CN114774804B - 一种600hb级热轧低成本耐磨钢板及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种600hb级热轧低成本耐磨钢板及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
- B21B1/463—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a continuous process, i.e. the cast not being cut before rolling
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
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- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种600HB热轧低成本耐磨钢板,化学成分C:0.50~0.60%,Si:1.50~1.80%,Mn:1.50~1.80%,Al:0.015~0.035%,Cr:1.20~1.50%,Ca:0.0010~0.0050%,P:≤0.015%,S:≤0.003%,O:≤0.0015%,N:≤0.0030%,H:≤0.00015%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质元素。其生产工艺步骤是:电炉或转炉炼钢‑>LF精炼‑>VD或RH高真空脱气‑>连铸‑>热送‑>加热‑>轧制‑>空冷。本发明钢板组织为细小均匀的贝氏体组织,晶粒尺寸≤30um;具有优良的综合力学性能,表面布氏硬度570‑630HB;‑20℃夏比V型冲击功≥30J。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于铁基合金钢技术领域,尤其涉及一种600HB级热轧低成本耐磨钢板及其制造方法。
背景技术
耐磨钢板广泛应用于工程机械、矿山采运、道路运输等行业要求强度高、耐磨性好的机械设备关键部件上,如挖掘机挖斗、刮板输送机中部槽、矿用自卸车车斗等等。耐磨钢的耐磨性一般由钢板硬度决定。近年来,国内耐磨钢的研发和应用得到了长足的进展,但硬度主要集中在400-550HB范围内。随着国家各类大型、超大型工程项目的兴起,机械设备逐步向大功率、高速度方向发展,同时面临的工况环境也越来越恶劣,使得设备零部件磨损越来越严重。
中国专利CN102199737A介绍了一种600HB级马氏体耐磨钢板及其制造方法。钢板采用淬火+回火工艺生产,同时为了提高钢板的强韧性和耐磨性能,钢板添加了稀土RE和W等非常规元素,以及Ni和Mo等贵金属元素,导致钢板的成本增加。
中国专利CN104264072B提供了一种高Ti、高V的600HB级马氏体耐磨钢板。Ti含量为0.1~0.2%,V含量为0.06~0.12%。Ti/V碳氮化物的析出可以增加钢板的耐磨性,但会大幅降低钢板的低温冲击韧性。
中国专利CN106498294A介绍了一种低合金马氏体600HB耐磨钢板,由于钢板硬度高,该发明添加了大量的Ni(Ni:1.50~2.50%)和Cu(0.30~0.60%)等贵金属元素来增加钢板的塑韧性,成本昂贵。钢板采用淬火和低温回火工艺生产。
中国发明专利CN104831189A提供了一种非调质600HB耐磨钢板。为提高钢板强度及抗腐蚀性能,该发明添加了极高的Cu含量(1.00~2.00%)。由于Cu是低熔点元素,大量Cu的加入会大幅提高生产过程中出现晶界裂纹的风险。生产方式上,该发明放弃了淬火+回火的传统耐磨钢生产工艺,创新性地采用浇铸钢锭和控轧控冷工艺相结合,节省了淬火成本。但铸锭成材的方式,成材率低,生产效率低,不利于大批量连续生产,将限制该发明的推广。
综上所述,目前涉及600HB耐磨钢的生产技术,主要包括(1)采用马氏体耐磨钢组织设计,结合淬火和低温回火工艺进行生产;(2)通过加入一定量的Ni/Cu等贵金属元素或RE等稀有元素来弥补钢板强硬度增加导致的塑韧性下降。这些成分及工艺设计大大增加了钢板的生产成本,从一定程度上限制了钢板的使用推广。
为了满足耐磨设备大型化、轻量化和长寿命化制造的需求,发展低成本、工艺简单的600HB高级别耐磨钢板势在必行。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对上述现有技术提供一种低成本、工艺简单的600HB热轧低成本耐磨钢板及其制造方法,以满足耐磨设备大型化、轻量化和长寿命化制造的需求。
本发明解决上述问题所采用的技术方案为:一种600HB热轧低成本耐磨钢板,所述钢板的化学成分按质量百分比计为C:0.50~0.60%,Si:1.50~1.80%,Mn:1.50~1.80%,Al:0.015~0.035%,Cr:1.20~1.50%,Ca:0.0010~0.0050%,P:≤0.015%,S:≤0.003%,O:≤0.0015%,N:≤0.0030%,H:≤0.00015%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质元素。
本发明所述600HB耐磨钢板的厚度为≤30mm。
本发明中钢成分的限定理由阐述如下:
C:碳含量决定了钢板的硬度。碳含量低,硬度低、韧性好、焊接性优良;碳含量高,淬火马氏体转变完全,强度高,硬度高,耐磨性好,但钢板塑韧性降低,焊接性差。基于钢板硬度、耐磨性和焊接性需要,本发明中碳含量控制为0.50~0.60%。
Si:硅固溶在铁素体和奥氏体中提高强度和硬度;较高含量的Si可以抑制贝氏体相变过程中渗碳体的形成。利用Si合金化形成的无碳化物贝氏体即可以降低钢中的位错密度,又可以利用无碳化物贝氏体中的残余奥氏体膜降低氢原子在钢中的扩散速率,从而改善600HB高硬度耐磨钢的延迟断裂性能。本发明采用热轧贝氏体组织设计,因此Si含量控制在1.50~1.80%。
Mn:增加奥氏体稳定性,提高钢的淬透性的有效元素,促进贝氏体的形成。过高时有使晶粒粗化的倾向,同时会引起连铸坯偏析、韧性差。本发明限定锰含量加入量介于1.50~1.80%的范围内。
Cr:降低马氏体转变临界冷却速度,提高淬透性。Cr在钢中还可以形成多种碳化物,提高钢的强度、硬度和耐磨性,提高钢的高温回火抗力。Cr还可以增加钢板的耐腐蚀性能,但含量过高会降低钢板的可焊接性,同时在淬火过程中易产生裂纹。故本发明采用中铬设计,含量控制在1.20%~1.50%。
Al:强脱氧元素,同时与N有较强的亲和力,可以消除N元素造成的时效敏感性。N化物的析出起到细化奥氏体晶粒的效果,保护了B元素的淬透性作用。含量过高,容易产生Al2O3等夹杂,降低钢板塑韧性。本发明中,由于钢板强硬度很高,限定加入较低的Al含量,介于0.015~0.035%。
Ca:Ca处理通常用来进行夹杂物变性处理,改变MnS等长条状夹杂物为CaS等球形夹杂物,降低钢板各向异性,提高钢板综合性能。本发明控制Ca含量0.0010~0.0050%。
P、S:有害元素,对材料塑性和韧性有不利影响。本发明追求超纯净钢,严格控制P含量≤0.015%;S含量≤0.0015%。
O、N、H:有害气体元素,含量高,夹杂物多,易产生白点,大大降低钢板塑性、韧性,产生切割延迟裂纹。本发明严格控制O含量不高于0.0015%;N含量不高于0.0035%;H含量≤0.00015%。
本发明另提供上述一种600HB耐磨钢板的制备方法,具体工艺如下:
冶炼、连铸工艺:进行铁水预处理,采用电炉或转炉方式冶炼,然后送入LF精炼炉进行精炼,并经过VD或RH真空处理。为避免真空处理后钢水增H导致H含量超标,严格控制真空处理终点H≤0.00008%。钢水脱气后进行微量Ca处理。连铸采用低过热度浇注,全程氩气保护浇注,以及动态轻压下控制。钢水过热度控制在5~25℃,中心偏析不高于C1.0级。
加热轧制工艺:由于钢板硬度高,淬透性强,为避免冷却后应力裂纹的产生,铸坯采用热送加热方式进行轧钢生产。铸坯连铸后不经缓冷,快速热送进入加热炉,热送温度不得低于300℃。铸坯在加热炉内加热至1150-1250℃,待心部温度到达表面温度时开始保温,保温时间不低于30min,使钢中的合金元素充分固溶以保证最终产品的成份及性能的均匀性。钢坯出炉后经高压水除鳞处理后进行轧制。为细化晶粒,提高强度和韧性,控制轧制压缩比≥4H,其中H为成品厚度。钢板采用高温热轧方式,开轧温度介于1000-1100℃,终轧温度≥900℃。钢板轧制后,快速下线进行堆垛空冷。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
本发明采用采用热轧贝氏体组织设计,通过Si-Mn合金化,Si、Mn含量控制在1.50~1.80%,促进贝氏体的形成,不同于传统低Si、低Mn的马氏体耐磨钢设计思路。钢板应力更低,韧性更好,大幅降低钢板切割加工后裂纹的产生。
本发明取消了Ni、Cu、Mo、Nb、V、Ti、B等元素的加入,仅仅采用Si、Mn、Cr、Al等常规元素,成本更低。
生产工艺上,本发明采用热送热轧,取消了传统马氏体耐磨钢的铸坯缓冷、控轧控冷和淬火+回火的复杂工艺,工艺流程更短,大幅降低了生产成本,加快了生产节奏。
产品性能上,本发明钢板组织为细小均匀的贝氏体组织,晶粒尺寸≤30um;表面布氏硬度570-630HB;-20℃夏比V型冲击功≥40J,表现出良好的低温韧性。
本发明的600HB热轧耐磨钢板综合性能优良,相比现有钢种,合金含量低,添加元素均为常规元素,生产制造工艺控制简单,为社会经济和钢铁工业发展之必然趋势。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1的产品钢典型组织SEM电镜扫描图片(1000X)。
具体实施方式
本发明的600HB耐磨钢的生产工艺流程为:电炉或转炉炼钢->LF精炼->VD或RH高真空脱气->连铸->热送->加热->轧制->空冷
本发明实施例1-2的耐磨钢板的生产方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)冶炼:采用电炉或转炉方式冶炼,然后送入LF精炼炉进行精炼,并经过RH真空处理。RH处理终点H含量控制≤0.00008%。钢水脱气后进行微量Ca处理。钢水化学成分控制见表1。
(2)连铸:将冶炼的钢水浇铸成150mm厚的连铸坯。浇铸温度控制在液相线以上5-25℃。浇铸过程中实施动态轻压下,中心偏析不高于C1.0级。连铸工艺参数及板坯低倍控制见表2。
(3)加热轧制:将步骤(2)所得连铸坯热送至步进式加热炉,热送温度≥300℃。铸坯加热至1150-1250℃,心部到温后开始保温,保温时间60分钟。钢坯出炉后经高压水除鳞处理后进行高温热轧,控制轧制压缩比≥4H,其中H为成品厚度。钢板开轧温度介于1000-1100℃,终轧温度≥900℃。钢板轧制后,快速下线进行堆垛空冷。具体相关工艺参数见表3。
具体成分、工艺参数见表1-表3。各实例样板对应的性能见表4。
图1给出了实施例1试验钢的微观组织照片。成品钢板的微观组织为均一的贝氏体,晶粒细小,尺寸≤30um。
表1实施例耐磨钢板的化学成分(wt%)
表2连铸工艺控制
实施例 | 过热度℃ | 中心偏析 |
1 | 18 | C0.5 |
2 | 20 | C0.5 |
表3轧制工艺控制
表4钢板力学性能
尽管以上详细地描述了本发明的优选实施例,但是应该清楚地理解,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种600HB热轧低成本耐磨钢板的制造方法,其特征在于,所述钢板的化学成分按质量百分比计为C:0.50~0.60%,Si:1.50~1.80%,Mn:1.50~1.80%, Al:0.015~0.035%,Cr:1.20~1.50%,Ca:0.0010~0.0050%,P:≤0.015%,S:≤0.003%,O:≤0.0015%,N:≤0.0030%,H:≤0.00015%,余量为Fe 及不可避免的杂质元素;所述方法具体包括以下步骤:
(1)炼钢连铸:进行铁水预处理,采用电炉或转炉方式冶炼,然后送入LF精炼炉进行精炼,并经过VD或RH真空处理,钢水脱气后进行微量Ca处理;连铸采用低过热度浇注,全程氩气保护浇注,以及动态轻压下控制;
(2)加热轧制:铸坯连铸后无需缓冷,快速热送进入加热炉,铸坯在加热炉内加热至1150-1250℃,待心部温度到达表面温度时开始保温,保温时间不低于30min,钢坯出炉后经高压水除鳞处理后进行轧制;钢板轧制后,快速下线进行堆垛空冷,其中铸坯热送至加热炉的温度不低于300℃;控制轧制压缩比≥4H,其中H为成品厚度;钢板采用高温热轧方式,开轧温度介于1000-1100℃,终轧温度≥900℃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种600HB热轧低成本耐磨钢板的制造方法,其特征值在于:所述钢板组织为细小均匀的贝氏体组织,晶粒尺寸≤30um。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种600HB热轧低成本耐磨钢板的制造方法,其特征值在于:所述钢板的表面布氏硬度在570 - 630HB; -20℃夏比V型冲击功≥40J。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种600HB热轧低成本耐磨钢板的制造方法,其特征在于:所述方法包括电炉或转炉炼钢->LF精炼->VD或RH高真空脱气->连铸->热送->加热->轧制->空冷。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种600HB热轧低成本耐磨钢板的制造方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中真空处理终点H含量≤0.00008%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种600HB热轧低成本耐磨钢板的制造方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中钢水过热度控制在5~25℃,中心偏析不高于C1.0级。
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