CN114777857B - Fan air volume online accurate measurement method based on static pressure - Google Patents
Fan air volume online accurate measurement method based on static pressure Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
- G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
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- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fan air quantity online accurate measurement method based on static pressure, which comprises the following steps: establishing a fan characteristic curve set consisting of a plurality of fan air volume-static pressure curves, measuring the fan static pressure of a fan motor under a certain frequency on line according to the established fan characteristic curve set, substituting the fan static pressure into a fan air volume-static pressure curve polynomial under a corresponding frequency to obtain the fan air volume under the corresponding frequency, wherein the corresponding frequency interval of every two adjacent fan air volume-static pressure curves in the fan characteristic curve set is at most 1Hz. The method also comprises a step of obtaining an interpolation fan air volume-static pressure curve of any frequency between two frequencies by using an interpolation algorithm. According to the invention, by measuring the static pressure of the fan and utilizing the established fan characteristic curve set with the frequency interval of at most 1Hz, the online air quantity of the fan can be quickly obtained, the deviation of the measurement result is within 3%, and the accuracy requirement of air quantity measurement in the air conditioning ventilation project is met. The method is simple, rapid, accurate and reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of online detection of fan air volume, in particular to a static pressure-based online accurate fan air volume measurement method.
Background
In recent years, in construction, fan air volume is generally measured using a hot wire anemometer, a pitot tube, a venturi tube, or the like. However, these measuring instruments are limited in practical use, for example, the energy consumption of the system is increased due to the fact that long front and rear straight pipe sections are required to homogenize the flow field or the measuring instruments are required to be installed in the pipeline, and the requirement for online rapid measurement of the air volume of the fan cannot be met.
At present, there is a method for obtaining the air volume of a fan by measuring the static pressure difference between the front and the back of the fan in the prior art, for example, in the invention patent application (the invention application number is 201110145281.6, the name of the invention is the method for measuring the air volume of the fan by the static pressure difference), two pressure measuring points, namely a first pressure measuring point S1 and a second pressure measuring point S2, are respectively taken at a roadway and an inlet of the fan; respectively measuring the static pressure values of the first pressure measuring point S1 and the second pressure measuring point S2; then, the air volume is calculated according to the formula (1), wherein the formula (1) is as follows:
wherein Q is the air volume and the unit is m 3 S; alpha is a thermal power consumption coefficient, and the value is 0.94-0.96; Δ hs is the static pressure difference between the first pressure measuring point S1 and the second pressure measuring point S2, and the unit is Pa; rho is the air density in kg/m 3 (ii) a k is the coefficient of section variation, k = S 2 /S 1 ；S 1 、S 2 The cross-sectional areas of the first pressure measuring point S1 and the second pressure measuring point S2 are represented in the formula (1), and the unit is m 2 . FromAccording to the method, different working conditions of the fan under different frequencies are not considered, the air quantity value of the fan under a certain fixed frequency is obtained only through the same formula, and the obtained air quantity value of the fan has a large error in practical application, so that the later-stage operation control of the fan is influenced.
Therefore, the existing fan air quantity measuring method still has inconvenience and defects, and needs to be further improved. How to create a new fan air volume online accurate measurement method based on static pressure, the fan air volume online accurate measurement method can accurately and reliably obtain the fan air volume value based on the static pressure of the fan by establishing a fan characteristic curve set with the frequency interval of at most 1Hz, the result deviation is small, the accuracy is high, the method is suitable for online detection of ventilation volume in engineering application, and the method becomes an object which is greatly required to be improved in the current industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a fan air volume online accurate measurement method based on static pressure, which can accurately and reliably obtain a fan air volume value based on the fan static pressure by establishing a fan characteristic curve set with a frequency interval of at most 1Hz, has small result deviation and high accuracy, is suitable for online detection of ventilation volume in engineering application and overcomes the defects of the existing fan air volume measurement method.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an online accurate measurement method for the air quantity of a fan based on static pressure, which comprises the following steps: establishing a fan characteristic curve set consisting of a plurality of fan air volume-static pressure curves, wherein each fan air volume-static pressure curve corresponds to a fan air volume-static pressure curve polynomial, obtaining the fan static pressure under a certain frequency by online measurement according to the established fan characteristic curve set, substituting the fan static pressure into the fan air volume-static pressure curve polynomial under the corresponding frequency in the fan characteristic curve set to obtain the fan air volume under the corresponding frequency, and the corresponding frequency interval of every two adjacent fan air volume-static pressure curves in the fan characteristic curve set is at most 1Hz.
Further, the calculation formula of the fan static pressure P is as follows:
P＝P j2 -P j1 -P d1
wherein, P j2 Static pressure at the outlet of the fan, pa; p j1 Static pressure at the inlet of the fan, pa; p d1 Is the dynamic pressure of the inlet of the fan, pa; q is the air quantity of the fan, m 3 /s；A 1 Is the cross-sectional area of the inlet of the fan, m 2 (ii) a Rho is air density, kg/m 3 ；
And simultaneously establishing the polynomial of the fan air volume-static pressure curve and the calculation formula of the fan static pressure, and solving the fan static pressure and the fan air volume under corresponding frequency.
In a further improvement, the detection point of the static pressure at the outlet of the fan is arranged at a position 2.5 to 4 times of the hydraulic diameter away from the outlet of the fan.
The method further improves the method and comprises the step of obtaining an interpolation fan air volume-static pressure curve and a polynomial thereof of the frequency between the corresponding frequencies of two adjacent fan air volume-static pressure curves by using an interpolation algorithm, and then obtaining the fan air volume under the corresponding frequency by using the interpolation fan air volume-static pressure curve and the polynomial thereof.
In a further improvement, the interpolation algorithm is as follows: within the allowable range of air quantity according to 100m 3 And taking air volume points at the distribution interval of/h, substituting the air volume points into two adjacent fan air volume-static pressure curve polynomials, calculating to obtain corresponding static pressure, calculating static pressure data at the interpolation point position frequency according to a linear interpolation method, and fitting the static pressure data at the interpolation point position frequency with the air volume value thereof to obtain an interpolation fan air volume-static pressure curve at the corresponding frequency.
Further improved, compared with the standard air quantity, the maximum deviation of the air quantity of the fan obtained by the method is less than 3%.
After adopting such design, the invention has at least the following advantages:
the fan air volume online accurate measurement method of the invention rapidly and indirectly obtains the fan air volume by measuring the fan static pressure and utilizing the established fan characteristic curve set with the frequency interval of at most 1Hz, and the deviation of the air volume measured by the method compared with the air volume measured by a standard nozzle method is within 3 percent, thus meeting the accuracy requirement of air conditioner ventilation engineering air volume measurement. The method is high in accuracy, simple and fast.
And the fan static pressure and the fan air volume under the corresponding frequency are simultaneously solved by combining a fan air volume-static pressure curve polynomial and a fan static pressure calculation formula, so that the obtained fan air volume result is more accurate.
And an interpolation fan air volume-static pressure curve of the intermediate frequency between the two frequencies and a corresponding polynomial thereof are obtained through an interpolation algorithm, so that the fan air volume under the working condition of any frequency of the allowable operating frequencies can be accurately and reliably obtained, and the result is accurate and reliable.
Drawings
The foregoing is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fan performance test stand according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph and a polynomial of the fan air volume-static pressure at a frequency of 47Hz in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of interpolated fan air-static pressure at 42.5Hz and a polynomial according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The fan characteristic curve is a curve for representing the relationship between main performance parameters (air quantity Q, air pressure P, power S) of the fan, and there is a one-to-one correspondence relationship between fan air quantity and fan static pressure in the fan characteristic curve. The method is based on the principle and is established on the basis of the principle. Specific examples thereof are as follows.
Establishing fan characteristic curve set
(I) test device
This embodiment uses two import back bend blade belt drive centrifugal fan as experimental fan, and the design flow Q of this fan is 6000m 3 H, the total pressure Pt is 2000Pa, the rotating speed N is 4175r/min, and the power is 5.5kw.
The fan test bed is shown in the attached figure 1, and the fan test bed is designed by referring to GB/T1236-2017 and ANSI/AMCA210-07 assembly. The test bed consists of a filter 1, a centrifugal fan 2, a nozzle box 3, a buffer box 4, an electric air valve 5, an air pipe 6, a frequency converter, a control cabinet and various sensors. The change of input parameters is controlled by an automatic control system, the displayed numerical values comprise fan frequency, temperature and humidity, pressure difference, valve opening, current and the like, and the fan rotating speed and voltage are separately measured and displayed by a rotating speed sensor and a universal meter. Errors of various measuring instruments in the test bed do not exceed the maximum allowable error specified by a GB/T1236-2017 industrial ventilator standardized air duct performance test.
And selecting the positions of front and rear measuring points of the fan 2, wherein a point B is an upstream measuring point of the static pressure difference of the fan, and a point A is a downstream measuring point of the static pressure difference of the fan. A is at 3D from the outlet of the fan 2, where D represents the hydraulic diameter.
(II) test method
(1) Fitting a fan characteristic curve:
fixing the frequency of the fan as X (the value of X is an integer between 50 and 20 Hz), adjusting the opening Y of the electric air valve 5 at the downstream of the fan test bed, and respectively recording test data after the fan runs stably: the method comprises the following steps of fan outlet static pressure (Pa), fan inlet static pressure (Pa), fan frequency (Hz), fan impeller rotating speed (r/min), current I (A) flowing through a fan motor, voltage U (V), nozzle box front-back pressure difference delta p (Pa), air valve opening degree feedback, nozzle box inner temperature and humidity, fan inlet gas temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure and the like.
The calculation formula of the fan static pressure in the embodiment is as follows:
P＝P j2 -P j1 -P d1 (1)
wherein, P j2 Static pressure at the outlet of the fan, pa; p is j1 Static pressure at the inlet of the fan, pa; p d1 Dynamic pressure at the inlet of the fan, pa; q is the air quantity of the fan, m 3 /s；A 1 Is the cross-sectional area of the inlet of the fan, m 2 (ii) a ρ isAir Density, kg/m 3 。
Firstly, test data under various electric air valve opening states on the basis of fixed fan frequency are recorded, standard fan air quantity under the fixed fan frequency and different air valve openings is obtained through conversion, fan static pressure P is obtained according to the standard fan air quantity, and the fan air quantity is fitted with the fan static pressure to obtain a fan air quantity-static pressure characteristic curve and a polynomial thereof under the fixed fan frequency.
And then, adjusting the frequency of the fan, and obtaining an air volume-static pressure characteristic curve of 31 fans with the interval of 1Hz under the allowable operating frequency of 50-20Hz according to the method, namely obtaining a fan characteristic curve set.
(2) Polynomial for verifying fan characteristic curve
Determining the operation frequency of the fan, adjusting the opening of a downstream air valve, and recording the static pressure (Pa) of an outlet of the fan, the static pressure (Pa) of an inlet of the fan, the frequency (Hz) of the fan, the rotating speed (r/min) of an impeller of the fan, the pressure difference (Pa) between the front and the rear of a nozzle box, the feedback of the opening of the air valve, the temperature and humidity in the nozzle box, the temperature and humidity of air at the inlet of the fan, the atmospheric pressure and the like after the fan operates stably. And substituting the obtained data into formulas (1) and (2), combining a fan air volume-static pressure curve polynomial of known fan frequency, simultaneously calculating to obtain a static pressure value and a fan air volume value under the working condition, and performing deviation analysis on the calculated air volume value and a standard air volume value calculated by a nozzle box. The deviation calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: q Meter Calculating the air volume obtained by fitting a polynomial; q Sign board The standard air volume calculated for the multiple nozzles of the nozzle box.
(3) Interpolation characteristic curve and polynomial establishment and experimental verification thereof
And obtaining an interpolated fan air volume-static pressure curve of the frequency between the corresponding frequencies of the two adjacent fan air volume-static pressure curves in the fan characteristic curve set by using an interpolation algorithm and a polynomial thereof. The specific method comprises the following steps: at a certain decimal fan frequency, the air flow rate is allowedWithin a range of 100m 3 And taking air volume points at the distribution interval of/h, substituting the air volume points into two adjacent fan air volume-static pressure curve polynomials to calculate corresponding static pressure, calculating static pressure data at the interpolation point position frequency according to a linear interpolation method, and fitting the static pressure data at the interpolation point position frequency with the air volume value thereof to obtain an interpolation fan air volume-static pressure curve and the polynomials thereof at the corresponding frequency.
And determining the frequency of a certain decimal fan, adjusting the opening of a downstream air valve of the system under the frequency, and recording static pressure test data within one minute after the fan is stable in operation. And substituting the obtained static pressure data into the interpolation air volume-static pressure curve polynomial obtained by the interpolation algorithm, calculating to obtain the air volume under the working condition, and performing deviation analysis on the calculated air volume and the standard air volume obtained by calculation of the nozzle box.
(III) test results
(1) Characteristic curve set of fan
According to the method for obtaining the fan air volume-static pressure characteristic curve under the fixed fan frequency in the test method, test data of the fan under the working condition of 47Hz in the embodiment are obtained, the test data are shown in the following table 1, and the fitting curve and the polynomial are shown in the figure 2.
TABLE 1 test data under 47Hz operating conditions
Next, in this embodiment, test data measurement is performed on 31 integer frequencies in the 50 to 20Hz range of the fan, so as to obtain an air volume-static pressure characteristic curve and a polynomial thereof of the 31 fan, as shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 31 sets of polynomial expressions of characteristic curve of wind quantity-static pressure of fan
Note: in the above table, x represents static pressure and y represents fan air volume.
Air volume range, 4000m, shown in Table 2 above 3 The flow rate is the maximum flow rate measurable by the nozzle box of the test bed, and the upper limit and the lower limit of the flow rate of each frequency are generally set within the allowable operation range of the fan. The upper limit value is the maximum air volume of the system under the frequency, and the lower limit value is the critical air volume when the front-back pressure difference fluctuation of the fan is increased during measurement, namely the fan is in an unstable working condition.
(2) Verification of fan characteristic curve polynomial results
According to the test method for verifying the fan characteristic curve polynomial, the fan characteristic curve polynomial is verified, the fan air volume measured value and the deviation of the fan air volume measured value under each working condition of the fan on the basis of the 47Hz frequency are verified in the embodiment, and the result is shown in the following table 3.
TABLE 3 verification result of calculated air quantity by polynomial equation of air quantity-static pressure curve of 47Hz blower
From the above table 3, it can be seen that, under the condition of a fixed frequency and a fixed rotation speed of 47Hz, the system resistance is changed within the allowable operation range of the fan, the measured air volume is obtained by simultaneous calculation of the fan static pressure calculation formula and the fan air volume-static pressure curve polynomial, the measured air volume is compared and analyzed with the standard air volume, and the result shows that the maximum deviation is 0.5897%.
In this embodiment, the measured air volume and the standard air volume at 31 frequencies are all verified through experiments, and the maximum deviation of each polynomial obtained by the fan characteristic curve set with the interval of 1Hz within the allowable operation range of the fan is shown in table 4 below.
TABLE 4 deviation results of air quantity measured based on fan air quantity-static pressure curve polynomial under each frequency
From the above table 4, it can be seen that, in the allowable operation range of the fan, compared with the standard air quantity, the maximum deviation of the air quantity measured based on the polynomial equation of the air quantity-static pressure curve of the fan is 2.39% of 20Hz, and is not more than 3%, and the deviation is smaller in other cases. The result shows that the online measurement method for the air volume of the fan in the embodiment can be used for indirectly obtaining the air volume of the fan by measuring the static pressure of the fan within the allowable operation air volume range of the fan at intervals of 1Hz, and the integral deviation is within 3%.
(3) Interpolation characteristic curve polynomial establishment and verification result
Taking 42.5Hz as an example, according to the tested polynomial of the curves of 43Hz and 42Hz, the test air volume range of the two curves is used, and the intersection is selected as the test air volume range of 42.5 Hz. Within the range of air quantity according to the interval of 100m 3 The/h distribution is shown in the following table 5. And substituting the air volume point into a 43Hz and 42Hz curve polynomial to calculate to obtain corresponding static pressure, and performing linear interpolation according to the interpolation point position to obtain static pressure data under the frequency. The specific data are shown in the following table 5, and the curve and the polynomial equation of the interpolated fan air volume-static pressure curve of 42.5Hz are fitted by the curve and the polynomial equation are shown in the attached figure 3.
TABLE 5 42.5Hz interpolation data Table
The embodiment verifies the measured value and the deviation of the air volume of the fan under each working condition on the basis of the 42.5Hz frequency, and the result is shown in the following table 6.
TABLE 6 verification result of polynomial calculation of air quantity of 42.5Hz fan
In this embodiment, a part of decimal frequencies in 20 to 50Hz are selected to obtain an interpolation fan air volume-static pressure curve and a polynomial thereof, and the interpolation fan air volume-static pressure curve and the polynomial thereof are verified, and the verification results are shown in table 7 below.
TABLE 7 interpolation calculation bias results at intervals of 0.5Hz
As can be seen from table 7 above, since 0.5Hz is the farthest from the integer data at both ends, the deviation is the largest with respect to other fractional frequencies. The test result shows that: compared with the standard air quantity, the maximum deviation of the air quantity obtained by polynomial measurement based on the air quantity-static pressure curve of the interpolation fan is 2.03% under the condition of 21.5Hz, which shows that the air quantity error of the interpolation fan can be still controlled within 3% after the interpolation characteristic curve is obtained by interpolation under decimal frequency. Therefore, after the fan air volume-static pressure characteristic curve set with the interval of 1Hz is obtained, the fan air volume value under any frequency in the allowable operation frequency range can be obtained, the result error is small, and the method is accurate and reliable.
Comparative examples
In this comparative example, the fan and the fan test bed are taken as an example, a fan characteristic curve set with intervals of 2Hz, 3Hz, 4 Hz and 5Hz is established, an interpolation fan air volume-static pressure curve polynomial under other frequency working conditions is obtained by using the fan characteristic curve set through an interpolation algorithm, the interpolation fan air volume-static pressure curve polynomial is calculated and verified, and the verification result is shown in table 8 below.
TABLE 8 verification of interval interpolation calculated air volume
It can be known from table 8 that the deviation of the air volume calculated by interpolating the polynomial expression of the air volume-static pressure curve of the fan is far more than 3% compared with the standard air volume when the interval difference is 2, 3, 4, 5 Hz. Especially, the air volume errors obtained by interpolation calculation between 50Hz and 45Hz exceed 5 percent. The method shows that when the corresponding frequency interval of the wind volume-static pressure curves of every two adjacent fans in the fan characteristic curve set is 1Hz, the on-line wind volume of the fan can be accurately and reliably obtained by measuring the on-line static pressure of the fan.
The test results of the application show that: this fan is in steady operation amount of wind within range, through measuring the online static pressure of fan, utilizes the frequency interval of establishing to be at most 1 Hz's fan characteristic curve set, can be quick indirect acquisition fan online amount of wind, and the amount of wind that obtains compares the deviation with the standard amount of wind within 3%, and the result is accurate reliable.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention in any way, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the above description of the present invention can be applied to various modifications, equivalent variations or modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A fan air volume online accurate measurement method based on static pressure is characterized by comprising the following steps: establishing a fan characteristic curve set consisting of a plurality of fan air volume-static pressure curves, wherein each fan air volume-static pressure curve corresponds to a fan air volume-static pressure curve polynomial, measuring the fan static pressure of a fan motor under a certain frequency on line according to the established fan characteristic curve set, substituting the fan static pressure into the fan air volume-static pressure curve polynomial under the corresponding frequency in the fan characteristic curve set to obtain the fan air volume under the corresponding frequency, and the frequency interval corresponding to the fan air volume-static pressure curves adjacent to each other in the fan characteristic curve set is at most 1Hz;
the calculation formula of the fan static pressure P is as follows:
P＝P j2 -P j1 -P d1
wherein, P j2 Static pressure at the outlet of the fan, pa; p is j1 Static pressure at the inlet of the fan, pa; p is d1 Dynamic pressure at the inlet of the fan, pa; q is the fan air quantity m 3 /s；A 1 Is the cross-sectional area of the inlet of the fan, m 2 (ii) a Rho is air density, kg/m 3 ；
And simultaneously solving the static pressure of the fan and the air quantity of the fan under the corresponding frequency by combining the polynomial of the air quantity-static pressure curve of the fan and the calculation formula of the static pressure of the fan.
2. The method for accurately measuring the air volume of the fan based on the static pressure in the online manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the detection point of the static pressure at the outlet of the fan is arranged at a position 2.5-4 times of the hydraulic diameter of the air duct away from the outlet of the fan.
3. The method for the on-line accurate measurement of the fan air volume based on the static pressure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the method further comprises the step of obtaining an interpolated fan air volume-static pressure curve and a polynomial thereof of the frequency between the corresponding frequencies of two adjacent fan air volume-static pressure curves by using an interpolation algorithm, and obtaining the fan air volume at the corresponding frequency by using the interpolated fan air volume-static pressure curve and the polynomial thereof.
4. The online accurate measurement method for the air volume of the fan based on the static pressure as claimed in claim 3, wherein the interpolation algorithm is as follows: within the allowable range of air quantity according to 100m 3 Taking air quantity points at distribution intervals of/h, substituting the air quantity points into two adjacent fan air quantity-static pressure curve polynomials to calculate corresponding static pressure, calculating static pressure data at the interpolation point position frequency according to a linear interpolation method, and calculating static pressure data at the interpolation point position frequency according to the static pressure data at the interpolation point position frequencyAnd fitting the pressure data with the air volume value to obtain an interpolation fan air volume-static pressure curve under the corresponding frequency.
5. The method for accurately measuring the air volume of the fan based on the static pressure in the online manner according to claim 4, wherein the maximum deviation of the air volume of the fan obtained by the method is less than 3% compared with the standard air volume.
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