CN114773742A - Organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic-inorganic composite heat-insulating material and a preparation method thereof. The organic-inorganic composite heat-insulating material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: expandable organic polymer foam particles: 30% -50%; inorganic heat insulating material powder: 10% -30%; adhesive: 5% -20%; flame retardant: 20 to 50 percent. The preparation method of the organic-inorganic composite heat-insulating material comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the expandable organic polymer foam particles, the inorganic heat-insulating material powder and the flame retardant, adding the adhesive, uniformly mixing, injecting into a mold for foaming and shaping, and curing to obtain the organic-inorganic composite heat-insulating material. The organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material has the advantages of low thermal conductivity, small density, high structural strength, excellent flame retardant property, strong durability, simple preparation process and low production cost, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production and application.

Description

A kind of organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of building thermal insulation materials, in particular to an organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Thermal insulation materials generally guide functional materials with small thermal coefficients, which can be widely used in industrial and building thermal insulation enclosures to play the role of protection, energy saving and consumption reduction. Building energy-saving technology involves many contents and products, and external wall insulation material is one of the most important means to achieve building energy-saving. At present, external wall insulation materials mainly include organic insulation materials (such as EPS, PU, PVC, PF and other foamed plastics) and inorganic insulation materials (such as porous products such as rock wool, foamed glass/ceramic, and foamed concrete). Organic thermal insulation materials have low thermal conductivity and low density, but also have problems such as flammability, easy aging, and easy performance deterioration. Inorganic thermal insulation materials have high strength, good flame retardancy, and excellent durability, but they also have problems such as high hygroscopicity, high density, high thermal conductivity, high energy consumption, and easy generation of dust.

In recent years, in order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of organic thermal insulation materials and inorganic thermal insulation materials, and expand the application scope and field of building thermal insulation materials, researchers have carried out a series of research work, mainly including the following two aspects: 1 ) The inorganic thermal insulation material (for example: cement) is coated on the surface of the organic thermal insulation particle by vacuum infiltration to form an inorganic coating layer. This method can improve the mechanical strength and flame retardant performance of the material to a certain extent, but the inorganic thermal insulation material itself. The thermal conductivity of the obtained organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material is relatively large, which will lead to high thermal conductivity and poor thermal insulation performance of the obtained organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material, and the compatibility between the inorganic coating layer and the organic thermal insulation particles is poor, and the inorganic coating layer is easy to fall off. The structural strength of the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material is low; 2) the porous inorganic thermal insulation material with low thermal conductivity (for example: expanded perlite, glass microbeads, etc.) is added to the organic thermal insulation material to make the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material, This method can improve the mechanical strength of the material to a certain extent and alleviate the problems of easy aging and performance degradation of organic thermal insulation materials. However, porous inorganic thermal insulation materials generally have large cells, wide pore size distribution, strong hygroscopicity, and easy formation of dust. characteristics, and the particle size is coarse and uneven, which will lead to poor overall performance of the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material, and there is an environmental problem (PM2.5). To sum up, the existing organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation materials all have obvious defects, and it is still difficult to meet the needs of practical applications.

Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material with low thermal conductivity, low density, high structural strength, and excellent flame retardancy.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material and a preparation method thereof.

The technical scheme adopted by the present invention is:

An organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material, comprising the following components by mass percentage:

Expandable organic polymer foam particles: 30% to 50%;

Inorganic thermal insulation material powder: 10% to 30%;

Adhesive: 5%～20%;

Flame retardant: 20% to 50%.

Preferably, an organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material includes the following components by mass percentage:

Expandable organic polymer foam particles: 35% to 45%;

Inorganic thermal insulation material powder: 10% to 20%;

Adhesive: 10%～15%;

Flame retardant: 35% to 45%.

If the content of expandable organic polymer foam particles is too low, the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material will have a higher density and a higher thermal conductivity. If the content of expandable organic polymer foam particles is too high, the composite material will have poor flame retardancy, poor resistance The aging performance is poor, so the mass percentage of the expandable organic foamed beads is 35% to 45%.

If the content of the inorganic thermal insulation material powder is too low, the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material still has obvious organic properties (poor flame retardancy), and the mechanical strength is low. If the content of the inorganic thermal insulation material powder is too high, the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material The thermal conductivity is relatively large, so the mass percentage of the inorganic thermal insulation material powder is 10% to 20%.

If the content of the binder is too low, the inorganic and organic substances in the composite system cannot be effectively bonded, and it is easy to fall off. If the content of the binder is too high, the thermal insulation performance of the organic-inorganic composite insulation material is poor, so the The most suitable mass percentage is 10% to 15%.

If the content of flame retardant is too low, the flame retardant performance of the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material is poor and cannot meet the safety requirements. The strength is low, so the mass percentage of the flame retardant is 35% to 45%.

Preferably, the expandable organic polymer foam particles are selected from at least one of polystyrene foam (EPS) particles, polyurethane foam particles, polyvinyl chloride foam (EPE) particles, and phenolic resin (PF) foam particles. There are many closed cells in the expandable organic polymer foam particles. The existence of the pores restricts the movement and diffusion of air molecules, reduces the occurrence of thermal convection, and is also not conducive to heat conduction, making the expandable organic polymer foam particles. The thermal conductivity is small, and the thermal insulation performance is good. In addition, the expandable organic polymer foam particles have high porosity, low density and light weight.

Further preferably, the expandable organic polymer foam particles are polystyrene foam particles with a particle size of 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm and an expansion ratio of 50 to 90 times. Polystyrene foam particles are rigid closed-cell thermal insulation materials with the characteristics of low price, low thermal conductivity, high strength and low density.

Preferably, the inorganic thermal insulation material powder is selected from at least one of cement, gypsum powder, expanded perlite micropowder, expanded microbeads, hydrophobic fumed silica powder, and rock wool powder. The particles of the inorganic thermal insulation material powder are relatively closely arranged and easy to accumulate, so the density is high, which is conducive to heat conduction, the thermal conductivity is high, and the structural strength is also high.

Further preferably, the inorganic heat insulating material powder is a hydrophobic fumed silica powder with a particle size of 30 nm to 50 nm and a BET specific surface area of 120 m ² /g to 180 m ² /g. The hydrophobic fumed silica powder has low density, low thermal conductivity, is not easy to burn, and has good flame retardancy.

Preferably, the adhesive is selected from at least one of epoxy resin (EP), melamine formaldehyde resin (MF), urea formaldehyde resin (UF), and vinyl perchloride resin (CPVC).

Further preferably, the adhesive is epoxy resin. In consideration of curing time, curing temperature, bond strength, heat resistance, aging resistance and cost, epoxy resin is the most suitable choice.

Preferably, the flame retardant is selected from at least one of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), tributyl phosphate (TBP), expandable graphite, triphenyl phosphate (TPP), magnesium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide.

Further preferably, the flame retardant is selected from at least one of ammonium polyphosphate, expandable graphite, and magnesium hydroxide.

The preparation method of the above-mentioned organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material includes the following steps: mixing the expandable organic polymer foam particles, the inorganic thermal insulation material powder and the flame retardant uniformly, adding a binder and mixing uniformly, and then injecting into a mold for foaming and heating. After shaping and then curing, the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material is obtained.

Preferably, the mixing method is mechanical stirring, and the rotating speed of the mixer is 300r/min～800r/min.

Preferably, the foaming is carried out at 90-110°C, and the foaming time is 3h-6h.

Preferably, the curing is carried out at normal temperature, and the curing time is 20h-36h.

Principle of the present invention:

1) The expandable organic polymer foam particles and the inorganic thermal insulation material powder act synergistically to learn from each other's strengths and make up for their shortcomings to exert their maximum effect. The performance is easy to deteriorate, flammable and other problems. Inorganic thermal insulation material powder (for example: hydrophobic fumed silica powder) has high structural strength, good flame retardancy, low thermal conductivity and low density. Mixing the two in a certain proportion can be achieved. Complementary advantages;

2) The flame retardant makes the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material not only have excellent thermal insulation performance, but also has excellent flame retardant function through the functions of heat absorption, forming a covering layer on the surface and producing non-combustible gas barrier;

3) Adhesives (for example: epoxy resin) are usually divided into A material and B material. When A material and B material are mixed, a cross-linking chemical reaction occurs, and the linear polymer is converted into a network three-dimensional polymer. The aggregate (inorganic thermal insulation material coated with organic thermal insulation material beads) aggregate is enveloped in the mesh body, so that the solidified and formed organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material with high structural strength can be obtained.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material of the present invention has low thermal conductivity, low density, high structural strength, excellent flame retardant performance, strong durability, simple preparation process, low production cost, and is suitable for large-scale production. Scale industrial production application.

Specifically:

1) The organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material of the present invention has the advantages of low thermal conductivity and low density of the organic thermal insulation material, high structural strength and good durability of the inorganic thermal insulation material (complementary advantages and mutual elimination of disadvantages), light weight, thermal insulation performance Good, high structural strength, excellent flame retardant performance, strong durability, suitable for building exterior wall insulation;

2) The present invention firmly combines the organic thermal insulation material and the inorganic thermal insulation material with the adhesive, thereby solving the problem of poor compatibility between the organic thermal insulation material and the inorganic thermal insulation material;

3) In the present invention, the beads of the organic heat insulating material are coated by the inorganic heat insulating material, and the force between the organic-inorganic components is strong, the problem of the coating layer falling off is not easy to occur, and the durability of the material is strong.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a SEM image of the organic heat insulating material of Comparative Example 1. FIG.

FIG. 2 is a SEM image of the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 2. FIG.

FIG. 3 is a SEM image of the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material of Example 1. FIG.

4 is the TG curve of the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material of Example 1, the organic thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 1, and the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 2.

5 is the DTG curves of the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material of Example 1, the organic thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 1, and the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 2.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further explained and illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

The polystyrene foam particles and hydrophobic fumed silica powder in Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were placed in a blast drying oven at 60° C. for 12 hours before use.

Example 1:

An organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

1) Combine 40g of polystyrene foam particles (manufacturer: Dongguan Shengsuhao Plastic Materials Co., Ltd.; product model: Delta EPS) and 15g of hydrophobic fumed silica powder (manufacturer: Yichang Huifu Silicon Material Co., Ltd. Company; product model: HL150) and 40g of ammonium polyphosphate (manufacturer: Hefei Wanran New Material Technology Co., Ltd.; product model: 68333-79-9), and then mechanically stirred at room temperature. The speed of the mixer is 300r/min , to obtain a solid mixture;

2) Mix 6g each of material A and material B of epoxy resin (manufacturer: Shenzhen Xinlida Industrial Rubber Materials Co., Ltd.; product model: E07AB) evenly to obtain an adhesive mixture;

3) Slowly add the binder mixture into the solid mixture, and perform mechanical stirring at room temperature. The rotating speed of the mixer is 800r/min. After mixing the materials evenly, inject them into a self-made square mold with a size of 160mm×110mm×40mm. It was then placed in a blast drying oven, heated at 100° C. for 5 hours, and then aged at room temperature for 30 hours to obtain an organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material.

Example 2:

An organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

1) Combine 40g of polystyrene foam particles (manufacturer: Dongguan Shengsuhao Plastic Materials Co., Ltd.; product model: Delta EPS) and 15g of hydrophobic fumed silica powder (manufacturer: Yichang Huifu Silicon Material Co., Ltd. Company; product model: HL150), 30g of ammonium polyphosphate (manufacturer: Hefei Wanran New Material Technology Co., Ltd.; product model: 68333-79-9) and 10g of magnesium hydroxide (manufacturer: Hefei Wanran New Material Technology Co., Ltd.; product model: 1309-42-8) After mixing, mechanically stir at room temperature, and the rotational speed of the mixer is 300 r/min to obtain a solid mixture;

2) Mix 6g each of material A and material B of epoxy resin (manufacturer: Shenzhen Xinlida Industrial Rubber Materials Co., Ltd.; product model: E07AB) evenly to obtain an adhesive mixture;

3) Slowly add the binder mixture into the solid mixture, and perform mechanical stirring at room temperature. The rotating speed of the mixer is 800r/min. After mixing the materials evenly, inject them into a self-made square mold with a size of 160mm×110mm×40mm. It was then placed in a blast drying oven, heated at 100° C. for 5 hours, and then aged at room temperature for 30 hours to obtain an organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material.

Example 3:

An organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

1) Combine 40g of polystyrene foam particles (manufacturer: Dongguan Shengsuhao Plastic Materials Co., Ltd.; product model: Delta EPS) and 15g of hydrophobic fumed silica powder (manufacturer: Yichang Huifu Silicon Material Co., Ltd. Company; product model: HL150) and 30g of ammonium polyphosphate (manufacturer: Hefei Wanran New Material Technology Co., Ltd.; product model: 68333-79-9) and then mechanically stirred at room temperature, the speed of the mixer is 300r/min , to obtain a solid mixture;

2) Mix 6g each of material A and material B of epoxy resin (manufacturer: Shenzhen Xinlida Industrial Rubber Materials Co., Ltd.; product model: E07AB) evenly to obtain an adhesive mixture;

3) Slowly add the binder mixture into the solid mixture, and perform mechanical stirring at room temperature. The rotating speed of the mixer is 800r/min. After mixing the materials evenly, inject them into a self-made square mold with a size of 160mm×110mm×40mm. It was then placed in a blast drying oven, heated at 100° C. for 5 hours, and then aged at room temperature for 30 hours to obtain an organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material.

Example 4:

An organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

1) Combine 40g of polystyrene foam particles (manufacturer: Dongguan Shengsuhao Plastic Materials Co., Ltd.; product model: Delta EPS) and 15g of hydrophobic fumed silica powder (manufacturer: Yichang Huifu Silicon Material Co., Ltd. Company; product model: HL150), 20g of ammonium polyphosphate (manufacturer: Hefei Wanran New Material Technology Co., Ltd.; product model: 68333-79-9) and 10g of magnesium hydroxide (manufacturer: Hefei Wanran New Material Technology Co., Ltd.; product model: 1309-42-8) After mixing, mechanically stir at room temperature, and the rotational speed of the mixer is 300 r/min to obtain a solid mixture;

2) Mix 6g each of material A and material B of epoxy resin (manufacturer: Shenzhen Xinlida Industrial Rubber Materials Co., Ltd.; product model: E07AB) evenly to obtain an adhesive mixture;

3) Slowly add the binder mixture into the solid mixture, and perform mechanical stirring at room temperature. The rotating speed of the mixer is 800r/min. After mixing the materials evenly, inject them into a self-made square mold with a size of 160mm×110mm×40mm. It was then placed in a blast drying oven, heated at 100° C. for 5 hours, and then aged at room temperature for 30 hours to obtain an organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material.

Example 5:

An organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

1) Combine 42g of polystyrene foam particles (manufacturer: Dongguan Shengsuhao Plastic Materials Co., Ltd.; product model: Delta EPS) and 15g of hydrophobic fumed silica powder (manufacturer: Yichang Huifu Silicon Material Co., Ltd. Company; product model: HL150) and 50g of ammonium polyphosphate (manufacturer: Hefei Wanran New Material Technology Co., Ltd.; product model: 68333-79-9) and mechanically stirred at room temperature after mixing, the speed of the mixer is 300r/min , to obtain a solid mixture;

2) Mix 6g each of material A and material B of epoxy resin (manufacturer: Shenzhen Xinlida Industrial Rubber Materials Co., Ltd.; product model: E07AB) evenly to obtain an adhesive mixture;

3) Slowly add the binder mixture into the solid mixture, and perform mechanical stirring at room temperature. The rotating speed of the mixer is 800r/min. After mixing the materials evenly, inject them into a self-made square mold with a size of 160mm×110mm×40mm. It was then placed in a blast drying oven, heated at 100° C. for 5 hours, and then aged at room temperature for 30 hours to obtain an organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material.

Example 6:

An organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

1) Combine 40g of polystyrene foam particles (manufacturer: Dongguan Shengsuhao Plastic Materials Co., Ltd.; product model: Delta EPS) and 12g of hydrophobic fumed silica powder (manufacturer: Yichang Huifu Silicon Material Co., Ltd. Company; product model: HL150) and 40g of ammonium polyphosphate (manufacturer: Hefei Wanran New Material Technology Co., Ltd.; product model: 68333-79-9), and then mechanically stirred at room temperature. The speed of the mixer is 300r/min , to obtain a solid mixture;

2) Mix 6g each of material A and material B of epoxy resin (manufacturer: Shenzhen Xinlida Industrial Rubber Materials Co., Ltd.; product model: E07AB) evenly to obtain an adhesive mixture;

3) Slowly add the binder mixture into the solid mixture, and perform mechanical stirring at room temperature. The rotating speed of the mixer is 800r/min. After mixing the materials evenly, inject them into a self-made square mold with a size of 160mm×110mm×40mm. It was then placed in a blast drying oven, heated at 100° C. for 5 hours, and then aged at room temperature for 30 hours to obtain an organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material.

Example 7:

An organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

1) Combine 40g of polystyrene foam particles (manufacturer: Dongguan Shengsuhao Plastic Materials Co., Ltd.; product model: Delta EPS) and 20g of hydrophobic fumed silica powder (manufacturer: Yichang Huifu Silicon Material Co., Ltd. Company; product model: HL150) and 40g of ammonium polyphosphate (manufacturer: Hefei Wanran New Material Technology Co., Ltd.; product model: 68333-79-9), and then mechanically stirred at room temperature. The speed of the mixer is 300r/min , to obtain a solid mixture;

2) Mix 6g each of material A and material B of epoxy resin (manufacturer: Shenzhen Xinlida Industrial Rubber Materials Co., Ltd.; product model: E07AB) evenly to obtain an adhesive mixture;

3) Slowly add the binder mixture into the solid mixture, and perform mechanical stirring at room temperature. The rotating speed of the mixer is 800r/min. After mixing the materials evenly, inject them into a self-made square mold with a size of 160mm×110mm×40mm. It was then placed in a blast drying oven, heated at 100° C. for 5 hours, and then aged at room temperature for 30 hours to obtain an organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material.

Example 8:

An organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

1) Combine 40g of polystyrene foam particles (manufacturer: Dongguan Shengsuhao Plastic Materials Co., Ltd.; product model: Delta EPS) and 15g of hydrophobic fumed silica powder (manufacturer: Yichang Huifu Silicon Material Co., Ltd. Company; product model: HL150) and 40g of ammonium polyphosphate (manufacturer: Hefei Wanran New Material Technology Co., Ltd.; product model: 68333-79-9), and then mechanically stirred at room temperature. The speed of the mixer is 300r/min , to obtain a solid mixture;

2) Mix 7.5g each of material A and material B of epoxy resin (manufacturer: Shenzhen Xinlida Industrial Rubber Materials Co., Ltd.; product model: E07AB) to obtain an adhesive mixture;

3) Slowly add the binder mixture into the solid mixture, and perform mechanical stirring at room temperature. The rotating speed of the mixer is 800r/min. After mixing the materials evenly, inject them into a self-made square mold with a size of 160mm×110mm×40mm. It was then placed in a blast drying oven, heated at 100° C. for 5 hours, and then aged at room temperature for 30 hours to obtain an organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material.

Comparative Example 1:

A kind of organic thermal insulation material, its preparation method comprises the following steps:

1) Mix 6g each of material A and material B of epoxy resin (manufacturer: Shenzhen Xinlida Industrial Rubber Materials Co., Ltd.; product model: E07AB) evenly to obtain an adhesive mixture;

2) Slowly add the adhesive mixture into 50g of polystyrene foam particles (manufacturer: Dongguan Shengsuhao Plastic Materials Co., Ltd.; product model: Delta EPS), and perform mechanical stirring at room temperature. The rotating speed of the mixer is 800r/min, the materials are mixed evenly and then injected into a self-made square mold with a size of 160mm × 110mm × 40mm, and then placed in a blast drying oven, heated at 100 ° C for 4 hours, and then cured at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain organic thermal insulation materials.

Comparative Example 2:

An organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

1) Combine 50g of polystyrene foam particles (manufacturer: Dongguan Shengsuhao Plastic Materials Co., Ltd.; product model: Delta EPS) and 15g of hydrophobic fumed silica powder (manufacturer: Yichang Huifu Silicon Material Co., Ltd. Company; product model: HL150) after mixing, perform mechanical stirring at room temperature, and the rotating speed of the mixer is 300r/min to obtain a solid mixture;

2) Mix 6g each of material A and material B of epoxy resin (manufacturer: Shenzhen Xinlida Industrial Rubber Materials Co., Ltd.; product model: E07AB) evenly to obtain an adhesive mixture;

3) Slowly add the binder mixture into the solid mixture, and perform mechanical stirring at room temperature. The rotating speed of the mixer is 800r/min. After mixing the materials evenly, inject them into a self-made square mold with a size of 160mm×110mm×40mm. It was then placed in a blast drying oven, heated at 100° C. for 4 hours, and then aged at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain an organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material.

Performance Testing:

1) The organic thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 1, the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 2 and the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material of Example 1 were compared using the S-3700N scanning electron microscope of Hitachi, Japan. (test conditions: acceleration voltage 15kV, low vacuum range 6Pa-270Pa), and the obtained scanning electron microscope (SEM) images are shown in Figures 1-3 in turn.

It can be seen from Figure 1 that the microscopic morphology of the polystyrene foam particles is a closed cell structure, which makes the interior of the foam filled with gas and not connected to each other, which reduces the thermal convection inside the material, so its thermal conductivity is low.

It can be seen from Figure 2 that the hydrophobic fumed silica powder is uniformly attached to the cell structure of the polystyrene foam particles, which is beneficial to improve the flame retardant performance of the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material and retard the progress of the combustion process.

It can be seen from Figure 3 that the hydrophobic fumed silica powder and ammonium polyphosphate powder are uniformly attached to the cell structure of the polystyrene foam particles. During the combustion process, the ammonium polyphosphate is thermally decomposed into carbon and non-combustible gas, effectively blocking the The occurrence of the combustion process is greatly improved, and the flame retardant performance of the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material is greatly improved.

2) The thermal stability of the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material of Example 1, the organic thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 1 and the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 2 was analyzed by using a TG209F1 thermogravimetric analyzer from NETZSCH, Germany. (Test process: Weigh a sample of no less than 50mg in a crucible, under nitrogen protection, the heating rate is 10℃/min, and the test temperature range is 30℃～800℃), the thermogravimetric (TG) curve obtained from the test is shown in the figure 4, the differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curve is shown in Figure 5.

It can be seen from Figure 4 and Figure 5 that:

a) The organic thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 1 is made of polystyrene foam particles and epoxy resin glue, which firstly shows a rapid mass loss at 364.0 °C, indicating that at this temperature, the polystyrene foam particles and epoxy resin glue When the decomposition temperature is 800 ℃, the decomposition of polystyrene foam particles and epoxy resin is basically completed, and the undecomposed carbon is 2.34%;

b) The composition of the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 2, in addition to polystyrene foam particles and epoxy resin glue, also includes hydrophobic fumed silica powder, which firstly showed rapid mass loss at 374.8°C, while The residual mass at 800°C is 57.25%, mainly undecomposed hydrophobic fumed silica powder, which indicates that the addition of hydrophobic fumed silica powder improves the thermal stability of the material, and its TG curve shifts to high temperature, which is mainly It is due to the high thermal stability of the hydrophobic fumed silica powder itself, and the fact that the hydrophobic fumed silica powder is attached to the cell structure of the polystyrene foam particles, forming a strong interface between each other and inhibiting the thermal insulation. caused by thermal vibration of the material;

c) The organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material of Example 1 is based on the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 2, and the flame retardant ammonium polyphosphate is added, which shows a rapid mass loss at 305.6 ° C for the first time, indicating that the polymer Ammonium phosphate is easier to decompose than polystyrene foam particles and epoxy resin, and a multi-stage mass loss process is observed. Compared with the organic thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 1, its mass loss process is slowed down and its thermal stability is improved. The residual mass was 39.05%, which further indicated that the addition of ammonium polyphosphate could improve the thermal stability of the material.

3) The density, thermal conductivity and oxygen index test results of the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation materials of Examples 1 to 8, the organic thermal insulation materials of Comparative Example 1 and the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation materials of Comparative Example 2 are shown in the following table:

Table 1 Density, thermal conductivity and oxygen index test results

Note:

Density: Weigh the mass m of the molded sample to be tested with an electronic analytical balance, measure the length, width, and height of the sample to be tested with a ruler, and use the measured length, width, and height of the sample to calculate the mass of the sample to be tested. Volume V, and finally use the formula ρ=m/V to calculate the density ρ of the sample to be tested, in order to measure accurately, take the average value of multiple measurements;

Thermal conductivity: The thermal conductivity of the material is measured by the transient plane heat source method. The instrument used is a thermal constant analyzer (produced by Hot Disk, Sweden, model: TPS2500S), and a 5465 type polyimide film probe is selected. The probe radius: 3.189mm, Before the test, the molded material sample was divided into two sections, and then the 5465 probe was sandwiched between the two samples. After setting the test parameters, the measurement was carried out. In order to obtain more accurate data, three samples were taken on both sides of the sample. Each point is measured three times, and the measurement results are averaged to obtain the thermal conductivity of the sample;

Oxygen index: FTA-SC48 oxygen index tester of British FTT Company was used to test the limiting oxygen index of the sample, and the test was carried out according to the ASTM D2836-74 standard. The size of the sample strip was 150mm×10mm×10mm, and 5 sample strips were prepared for each sample. , the test results are averaged.

It can be seen from Table 1 that:

a) With the increase of the total mass of raw materials, the density of the obtained thermal insulation material gradually increases, but the density of the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation materials in Examples 1 to 8 is below 180kg/m ³ , all of which meet the requirements of practical applications ;

b) The organic thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 1 and the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 2 have low density (<100kg/m ³ ) and low thermal conductivity (<0.04W/(m·K)), indicating that inorganic, The organic foam insulation material itself has low density and thermal conductivity, and has excellent thermal insulation performance, but the oxygen index of the organic thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 1 and the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 2 are both low, which are flammable material (oxygen index < 22%), even with the addition of hydrophobic fumed silica powder, the oxygen index increased only slightly, indicating that hydrophobic fumed silica powder has limited improvement in the flame retardancy of polystyrene foam particles, requiring additional flame retardant;

c) The thermal conductivity of the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation materials of Examples 1 to 8 has a positive correlation with its density, which may be related to its internal porosity. The higher the material density, the smaller its internal porosity, which limits the thermal convection inside the material Therefore, the thermal conductivity of the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation materials of Examples 1 to 8 is all below 0.049W/(m·K), showing excellent thermal insulation performance;

d) The oxygen index of the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation materials (with flame retardants added) of Examples 1 to 3 and 5 to 8 are all greater than 31%, which is much higher than that of the organic thermal insulation materials of Comparative Example 1 (without flame retardants added). ) and the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 2 (without adding flame retardant), the flame retardant performance is significantly increased, and it is a flame retardant material (oxygen index is greater than 27%), and the oxygen index of the material is the same as that of the flame retardant in the material. It is related to the mass percentage. The higher the mass percentage of ammonium polyphosphate (or mixed flame retardant) in the raw material, the greater the oxygen index of the obtained thermal insulation material and the better the flame retardant performance. In addition, the organic flame retardant ammonium polyphosphate The flame retardant effect is better than that of the inorganic flame retardant magnesium hydroxide (for example: Example 1 is compared with Example 2, Example 3 is compared with Example 4, it can be seen from the data in the table, Examples 1, 5 and 6-8 The oxygen index is above 40%, which can reach A-level flame retardant grade, and the use safety is good).

4) The test results of the mechanical properties of the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation materials of Examples 1 to 8, the organic thermal insulation materials of Comparative Example 1 and the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation materials of Comparative Example 2 are shown in the following table:

Table 2 Mechanical properties test results

Note:

The mechanical properties of the material were tested using the universal testing machine (AG-IC 50kN) of Shimadzu Electronics, respectively, in accordance with GB-T 8812.2-2007 Determination of the bending properties of rigid foam plastics, Part 2: Bending strength and surface bending elasticity Determination of modulus, GBT6344-2008 Determination of tensile strength and elongation at break of flexible foamed polymeric materials, GBT8813-2008 Determination of compression properties of rigid foamed plastics Prepare test sample strips, and refer to the test methods in the test standard Test the mechanical properties of the samples.

It can be seen from Table 2 that:

a) Compared with the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 2 (added with hydrophobic fumed silica powder), the flexural strength and tensile strength of the organic thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 1 increased, while the elongation at break decreased slightly , indicating that hydrophobic fumed silica powder can enhance the mechanical properties of polystyrene foam particles;

b) Compared with the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 2, the compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength of the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation materials (with flame retardants added) of Examples 1 to 8 are reduced, indicating that the flame retardant The addition of flame retardants will affect the mechanical properties of the material to a certain extent, but despite this, the mechanical properties of the thermal insulation materials with flame retardants are still greater than the requirements for the mechanical properties of Class A flame retardant materials;

In summary, the addition of hydrophobic fumed silica powder helps to improve the mechanical properties of the material, while the addition of flame retardants can significantly improve the flame retardant properties of the material, but it will have a certain impact on the mechanical properties of the material.

The above-mentioned embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, The simplification should be equivalent replacement manners, which are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. an organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material, is characterized in that, comprises the component of following mass percentage: Expandable organic polymer foam particles: 30% to 50%; Inorganic thermal insulation material powder: 10% to 30%; Adhesive: 5%～20%; Flame retardant: 20% to 50%. 2. The organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following components by mass percentage: Expandable organic polymer foam particles: 35% to 45%; Inorganic thermal insulation material powder: 10% to 20%; Adhesive: 10%～15%; Flame retardant: 35% to 45%. 3. The organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the expandable organic polymer foam particles are selected from the group consisting of polystyrene foam particles, polyurethane foam particles, polyvinyl chloride foam particles, phenolic foam particles At least one of resin foam particles. 4 . The organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material according to claim 3 , wherein the expandable organic polymer foam particles are polystyrene with a particle size of 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm and a foaming ratio of 50 to 90 times. 5 . foam particles. 5. The organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the inorganic thermal insulation material powder is selected from the group consisting of cement, gypsum powder, expanded perlite micropowder, expanded microbeads, hydrophobic fumed silica At least one of powder and rock wool powder. 6 . The organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material according to claim 5 , wherein the inorganic thermal insulation material powder is a hydrophobic gas-phase two-phase material with a particle size of 30 nm to 50 nm and a BET specific surface area of 120 m ² /g to 180 m ² /g. 7 . Silicon oxide powder. 7. The organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the adhesive is selected from at least one of epoxy resins, melamine formaldehyde resins, urea formaldehyde resins, and perchlorinated vinyl resins; The flame retardant is selected from at least one of ammonium polyphosphate, tributyl phosphate, expandable graphite, triphenyl phosphate, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide. 8. The method for preparing an organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: mixing expandable organic polymer foam particles, inorganic thermal insulation material powder and flame retardant After adding the binder, the mixture is evenly mixed, and then injected into the mold for foaming and shaping, and then curing to obtain the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material. 9 . The preparation method of the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material according to claim 8 , wherein the foaming is carried out at 90-110° C., and the foaming time is 3h-6h. 10 . 10 . The preparation method of the organic-inorganic composite thermal insulation material according to claim 8 or 9 , wherein the curing is carried out at normal temperature, and the curing time is 20h-36h. 11 .

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