CN114790751B - A "fruit and mud" composite ecological slope protection structure and its construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a "fruit and mud" composite ecological slope protection structure and a construction method thereof. The structure includes a plurality of anchor rods buried in the slope, a steel mesh laid along the slope surface and fixed to the anchor rods. A plurality of pads are placed between the steel mesh to support the steel mesh; the slope surface is covered with a first cement-soil protective layer and a second cement-soil protective layer in sequence; the cement-soil sprayed by the first cement-soil protective layer By adding biological fertilizer fermentation agent, the rotten fruit is sprayed after the cement and soil is sprayed, and is embedded in the first cement and soil protective layer; the cement and soil sprayed in the second cement and soil protective layer are mixed with seeds and biological substrates. After the first spray of cement and soil, the fruit that is about to rot is sprayed. The perishable fruit and biofertilizer are used to form connected pores for plant growth and water storage. At the same time, the second layer of cement and soil is embedded into the pores formed by the rot of the fruit. And provide a certain bite force for the second layer of cement and soil. It plays the role of reinforcing high and steep slopes.

Description

A "fruit and mud" composite ecological slope protection structure and its construction method

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of high and steep slope protection, and specifically relates to a "fruit and mud" composite ecological slope protection structure and its construction method.

Background technique

With the continuous development of our country's economy, the scale of domestic energy projects, transportation projects, mining projects, and water conservancy projects has also expanded rapidly. During the construction process of major mines, tunnels, and dams, high and steep slopes will be formed. The slope slope is generally 45-90 degrees. The shortcomings of high and steep slopes, such as large slopes and poor conditions, can easily lead to water and soil erosion and are no longer suitable for the growth of vegetation. The slope surface is not covered by vegetation and is covered with rock debris. After rainfall, It is easy to cause natural disasters such as landslides, and in serious cases may even affect people's lives and property safety.

At present, the methods used to control high and steep slopes at home and abroad mostly use guest soil spraying, plant growth blanket, vegetation concrete technology, etc. However, these technologies themselves have some shortcomings. For example, although soil spraying can form a certain thickness of porous and stable soil structure that is resistant to rain and wind erosion, is firm and breathable, and is similar to or better than natural topsoil, the slope of high and steep slopes is generally 45-90 degrees. The slope is large, and the sprayed surface layer will be washed away under heavy rainfall, and the treatment time is short; by applying plant growth blankets to provide a suitable environment for plant growth, thereby breaking through the bottleneck of difficult plant growth on high and steep slopes (a kind of slope vegetation) Restoring the structure and applying it to the high, steep and inferior slope transformation method. Application number: 202010319529.5). Although this condition is suitable for the growth of plants, the firmness between the applied plant growth blanket and the high and steep slope is very poor, and the slope body The strength and durability do not meet the slope protection requirements. At the same time, the water retention of the slope itself and the influence of rainfall and other factors are not taken into account. Under rainfall conditions, rainwater will cause erosion on the slope and damage the slope surface. At the same time, rainfall infiltration will cause damage to the slope. The softening effect of the slope reduces the strength of the soil and causes the slope to collapse; using concrete as a cementing agent can improve the firmness of the slope and enhance the water retention of the slope (vegetation concrete slope protection greening system for high and steep slopes .Application number: 201720386815.7), but the nature of concrete can easily cause soil compaction, and the surface of concrete is not suitable for plant growth. As a result, there is not enough air and moisture in the concrete substrate for the necessary conditions for plant growth, causing plant seeds to The germination and survival rates in concrete substrates are low. Overall, the effectiveness of previous ecological slope protection management methods and measures needs to be further improved.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art that high and steep slopes are prone to landslides under rainwater erosion, the ecological management effect of high and steep slopes is poor, and the treatment time is short, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a "fruit and mud" composite The ecological slope protection structure is formed by anchor rods, steel mesh, wooden pile retaining plates, perishable fruits and cement and soil protective layers. At the same time, it is combined with the green slopes of tenacious bermudagrass and other plants to increase the protection of high and steep slopes. The bonding stress and soil-fixing strength on the slope can strengthen the high and steep slopes and effectively improve the ecological environment.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a construction method of a "fruit and mud" composite ecological slope protection structure, which has a simple structure and is convenient for construction. At the same time, it reduces the cost of the project, has fewer processes, a shorter construction period, and does not require prefabricated components for construction. , the processing time is short, and the maintenance interval between the first layer of cement soil and the second layer of cement soil only takes seven days, which is very cost-effective.

In order to achieve the above objects, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

A "fruit and mud" composite ecological slope protection structure, including multiple anchor rods buried in the slope, a steel mesh laid along the slope surface and fixed to the anchor rods, and multiple anchor rods placed between the slope surface and the steel mesh. Pads are used to support the steel mesh;

The slope surface is covered with a first cement-soil protective layer and a second cement-soil protective layer in sequence, and the anchor rod extends out of the slope and passes through the second cement-soil protective layer; wherein:

The cement and soil sprayed by the first cement and soil protective layer are mixed with biofertilizer starter, that is, the rotten fruit is sprayed after the cement and soil is sprayed, and embedded in the first cement and soil protective layer;

The cement and soil sprayed by the second cement and soil protective layer are mixed with seeds and biological substrates.

Optionally, the steel mesh is buried in the first protective layer of cement and soil, and the second protective layer of cement and soil is covered with the first protective layer of cement and soil. In front of the first protective layer of cement and soil, a wooden pile retaining board is erected on the slope and straw is laid, and the wooden pile retaining board is Embed the first cement-soil protective layer perpendicularly to the slope. After the second cement-soil protective layer is cured and formed, remove the wood pile retaining board. After removing the wood pile retaining board, a cavity will be formed. Add the first cement-soil protection layer sequentially into the cavity. Layer, fruit, straw and second cement-soil protective layer should be the same as the slope protection structure around the cavity.

Optionally, the aggregate used in the first cement-soil protective layer is: a mixture of clay, cement, biological fertilizer fermentation agent, cement early strength agent, and cement waterproofing agent, wherein clay accounts for the weight of the aggregate of the first cement-soil protective layer. 71%-74% of the aggregate weight of the first cement-soil protective layer, cement accounts for 20%-23% of the aggregate weight of the first cement-soil protective layer, biological fertilizer starter accounts for 2%-4% of the aggregate weight of the first cement-soil protective layer, early strength of cement The agent accounts for 1% of the weight of the aggregate of the first cement-soil protective layer, and the cement waterproofing agent accounts for 2% of the weight of the aggregate of the first cement-soil protective layer; the water-to-material weight ratio of the first cement-soil protective layer grouting is 1.3:1.

Further, the cement is ordinary Portland cement, such as P.O42.5.

Further, the biological bacterial fertilizer starter is Youjikang organic fertilizer starter.

Furthermore, the fruit is a fruit that is about to rot, and the fruit may be a fruit that has a long corrosion cycle, such as pears, mangoes, etc. that are about to rot.

Furthermore, the cement early strength agent is a chloride salt early strength agent, and the cement waterproofing agent is an organic silicone waterproofing agent.

Further, the number of fruits embedded in the first cement-soil protective layer is 50-60 fruits/m ³ , preferably 50 fruits/m ³ .

Optionally, the aggregate used in the second cement-soil protective layer is: a mixture of clay, cement, fertilizer, plant seeds, cement early strength agent, and cement waterproofing agent, wherein clay accounts for 10% of the weight of the aggregate in the second cement-soil protective layer. 92%-94%, cement accounts for 2%-4% of the weight of the second cement-soil protective layer aggregate, fertilizer accounts for 1%-3% of the second cement-soil protective layer aggregate weight, and cement early strength agent accounts for the second cement The cement waterproofing agent accounts for 0.5% of the aggregate weight of the second cement-soil protective layer, and the water-to-material weight ratio of the second cement-soil protective layer grouting is 1.5:1.

Further, the cement is ordinary Portland cement, such as P.O42.5.

Further, the fertilizer is a vegetation concrete greening additive (A-B bacteria).

Further, the plant seeds are bermudagrass, magnolia, ryegrass, etc., preferably bermudagrass.

Furthermore, the cement early strength agent is a chloride salt early strength agent, and the cement waterproofing agent is an organic silicone waterproofing agent.

Further, the plant seeds used in the second cement-soil protective layer are 200g/m ³ (200g of seeds are added per cubic meter of slurry).

Further, the thickness of the first protective layer of cement and soil is 4-6cm, the thickness of the second protective layer of cement and soil is 4-6cm, the height of the pad is 2-3cm, the anchor rod extends out of the slope 20-25cm, and the straw Thickness is 2-4cm.

Further, the distance between anchor rods is 3m-3.5m, and the distance between wooden pile retaining plates is 3m-3.5m.

Further, the outer surface of the selected wooden pile retaining plate is coated with lubricating oil.

Furthermore, the steel mesh used is coated with anti-corrosion material, and the mesh spacing is 30×30cm.

Furthermore, the selected cement and soil operation method is wet spraying.

From the above, the pores of rotten fruits provide nutrients and enhance the water retention of the slope. The combination of vegetation and cement-soil protective layer improves the strength of high and steep slopes and prevents rainwater erosion. Exposed slopes without vegetation will lead to landslide collapse, etc. In the event of an accident, vegetation takes root, sprouts, spreads and grows in the protective layer, achieving the purpose of ecological slope protection and solving the problems of poor ecological management effect and short timeliness of high and steep slopes.

The invention sprays cement soil with different cement content twice, and adds rotten fruits after the first cement soil spraying, and forms an ecological slope protection structure network with anchor rods and steel mesh. For the first time, the high-content cement soil is mixed with biological fertilizer starter. The high-content cement soil forms a strong connection with the high and steep slopes, and together with the steel mesh and anchor rods, it maintains the long-term mechanical stability of the high and steep slopes. Subsequent spraying Fruits that are about to rot will form interconnected pores after rotting in the cement soil, providing growth space and nutrients for vegetation while storing water; before the second spraying, erect wooden pile retaining boards and lay a layer of straw on the slope to prevent Secondary spray-seeded cement-soil landslide. The cement content of the secondary spraying is very low and mixed with seeds and biological substrates. Since the first layer of high-content cement and soil is firmly connected to the slope, the cement and soil content of the secondary spraying can be further reduced, which is beneficial to vegetation growth and storage. water and maintain long-term ecological stability. The combination of two sprayings achieved the purpose of effectively maintaining the mechanical stability and plant growth stability of high and steep slopes. The invention only sprays the fruit after the first spray of cement and soil to form a "fruit and mud" mixture. After the fruit rots, it can form a good channel and provide a good growth environment for the seeds in the upper layer of cement and soil. At the same time, the second layer of cement The soil fits into the pores formed by fruit decay and provides a certain bite force for the second layer of cement and soil to prevent landslides.

Correspondingly, the present invention also claims a construction method for the aforementioned "fruit and mud" composite ecological slope protection structure, which includes the following steps:

S1: Clear obstacles on high and steep slopes and clear loose and dangerous rock masses;

S2: Position and set out the line and measure the slope slope, determine the location of the anchor holes and the spacing between horizontal holes, drill holes, and place the anchor rods. After the holes are formed, install the anchor rod bodies and grouting pipes and perform anti-corrosion treatment. Pay attention to the anchor rods extending out. The slope body is 20-25cm, and then the hole is cleared and grouted. After the anchor rod is stable, the slope surface is cleaned;

S3: Place pads on the slope and lay a steel mesh from top to bottom. The steel mesh is fixed by multiple buried anchor rods;

S4: After the laying of the steel mesh is completed, weigh the aggregate used in the first cement-soil protective layer according to the proportion, and mix it evenly with water in proportion to form a muddy cement-soil. After the preparations for the wet spray machine are completed, mix well The cement and soil are loaded into the wet spraying machine and sprayed perpendicular to the slope surface so that the cement and soil are sprayed evenly on the slope, and then a concrete spraying machine with a customized large-diameter nozzle is used (the diameter of the ordinary nozzle is smaller than that of some fruits) diameter, the construction uses a customized large-diameter nozzle) to spray the fruit directly above the slope surface, so that the fruit can be inserted straight into the cement and soil to form the first cement and soil protective layer;

S5: After the first cement-soil protective layer has been cured for 3-5 days and 80%-90% of the fruit has rotted, embed the wood pile retaining board perpendicular to the slope from top to bottom into the first cement-soil protective layer and lay it Straw, weigh the aggregate used in the second cement-soil protective layer according to the proportion, and mix it evenly with water in proportion to form a muddy cement-soil. Use a wet spray machine to spray the cement-soil onto the slope surface to form the second cement-soil protective layer. ;

S6: After the second protective layer of cement and soil has been cured for 7-10 days, remove the wooden pile retaining board. After removing the wooden pile retaining board, a cavity will be formed. Add the first protective layer of cement and soil, fruits, straw and the second The protective layer of cement and soil should be the same as the slope protection structure around the cavity;

S7: Cover the second cement-soil protective layer with non-woven fabric for sprinkling and curing. After 7-10 days, uncover the non-woven fabric to complete the construction of the ecological slope protection structure.

The selected cement and soil operation method is wet spraying.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention at least has the following advantages:

The invention is an ecological slope protection management structure. In the invention, cement and soil with different cement contents are sprayed twice, and fruits that are about to rot are added after the first cement and soil spraying, and the ecological slope protection structure network is formed together with anchor rods and steel mesh. . For the first time, the high-content cement soil is mixed with biological fertilizer starter. The high-content cement soil forms a strong connection with the high and steep slopes, and together with the steel mesh and anchor rods, it maintains the long-term mechanical stability of the high and steep slopes. Subsequent spraying For fruits that are about to rot, use perishable fruits and biofertilizer starter to form chimeric connected pores to provide plant growth space and nutrients while storing water; before secondary spraying, erect wooden pile retaining boards on the slope and lay a layer of them. Straw to prevent cement and soil landslides caused by secondary spraying. The cement content of the secondary spraying is very low and mixed with seeds and biological substrates. Since the first layer of high-content cement and soil is firmly connected to the slope, the cement and soil content of the secondary spraying can be further reduced, which is beneficial to vegetation growth and storage. water and maintain long-term ecological stability. The secondary injection achieves the purpose of effectively maintaining the mechanical stability of high and steep slopes and the stable growth of plants. The invention only sprays the fruit after the first spray of cement and soil to form a "fruit and mud" mixture. After the fruit rots, it can form a good channel and provide a good growth environment for the seeds in the upper layer of cement and soil. At the same time, the second layer of cement The soil fits into the pores formed by fruit decay and provides a certain bite force for the second layer of cement and soil to prevent landslides.

The invention uses vertical spraying to allow the fruit to fall freely and insert it vertically into the slope surface. Firstly, it ensures that the fruit is directly embedded in the cement soil without slipping during spraying. Secondly, the fruit rots to form holes, and the second layer of cement The soil can form a bite force with the first layer to prevent landslides.

In the present invention, bermudagrass seeds and the like are only added to the cement and soil sprayed for the second time, and the plants reproduce quickly and grow well in this environment. Its rhizomes have strong spreading ability. While the plants grow smoothly, they can also ensure good adhesion between the plants and high and steep slopes, achieving the desired effect of ecological slope protection.

The bermudagrass selected in the present invention has the characteristics of strong adaptability and strong rhizome spreading ability. It can be used as a good soil-fixing plant and can successfully solve the problem of loose soil that is easy to collapse and be easily washed away by rain.

The present invention uses a wet spraying method to construct cement and soil. The cost of this construction process is relatively low, which greatly improves the safety of construction (the first layer of cement and soil has high strength and can prevent landslides in ecological slope protection). It is more convenient, improves construction quality and efficiency, and effectively solves the problem of difficult construction of spray sowing technology on high and steep slopes.

The present invention uses a customized large-diameter concrete spraying machine (that is, the sky pump and ground pump for spraying concrete are replaced with self-made large-diameter spray hoses according to actual construction requirements, and the large-diameter spray hose pipe mouth is connected and reinforced with bolts) to carry out fruit spraying. Construction, this construction technology can solve the shortcomings of the small diameter of traditional concrete jet machines, improve construction efficiency, and can also be widely used in other constructions with the same needs.

The present invention uses wooden pile retaining boards to assist construction, and this construction technology can effectively solve the landslide of cement and soil caused by secondary spraying and wet spraying.

The method of the present invention uses less cement for the second time, reduces the cost of the project, has fewer process steps, shorter construction period, and higher cost performance.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the composite ecological slope protection structure provided by the present invention;

Figure 2 is a detailed structural schematic diagram of the composite ecological slope protection structure provided by the present invention.

in:

1-Reinforced mesh; 2-First protective layer of cement and soil; 3-Rotten fruit; 4-Anchor; 5-Slope; 6-Second protective layer of cement and soil; 7-Wood pile retaining board; 8-Cushion Block; 9-straw.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples. It should be understood that the following text is only used to describe a factory roof waterproof structure or several specific embodiments of the present invention to prevent vapor intrusion, and does not strictly limit the scope of protection specifically requested by the present invention.

A "fruit and mud" composite ecological slope protection structure, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, includes multiple anchor rods 4 buried in the slope, and a steel mesh 1 laid along the side slope 5 and fixed to the anchor rods. , multiple pads 8 are placed between the slope surface and the steel mesh 1 to support the steel mesh 1;

The slope surface of the side slope 5 is covered with a first cement-soil protective layer 2 and a second cement-soil protective layer 6 in sequence, and the anchor rod 4 extends out of the slope and passes through the second cement-soil protective layer 6; wherein:

The cement and soil sprayed by the first cement and soil protective layer 2 are mixed with biological fertilizer starter, that is, the rotten fruit 3 is sprayed after the cement and soil is sprayed, and embedded in the first cement and soil protective layer 2;

The cement and soil sprayed by the second cement and soil protective layer 6 are mixed with seeds and biological substrates.

Optionally, the steel mesh 1 is embedded in the first cement-soil protective layer 2, and the second cement-soil protective layer 6 covers the first cement-soil protective layer 2. In front of the first cement-soil protective layer 2, wooden pile retaining boards 7 are erected on the slope and straw 9 is laid. , the wooden pile retaining board 7 is embedded in the first cement-soil protective layer 2 perpendicular to the slope surface. After the second cement-soil protective layer 6 is cured and formed, the wooden pile retaining board 7 is removed. After the wooden pile retaining board 7 is removed, a cavity is formed. , add the first cement-soil protective layer 2, fruit 3, straw 9 and the second cement-soil protective layer 6 into the cavity in order to make it the same as the slope protection structure around the cavity.

In the present invention, the aggregate used in the first cement-soil protective layer is: a mixture of clay, cement, biological fertilizer fermentation agent, cement early strength agent, and cement waterproofing agent, wherein clay accounts for the weight of the aggregate of the first cement-soil protective layer. 71%-74% of the aggregate weight of the first cement-soil protective layer, cement accounts for 20%-23% of the aggregate weight of the first cement-soil protective layer, biological fertilizer starter accounts for 2%-4% of the aggregate weight of the first cement-soil protective layer, early strength of cement The agent accounts for 1% of the weight of the aggregate of the first cement-soil protective layer, the cement waterproofing agent accounts for 2% of the weight of the aggregate of the first cement-soil protective layer, and the water-to-material weight ratio of the first cement-soil protective layer grouting is 1.3:1.

In the present invention: the aggregate used in the second cement-soil protective layer is: a mixture composed of clay, cement, fertilizer, plant seeds, cement early strength agent, and cement waterproofing agent, wherein clay accounts for 10% of the weight of the aggregate in the second cement-soil protective layer. 92%-94%, cement accounts for 2%-4% of the weight of the second cement-soil protective layer aggregate, fertilizer accounts for 1%-3% of the second cement-soil protective layer aggregate weight, and cement early strength agent accounts for the second cement The cement waterproofing agent accounts for 0.5% of the aggregate weight of the second cement-soil protective layer, and the water-to-material weight ratio of the second cement-soil protective layer grouting is 1.5:1.

Among them: cement is ordinary Portland cement, such as P.O42.5;

The biological bacterial fertilizer starter is Youjikang organic fertilizer starter;

The fruit is about to rot. The fruit can be about to rot, such as pears, mangoes and other fruits with a long corrosion period;

The number of fruits embedded in the first cement-soil protective layer is 50-60 fruits/m ³ , preferably 50 fruits/m ³ ;

The fertilizer is vegetation concrete greening additive (A-B bacteria);

Plant seeds include bermudagrass, magnolia, ryegrass, etc., preferably bermudagrass;

The cement early-strength agent is a chloride-based early-strength agent, and the cement waterproofing agent is a silicone waterproofing agent;

The plant seeds used in the second cement-soil protective layer are 200g/m ³ (add 200g seeds per cubic meter of slurry).

In the present invention: the thickness of the first cement-soil protective layer is 4-6cm, the thickness of the second cement-soil protective layer is 4-6cm, the height of the pad is 2-3cm, the anchor rod extends 20-25cm out of the slope, and the straw The thickness is 2-4cm.

The distance between anchor rods is 3m-3.5m, and the distance between wooden pile retaining plates is 3m-3.5m.

The outer surface of the wooden pile retaining board is coated with lubricating oil; the steel mesh used is coated with anti-rust material, and the mesh spacing is 30×30cm.

The selected cement and soil operation method is wet spraying.

A construction method of the aforementioned "fruit and mud" composite ecological slope protection structure includes the following steps:

S1: Clear the obstacles on the high and steep slope 5 and clean up the loose and dangerous rock masses;

S2: Position and set out the line and measure the slope slope, determine the location of the anchor holes and the spacing between horizontal holes, drill holes, and place the anchor 4. After the holes are formed, install the anchor body and grouting pipe and perform anti-corrosion treatment. Pay attention to the requirements of the anchor 4. Extend the slope 20-25cm, then clear the hole and grout, and clean the slope after the anchor is stable;

S3: Place pads on the slope and lay a steel mesh from top to bottom. The steel mesh is fixed by multiple buried anchor rods;

S4: After the laying of the steel mesh is completed, weigh the aggregate used in the first cement-soil protective layer according to the proportion, and mix it evenly with water in proportion to form a muddy cement-soil. After the preparations for the wet spray machine are completed, mix well The cement and soil are loaded into the wet spraying machine and sprayed perpendicular to the slope surface so that the cement and soil are sprayed evenly on the slope surface;

Then a concrete jet machine with a custom-made large-diameter nozzle (the diameter of an ordinary nozzle is smaller than the diameter of some fruits, and a custom-made large-diameter nozzle is used for construction) is used to spray the fruit directly above the slope surface, so that the fruit is inserted straight into the cement. In the soil, the first protective layer of cement and soil is formed;

S5: After the first cement-soil protective layer has been cured for 3-5 days and 80%-90% of the fruit has rotted, embed the wood pile retaining board perpendicular to the slope from top to bottom into the first cement-soil protective layer and lay it Straw, weigh the aggregate used in the second cement-soil protective layer according to the proportion, and mix it evenly with water in proportion to form a muddy cement-soil. Use a wet spray machine to spray the cement-soil onto the slope surface to form the second cement-soil protective layer. ;

S6: After the second protective layer of cement and soil has been cured for 7-10 days, remove the wooden pile retaining board. After removing the wooden pile retaining board, a cavity will be formed. Add the first protective layer of cement and soil, fruits, straw and the second The protective layer of cement and soil should be the same as the slope protection structure around the cavity;

S7: Cover the second cement-soil protective layer with non-woven fabric for sprinkling and curing. After 7-10 days, uncover the non-woven fabric to complete the construction of the ecological slope protection structure.

Example 1:

A high and steep slope has a slope of 45 degrees, and the slope surface is shale. It is planned to adopt the present invention for ecological slope protection.

Anchor 4: Anchor 4 is made of φ16 threaded steel bars with a length of 50cm; the length of anchor 4 inserted into the slope is 30cm and extends out of the slope 20cm, with a spacing of 3.5m.

Reinforced mesh 1: Reinforced mesh 1 uses HPB300 grade steel bars. The distance between the reinforced mesh 1 and the slope is 3cm. The mesh spacing is 30×30cm. The surface is coated with anti-corrosion material.

Pad 8: The height of the pad is 3cm, and the steel mesh 1 is flat with 3 pads.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a "fruit and mud" composite ecological slope protection structure includes multiple anchor rods 4 buried in the slope. The anchor rods 4 pass through the steel mesh 1 and are inserted into the borehole and passed through. The steel mesh 1 and the anchor rods 4 are firmly fixed by welding. The side slope 5 is covered with two ecological protective layers. The protective layer consists of the first cement-soil protective layer 2 and the second cement-soil protective layer 6.

The aggregate used in the first cement-soil protective layer 2 is a mixture of clay, cement, biological fertilizer starter, cement early strength agent, and cement waterproofing agent. Among them, clay accounts for 74% of the aggregate weight of the first cement-soil protective layer, cement accounts for 20% of the aggregate weight of the first cement-soil protective layer, and biological fertilizer starter accounts for 3% of the aggregate weight of the first cement-soil protective layer. The cement early strength agent accounts for 1% of the weight of the aggregate of the first cement-soil protective layer, the cement waterproofing agent accounts for 2% of the weight of the aggregate of the first cement-soil protective layer, and the water-to-material weight ratio of the first cement-soil protective layer grouting is 1.3: 1. 50 fruits/m ³ .

The aggregate used in the second cement-soil protective layer 6 is: a mixture composed of clay, cement, fertilizer, plant seeds, cement early strength agent, and cement waterproofing agent. Among them, clay accounts for 95% of the weight of the aggregates of the second cement-soil protective layer, cement accounts for 2% of the weight of the aggregates of the second cement-soil protective layer, fertilizer accounts for 2% of the weight of the aggregates of the second cement-soil layer, and cement early strength agent Accounting for 0.5% of the weight of the aggregate of the first protective layer of cement and soil, the cement waterproofing agent accounts for 0.5% of the weight of the aggregate of the first protective layer of cement and soil. The weight ratio of water to material for the grouting of the second protective layer of cement and soil is 1.5:1; plant seeds 200g/m ³ .

The cement is ordinary Portland cement P.O42.5;

The fertilizer is a vegetation concrete greening additive (A-B bacteria);

The plant seeds are bermudagrass;

The biological bacterial fertilizer starter is Youjikang organic fertilizer starter;

The cement early strength agent is a chloride salt early strength agent;

The cement waterproofing agent is a silicone waterproofing agent;

The fruit is a mixture of pears and mangoes that are about to rot.

A construction method of a "fruit and mud" composite ecological slope protection structure, including the following steps:

Step 1: Clear the obstacles on the high and steep slope 5 and clean up the loose and dangerous rock masses;

Step 2: Position and set out the line and measure the slope of the side slope 5, determine the position of the anchor 4 holes and the spacing between the horizontal holes, drill holes, place the anchor 4, and clean the slope after the anchor 4 is stable;

Step 3: Place pads 8 on the slope, and lay steel mesh 1 from top to bottom. Steel mesh 1 is fixed by multiple anchor rods 4 buried;

Step 4: Weigh the aggregate used in the first cement-soil protective layer according to the proportion, and mix it evenly with water in proportion to form a muddy cement-soil. Use a wet spray machine to vertically spray the cement-soil onto the slope surface, and then spray it with a large-diameter spray. The concrete spray machine of the pipe is directly above the slope surface and sprays the fruit 3 into the cement and soil to form the first cement and soil protective layer 2;

Step 5: After the first cement-soil protective layer 2 is cured for 3-5 days and the fruit is 380%-90% rotten, embed the wood pile retaining plate 7 perpendicularly to the slope from top to bottom into the first cement-soil protective layer 2 Inside, and lay straw 9, weigh the aggregate used in the second cement-soil protective layer according to the proportion, and mix it evenly with water in proportion to form a muddy cement-soil, and use a wet spray machine to spray the cement-soil onto the slope surface to form the third 2. cement-soil protective layer 6;

Step 6: After the second protective layer of cement and soil 6 has been cured for 7-10 days, remove the wooden pile retaining board 7. After removing the wooden pile retaining board 7, a cavity will be formed. Add the first protective layer of cement and soil 2 and fruits into the cavity in sequence. 3. The straw 9 and the second cement-soil protective layer 6 should be the same as the slope protection structure around the cavity;

Step 7: Cover the second cement-soil protective layer 6 with a non-woven fabric for sprinkling and curing. After 7-10 days, uncover the non-woven fabric to complete the construction of the ecological slope protection structure.

All steps are performed on sunny days.

The wooden pile retaining board 7 used in step 6 has a thickness of 10cm, a spacing of 3m, and extends 8cm into the cement-soil protective layer. A layer of lubricating oil is applied to the surface of the wooden pile retaining board.

The thickness of the first cement-soil protective layer is 4cm, and the thickness of the second cement-soil protective layer is 6cm.

Example 2:

A high and steep slope has a slope of 60 degrees, and the slope surface is shale. It is planned to adopt the present invention for ecological slope protection.

Anchor 4: Anchor 4 uses φ18 threaded steel bars with a length of 55cm; the length of anchor 4 inserted into the slope is 32cm, and the length of the anchor 4 extends out of the slope 23cm, with a spacing of 3m.

Reinforced mesh 1: Reinforced mesh 1 uses HPB300 grade steel bars. The distance between the reinforced mesh 1 and the slope is 3cm. The mesh spacing is 30×30cm. The surface is coated with anti-corrosion material.

Pad 8: The height of the pad is 3cm, and the steel mesh 1 is flat with 3 pads.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a "fruit and mud" composite ecological slope protection structure includes multiple anchor rods 4 buried in the slope. The anchor rods 4 pass through the steel mesh 1 and are inserted into the borehole and passed through. The steel mesh 1 and the anchor rods 4 are firmly fixed by welding. The side slope 5 is covered with two ecological protective layers. The protective layer consists of the first cement-soil protective layer 2 and the second cement-soil protective layer 6.

The aggregate used in the first cement-soil protective layer 2 is a mixture of clay, cement, biological fertilizer starter, cement early strength agent, and cement waterproofing agent. Among them, clay accounts for 73% of the aggregate weight of the first cement-soil protective layer, cement accounts for 22% of the aggregate weight of the first cement-soil protective layer, and biofertilizer starter accounts for 3% of the aggregate weight of the first cement-soil protective layer. , the cement early strength agent accounts for 1% of the weight of the aggregate of the first cement-soil protective layer, the cement waterproofing agent accounts for 1% of the weight of the aggregate of the first cement-soil protective layer, and the water-to-material weight ratio of the first cement-soil grouting is 1.3:1 , 55 fruits/m ³ .

The aggregate used in the second cement-soil protective layer 6 is: a mixture composed of clay, cement, fertilizer, plant seeds, cement early strength agent, and cement waterproofing agent. Among them, clay accounts for 94% of the aggregate weight of the second cement-soil protective layer, cement accounts for 3% of the aggregate weight of the second cement-soil protective layer, fertilizer accounts for 2% of the aggregate weight of the second cement-soil protective layer, and cement early strength The agent accounts for 0.5% of the weight of the aggregate of the first cement-soil protective layer. The cement waterproofing agent accounts for 0.5% of the weight of the aggregate of the first cement-soil protective layer. The water-to-material weight ratio of the second cement-soil protective layer grouting is 1.5:1. Plants Seed 200g/m ³ .

The cement is ordinary Portland cement P.O42.5;

The fertilizer is a vegetation concrete greening additive (A-B bacteria);

The plant seeds are bermudagrass;

The biological bacterial fertilizer starter is Youjikang organic fertilizer starter;

The cement early strength agent is a chloride salt early strength agent;

The cement waterproofing agent is a silicone waterproofing agent;

The fruit is a mixture of pears and mangoes that are about to rot.

A construction method of a "fruit and mud" composite ecological slope protection structure. The method includes the following steps:

Step 1: Clear the obstacles on the high and steep slope 5 and clean up the loose and dangerous rock masses;

Step 2: Position and set out the line and measure the slope of the side slope 5, determine the position of the anchor 4 holes and the spacing between the horizontal holes, drill holes, place the anchor 4, and clean the slope after the anchor 4 is stable;

Step 3: Place pads 8 on the slope, and lay steel mesh 1 from top to bottom. Steel mesh 1 is fixed by multiple anchor rods 4 buried;

Step 4: Weigh the aggregate used in the first cement-soil protective layer according to the proportion, and mix it evenly with water in proportion to form a muddy cement-soil. Use a wet spray machine to vertically spray the cement-soil onto the slope surface, and then spray it with a large-diameter spray. The concrete spray machine of the pipe sprays the fruit 3 directly into the cement and soil on the slope surface to form the first cement and soil protective layer 2;

Step 5: After the first cement-soil protective layer 2 has been cured for 3-5 days and the fruit 3 is 80%-90% rotten, embed the wood pile retaining board 7 perpendicularly to the slope into the first cement-soil protective layer 2 and lay it Straw 9. Weigh the aggregate used in the second cement-soil protective layer according to the proportion, and mix it evenly with water in proportion to form a muddy cement-soil. Use a wet spray machine to spray the cement-soil onto the slope surface to form the second cement-soil protection layer. layer 6;

Step 6: After the second protective layer of cement and soil 6 has been cured for 7-10 days, remove the wooden pile retaining board 7. After removing the wooden pile retaining board 7, a cavity will be formed. Add the first protective layer of cement and soil 2 and fruits into the cavity in sequence. 3. The straw 9 and the second cement-soil protective layer 6 should be the same as the slope protection structure around the cavity;

Step 7: Cover the second cement-soil protective layer 6 with a non-woven fabric for sprinkling and curing. After 7-10 days, uncover the non-woven fabric to complete the construction of the ecological slope protection structure.

All steps are performed on sunny days.

The wooden pile retaining board 7 used in step 6 has a thickness of 10cm, a spacing of 3.5m, and extends 8cm into the cement-soil protective layer. A layer of lubricating oil is applied to the surface of the wooden pile retaining board.

The thickness of the first cement-soil protective layer is 5cm, and the thickness of the second cement-soil protective layer is 5cm.

Example 3:

A high and steep slope has a slope of 70 degrees, and the slope surface is shale. It is planned to adopt the present invention for ecological slope protection.

Anchor 4: Anchor 4 is made of φ20 threaded steel bars with a length of 60cm; the length of anchor 4 inserted into the slope is 35cm and extends out of the slope 25cm, with a spacing of 3.5m.

Reinforced mesh 1: Reinforced mesh 1 uses HPB300 grade steel bars. The distance between the reinforced mesh 1 and the slope is 3cm. The mesh spacing is 30×30cm. The surface is coated with anti-corrosion material.

Pad 8: The height of the pad is 3cm, and the steel mesh 1 is flat with 3 pads.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a "fruit and mud" composite ecological slope protection structure includes multiple anchor rods 4 buried in the slope. The anchor rods 4 pass through the steel mesh 1 and are inserted into the borehole and passed through. The steel mesh 1 and the anchor rods 4 are firmly fixed by welding. The side slope 5 is covered with two ecological protective layers. The protective layer consists of the first cement-soil protective layer 2 and the second cement-soil protective layer 6.

The materials used in the first cement-soil protective layer 2 are a mixture of clay, cement, biological fertilizer starter, cement early strength agent, and cement waterproofing agent. Among them, clay accounts for 72% of the aggregate weight of the first cement-soil protective layer, cement accounts for 23% of the aggregate weight of the first cement-soil protective layer, and biological fertilizer starter accounts for 3% of the aggregate weight of the first cement-soil protective layer. The cement early strength agent accounts for 1% of the weight of the aggregate of the first cement-soil protective layer, the cement waterproofing agent accounts for 1% of the weight of the aggregate of the first cement-soil protective layer, and the water-to-material weight ratio of the first cement-soil protective layer grouting is 1.3: 1. Fruit 60/m ³ .

The aggregate used in the second cement-soil protective layer 6 is: a mixture composed of clay, cement, fertilizer, plant seeds, cement early strength agent, and cement waterproofing agent. Among them, clay accounts for 93% of the weight of the aggregates of the second cement-soil protective layer, cement accounts for 4% of the weight of the aggregates of the second cement-soil protective layer, fertilizer accounts for 2% of the weight of the aggregates of the second cement-soil layer, and cement early strength agent Accounting for 0.5% of the weight of the aggregate of the first protective layer of cement and soil, the cement waterproofing agent accounts for 0.5% of the weight of the aggregate of the first protective layer of cement and soil. The weight ratio of water to material for the grouting of the second protective layer of cement and soil is 1.5:1; plant seeds 200g/m ³ .

The cement is ordinary Portland cement P.O42.5;

The fertilizer is a vegetation concrete greening additive (A-B bacteria);

The plant seeds are bermudagrass;

The biological bacterial fertilizer starter is Youjikang organic fertilizer starter;

The cement early strength agent is a chloride salt early strength agent;

The cement waterproofing agent is a silicone waterproofing agent;

The fruit is a mixture of pears and mangoes that are about to rot.

A construction method of a "fruit and mud" composite ecological slope protection structure. The method includes the following steps:

Step 1: Clear the obstacles on the high and steep slope 5 and clean up the loose and dangerous rock masses;

Step 2: Position and set out the line and measure the slope of the side slope 5, determine the position of the anchor 4 holes and the spacing between the horizontal holes, drill holes, place the anchor 4, and clean the slope after the anchor 4 is stable;

Step 3: Place pads 8 on the slope, and lay steel mesh 1 from top to bottom. Steel mesh 1 is fixed by multiple anchor rods 4 buried;

Step 4: Weigh the aggregate used in the first cement-soil protective layer according to the proportion, and mix it evenly with water in proportion to form a muddy cement-soil. Use a wet spray machine to vertically spray the cement-soil onto the slope surface, and then spray it with a large-diameter spray. The concrete spray machine of the pipe is directly above the slope surface and sprays the fruit 3 into the cement and soil to form the first cement and soil protective layer 2;

Step 5: After the first cement-soil protective layer 2 has been cured for 3-5 days and the fruit 3 is 80%-90% rotten, embed the wooden pile retaining board 7 perpendicularly to the slope from top to bottom into the first cement-soil protective layer. 2, and lay straw 9, weigh the aggregate used in the second cement-soil protective layer according to the proportion, and mix it evenly with water in proportion to form a muddy cement-soil, and use a wet spray machine to spray the cement-soil onto the slope surface to form second cement-soil protective layer 6;

Step 6: After the second protective layer of cement and soil 6 has been cured for 7-10 days, remove the wooden pile retaining board 7. After removing the wooden pile retaining board 7, a cavity will be formed. Add the first protective layer of cement and soil 2 and fruits into the cavity in sequence. 3. The straw 9 and the second cement-soil protective layer 6 should be the same as the slope protection structure around the cavity;

Step 7: Cover the second cement-soil protective layer 6 with a non-woven fabric for sprinkling and curing. After 7-10 days, uncover the non-woven fabric to complete the construction of the ecological slope protection structure.

All steps are performed on sunny days.

The wooden pile retaining board 7 used in step 6 has a thickness of 15cm, a spacing of 3.5m, and extends 8cm into the cement-soil protective layer. A layer of lubricating oil is applied to the surface of the wooden pile retaining board.

The thickness of the first cement-soil protective layer is 6cm, and the thickness of the second cement-soil protective layer is 4cm.

The invention sprays cement soil with different cement content twice, and adds rotten fruits after the first cement soil spraying, and forms an ecological slope protection structure network with anchor rods and steel mesh. Cement soil was added to both layers to increase the strength of the slope itself. At the same time, bermudagrass seeds were added to the second layer of cement soil. Bermudagrass roots are rooted in the pores of rotten fruits (fruit rot provides nutrients and has water retention properties). The growth of root systems in the second layer of cement and soil, combined with the characteristics of bermudagrass, vegetation and high and steep slopes mixed with cement and soil, improves the strength of high and steep slopes, enhances the water retention of the slope, and prevents rainwater erosion. The slope maintains long-term stability and is more time-effective and durable.

The above description is only to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand the technical solutions of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A fruit and mud compound ecological slope protection structure is characterized by comprising

The anchor rods are buried in the side slope, the reinforcing steel bar meshes are paved along the slope surface of the side slope and fixed with the anchor rods, and a plurality of cushion blocks are arranged between the slope surface and the reinforcing steel bar meshes and used for supporting the reinforcing steel bar meshes;

the slope surface is sequentially covered with a first cement soil protective layer and a second cement soil protective layer, and the anchor rod extends out of the slope body and penetrates through the second cement soil protective layer; wherein:

the biological bacterial fertilizer leavening agent is mixed in the cement soil sprayed by the first cement soil protective layer, namely, the rotten fruits are sprayed after the cement soil is sprayed and are embedded into the first cement soil protective layer;

after the first cement soil protective layer is cured for 3-5 days and 80% -90% of fruits are rotten, spraying a second cement soil protective layer;

seeds and biological substrates are mixed in the cement soil sprayed by the second cement soil protective layer.

2. The fruit and mud composite ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that,

the reinforcement mesh is buried in the first cement soil protection layer;

the second cement soil protection layer is covered on the first cement soil protection layer, a wood pile retaining plate is erected on the slope surface and is paved with straws, the wood pile retaining plate is perpendicular to the slope surface and embedded into the first cement soil protection layer, the wood pile retaining plate is removed after the second cement soil protection layer is cured and molded, a cavity is formed after the wood pile retaining plate is removed, and the first cement soil protection layer, fruits, straws and the second cement soil protection layer are sequentially added into the cavity to be identical to the slope protection structure around the cavity.

3. The fruit and mud composite ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that,

aggregate used for the first cement soil protective layer is as follows: the cement-soil composite material comprises a mixture of clay, cement, a biological bacterial fertilizer starter, a cement early strength agent and a cement waterproof agent, wherein the clay accounts for 71-74% of the weight of the first cement-soil composite material, the cement accounts for 20-23% of the weight of the first cement-soil composite material, the biological bacterial fertilizer starter accounts for 2-4% of the weight of the first cement-soil composite material, the cement early strength agent accounts for 1% of the weight of the first cement-soil composite material, and the cement waterproof agent accounts for 2% of the weight of the first cement-soil composite material;

the weight ratio of the water to the soil cement protective layer grouting water is 1.3:1, a step of;

aggregate used for the second cement soil protective layer is as follows: the cement-soil composite material comprises a mixture of clay, cement, fertilizer, plant seeds, cement early strength agent and cement waterproof agent, wherein the clay accounts for 92-94% of the weight of the second cement-soil composite material, the cement accounts for 2-4% of the weight of the second cement-soil composite material, the fertilizer accounts for 1-3% of the weight of the second cement-soil composite material, the cement early strength agent accounts for 0.5% of the weight of the second cement-soil composite material, and the cement waterproof agent accounts for 0.5% of the weight of the second cement-soil composite material;

the weight ratio of the water to the soil cement protective layer grouting water is 1.5:1.

4. the fruit and mud composite ecological slope protection structure according to claim 3, wherein,

the cement adopts ordinary Portland cement;

the biological bacterial fertilizer starter is a eubacterial organic fertilizer starter;

the fruits are fruits with long corrosion period of pears and mangoes to be rotted;

the fertilizer is vegetation concrete greening additive A-B bacteria;

the plant seeds are bermudagrass, magnolia multiflora and ryegrass.

5. The fruit and mud composite ecological slope protection structure according to claim 3, wherein,

the first cement soil protection layer is internally embedded with fruits of 50-60 grains/m ³ ；

Plant seeds adopted in the second cement soil protective layer are 200g/m ³ 。

6. The fruit and mud composite ecological slope protection structure according to claim 3, wherein,

the cement early strength agent is chloride early strength agent, and the cement waterproof agent is organic silicon waterproof agent.

7. The fruit and mud composite ecological slope protection structure according to claim 2, which is characterized in that,

the thickness of the first cement soil protective layer and the second cement soil protective layer is 4-6cm;

the height of the cushion block is 2-3cm, the anchor rod extends out of the slope body by 20-25cm, and the thickness of the straw is 2-4cm;

the distance between the anchor rods is 3m-3.5m, and the distance between the retaining plates of the wood piles is 3m-3.5m.

8. The fruit and mud composite ecological slope protection structure according to claim 2, which is characterized in that,

the outer surface of the retaining plate of the selected wood pile is coated with lubricating oil;

the steel bar mesh is coated with rust-proof material, and the mesh spacing is 30cm multiplied by 30cm.

9. The fruit and mud composite ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that,

the two construction modes of the cement soil are wet spraying.

10. A construction method of a fruit and mud composite ecological slope protection structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps:

(1) Cleaning up obstacles on a high steep side slope and cleaning up loose dangerous rock bodies;

(2) Positioning and paying off, measuring slope gradient, accurately determining the positions of anchor rod holes and the distances between horizontal holes, drilling holes, placing anchor rod bodies and grouting pipes after hole forming, performing anti-corrosion treatment, cleaning holes and grouting, and cleaning the slope after the anchor rods are stable;

(3) Placing a cushion block on the slope, paving a reinforcing mesh from top to bottom, and fixing the reinforcing mesh through a plurality of embedded anchor rods;

(4) Weighing aggregate used by the first cement soil protective layer according to a proportion, uniformly mixing the aggregate with water according to a proportion to form slurry-like cement soil, spraying the cement soil perpendicular to a slope surface by adopting a wet spraying machine, and then spraying fruits right above the slope surface by adopting a concrete spraying machine of a large-caliber spray pipe, so that the fruits are directly inserted into the cement soil to form the first cement soil protective layer;

(5) After the first cement soil protective layer is cured for 3-5 days and 80% -90% of fruits are rotten, embedding a wood pile retaining plate into the first cement soil protective layer from top to bottom perpendicular to the slope, paving straws, weighing aggregate used by the second cement soil protective layer according to the proportion, uniformly mixing the aggregate with water according to the proportion to form slurry-like cement soil, and spraying the cement soil to the slope by a wet sprayer to form the second cement soil protective layer;

(6) After the second cement soil protective layer is maintained for 7-10 days, removing the wood pile retaining plate, forming a cavity after removing the wood pile retaining plate, and sequentially adding the first cement soil protective layer, fruits, straws and the second cement soil protective layer into the cavity so as to be the same as the slope protection structure around the cavity;

(7) And (5) covering the second cement soil protective layer with non-woven fabrics, sprinkling and curing, and uncovering the non-woven fabrics after 7-10 days to finish the construction of the ecological slope protection structure.