CN114776646B - Automatic clamping device of TBM hobbing cutter that possesses wearing and tearing detection function - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic TBM hob clamping device with a wear detection function, which comprises a main hydraulic cylinder and an auxiliary hydraulic cylinder which are arranged in a hob shell, wherein a block is connected between a piston rod of the main hydraulic cylinder and a piston rod of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder, a cutter shaft is clamped and positioned through the block and a positioning part in the hob shell, the main hydraulic cylinder and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder are both connected with a hydraulic control system, the hydraulic control system comprises a high-pressure oil source and a first reversing valve which are sequentially connected, the first reversing valve is communicated with an oil cavity of the main hydraulic cylinder and an oil cavity of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder, a return spring is arranged in the other cavity of the main hydraulic cylinder and the other cavity of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder, a terminal oil way is connected with a wear detection head and a drain valve, and the wear detection head is arranged on the front end face of the hob shell. The hob device has the functions of on-line abrasion detection, hob quick clamping, hob quick release and the like, and solves the problems of low detection and replacement efficiency and the like of the existing hob device.

Description

An automatic clamping device for TBM cutter with wear detection function

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of installation and detection of a TBM cutter, and in particular to an automatic clamping device for a TBM cutter with a wear detection function.

Background Art

The roller cutter is usually installed on the TBM cutter head panel to roll, cut and crush the rock in front, reducing the cutting difficulty of the cutter head. It is a key core component of the TBM. The number, size and distribution of the roller cutter are generally customized according to the geological conditions of the tunnel.

Since the cutter assembly is often faced with strong impact loads caused by complex geological conditions, the cutter is very prone to wear and damage, and needs to be frequently inspected and replaced during operation. Traditional cutter assemblies are generally fixed to the TBM cutterhead panel by bolts, and a preload is applied to the bolts to position and tighten the cutter using a wedge-shaped mechanism. However, since the bolt connection installation and disassembly process is cumbersome, it is more difficult to replace or repair the cutter when it is worn; at the same time, the cutter needs to be frequently inspected to ensure the safety of the cutterhead panel.

After searching the existing invention patent application with the publication date of 2019.02.22 and the application publication number CN109372537A, in order to solve the technical problem that the disassembly of the disc hob requires the cooperation of multiple people, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, a new type of hob cutter holder with quick tool change based on electro-hydraulic control is disclosed, including a box body, a C-shaped block and a hob are arranged in the box body, one side of the hob shaft is stuck in the C-shaped block, and the other side is provided with a hob channel, and an ejection cylinder and a tightening cylinder are also provided in the box body, and the ejection cylinder and the tightening cylinder are respectively arranged on both sides of the cutter shaft.

When using the technical solution of the above invention patent application, the cutter shaft is pushed into the cutter channel by controlling the jacking cylinder and the ejecting cylinder, and the cutter is taken out from the rear of the cutter disc manually or by a robot. When the cutter is taken out, the cutter shaft slides outward along the cutter channel until it is separated from the box. However, it is still necessary to use conventional methods to detect the wear of the cutter. When the cutter is worn and needs to be replaced, the jacking cylinder and the ejecting cylinder are still in a clamped state, and it is impossible to ensure that the cutter disc panel is not damaged; in addition, the jacking cylinder and the ejecting cylinder cannot be quickly extended and retracted, and the quick clamping and quick release of the cutter cannot be achieved.

Summary of the invention

In view of the deficiencies in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention proposes a TBM cutter automatic clamping device with a wear detection function, which solves the technical problems of cutter wear detection and low efficiency of cutter replacement.

The technical solution of the present application is implemented as follows: an automatic clamping device for a TBM cutter with a wear detection function, comprising a main hydraulic cylinder and a secondary hydraulic cylinder arranged in a cutter housing, a mold block is connected between the piston rod of the main hydraulic cylinder and the piston rod of the secondary hydraulic cylinder, the cutter shaft of the cutter is clamped and positioned by the mold block and the positioning part in the cutter housing, the main hydraulic cylinder and the secondary hydraulic cylinder are both connected to a hydraulic control system, the hydraulic control system comprises a high-pressure oil source and a first reversing valve connected in sequence, the first reversing valve is connected to the oil chamber of the main hydraulic cylinder and the oil chamber of the secondary hydraulic cylinder, a return spring is arranged in another cavity of the main hydraulic cylinder and another cavity of the secondary hydraulic cylinder, a wear detection head and a drain valve are connected to the terminal oil circuit, and the wear detection head is arranged on the front end surface of the cutter housing.

Furthermore, a pressure sensor is provided on the oil circuit behind the first reversing valve. The pressure sensor can be provided on the main circuit or on the branch circuit of each roller cutter assembly to monitor the liquid pressure in the clamping state, so as to facilitate adjustment when the pressure fluctuates. It is also used to replace the roller cutter or hydraulic component when the pressure exceeds the allowable range.

Furthermore, an accumulator is provided on the oil circuit behind the first reversing valve. Under the action of the high-pressure emulsion in the accumulator, the force for clamping the cutter shaft is continuously output to the main hydraulic cylinder and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder, so that the main hydraulic cylinder and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder continuously output stable force, thereby realizing a stable and reliable clamping function of the roller cutter.

Furthermore, a second reversing valve is arranged on the oil circuit behind the first reversing valve, and the second reversing valve is respectively connected to the oil chamber of the main hydraulic cylinder, the oil chamber of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder, the wear detection head and the drain valve, and the accumulator includes a front end accumulator, and the pressure sensor and the front end accumulator are arranged between the first reversing valve and the second reversing valve.

When the knife shaft is clamped quickly, the first reversing valve is in the cut-off position and the second reversing valve is in the on position, and the high-pressure emulsion in the first accumulator flows out, and the emulsion flows into the pressure sensor and the second reversing valve respectively; after the emulsion flows out through the second reversing valve, it flows into the wear detection head, the cut-off valve, the terminal through the accumulator, the main hydraulic cylinder and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder respectively, and the piston rod of the main hydraulic cylinder extends under the action of the high-pressure emulsion, and the piston rod of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder retracts under the action of the high-pressure emulsion. The main hydraulic cylinder and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder continuously output the force for clamping the knife shaft under the action of the high-pressure emulsion in the front accumulator; when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure of the emulsion in the front accumulator is lower than the preset pressure, the first reversing valve switches to the on position, and the high-pressure emulsion in the high-pressure oil source flows into the rear oil circuit through the first reversing valve. When the indication of the pressure sensor reaches the preset value, the first reversing valve switches to the cut-off position to stop replenishing the emulsion for the front accumulator.

During the wear detection process, the second reversing valve is in the on position, and the high-pressure emulsion flowing out of the front accumulator flows into the pressure sensor and the second reversing valve respectively; the emulsion flows into the wear detection head after passing through the second reversing valve. When the roller cutter is severely worn, the rock wall contacts the wear detection head, and the surface of the wear detection head continues to wear. When the wear detection head is damaged, the emulsion inside it flows directly into the outside. The pressure sensor detects that the emulsion pressure in the system is reduced. According to the pressure signal of the pressure sensor, it is automatically judged that the degree of wear of the roller cutter has reached the critical value, and the damage of the cutter disc panel is avoided by replacing a new roller cutter.

When the roller cutter is seriously worn and needs to be replaced, the cutter shaft is released, the first reversing valve is in the cut-off position, the second reversing valve is switched from the on position to the cut-off position, the drain valve is opened, the emulsion in one cavity of the main hydraulic cylinder flows out under the action of the return spring in the other cavity, the emulsion in one cavity of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder flows out under the action of the return spring in the other cavity, the emulsion in the wear detection head flows out, the emulsion flowing out of the main hydraulic cylinder, the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder and the cut-off valve flows out through the drain valve, and the piston rod of the main hydraulic cylinder is in the reset spring The main hydraulic cylinder and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder drive the cutter shaft away from the positioning part of the roller housing through the mold block, and the new roller is installed on the mold block. The second reversing valve is switched from the shut-off position to the on position, and the high-pressure emulsion in the front accumulator flows into the pressure sensor and the second reversing valve. The high-pressure emulsion flows into the wear detection head, the shut-off valve, the terminal through the accumulator, the main hydraulic cylinder and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder through the second reversing valve. At this time, the hydraulic system is switched to the quick clamping of the cutter shaft.

Furthermore, a one-way valve is arranged on the oil circuit behind the second reversing valve, and the accumulator further comprises a rear end accumulator, and the rear end accumulator is arranged on the oil circuit behind the one-way valve. The one-way valve and the rear end accumulator work together to prevent backflow and maintain pressure, thereby fully ensuring the stability of pressure in each hob assembly.

Furthermore, the first reversing valve, the second reversing valve and the drain valve are all electromagnetic valves connected to the control unit, and the pressure sensor is connected to the control unit. The automation of hydraulic system regulation is realized, and under different working conditions, when oil replenishment or oil unloading is required, the control system will automatically control the on-off and reversal of each valve component according to the monitoring of the pressure sensor.

Furthermore, two wear detection heads are provided on each hob housing, and the two wear detection heads are arranged diagonally relative to the hob, thereby ensuring the reliability of online monitoring of hob wear and preventing the occurrence of undetectable situations when eccentric wear occurs.

Furthermore, two pairs of hydraulic cylinders are arranged in each roller cutter housing, each pair of hydraulic cylinders includes a main hydraulic cylinder and an auxiliary hydraulic cylinder, and the two pairs of hydraulic cylinders are respectively positioned and matched with the two ends of the cutter shaft, so as to further improve the reliability and convenience of clamping.

Furthermore, the mold block includes a guide portion and a claw portion, and the guide portion is plug-fitted with the hob housing to ensure the convenience of the mold block's movement with the main hydraulic cylinder and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder and the reliability of clamping; the claw portion is provided with a tightening groove for clamping the cutter shaft, and the claw portion drives the cutter shaft of the hob to be quickly clamped or released through the tightening groove; the positioning portion is a positioning groove, and when the hob is in a clamped state, the cutter shaft is clamped between the arc groove and the positioning groove.

Furthermore, the tightening groove is a semicircular arc groove, and the positioning groove is a minor arc groove. When the cutter shaft is clamped and positioned in the hob housing, the arc groove is concentric with the minor arc groove, which fully ensures the reliability of clamping.

Furthermore, the main hydraulic cylinder includes a main piston rod, the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder includes an auxiliary piston rod, and the hob housing is provided with a main piston sealing chamber and an auxiliary piston sealing chamber. The piston portion of the main piston rod is slidingly sealed in the main piston sealing chamber, and the piston portion of the auxiliary piston rod is slidingly sealed in the auxiliary piston sealing chamber. Specifically, the piston portions of the main piston rod and the auxiliary piston rod are each provided with three piston sealing rings, and the piston rods of the main piston rod and the auxiliary piston rod are each provided with a piston rod sealing ring. The return spring includes a main return spring and an auxiliary return spring, the main return spring is provided in the rod cavity of the main hydraulic cylinder, and the auxiliary return spring is provided in the rodless cavity of the negative hydraulic cylinder, and the rodless cavity of the main hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic control system is connected to the rod cavity of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder.

Furthermore, the extended end of the main piston rod is connected to the mold block through the main piston rod adapter, and the mold block includes a guide portion and a claw portion. The guide portion is plug-fitted with the hob housing, and two guide portions are provided, and the two guide portions are symmetrical with respect to the main piston rod. The extended end of the auxiliary piston rod is connected to the mold block through the auxiliary piston connecting earring.

Furthermore, the main piston rod adapter and the main piston rod, and the secondary piston connecting earring and the secondary piston rod are all threadedly connected, the main piston rod adapter is connected to the claw portion by bolts, and the secondary piston connecting earring is hinged to the claw portion by a pin. Specifically, the piston rod of the main piston rod is uniformly distributed with threaded holes in the circumference, one end of the main piston rod adapter is connected to the piston rod of the main piston rod by bolts, and the other end is connected to the claw portion by bolts; the piston rod of the secondary piston rod is uniformly distributed with threaded holes in the circumference, and the secondary piston rod connecting earring is connected to the piston rod of the secondary piston rod by bolts; the secondary piston rod connecting earring is connected to the claw portion by a connecting pin.

Furthermore, a wear-resistant guide sleeve is provided in the cutter housing, and the guide part is plugged into the cutter housing through the wear-resistant guide sleeve. When the sliding guide pair fails, only the wear-resistant guide sleeve needs to be replaced without replacing the main body of the cutter housing. A wear-resistant guide sleeve sealing ring is provided at the port of the wear-resistant guide sleeve to prevent debris from entering the sliding guide pair during construction, thereby extending the service life of the sliding guide pair and improving the clamping force.

As another preferred embodiment, a cross oil passage is provided in the cutter housing, and the hydraulic control system is connected to the cross oil passage through the main oil passage in the cutter housing, and the three auxiliary oil passages of the cross oil passage are respectively connected to the main hydraulic cylinder, the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder and the wear detection head, and the other port of the cross oil passage is sealed by a sealing bolt. By providing the oil passage in the cutter housing, the oil circuit structure is simplified, the system assembly space is reduced and the pressure maintaining effect is better.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include:

The present invention proposes an automatic TBM cutter clamping device with a wear detection function, which has the functions of online wear detection, quick cutter clamping, and quick cutter release, thereby solving the problems of low detection and replacement efficiency of existing cutter devices.

The hob claws are driven by a hydraulic cylinder to achieve quick clamping and quick release of the hob; and the wear detection device is provided to achieve online detection of hob wear.

In order to achieve the above functions, the present invention proposes a TBM cutter automatic clamping device with wear detection function, including a hydraulic cylinder driving device (including a main hydraulic cylinder and a secondary hydraulic cylinder), a wear detection device (diagonally distributed), a pressure maintaining device based on an accumulator, and a matching sealing device, etc.

The present invention proposes an automatic clamping device for TBM cutters with a wear detection function, which can realize functions such as quick clamping, quick release, and cutter wear detection of the cutter, thereby improving the overall excavation efficiency of the TBM and ensuring the safety of the cutterhead panel. The present invention uses a mold block driven by a main hydraulic cylinder and a secondary hydraulic cylinder to drive the cutter shaft of the cutter to move quickly in a preset guide rail. When a new cutter needs to be replaced, the high-pressure emulsion in the main hydraulic cylinder and the secondary hydraulic cylinder is released. The main hydraulic cylinder and the secondary hydraulic cylinder drive the mold block away from the positioning portion on the cutter housing under the action of a built-in reset spring. The mold block drives the cutter to move synchronously through the cutter shaft through shape matching, thereby realizing quick release of the cutter. After the new cutter is installed on the mold block, the main hydraulic cylinder and the secondary hydraulic cylinder, under the action of the high-pressure emulsion, fasten the cutter shaft of the cutter between the cutter housing and the mold block, thereby realizing quick clamping of the cutter.

In addition, the present invention is provided with two groups of wear detection heads with the function of automatically detecting the wear degree of the cutter. By designing two groups of corresponding oil passages, the system high-pressure emulsion is transported to the wear detection head. As the cutter continues to wear, the distance between the wear detection head and the rock wall continues to decrease; when the wear detection head contacts the rock wall and is damaged, the emulsion pressure in the system quickly drops to zero. By detecting the pressure change of the emulsion in the system, automatic detection of the wear degree of the cutter can be achieved during the TBM excavation process.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying any creative work.

Fig. 1 is a hydraulic principle diagram of the present invention;

FIG2 is a front view of the hob assembly of the present invention;

FIG3 is a bottom view of FIG2 ;

FIG4 is a right side view of FIG2;

FIG5 is a bottom view of FIG3;

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the A-A plane in Fig. 5;

FIG7 is a state diagram of FIG5 after the knife shaft is clamped;

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the B-B plane in Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the C-C plane in Fig. 7;

Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the D-D plane in Fig. 7;

FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the position of the drain valve on the cutter housing;

FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the position of the one-way valve on the cutter housing;

FIG13 is a schematic diagram of force and motion transmission during the clamping of the knife shaft of the present invention;

FIG14 is a schematic diagram of force and motion transmission during the release of the knife shaft of the present invention;

FIG15 is a force decomposition diagram of the cutter shaft when the hob is clamped;

Numbers in the figure: hob 100, first accumulator 1, second accumulator 2, third accumulator 3, first single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 4, second single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 5, third single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 6, fourth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 7, fifth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 8, sixth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 9, seventh single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 10, eighth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 11, ninth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 12, tenth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 13, eleventh single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 14, twelfth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 15, first stop valve 16, second stop valve 17, third stop valve 18, first wear detection head 19, second wear detection head 20, third wear detection head 21, fourth wear detection head 22 , the fifth wear detection head 23, the sixth wear detection head 24, the first one-way valve 25, the second one-way valve 26, the third one-way valve 27, the front accumulator 28, the pressure sensor 29, the second two-position two-way solenoid reversing valve 30, the proportional pressure reducing valve 31, the first two-position two-way solenoid reversing valve 32, the high-pressure oil source 33, the oil tank 34, the hob housing 35, the cutter shaft 36, the main piston rod 37, the main reset spring 38, the block 39, the guide part 391, 392 claw part, the auxiliary piston rod connecting earring 40, the auxiliary piston rod 41, the main piston rod adapter 42, the auxiliary reset spring 43, the main hydraulic cylinder end cover 44, the guide sleeve 45, the guide sleeve sealing ring 46, the piston rod sealing ring 47, the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder end cover 48, the piston sealing ring 49, the sealing bolt 50, the main oil channel 51, the auxiliary oil channel 52;

For the convenience of description and marking, the various ports of the hydraulic components in FIG. 1 are marked in the form of “number plus port mark”, such as port A of the proportional pressure reducing valve 31, which is marked as 31A in the figure; port B of the proportional pressure reducing valve 31, which is marked as 31B in the figure; and port C of the proportional pressure reducing valve 31, which is marked as 31C in the figure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", "sixth", "seventh", "eighth", "ninth", "tenth", "eleventh", and "twelfth" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined as "first", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", "sixth", "seventh", "eighth", "ninth", "tenth", "eleventh", and "twelfth" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

A TBM cutter automatic clamping device with a wear detection function, as shown in Figure 1, includes a main hydraulic cylinder and a secondary hydraulic cylinder arranged in a cutter housing 35, a block 39 is connected between the piston rod of the main hydraulic cylinder and the piston rod of the secondary hydraulic cylinder, the cutter shaft 36 of the cutter is clamped and positioned by the block 39 and the positioning part in the cutter housing 35, the main hydraulic cylinder and the secondary hydraulic cylinder are both connected to a hydraulic control system, the hydraulic control system includes a high-pressure oil source 33 and a first reversing valve 32 connected in sequence, the first reversing valve 32 is connected to the oil chamber of the main hydraulic cylinder and the oil chamber of the secondary hydraulic cylinder, a return spring is arranged in the other cavity of the main hydraulic cylinder and the other cavity of the secondary hydraulic cylinder, a wear detection head and a drain valve are connected to the terminal oil circuit, and the wear detection head is arranged on the front end surface of the cutter housing 35.

As another preferred embodiment, a pressure sensor 29 is provided in the oil circuit behind the first reversing valve 32. The pressure sensor 29 can be provided in the main circuit or in the branch circuit of each roller cutter assembly to monitor the liquid pressure in the clamping state, so as to facilitate adjustment when the pressure fluctuates. It is also used to replace the roller cutter or hydraulic components when the pressure exceeds the allowable range.

As another preferred embodiment, an accumulator is provided in the oil circuit behind the first reversing valve 32. Under the action of the high-pressure emulsion in the accumulator, the force for clamping the cutter shaft is continuously output to the main hydraulic cylinder and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder, so that the main hydraulic cylinder and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder continuously output stable force, thereby realizing a stable and reliable clamping function of the roller cutter.

As another preferred embodiment, a second reversing valve 30 is arranged on the oil circuit behind the first reversing valve 32, and the second reversing valve 30 is respectively connected to the oil chamber of the main hydraulic cylinder, the oil chamber of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder, the wear detection head and the drain valve, and the accumulator includes a front end accumulator 28, and the pressure sensor 29 and the front end accumulator 28 are arranged between the first reversing valve 32 and the second reversing valve 30.

When the knife shaft 36 is clamped quickly, the first reversing valve 32 is in the cut-off position, and the second reversing valve 30 is in the on position, the high-pressure emulsion in the first accumulator flows out, and the emulsion flows into the pressure sensor 29 and the second reversing valve 30 respectively; after the emulsion flows out through the second reversing valve 30, it flows into the wear detection head, the cut-off valve, the terminal through the accumulator, the main hydraulic cylinder and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder respectively, and the piston rod of the main hydraulic cylinder extends under the action of the high-pressure emulsion, and the piston rod of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder retracts under the action of the high-pressure emulsion Movement, the main hydraulic cylinder and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder continuously output force for clamping the knife shaft 36 under the action of the high-pressure emulsion in the front-end accumulator 28; when the pressure sensor 29 detects that the emulsion pressure in the front-end accumulator 28 is lower than the preset pressure, the first reversing valve 32 switches to the on position, and the high-pressure emulsion in the high-pressure oil source 33 flows into the rear oil circuit through the first reversing valve 32. When the indication of the pressure sensor 29 reaches the preset value, the first reversing valve 32 switches to the off position to stop replenishing the emulsion for the front-end accumulator 28.

During the wear detection process, the second reversing valve 30 is in the on position, and the high-pressure emulsion flowing out of the front accumulator 28 flows into the pressure sensor 29 and the second reversing valve 30 respectively; the emulsion flows into the wear detection head after passing through the second reversing valve 30. When the roller cutter 100 is severely worn, the rock wall contacts the wear detection head, and the surface of the wear detection head continues to wear. When the wear detection head is damaged, the emulsion inside it directly flows into the outside. The pressure sensor 29 detects that the emulsion pressure in the system is reduced. According to the pressure signal of the pressure sensor 29, it is automatically judged that the wear degree of the roller cutter 100 has reached the critical value, and the damage of the cutter disc panel is avoided by replacing a new roller cutter 100.

When the roller cutter 100 is seriously worn and needs to be replaced, the cutter shaft 36 is released, the first reversing valve 32 is in the cut-off position, the second reversing valve 30 is switched from the on position to the cut-off position, the drain valve is opened, and the emulsion in one cavity of the main hydraulic cylinder flows out under the action of the return spring in the other cavity, the emulsion in one cavity of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder flows out under the action of the return spring in the other cavity, the emulsion in the wear detection head flows out, and the emulsion flowing out of the main hydraulic cylinder, the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder and the cut-off valve flows out through the drain valve, and the piston rod of the main hydraulic cylinder is moved under the action of the return spring. Retraction movement, the piston rod of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder extends under the action of the return spring, and the main hydraulic cylinder and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder drive the cutter shaft 36 away from the positioning part of the hob shell through the block 39, and the new hob 100 is installed on the block 39. The second reversing valve 30 is switched from the cut-off position to the on position, and the high-pressure emulsion in the front accumulator 28 flows into the pressure sensor 29 and the second reversing valve 30. The high-pressure emulsion flows into the wear detection head, the cut-off valve, the terminal through the accumulator, the main hydraulic cylinder and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder through the second reversing valve 30; at this time, the hydraulic system is switched to the cutter shaft 36 for quick clamping.

As another preferred embodiment, a one-way valve is provided on the oil circuit behind the second reversing valve 30, and the accumulator further includes a rear accumulator, and the rear accumulator is provided on the oil circuit behind the one-way valve. The one-way valve and the rear accumulator work together to prevent backflow and maintain pressure, thereby fully ensuring the stability of pressure in each hob assembly.

As another preferred embodiment, the first reversing valve 32, the second reversing valve 30, and the drain valve are all electromagnetic valves connected to the control unit, and the pressure sensor 29 is connected to the control unit. The automation of hydraulic system regulation is realized, and under different working conditions, when oil replenishment or oil unloading is required, the control system will automatically control the on-off and reversal of each valve component according to the monitoring of the pressure sensor 29.

As another preferred embodiment, two wear detection heads are provided on each hob housing 35, and the two wear detection heads are arranged diagonally relative to the hob 100, thereby ensuring the reliability of online monitoring of hob wear and preventing the occurrence of undetectable situations when eccentric wear occurs.

As another preferred embodiment, two pairs of hydraulic cylinders are arranged in each roller cutter housing, each pair of hydraulic cylinders includes a main hydraulic cylinder and an auxiliary hydraulic cylinder, and the two pairs of hydraulic cylinders are respectively positioned and matched with the two ends of the cutter shaft 36 to further improve the reliability and convenience of clamping.

As another preferred embodiment, as shown in Figures 2 to 12, the mold block 39 includes a guide portion 391 and a claw portion 392, and the guide portion 391 is plugged into the hob housing 35 to ensure the convenience of the mold block 39 moving with the main hydraulic cylinder and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder and the reliability of clamping; the claw portion 392 is provided with a tightening groove for clamping the cutter shaft 36, and the claw portion 392 drives the cutter shaft 36 of the hob 100 to be quickly clamped or released through the tightening groove; the positioning portion is a positioning groove, and when the hob 100 is in a clamped state, the cutter shaft 36 is clamped between the arc groove and the positioning groove.

As another preferred embodiment, the tightening groove is a semicircular arc groove, and the positioning groove is a minor arc groove. When the cutter shaft 36 is clamped and positioned in the hob housing 35, the arc groove is concentric with the minor arc groove, fully ensuring the reliability of clamping.

As another preferred embodiment, the master hydraulic cylinder includes a master piston rod 37, the slave hydraulic cylinder includes a slave piston rod 41, and the hob housing 35 is provided with a master piston sealing chamber and a slave piston sealing chamber. The piston portion sliding seal of the master piston rod 37 is arranged in the master piston sealing chamber, and the piston portion sliding seal of the slave piston rod 41 is arranged in the slave piston sealing chamber. Specifically, the piston portions of the master piston rod 37 and the slave piston rod 41 are both provided with three piston sealing rings 49, and the piston rods of the master piston rod 37 and the slave piston rod 41 are both provided with a piston rod sealing ring 47. The reset spring includes a master reset spring 38 and a slave reset spring 43, the master reset spring 38 is arranged in the rod cavity of the master hydraulic cylinder, and the slave reset spring 43 is arranged in the rodless cavity of the negative hydraulic cylinder, and the rodless cavity of the master hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic control system is connected to the rod cavity of the slave hydraulic cylinder.

As another preferred embodiment, the extended end of the main piston rod 37 is connected to the mold block 39 through the main piston rod adapter 42, and the mold block 39 includes a guide portion 391 and a claw portion 392. The guide portion 391 is plug-fitted with the hob housing 35, and two guide portions 391 are provided, and the two guide portions 391 are symmetrical with respect to the main piston rod 37. The extended end of the auxiliary piston rod 41 is connected to the mold block 39 through the auxiliary piston connecting earring 40.

As another preferred embodiment, the main piston rod adapter 42 and the main piston rod 37, and the secondary piston connecting earring 40 and the secondary piston rod 41 are all threadedly connected, the main piston rod adapter 42 is connected to the claw portion 392 by bolts, and the secondary piston connecting earring 40 is hinged to the claw portion 392 by a pin. Specifically, the piston rod of the main piston rod 37 is uniformly distributed with threaded holes in the circumferential direction, one end of the main piston rod adapter 42 is connected to the piston rod of the main piston rod 37 by bolts, and the other end is connected to the claw portion 392 by bolts; the piston rod of the secondary piston rod 41 is uniformly distributed with threaded holes in the circumferential direction, and the secondary piston rod connecting earring 40 is connected to the piston rod of the secondary piston rod 41 by bolts; the secondary piston rod connecting earring 40 is connected to the claw portion 392 by a connecting pin.

As another preferred embodiment, a wear-resistant guide sleeve 45 is provided in the cutter housing 35, and the guide portion 391 is plugged and matched with the cutter housing 35 through the wear-resistant guide sleeve 45. When the sliding guide pair fails, only the wear-resistant guide sleeve 45 needs to be replaced without replacing the main body of the cutter housing. A wear-resistant guide sleeve sealing ring 46 is provided at the port of the wear-resistant guide sleeve 45 to prevent debris from entering the sliding guide pair during construction, thereby extending the service life of the sliding guide pair and improving the clamping force.

As another preferred embodiment, a cross oil passage is provided in the cutter housing 35, and the hydraulic control system is connected to the cross oil passage through the main oil passage 51 in the cutter housing 35. The three auxiliary oil passages 52 of the cross oil passage are respectively connected to the main hydraulic cylinder, the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder and the wear detection head, and the other port of the cross oil passage is sealed by a sealing bolt 50. By providing the oil passage in the cutter housing 35, the oil circuit structure is simplified, the system assembly space is reduced and the pressure maintaining effect is better.

Specifically, the best embodiment of the present invention is:

An automatic clamping device for TBM cutters with a wear detection function includes three parts: a system hydraulic circuit, a system mechanical structure, and a system action process. As shown in FIG1 , this embodiment is described with three cutter assemblies, namely, a first cutter, a second cutter, and a third cutter.

The high-pressure oil source 33 is connected in sequence to the proportional pressure reducing valve 31, the second two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve 30, and the first two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve 32; the accumulator includes the first accumulator 1, the second accumulator 2, the third accumulator 3, and the front accumulator 28; the main hydraulic cylinder includes the seventh single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 10, the eighth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 11, the ninth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 12, the tenth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 13, the eleventh single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 14, and the twelfth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 15; the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder includes the first single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 4, the second A single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 5, a third single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 6, a fourth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 7, a fifth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 8, and a sixth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 9; the drain valve includes a first stop valve 16, a second stop valve 17, and a third stop valve 18; the wear detection head includes a first wear detection head 19, a second wear detection head 20, a third wear detection head 21, a fourth wear detection head 22, a fifth wear detection head 23, and a sixth wear detection head 24; the one-way valve includes a first one-way valve 25, a second one-way valve 26, a third one-way valve 27, and a pressure sensor 29.

The hydraulic circuit of the system is:

The oil tank 34 is connected to the port 31C of the proportional pressure reducing valve 31; the high pressure oil source 33 is connected to the port 31A of the proportional pressure reducing valve 31; the port 31B of the proportional pressure reducing valve 31 is connected to the port 32A of the first two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve 32; the port 32B of the first two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve 32 is respectively connected to the port 28A of the accumulator 28, the port 29A of the pressure sensor 29, and the port 30A of the second two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve 30; the port 30B of the second two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve 30 is respectively connected to the first check valve 25 25B port of the first check valve 26, 26B port of the second check valve 26, and 27B port of the third check valve 27 are connected; the 25A port of the first check valve 25 is respectively connected to the 19A port of the first wear detection head 19, the 20A port of the second wear detection head 20, the 16B port of the first stop valve 16, the 1A port of the first accumulator 1, the 4A port of the first single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 4, the 7A port of the fourth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 7, the 10A port of the seventh single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 10, and the 13A port of the tenth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 13. 3A port is connected; the 16A port of the first stop valve 16 is connected to the atmosphere; the 26A port of the second check valve 26 is respectively connected to the 21A port of the third wear detection head 21, the 22A port of the fourth wear detection head 22, the 17B port of the stop valve 17, the 2A port of the second accumulator 2, the 5A port of the second single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 5, the 8A port of the fifth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 8, the 11A port of the eighth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 11, and the 14A port of the eleventh single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 14; the second stop valve The 17A port of 17 is connected to the atmosphere; the 27A port of the third one-way valve 27 is respectively connected to the 23A port of the fifth wear detection head 23, the 24A port of the sixth wear detection head 24, the 18B port of the stop valve 18, the 3A port of the third accumulator 3, the 6A port of the third single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 6, the 9A port of the sixth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 9, the 12A port of the ninth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 12, and the 15A port of the twelfth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 15; the 18A port of the stop valve 18 is connected to the atmosphere.

When the two-position, two-way solenoid reversing valve 30 is in the left position, its 30A port and 30B port are in a disconnected state; when it is in the right position, its 30A port and 30B port are in a conducting state; the initial position of its valve core is in the right position; when the two-position, two-way solenoid reversing valve 32 is in the left position, its 32A port and 32B port are in a conducting state; when it is in the right position, its 32A port and 32B port are in a disconnected state; the initial position of its valve core is in the right position.

The first single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 4, the second single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 5, the third single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 6, the fourth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 7, the fifth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 8, and the sixth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 9 are spring-return hydraulic cylinders, and their return springs are located in the rodless cavity; the seventh single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 10, the eighth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 11, the ninth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 12, the tenth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 13, the eleventh single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 14, and the twelfth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 15 are spring-return hydraulic cylinders, and their return springs are located in the rod cavity.

The first hydraulic cylinder group includes a first single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 4, a second single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 5, a third single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 6, a fourth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 7, a fifth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 8, and a sixth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 9; the second hydraulic cylinder group includes a seventh single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 10, an eighth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 11, a ninth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 12, a tenth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 13, an eleventh single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 14, and a twelfth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 15.

The mechanical structure of the system is:

The hob housing 35 is a symmetrical structure. A rectangular shoulder is provided in the middle of the hob housing 35. A circular groove is provided inside the shoulder for mounting the hob shaft. Circular grooves are provided at both ends of the hob housing 35 for mounting the main and auxiliary piston rods. A cross oil passage is provided inside. Three ports of the oil passage are used to drive the main hydraulic cylinder, the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder and the wear detection head. The other port of the oil passage is sealed by a sealing bolt 50. A circular groove is provided at one end of the block 39, and two parallel rectangular bosses are provided at the other end. The circular groove is used to mount the hob shaft, and the rectangular bosses serve as guides. Function; The main body of the wear detection head is a cylindrical structure, and the bottom of the wear detection head is provided with a thread for installation; a cylindrical cavity is opened inside the wear detection head for accommodating the high-pressure emulsion of the system, and the wear detection head is connected to the hob housing 35 through a thread; the main piston rod 37 is installed in the circular groove inside the hob housing 35, and the piston part of the main piston rod 37 is provided with three main piston sealing rings 49, and the piston rod of the main piston rod 37 is provided with a main piston rod sealing ring 47, and the rod cavity of the main piston rod 37 is provided with a main reset spring 38; the main piston rod 37 is provided with a main piston rod seal 49, and ... piston rod seal 49, and the main piston rod 37 is provided with a main reset spring 38; the main piston rod 37 is provided with a main piston rod seal 49, and the main piston rod 37 is provided with a main piston rod seal 49, and the main piston rod 37 is provided The piston rod of the main piston rod 7 is evenly distributed with threaded holes around the circumference. One end of the main piston rod adapter 42 is connected to the piston rod of the main piston rod 37 by bolts, and the other end is connected to the block 39 by bolts. The two parallel guide bosses of the block 39 are installed inside the guide sleeve 45 through shape matching. The guide sleeve 45 is made of wear-resistant material (such as copper). The guide sleeve 45 is installed in the hob housing 35. A sealing ring is provided between the guide sleeve 45 and the guide boss of the block 39 to prevent dust from entering the system transmission mechanism. The auxiliary piston rod 41 is installed in the hob housing 35 A circular groove is formed on the piston of the auxiliary piston rod 41, three piston sealing rings 49 are provided at the piston of the auxiliary piston rod 41, a piston rod sealing ring 47 is provided at the piston rod of the auxiliary piston rod 41, and a secondary return spring 43 is provided in the rodless cavity of the auxiliary piston rod 41; threaded holes are evenly distributed around the piston rod of the auxiliary piston rod 41, and the auxiliary piston rod connecting earring 40 is connected to the piston rod of the auxiliary piston rod 41 by bolts; the auxiliary piston rod connecting earring 40 is connected to the block 39 by a connecting pin; the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder end cover 48 and the main hydraulic cylinder end cover 44 are respectively connected to the hob housing 35 by bolts.

The end of the cutter housing 35 facing away from the column hydraulic rod 37 is provided with a main hydraulic cylinder end cover 44, and the main hydraulic cylinder end cover 44 is provided with an oil hole for conducting the emulsion. The one-way valve is installed at the input end of the main hydraulic cylinder end cover 44 through a threaded connection, and the stop valve 16 is installed inside the cutter housing 35 through a connecting bolt. One end of the stop valve is connected to the cutter oil circuit, and the other end is connected to the atmosphere.

The system action process includes: hob quick clamping function, hob wear intelligent detection function, and hob quick release function.

The hob quick clamping function:

When the tool shaft 36 needs to be clamped, the second two-position two-way solenoid reversing valve 30 and the first two-position two-way solenoid reversing valve 32 are in the right position, and the high-pressure emulsion in the second accumulator 28 flows out through its 28A port, and the emulsion flowing out of the 28A port flows into the pressure sensor 29 through the 29A port of the pressure sensor 29, and flows into the second two-position two-way solenoid reversing valve 30 through the 30A port of the second two-position two-way solenoid reversing valve 30.

The emulsion flows out from the port 30B after passing through the second two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve 30 , and the emulsion flowing out from the port 30B flows into the first check valve 25 through the port 25B of the first check valve 25 , flows into the second check valve 26 through the port 26B of the second check valve 26 , and flows into the third check valve 27 through the port 27B of the third check valve 27 .

The emulsion flows out from the port 25A after passing through the first one-way valve 25. The emulsion flowing out from the port 25A flows into the first wear detection head 19 through the port 19A of the first wear detection head 19, flows into the second wear detection head 20 through the port 20A of the second wear detection head 20, flows into the first stop valve 16 through the port 16B of the first stop valve 16, flows into the first accumulator 1 through the port 1A of the first accumulator 1, flows into the first single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 4 through the port 4A of the first single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 4, flows into the fourth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 7 through the port 7A of the fourth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 7, flows into the seventh single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 10 through the port 10A of the seventh single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 10, and flows into the tenth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 13 through the port 13A of the tenth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 13.

The emulsion flows out from the port 26A after passing through the second one-way valve 26. The emulsion flowing out from the port 26A flows into the third wear detection head 21 through the port 21A of the third wear detection head 21, flows into the fourth wear detection head 22 through the port 22A of the fourth wear detection head 22, flows into the second stop valve 17 through the port 17B of the second stop valve 17, flows into the second accumulator 2 through the port 2A, flows into the second single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 5 through the port 5A of the second single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 5, flows into the fifth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 8 through the port 8A of the fifth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 8, flows into the eighth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 11 through the port 11A of the eighth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 11, and flows into the eleventh single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 14 through the port 14A of the eleventh single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 14.

The emulsion flows out from the port 27A after passing through the third one-way valve 27. The emulsion flowing out from the port 27A flows into the fifth wear detection head 23 through the port 23A of the fifth wear detection head 23, flows into the sixth wear detection head 24 through the port 24A of the sixth wear detection head 24, flows into the third stop valve 18 through the port 18B of the third stop valve 18, flows into the third accumulator 3 through the port 3A of the third accumulator 3, flows into the third single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 6 through the port 6A of the third single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 6, flows into the sixth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 9 through the port 9A of the sixth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 9, flows into the ninth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 12 through the port 12A of the ninth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 12, and flows into the twelfth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 15 through the port 15A of the twelfth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 15.

The first hydraulic cylinder group and the second hydraulic cylinder group continuously output a force for clamping the hob under the action of the high-pressure emulsion in the accumulator group. When the pressure sensor 29 detects that the pressure of the emulsion in the second accumulator 28 is lower than the preset pressure, the first two-position two-way solenoid reversing valve 32 switches to the left position, and the high-pressure emulsion in the high-pressure oil source 33 flows into the proportional pressure reducing valve 31 through the 31A port of the proportional pressure reducing valve 31. After being regulated by the proportional pressure reducing valve 31, part of the emulsion flows back to the oil tank 34 through its 31C port, and part flows out through its 31B port; the emulsion flowing out of the 31B port flows into the first two-position two-way solenoid reversing valve 32 through the 32A port of the first two-position two-way solenoid reversing valve 32, and the emulsion flows into the first two-position two-way solenoid reversing valve 32 through the 31A port of the first two-position two-way solenoid reversing valve 32. The emulsion flows out from the two-way electromagnetic reversing valve 32 through its 32B port; the emulsion flowing out of the 32B port flows into the second accumulator 28 through the 28A port of the second accumulator 28, and the accumulator is supplemented with emulsion of a certain pressure. When the indication of the pressure sensor reaches the preset value, the first two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve 32 switches to the right position, and stops supplementing the emulsion for the second accumulator 28. Under the action of the high-pressure emulsion, the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder group retracts, and the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder group extends under the action of the high-pressure emulsion; the high-pressure emulsion in the second accumulator 28 continuously provides the system with emulsion of a certain pressure, so that the hydraulic cylinder group continuously outputs a stable force, thereby realizing the quick clamping function of the hob.

Intelligent detection function of hob wear: the second two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve 30 is in the right position, the high-pressure emulsion in the second accumulator 28 flows out through its 28A port, the emulsion flowing out of the 28A port flows into the pressure sensor 29 through the 29A port of the pressure sensor 29, and flows into the second two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve 30 through the 30A port of the second two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve 30; the emulsion flows out of the 30B port after passing through the second two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve 30, and the emulsion flowing out of the 30B port flows through the first one-way valve 2 5 flows into the first one-way valve 25 through the 25B port, the second one-way valve 26 flows into the second one-way valve 26 through the 26B port, and the third one-way valve 27 flows into the third one-way valve 27 through the 27B port; the emulsion flows out of the first one-way valve 25 through the 25A port, and the emulsion flowing out of the 25A port flows into the first wear detection head 19 through the 19A port of the first wear detection head 19, and flows into the second wear detection head 20 through the 20A port of the second wear detection head 20; the emulsion flows out of the second one-way valve 26 through the 26A port, The emulsion flowing out of the 26A port flows into the third wear detection head 21 through the 21A port of the third wear detection head 21, and flows into the fourth wear detection head 22 through the 22A port of the fourth wear detection head 22; the emulsion flows out of the 27A port after passing through the third one-way valve 27, and the emulsion flowing out of the 27A port flows into the fifth wear detection head 23 through the 23A port of the fifth wear detection head 23, and flows into the sixth wear detection head 24 through the 24A port of the sixth wear detection head 24. The high-pressure emulsion in the system flows into the internal cavity of the wear detection head through the main and auxiliary oil channels respectively. When the cutter shaft 36 is severely worn, the rock wall contacts the wear detection head, and the surface of the wear detection head continues to wear; when the wear detection head is damaged, the emulsion inside it directly flows into the outside, and the pressure sensor 29 detects that the pressure of the emulsion in the system is reduced. According to the pressure signal of the pressure sensor 29, it can be known that the wear degree of the cutter shaft 36 has reached the critical value, thereby realizing automatic detection of the wear of the hob tool. By replacing a new cutter shaft 36, damage to the cutter head panel is avoided.

Quick release function of the hob: When the hob is severely worn and needs to be replaced, the second two-position two-way solenoid reversing valve 30 is in the right position, and the first two-position two-way solenoid reversing valve 32 is in the right position. Here, taking the replacement of the first hob as an example, the second two-position two-way solenoid reversing valve 30 is switched to the left position, and the first stop valve 16 is opened. The emulsion in the first accumulator 1 flows out through its 1A port, and the emulsion in the rod chamber 41 of the first single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 4 flows out from its 4A port under the action of its return spring, and the emulsion in the rod chamber of the fourth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 7 flows out from its return spring. The emulsion in the rodless chamber of the seventh single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 10 flows out from its 10A port under the action of its return spring. The emulsion in the rodless chamber 37 of the tenth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 13 flows out from its 13A port under the action of its return spring. The emulsion in the first wear detection head 19 flows out through its 19A port. The emulsion in the second wear detection head 20 flows out through its 20A port. The emulsions flowing out of the 1A port, 4A port, 7A port, 10A port, 13A port, 19A port and 20A port flow out together through the 1 port of the first stop valve 16. 6B port flows into the first stop valve 16, and the emulsion flows directly into the atmosphere from its 16A port after passing through the first stop valve 16. The piston rods of the first single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 4 and the fourth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 7 retract 37 under the action of the return spring, and the piston rods of the seventh single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 10 and the tenth single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 13 extend under the action of the return spring. The movement of the hydraulic cylinder removes the cutter shaft 36 from the hob housing 35 through the mold block 39, and installs the new hob in the circular groove inside the mold block 39, and the second two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing The valve 30 is switched to the right position, and the Gaia emulsion in the second accumulator 28 flows out through its 28A port, and the emulsion flowing out of the 28A port flows into the pressure sensor 29 through the 29A port of the pressure sensor 29, and flows into the second two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve 30 through the 30A port of the second two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve 30; the emulsion flows out from the 30B port after passing through the second two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve 30, and the emulsion flowing out of the 30B port flows into the first one-way valve 25 through the 25B port of the first one-way valve 25; at this time, the hydraulic system is switched to the roller cutter quick clamping function to complete the quick release of the roller cutter.

The force and motion analysis of the hob is shown in Figures 13 and 14:

The force and movement process of the knife shaft 36 from the initial position to the clamping state are as follows: under the action of the high-pressure emulsion, the main piston rod 37 extends, the main reset spring 38 is compressed and deformed by the force, and the piston rod 37 transmits the force to the main piston rod adapter 42 through the bolt connection; the main piston rod adapter 42 is installed in the circular groove of the block 39, and the main piston rod adapter 42 transmits the force to the block 39 through the shoulder at the circular notch of the block 39; under the action of the high-pressure emulsion, the auxiliary piston rod 41 retracts, the auxiliary reset spring 43 is compressed and deformed by the force, and the auxiliary piston rod 41 transmits the force to the auxiliary piston rod connecting earring 40 through the bolt connection; the auxiliary piston rod connecting earring 40 transmits the force to the block 39 through the connecting pin; the block 39 starts to move under the joint action of the main piston rod 37 and the auxiliary piston rod 41, and the knife shaft 36 The cylindrical shoulder is installed in the semicircular groove of the block 39, and the cutter shaft 36 moves with the block 39. When the cutter shaft 36 and the block 39 move to the specified position (the cutter shaft 36 contacts the annular groove inside the hob housing 35), the driving pressure of the main and auxiliary piston rods is set to a constant pressure mode, and the output force of the main piston rod and the auxiliary piston rod is transmitted to the shaft of the cutter shaft 36 through the arc contact surface between the block 39 and the cutter shaft 36. The cutter shaft 36 transmits the force to the hob housing 35 through the contact between the cutter shaft 36 and the hob housing 35; the reaction force applied by the cutter shaft 36 to the movable claw can be divided into a horizontal force and a vertical force, wherein the horizontal reaction force offsets the output force of the main piston rod and the output force of the auxiliary piston rod, and the vertical reaction force is transmitted to the hob housing 35 through the rectangular guide boss of the block 39, thereby realizing the positioning and tightening of the cutter shaft 36.

The stress state of the cutter shaft 36 in the positioned and fastened state is shown in FIG15 , and the cutter shaft 36 is subjected to the horizontal rightward force f3 and the vertical downward force f4 applied by the block 39, and the horizontal leftward force f1 and the vertical upward force f2 applied by the roller cutter housing 35. The cutter shaft 36 is in a balanced state under the joint action of f1, f2, f3, and f4. In addition, during the rock breaking process of the roller cutter 100, the cutter shaft 36 is also subjected to the vertical downward force F applied by the face, and the cutter shaft 36 is still in a balanced state under the joint action of f1, f2, f3, f4, and F.

The force and movement process of the knife shaft 36 moving from the clamped state to the initial position are as follows: the high-pressure emulsion in the rodless chamber of the main hydraulic cylinder and the rod chamber of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder begins to unload, the main piston rod 37 begins to retract under the action of the main reset spring 38, and the auxiliary piston rod 41 begins to extend under the action of the auxiliary reset spring 43; the main piston rod 37 transmits the force and movement to the main piston rod adapter 42 through the bolt connection, and the auxiliary piston rod 41 transmits the force and movement to the block 39 through the auxiliary piston rod connecting earring 40, the rectangular guide boss of the block 39 moves along the guide sleeve 45, and the axis of the knife shaft 36 moves together under the action of the block 39, so that the knife shaft 36 is quickly released.

The details not described in detail in the present invention are all conventional technical means known to those skilled in the art.

The above content shows and describes the basic principles, main features and beneficial effects of the present invention. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (14)

1. The utility model provides an automatic clamping device of TBM hobbing cutter that possesses wearing and tearing detection function, includes master cylinder and the vice pneumatic cylinder of setting in hobbing cutter casing (35), be connected with type piece (39) between the piston rod of master cylinder and the piston rod of vice pneumatic cylinder, arbor (36) of hobbing cutter are through the location portion centre gripping location in type piece (39) and hobbing cutter casing (35), master cylinder and vice pneumatic cylinder all link to each other with hydraulic control system, its characterized in that: the hydraulic control system comprises a high-pressure oil source (33) and a first reversing valve (32) which are sequentially connected, the first reversing valve (32) is communicated with an oil cavity of the main hydraulic cylinder and an oil cavity of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder, return springs are arranged in the other cavity of the main hydraulic cylinder and the other cavity of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder, a terminal oil circuit is connected with a wear detection head and a drain valve, and the wear detection head is arranged on the front end face of the hob shell (35); an accumulator is arranged on an oil way behind the first reversing valve (32);

A pressure sensor (29) is arranged on an oil path behind the first reversing valve (32);

A second reversing valve (30) is arranged on an oil way behind the first reversing valve (32), the second reversing valve (30) is respectively communicated with an oil cavity of the main hydraulic cylinder, an oil cavity of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder, the wear detection head and the drain valve, the energy accumulator comprises a front-end energy accumulator (28), and the pressure sensor (29) and the front-end energy accumulator (28) are arranged between the first reversing valve (32) and the second reversing valve (30);

In the abrasion detection process, the second reversing valve (30) is in a conducting position, and high-pressure emulsion flowing out of the front-end energy accumulator (28) flows into the pressure sensor (29) and the second reversing valve (30) respectively;

Emulsion flows into the wear detection head after passing through the second reversing valve (30), when the hob (100) is severely worn, the rock wall is contacted with the wear detection head, the surface of the wear detection head is continuously worn, after the wear detection head is damaged, the emulsion in the wear detection head directly flows into the outside, the pressure sensor (29) detects that the emulsion pressure in the system is reduced, the wear degree of the hob (100) is automatically judged to reach a critical value according to the pressure signal of the pressure sensor (29), and the damage to a cutterhead panel is avoided by replacing a new hob (100).

2. The automatic TBM hob clamping device with wear detection function according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cutter shaft (36) is clamped rapidly, the first reversing valve (32) is in a cut-off position, the second reversing valve (30) is in a conduction position, high-pressure emulsion in the front-end energy accumulator (28) flows out, and the flowing emulsion flows into the pressure sensor (29) and the second reversing valve (30) respectively;

The emulsion flows out through a second reversing valve (30) and then flows into a wear detection head, a stop valve, an accumulator, a main hydraulic cylinder and an auxiliary hydraulic cylinder respectively, wherein a piston rod of the main hydraulic cylinder stretches out and moves under the action of high-pressure emulsion, a piston rod of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder retracts under the action of high-pressure emulsion, and the main hydraulic cylinder and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder continuously output the force for clamping the cutter shaft (36) under the action of the high-pressure emulsion in a front-end accumulator (28);

When the pressure sensor (29) detects that the emulsion pressure in the front-end energy accumulator (28) is lower than the preset pressure, the first reversing valve (32) is switched to the conducting position, high-pressure emulsion in the high-pressure oil source (33) flows into the rear oil path through the first reversing valve (32), and when the indication of the pressure sensor (29) reaches the preset value, the first reversing valve (32) is switched to the blocking position, and the emulsion supplementing for the front-end energy accumulator (28) is stopped.

3. The automatic TBM hob clamping device with wear detection function according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the hob (100) is severely worn and needs to be replaced, the hob (36) is released, the first reversing valve (32) is in a stop position, the second reversing valve (30) is switched from the on position to the stop position, the drain valve is opened, emulsion in one cavity of the main hydraulic cylinder flows out under the action of a return spring in the other cavity, emulsion in one cavity of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder flows out under the action of the return spring in the other cavity, emulsion in the wear detection head flows out, emulsion flowing out of the main hydraulic cylinder, the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder and the stop valve flows out through the drain valve, a piston rod of the main hydraulic cylinder is retracted under the action of the return spring, a piston rod of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder is extended under the action of the return spring, the main hydraulic cylinder and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder drive the hob (36) to be far away from a positioning part of a hob shell through a block (39), the new hob (100) is arranged on the block (39), the second valve (30) is switched from the stop position to the on position, the emulsion flowing out of the front end of the main hydraulic cylinder and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder flows into the high-pressure transducer (28) through the high-pressure accumulator (30) and the high-pressure accumulator (30) through the high-pressure accumulator and the high-pressure accumulator (30) respectively; at this time, the hydraulic system is switched to the arbor (36) for quick clamping.

4. The automatic TBM hob clamping device with wear detection function according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the oil way behind the second reversing valve (30) is provided with a one-way valve, the energy accumulator further comprises a rear-end energy accumulator, and the oil way behind the one-way valve is provided with the rear-end energy accumulator.

5. The automatic TBM hob clamping device with wear detection function according to claim 4, characterized in that: the first reversing valve (32), the second reversing valve (30) and the liquid draining valve are all electromagnetic valves connected with the control unit, and the pressure sensor (29) is connected with the control unit.

6. The automatic TBM hob clamping device with wear detection function according to any one of the claims 1-3, 5, characterized in that: two wear detection heads are arranged on each hob shell (35) and are diagonally arranged relative to the hob (100).

7. The automatic TBM hob clamping device with wear detection function according to claim 6, characterized in that: two pairs of hydraulic cylinders are arranged in each hob shell, each pair of hydraulic cylinders comprises one main hydraulic cylinder and one auxiliary hydraulic cylinder, and the two pairs of hydraulic cylinders are respectively matched with two ends of the cutter shaft (36) in a positioning mode.

8. The automatic TBM hob clamping device with wear detection function according to any one of the claims 1-3, 5, 7, characterized in that: the block (39) comprises a guide part (391) and a claw part (392), the guide part (391) is in plug-in fit with the hob shell (35), the claw part (392) is provided with a tightening groove for clamping the hob shaft (36), the positioning part is a positioning groove, and when the hob (100) is in a clamping state, the hob shaft (36) is clamped between the circular arc groove and the positioning groove.

9. The automatic TBM hob clamping device with wear detection function according to claim 8, characterized in that: the jacking groove is a semicircular arc groove, the positioning groove is a minor arc groove, and when the cutter shaft (36) is clamped and positioned in the hob shell (35), the arc groove and the minor arc groove are concentric.

10. The automatic TBM hob clamping device with wear detection function according to any one of the claims 1-3, 5, 7, 9, characterized in that: the main hydraulic cylinder comprises a main piston rod (37), the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder comprises an auxiliary piston rod (41), a main piston sealing cavity and an auxiliary piston sealing cavity are formed in a hob shell (35), a piston portion of the main piston rod (37) is arranged in the main piston sealing cavity in a sliding sealing mode, a piston portion of the auxiliary piston rod (41) is arranged in the auxiliary piston sealing cavity in a sliding mode, the main return spring (38) and the auxiliary return spring (43) are arranged in a rod cavity of the main hydraulic cylinder, the auxiliary return spring (43) is arranged in a rod cavity of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic control system is communicated with the rod cavity of the main hydraulic cylinder and the rod cavity of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder.

11. The automatic TBM hob clamping device with wear detection function according to claim 10, characterized in that: the main piston rod (37) stretch out the end through main piston rod adapter (42) with shaping piece (39) link to each other, shaping piece (39) include guide part (391) and jack catch portion (392), guide part (391) are pegged graft the cooperation with hobbing cutter casing (35), guide part (391) are provided with two, and two guide parts (391) are symmetrical each other with respect to main piston rod (37), the extension end of vice piston rod (41) pass through auxiliary piston connection earring (40) with shaping piece (39) link to each other.

12. The automatic TBM hob clamping device with wear detection function according to claim 11, characterized in that: the main piston rod adapter (42) is in threaded connection with the main piston rod (37) and the auxiliary piston connecting earrings (40) are in threaded connection with the auxiliary piston rod (41), the main piston rod adapter (42) is connected with the profile block (39) through bolts, and the auxiliary piston connecting earrings (40) are hinged with the profile block (39) through pin shafts.

13. The automatic TBM hob clamping device with wear detection function according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that: the hob comprises a hob body (35), and is characterized in that a wear-resistant guide sleeve (45) is arranged in the hob body (35), a wear-resistant guide sleeve sealing ring (46) is arranged at a port of the wear-resistant guide sleeve (45), and a guide part (391) is in plug-in fit with the hob body (35) through the wear-resistant guide sleeve (45).

14. The automatic TBM hob clamping device with wear detection function according to claim 13, characterized in that: a cross oil duct is arranged in the hob shell (35), three ports of the cross oil duct are respectively communicated with the main hydraulic cylinder, the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder and the wear detection head, and the other port of the cross oil duct is sealed through a sealing bolt (50).