CN114769615A - Method for metal 3D printing of unsupported structure - Google Patents
Method for metal 3D printing of unsupported structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN114769615A CN114769615A CN202210070184.3A CN202210070184A CN114769615A CN 114769615 A CN114769615 A CN 114769615A CN 202210070184 A CN202210070184 A CN 202210070184A CN 114769615 A CN114769615 A CN 114769615A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for printing a non-support structure by metal 3D, which is characterized in that according to the suspended structure characteristics of a workpiece and progressive stress accumulation in the printing process, a transition layer for overcoming the stress accumulation is designed at the suspended structure position, the transition layer is used as one part of the printing workpiece, and the printing workpiece comprises a workpiece body and the transition layer; through 3D printing equipment, the printing sequence of each region of the workpiece is adjusted, the forming is realized according to the sequence of the workpiece body firstly and the transition layer secondly, and the transition layer printing mode adopts a long-vector sintering mode. The addition of cancellation support has reduced the printing cost, and the printing end need not to get rid of the support, has removed this process of support from. In addition, the existing part which can not be added with a support and formed once can be directly formed, so that the printing cost is reduced, the machining allowance is reduced, and the delivery cycle of the workpiece is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a 3D printing technology, in particular to a method for 3D printing of a metal unsupported structure.
Background
The 3D printing technology is widely applied to various aspects such as medical treatment, fashion, industry, aerospace and the like. The metal 3D printing technology has been deeply applied in the field of mold industry. Metal 3D printing requires complete melting of the metal powder to directly shape the metal part, thus requiring a high power laser as an energy source. Before the laser starts scanning, metal powder is laid on the printing substrate, and then the laser beam selectively melts the powder on the substrate according to the contour information of the current layer to process the shape of the current layer. And (4) continuing the printing task of the next layer thickness when the current layer is finished, and processing layer by layer until the whole part is processed. Due to this special forming process, the workpiece undergoes multiple rapid cooling and heating in the forming process, and the residual thermal stress inside the workpiece is large.
According to the principle of gravity, if an object is suspended with a certain face at an angle greater than 45 degrees from the vertical, a fall may occur. For 3D printing, the 45 ° rule still exists. Although a certain adhesion property can appear after the metal material is melted in the printing process, the printing difficulty of the 45-degree suspension structure is aggravated by the thermal stress and deformation of the workpiece, and when the suspension structure is seriously collapsed and deformed in the printing process, the forming failure is formed. At present, aiming at collapse in the cantilever structure process, the adopted method is to add a support structure below a cantilever to assist in forming. And after the workpiece is formed, removing the support structure. The addition of the support can greatly ensure the forming of parts, but also increase the printing cost of workpieces. In addition, the removal of the support takes a considerable time and cost. Finally, some cantilever structures cannot add support, and according to the principle of 45 ° law, these features which cannot add support must be abandoned or modified, for example, the feature angle is adjusted to 50 °, and finally the feature of the part is corrected by machining.
Disclosure of Invention
The method for printing the non-support structure in the metal 3D mode is provided aiming at the problems that a structural workpiece with a cantilever angle smaller than 45 degrees exists in a metal 3D printing structure, the forming requirement is met in a mode of adding supports or modifying the characteristic angle of the cantilever, and time and materials are consumed.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for metal 3D printing of a non-support structure specifically comprises the following steps:
1) structural design: according to the suspension structure characteristics of the workpiece and progressive stress accumulation in the printing process, a transition layer for overcoming the stress accumulation is designed at the suspension structure position, the transition layer is used as a part of the printed workpiece, and the printed workpiece comprises a workpiece body and the transition layer;
2) setting printing parameters:
the printing power of the transition layer is 100-300W, the printing speed is 1000-2000 mm/s, and the scanning interval is 0.06-0.12 mm;
3) forming a workpiece:
through 3D printing equipment, adjust the printing order in each region of work piece, realize the shaping according to the order of work piece body earlier, later transition layer in proper order, base plate heating temperature is 150 ~ 200 ℃.
Further, the transition layer printing mode adopts a long vector sintering mode.
Furthermore, the included angle between the suspended structure in the suspended workpiece and the printing substrate is theta, the number of the transition layers is more than or equal to 1, and the smaller the suspension angle is, the more the number of the transition layers is.
Further, when the number of the transition layers is larger than 1, the transition layers at the farthest ends of the cantilevers are printed sequentially from inside to outside, and the first transition layer closest to the edge structure is printed finally.
The utility model provides a metal 3D prints no bearing structure, removes to print the work piece body, still includes the transition layer, and the contained angle of suspended structure and printing base plate is theta in the suspended work piece, and the suspended structure position inwards has more than or equal to 1 transition layer along with the body structural design, the thickness scope of transition layer is 0.5mm ~ 3 mm.
Preferably, when the overhang angle is larger than or equal to 30 degrees, the number of the transition layers is set to be 1, and the thickness of the transition layers is 0.5-1.5 mm.
Preferably, when the overhang angle is more than 30 degrees and less than or equal to 20 degrees, the number of the transition layers is set to be 2-3, the transition layer closest to the edge is a first transition layer, and the transition layers far away from the edge of the cantilever are a second transition layer and a third transition layer in sequence; the thickness of the first transition layer is 0.5-1.0 mm, the thickness of the second transition layer is set to be 1.0-1.5 mm, and the thickness of the third transition layer is set to be 1.0-1.5 mm.
Preferably, when the suspension angle is more than 20 degrees and less than or equal to 10 degrees, the number of the transition layers is set to be 4-5, the transition layer closest to the edge is a first transition layer, and the transition layers far away from the edge of the cantilever are a second transition layer, a third transition layer, a fourth transition layer and a fifth transition layer in sequence; the thickness of the first transition layer is 0.5-1.0 mm, the thickness of the second transition layer is set to be 0.5-1.0 mm, the thickness of the third transition layer is set to be 1.0-1.5 mm, the thickness of the fourth transition layer is set to be 1.0-1.5 mm, and the thickness of the fifth transition layer is set to be 1.0-1.5 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method for metal 3D printing of the non-support structure, the addition of the support is cancelled, the printing cost is reduced, the support does not need to be removed after the printing is finished, and the process of removing the support is omitted. In addition, the existing part which can not be supported and formed at one time can be directly formed, so that the printing cost is reduced, the machining allowance is reduced, and the lead time of the workpiece is shortened.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for 3D printing a free-standing metal structure according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view-front view of a transition layer in the method for metal 3D printing of a free-standing structure according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a flow chart of a method for metal 3D printing of a non-support structure specifically includes the following steps:
1. the structure design:
and designing a transition layer with a certain thickness according to the structural characteristics of the suspended piece. The workpiece shown in fig. 2 has an included angle theta between the suspended structure and the printing substrate, and the suspended position is divided into a multi-part transition structure in order to ensure the normal forming of the workpiece, and the transition layer is used as a part of the printing workpiece. The transition layer has a certain thickness, and the thickness range is 0.5 mm-3 mm. The number of the transition layers is more than or equal to 1, and the smaller the suspension angle is, the more the number of the transition layers is.
The transition layer reduces the influence of printing stress on a formed entity of the lower layer, ensures self forming and reduces the accumulation of the printing stress. The structure of the transition layer is designed along with the shape of a workpiece, the number of the transition layers is 1 when the suspension angle is more than or equal to 30 degrees, and the thickness of the transition layers is 0.5-1.5 mm; when the overhang angle is more than 30 degrees and less than or equal to 20 degrees, 2-3 transition layers can be set, the transition layer closest to the edge is the transition layer 1, the transition layers far away from the edge of the cantilever are 2 and 3 in sequence, the thickness of the transition layer 1 is 0.5-1.0 mm, the thickness of the transition layer 2 is 1.0-1.5 mm, and the thickness of the transition layer 3 is 1.0-1.5 mm; when the suspension angle is more than 20 degrees and less than or equal to 10 degrees, 4-5 transition layers can be set, the transition layer closest to the edge is the transition layer 1, the transition layers far away from the edge of the cantilever are 2, 3, 4 and 5 in sequence, the thickness of the transition layer 1 is 0.5-1.0 mm, the thickness of the transition layer 2 is 0.5-1.0 mm, the thickness of the transition layer 3 is 1.0-1.5 mm, the thickness of the transition layer 4 is 1.0-1.5 mm, and the thickness of the transition layer 5 is 1.0-1.5 mm; when the number of the transition layers is more than 1, the overlapping area between the transition layers is 0.1-0.4 mm.
2. Setting printing parameters:
the printing power of the transition layer is 100-300W, the printing speed is 1000-2000 mm/s, and the scanning interval is 0.06-0.12 mm.
When the number of the transition layers is 1, the printing power of the transition layers is 150-220W, the printing speed is 1200-2000 mm/s, and the scanning interval is 0.08-0.10 mm; when the number of the transition layers is more than 1, the energy density of the transition layer 1 needs to be the lowest, the energy density of the transition layer 2 is higher than that of the transition layer 1, the energy density of the transition layer 3 is higher than that of the transition layer 2, and so on.
The transition layer parameters and the printing mode adopt a long vector sintering mode.
3. Workpiece forming
Through 3D printing equipment, adjust the printing order in each region of work piece, realize the shaping according to the order of work piece body first, back transition layer in proper order. The heating temperature of the substrate is 150-200 ℃.
And the sintering sequence of the transition layers is that when the number of the transition layers is more than 1, the printing sequence starts from the farthest end of the cantilever to the sequence of the transition layers 1 in sequence.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not to be understood as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for metal 3D printing of a non-support structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the structure design: designing a transition layer for overcoming stress accumulation at the suspended structure position according to the suspended structure characteristics of the workpiece and progressive stress accumulation in the printing process, wherein the transition layer is used as one part of the printing workpiece, and the printing workpiece comprises a workpiece body and the transition layer;
2) setting printing parameters:
the printing power of the transition layer is 100-300W, the printing speed is 1000-2000 mm/s, and the scanning interval is 0.06-0.12 mm;
3) forming a workpiece:
through 3D printing equipment, adjust the printing order in each region of work piece, realize the shaping according to the order of work piece body earlier, later transition layer in proper order, base plate heating temperature is 150 ~ 200 ℃.
2. The method for metal 3D printing of a free-standing structure according to claim 1, wherein the transition layer is printed by means of long-vector sintering.
3. The method for metal 3D printing of a free-standing structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an included angle between the suspended structure and the printing substrate in the suspended workpiece is theta, the number of the transition layers is greater than or equal to 1, and the smaller the suspension angle is, the greater the number of the transition layers is.
4. The method for metal 3D printing of a free-standing structure according to claim 3, wherein when the number of transition layers is greater than 1, the transition layer farthest from the cantilever is printed sequentially from the inside to the outside, and the first transition layer closest to the edge structure is printed finally.
5. The utility model provides a metal 3D prints no bearing structure which characterized in that removes the printing work piece body, still includes the transition layer, and the contained angle of suspended structure and printing base plate is theta in the suspended work piece, and the suspended structure position inwards has more than or equal to 1 transition layer along with the body structure design, the thickness scope of transition layer is 0.5mm ~ 3 mm.
6. The metal 3D printing unsupported structure according to claim 5, wherein the number of the transition layers is set to 1 when the overhang angle is not less than 30 °, and the thickness is 0.5-1.5 mm.
7. The metal 3D printing unsupported structure according to claim 5, wherein the number of the transition layers is set to 2-3 when the overhang angle is less than or equal to 20 degrees and is greater than 30 degrees, the transition layer closest to the edge is a first transition layer, and the transition layer far away from the edge of the cantilever is a second transition layer and a third transition layer in sequence; the thickness of the first transition layer is 0.5 to 1.0mm, the thickness of the second transition layer is 1.0 to 1.5mm, and the thickness of the third transition layer is 1.0 to 1.5 mm.
8. The metal 3D printing unsupported structure according to claim 5, wherein the number of transition layers is set to 4-5 when the overhang angle is less than or equal to 10 degrees and is more than 20 degrees, the transition layer closest to the edge is a first transition layer, and the transition layers far away from the edge of the cantilever are a second transition layer, a third transition layer, a fourth transition layer and a fifth transition layer in sequence; the thickness of the first transition layer is 0.5-1.0 mm, the thickness of the second transition layer is 0.5-1.0 mm, the thickness of the third transition layer is 1.0-1.5 mm, the thickness of the fourth transition layer is 1.0-1.5 mm, and the thickness of the fifth transition layer is 1.0-1.5 mm.
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| CN202210070184.3A CN114769615B (en) | 2022-01-21 | 2022-01-21 | Metal 3D printing method without supporting structure |
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| CN202210070184.3A CN114769615B (en) | 2022-01-21 | 2022-01-21 | Metal 3D printing method without supporting structure |
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2022
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| CN109420761A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2019-03-05 | 深圳市银宝山新科技股份有限公司 | The 3D printing method of hanging structure metalwork |
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