为130-190℃，热压时间为30-300s，压力为1-5MPa；
(6)热压后养生成型，得到本发明所述耐磨饰面集成板。
本发明通过透明的经过三氧化二铝粉末喷涂的浸胶纸，通过热压方式饰面集成板，表面呈现天然木材纹理，相对于市场现有占比最大的油漆饰面产品，其表面具有极高的耐磨耐划性能。
通过本发明中涂层涂布集成材表面，涂层组分渗透填充木材管孔，置换管孔内的空气，同时该涂层也能置换出木材细胞内的水分，使集成材表面密度增大，提高力学性能，保证在高温高压下的稳定性，从而避免在热压过程中的开裂问题。该涂层组分中采用的改性剂A主要改善木材表面硬度，树脂改善木材密度，而交联剂使得树脂、聚乙二醇与木材粘结更紧密。
本发明的有益效果在于：
采用本发明所述的木材改性剂设计一种表面涂布热压防裂涂层的实木集成板，经所述木材改性剂涂布后，增加实木表面硬度和密度，提高集成材的稳定性，从而避免热压过程集成材边部开裂的问题，后与浸胶耐磨纸通过热压方式结合，使集成材达到既有天然纹理的外观性能，同时具有一定耐磨耐划性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述耐磨饰面集成板的结构。
图2为采用橡胶木作为基材通过本发明所述工艺制备的耐磨饰面集成板表面形貌图。
图3为对比例2制备的集成板热压后形貌图。
图4为本发明实施例1制备的耐磨饰面集成板热压后形貌图。
图1中各标注为：1、浸胶耐磨纸，2、热压防裂涂层，3、实木集成板。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
(一)木材改性剂的制备
制备例1～4：
表1制备例1～4级对比例3～6得到的木材改性剂各组分
制备例 聚乙二醇 树脂填充剂 交联剂 改性剂A
制备例1 100份 60份酚醛树脂 1份十二烷基苯磺酸 8份硅酸钠
制备例2 100份 80份酚醛树脂 2份苯磺酰氯 10份碳酸钙
制备例3 100份 40份环氧树脂 6份三氟化硼 3份硅酸钠
制备例4 100份 50份环氧树脂 10份三氟化硼 1份碳酸钙
(二)耐磨饰面集成板的制备
实施例1：
选用含水率为8-14％的橡胶木集成材作为基材，涂布制备例1配方木材改性剂，涂布量为80g/平米，涂布后置于80℃烘箱养生6小时，后至于室温养生24小时；经480目砂光至表面平整后与45g耐磨纸组坯，组坯后进入热压机热压，热压参数为(时间：180s；压力2MPa；温度135℃)；热压后养生成型。
实施例2：
选用含水率为8-14％的橡胶木集成材作为基材，涂布制备例2配方木材改性剂，涂布量为120g/平方米，涂布后置于80℃烘箱养生6小时，后至于室温养生24小时；经480目砂光至表面平整后与45g耐磨纸组坯，组坯后进入热压机热压，热压参数为(时间：220s；压力1.5MPa；温度140℃)；热压后养生成型。
实施例3：
选用含水率为8-14％的杉木集成材作为基材，涂布制备例3配方木材改性剂，涂布量为100g/平方米，涂布后置于80℃烘箱养生8小时，后置于室温养生24小时；经180目砂光至表面平整后与45g耐磨纸组坯，组坯后进入热压机热压，热压参数为(时间：300s；压力1.0MPa；温度130℃)；热压后养生成型。
实施例4：
选用含水率为8-14％的红橡集成材作为基材，涂布制备例4配方木材改性剂，涂布量为150g/平方米，置于60℃烘箱养生8小时，后置于室温养生24小时；经120目砂光至表面平整后与45g耐磨纸组坯，组坯后进入热压机热压，热压参数为(时间：30s；压力5MPa；温度190℃)；热压后养生成型。
对比例1
市场用量最大的油漆饰面集成板，选用与实施例1中同批次的橡胶木作为实木集成材基材，采用三底两面滚涂油漆工艺涂覆市面常规的饰面油漆，涂布量为80g/平米。
对比例2
选用含水率为8-14％的橡胶木集成材作为基材，置于80℃烘箱养生6小时，后至于室温养生24小时；经480目砂光至表面平整后与45g耐磨纸组坯，组坯后进入热压机热压，热压参数为(时间：220s；压力1.5MPa；温度140℃)；热压后养生成型。
对比例3
选用含水率为8-14％的橡胶木集成材作为基材，涂布与制备例1配方相比无聚乙二醇的木材改性剂，涂布量为80g/平米，涂布后置于80℃烘箱养生6小时，后至于室温养生24小时；经480目砂光至表面平整后与45g耐磨纸组坯，组坯后进入热压机热压，热压参数为(时间：180s；压力2MPa；温度135℃)；热压后养生成型。
对比例4
选用含水率为8-14％的橡胶木集成材作为基材，涂布与制备例1配方相比无树脂填充剂的木材改性剂，涂布量为80g/平米，涂布后置于80℃烘箱养生6小时，后至于室温养生24小时；经480目砂光至表面平整后与45g耐磨纸组坯，组坯后进入热压机热压，热压参数为(时间：180s；压力2MPa；温度135℃)；热压后养生成型。
对比例5
选用含水率为8-14％的橡胶木集成材作为基材，涂布与制备例1配方相比无交联剂的木材改性剂，涂布量为80g/平米，涂布后置于80℃烘箱养生6小时，后至于室温养生24小时；经480目砂光至表面平整后与45g耐磨纸组坯，组坯后进入热压机热压，热压参数为(时间：180s；压力2MPa；温度135℃)；热压后养生成型。
对比例6
选用含水率为8-14％的橡胶木集成材作为基材，涂布与制备例1配方相比无改性剂A的木材改性剂，涂布量为80g/平米，涂布后置于80℃烘箱养生6小时，后至于室温养生24小时；经480目砂光至表面平整后与45g耐磨纸组坯，组坯后进入热压机热压，热压参数为(时间：180s；压力2MPa；温度135℃)；热压后养生成型。
性能测试：
(一)表面形貌观察
经本发明制备工艺对实木集成板进行饰面后得到的耐磨纸饰面集成板(图2所示采用橡胶木作为基材)，其表面具体木材天然美观的纹理。
(二)耐磨耐划性能测试
对各实施例及对比例中的集成板进行耐磨耐划性能测试，其结果见表2所示。
表2各实施例及对比例的耐磨耐划性能测试
由表2中数据可以发现，以实施例1制得的集成板作为样品进行耐磨耐划性能测试，发现本发明制备产品其耐磨耐划伤性能优越，在于本发明集成板结构中包含耐磨层，其耐磨耐划性能与耐磨层相关。
(三)热压开裂现象(实施例1和对比例2)
对比例2制备的集成板热压效果为图3所示，以本发明实施例1制备的集成板为例，其热压效果为图4所示，可以发现，图3集成板边部开裂严重，而图4中集成板边部无开裂。本发明其他实施例制备的耐磨饰面集成板其热压效果与图4相同。
对比例3中木材改性剂无聚乙二醇，导致木材改性剂涂覆形成的涂层无法渗透基材，导致最终无法形成正常的实木集成板。
对比例4中木材改性剂无树脂填充剂，导致木材改性剂涂覆形成的涂层无法置换出集成板内水分，因此无法保证集成板在高温高压下的稳定性。
对比例5中木材改性剂无交联剂，导致树脂、聚乙二醇与木材无法紧密粘结。
对比例6中木材改性剂无改性剂A，影响实木表面硬度，导致其容易开裂。

Claims (6)

1.一种耐磨饰面集成板，其特征在于，其结构从下至上依次包括基材、热压防裂涂层以及耐磨层；
所述热压防裂涂层由木材改性剂在基材表面涂布得到，其涂布量为80-150g/㎡；
所述基材为实木集成板；
所述耐磨层为透明浸胶耐磨纸，为透明状态；
所述木材改性剂包括下述按质量份混合均匀的各组分：
所述改性剂A为碱金属硅酸盐或碱土金属碳酸盐；
所述树脂填充剂为酚醛树脂或环氧树脂；
所述树脂填充剂与聚乙二醇材料为透明的；
所述耐磨饰面集成板的制备工艺流程包括：
准备作为基材的实木集成板→涂布木材改性剂→热压防裂涂层固化养生→120-480目砂光→透明浸胶耐磨纸与基材组坯→热压→养生成型。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐磨饰面集成板，其特征在于，所述交联剂选自十二烷基苯磺酸、苯磺酰氯、三氟化硼中任意一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐磨饰面集成板，其特征在于，所述改性剂A为硅酸钠或碳酸钙。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐磨饰面集成板，其特征在于，所述透明浸胶耐磨纸为在透明浸胶纸表面喷涂三氧化二铝粉末后经加热半固化后成型的饰面材料，该透明浸胶纸采用通过三聚氰胺改性脲醛胶浸渍后的透明表层纸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐磨饰面集成板，其特征在于，所述木材含水率为8-14％，选自杉木、橡胶木、松木、红橡、栎木及水曲柳中任意一种。
6.权利要求1至5任一项所述的一种耐磨饰面集成板的制备工艺，其特征在于，其具体制备工艺步骤如下：
(1)首先准备实木集成板作为基材；
(2)采用辊涂法在基材表面涂布上述木材改性剂，形成热压防裂涂层；
(3)涂层涂布后将上述结构置于烘箱中养生一段时间，后再置于室温中养生24小时；所述烘箱温度为60-80℃；
(4)之后经120-480目砂光至表面平整后与透明浸胶耐磨纸组坯；
(5)组坯后进入热压机热压，热压参数为：热压温度为130-190℃，热压时间为30-300s，压力为1-5MPa；
(6)热压后养生成型，得到所述耐磨饰面集成板。
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