CN114746374A - 具有中性色太阳能控制涂层的汽车玻璃 - Google Patents
具有中性色太阳能控制涂层的汽车玻璃 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114746374A CN114746374A CN202080082505.0A CN202080082505A CN114746374A CN 114746374 A CN114746374 A CN 114746374A CN 202080082505 A CN202080082505 A CN 202080082505A CN 114746374 A CN114746374 A CN 114746374A
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- Prior art keywords
- glass
- coating
- layer
- glazing
- automotive glazing
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Images
Classifications
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Abstract
由于现代车辆的玻璃面积增加，特别是大型全景玻璃车顶，我们看到太阳能控制玻璃和涂层的使用大幅增长。太阳能玻璃组合物和涂层的制造成本很高。虽然太阳能涂层比组合物更有效，但通常不能用于单片玻璃，因为太阳能涂层不耐用。太阳能涂层必须应用于层压板内侧的一个表面。这些产品中的大部分还引入了不希望产生的色移。本发明提供了一种涂层，该涂层可用于玻璃以生产具有太阳能控制中性灰色涂层的层压玻璃或单片玻璃，该涂层还具有抗反射特性和低发射率。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及太阳能控制汽车玻璃领域。
背景技术
在过去几年中，汽车设计的一个趋势是增加玻璃的总面积。玻璃面积的增加通常伴随着车辆重量的减少，因为更重的材料被玻璃取代。这一直是汽车战略的关键部分，以满足对更高的车队燃油效率的监管要求以及消费者对更环保车辆的需求。此外，随着汽车内饰变得越来越小，已经通过增加玻璃面积来抵消因车厢体积减少而导致的幽闭恐惧症。视野区域和自然光的增加往往使机舱更加开放和通风。因此，大型全景玻璃车顶已成为许多车型的热门选择。近年来，在北美和欧洲对于提供全景天窗选择的车型，接受率一直在30％到40％的范围内。在中国，某些型号的接受率已接近100％。
如果使用传统的玻璃，玻璃面积的增加会增加车辆的太阳能负荷。这可能需要设置大容量空调单元，但会增加重量以及降低燃料效率。然而，可以通过使用太阳能控制玻璃来减少太阳能负荷。通过减少车辆上的太阳能负载，可以显着改善能源消耗。这对于电动汽车尤其重要，因为对电动汽车的改进直接意味着增加车辆续航里程，这是消费者关心的关键问题。
目前，已经使用两种类型的产品来限制进入车辆的太阳辐射。吸收太阳能玻璃组合物和反射太阳能玻璃涂层。
第一种方法，玻璃组合物，使用已经利用在玻璃组合物中添加的某些金属氧化物而被制造的玻璃。添加剂吸收太阳辐射从而防止其进入乘客舱。虽然吸热窗非常有效，但玻璃会因吸收的能量升温，并通过对流和辐射将能量传递到乘客舱。
除了较高的制造成本外，玻璃组合物的另一个缺点是太阳能控制玻璃组合物只能具有某些标准厚度。具有低可见光透射率的组合物通常不会以汽车玻璃所需的较薄版本生产。它们必须特殊订购，交货时间很长，最低订购量可以达到100吨。
第二种更有效的方法，涂层和薄膜，利用红外反射(infrared reflective,IR)涂层将太阳辐射反射回环境，使玻璃保持凉爽。这是使用各种红外反射膜和涂层来完成的。典型的例子是银基或透明导电氧化物(Transparent Conductive Oxides,TCO)，例如氧化铟锡(Indium Tin Oxide,ITO)涂层。当设置在玻璃窗的外侧时，这些涂层还具有低发射率(low-E)特性。
这些红外涂层和薄膜的主要缺点是它们通常太软而无法安装或应用于暴露的玻璃表面。它们很容易损坏，并且暴露于环境时会降解。它们必须作为层压产品的内层之一制造，以防止薄膜或涂层的损坏和降解。
与钢化单片玻璃窗相比，层压窗的主要优点之一是除了吸热组合物和夹层外，层压板还可以使用这些红外反射涂层和薄膜。
红外反射涂层包括但不限于通过磁控溅射真空沉积(Magnetron sputteredvacuum deposition,MSVD)涂敷的各种金属/电介质层状涂层以及本领域公知的通过热解、喷涂、化学气相沉积(chemical vapor deposition,CVD)、浸渍和其他方法涂敷的其他涂层。
太阳能控制涂层和组合物的缺点是它们通常不能均匀地反射和透射整个可见光谱，从而导致可能不希望产生的色移。当玻璃与摄像系统结合使用时，这一点尤其重要，这种情况下准确识别信号状态很重要。虽然可以从相机视野中删除涂层以缓解问题，但玻璃组合物无法做到这一点，从而使涂层产品优于太阳能玻璃组合物。
组合物和涂层的替代方案是使用有色塑料夹层。除了价格昂贵之外，它仅提供有限数量的颜色和透光度，可能需要相当高的最低订单量、较长的交货时间，并且不如镀膜玻璃有效。
有色PVB是生产某些隐私应用所需的可见光透射率极低的玻璃的唯一解决方案。仅玻璃组合物和涂层只能降低约20％的可见光透射率。当需要低于20％时，已生产出具有深色PVB夹层的层压板。较深的中间层与较浅的中间层具有相同的限制：价格、最小订购量、可用性。
深色玻璃屋顶的问题之一是内部反射。典型的钠钙玻璃反射约10％的入射光。当透光范围高时，内部的反射不那么明显。当光透射率低时，透射图像强度相对反射图像强度的比率变高，反射图像会变得分散注意力和令人反感。这已通过在玻璃窗的内表面涂敷抗反射涂层来解决。这种附加涂层的成本相对较高。
内燃机具有大量废热，这些废热已被用于在寒冷天气运行期间加热车辆内部。对于电动和混合动力电动汽车，这种废热源不可用，因此必须使用电池存储的能量来为电阻加热元件供电。玻璃屋顶是热损失的主要来源。多年来，具有低辐射率的涂层已用于商业和住宅建筑玻璃，以改善玻璃在寒冷天气的保温性。出于同样的原因，这些低辐射涂层开始用于汽车玻璃。此外，即使在配备内燃机的车辆中，车顶上的低辐射涂层也可以通过消除由冷玻璃引起的气流来提高乘客的舒适度。这种附加涂层的成本相对较高。
专利US5112675公开了一种由玻璃/TiC/ITO组成的太阳能控制涂层叠层，通过TiC吸收层和ITO红外反射层提供太阳能保护。在该专利中，ITO不受保护，直接暴露在空气中。该专利公开ITO厚度小于50nm。
专利申请US20150070755A1公开了一种由玻璃/Si3N4/NiCr/ITO/NiCr/Si3N4组成的太阳能控制涂层叠层。该专利申请要求保护厚度在0.5和3nm之间的NiCr层。它还公开ITO层的厚度在100到250nm之间。该专利申请中的涂层叠层不具有AR功能。
具有耐用的中性灰色阳光控制涂层的涂层汽车玻璃以及经济且有效的制造方法将是合乎需要的。
发明内容
本申请涉及一种太阳能控制玻璃，包括至少一个具有涂层叠层的玻璃基材，该涂层叠层具有暴露表面耐用、阳光控制、中性灰色的抗反射(anti-reflection,AR)涂层。该涂层叠层还具有其他优点，即具有低发射率和低反射率。涂层在红外光谱范围内反射，而在可见光范围内透射。可见光透射率可以在很宽的光谱范围内进行调整，以适应应用，而无需更改镀膜机配置。还可以在涂层上涂敷抗指纹涂层，而不会损害涂层组合物或其功能性。
太阳能保护功能是通过玻璃表面涂层叠层中的吸收层和IR实现的。玻璃上的涂层叠层包括从玻璃基材表面开始的一系列层：阻挡层，用于阻挡碱金属离子从所述玻璃基板迁移，所述阻挡层为厚度在10至100nm之间的氮化硅或氮氧化硅；ITO的IR层，厚度在50到200nm之间；薄吸收层，包括金属或部分氧化金属，厚度在3到10nm之间；介电层的子叠层，具有AR功能，具有交替折射率HLHL或MHL(来自玻璃表面)。薄吸收层可以设置在ITO层的任一侧。在某些实施例中，AR功能子叠层包括HL折射率的介电层，例如Nb2O5\SiO2。在某些示例实施例中，AR功能子叠层包括MHL折射率的介电层，例如SiOxNy\Nb2O5\SiO2。镀膜玻璃制品使用玻璃基材。此外，涂层叠层可包括氮基薄保护层，设置于金属吸收层上以防止氧化。该薄保护层可以优选为氮化硅。
金属吸收层的厚度和成分可以变化，以精确控制可见光透射水平。
制造方法由图7的流程图中所示的一组顺序步骤组成。这些是层压和回火产品所需的基本步骤。在所有情况下，都必须准备衬底32。这至少包括检查玻璃和清洁玻璃的步骤。涂层可以涂敷到原样的未切割玻璃板上。在这种情况下，基板32还可能需要在作为基板32制备步骤的一部分之前进行切割至定尺寸、修边、涂漆和烧制的步骤。然后在下一步骤中将涂层涂敷到基材32上。在最后一步，将基板成型为最终形状。这可以通过热弯曲来进行处理，或者在层压板的情况下，可以通过冷弯曲形成。
虽然涂敷于车辆玻璃窗的内表面时实现了全部益处，但涂层也可以涂敷于层压板的两个或三个表面，因此也包括在要求保护的范围内。
该涂层叠层19连同用该叠层生产的独特制品被要求作为本申请的一部分。
本申请的优势为更加美观，能够精确控制可见光透射水平，具有中性色，适用于外露表面，能够减少太阳能负荷，应用于暴露表面时具有低发射率，具有隐私性和抗反射性，以及易于清洁
附图说明
图1A是本申请一些实施例中一种典型的汽车层压玻璃的横截面的示意图。
图1B是本申请一些实施例中一种带有高性能薄膜的典型汽车层压玻璃的横截面的示意图。
图1C本申请一些实施例中一种典型的钢化单片汽车玻璃的横截面的示意图。
图2本申请一些实施例中钢化涂层车顶的分解示意图。
图3本申请一些实施例中层压涂层车顶的分解示意图。
图4A本申请一些实施例中涂层的透光率的示意图。
图4B本申请一些实施例中涂层的光反射率的示意图。
图5A本申请一些实施例中涂层叠层及其参考厚度的示意图。
图5B本申请一些实施例中涂层的光学和热性能矩阵示意图。
图6本申请一些实施例中一种通用涂层叠层的示意图。
图7本申请一些实施例中涂层沉积过程的流程图。
附图标记：
2-玻璃；4-塑料粘合层(夹层)；6-遮蔽/黑色熔块；12-薄膜；18-涂层；19-涂层叠层；21-涂层一；22-涂层二；23-涂层三；24-涂层四；25-涂层五；26-涂层六；27-涂层七；32-玻璃基板表面；42-本申请的中性灰色增透膜；101-表面一；102-表面二；103-表面三；104-表面四；201-外层；202-内层。
具体实施方式
以下术语用于描述本发明的玻璃制品。
全景车顶是一种车顶玻璃，它包括在车辆的前座区和后座区的至少一部分上方车顶的大部分区域。全景屋顶可以由多个玻璃组成，并且可以是层压的或整体的。
上述方法的步骤必须按照所示的顺序执行，然而，具体的上釉和涂层过程可能需要的附加步骤以及可选步骤可能没有显示。这些步骤必须按顺序执行，但不需要在彼此之后立即执行，即所述步骤的执行可以在空间和时间上分开。
图1A和1B是本申请一些实施例中典型的汽车层压玻璃横截面的示意图。层压板由两层玻璃组成，外层201和内层202，它们通过塑料粘合层4永久粘合在一起。在层压板中，车辆外部的玻璃表面称为表面一101或第一表面。外部玻璃层201的相对面是表面二102或第二表面。位于车辆内部的玻璃表面称为表面四104或第四表面。玻璃内层202的相对面是表面三103或第三表面。第二表面一02和第三表面一03通过塑料层4结合在一起。也可以将遮蔽物6涂敷到玻璃上。遮蔽物通常由印刷在第二表面一02或第四表面一04或两者上的黑色搪瓷熔块组成。层压板可以在至少一个表面上具有涂层一8。该层压板还可以包括层压在至少两个塑料层4之间的薄膜12。
图1C是本申请一些实施例中一种典型的钢化汽车玻璃的横截面的示意图。钢化玻璃通常由热强化后的单层玻璃2组成。位于车辆外部的玻璃表面称为表面一101或第一表面。外部玻璃层201的相对面是表面二102或第二表面。钢化玻璃的第二表面一02位于车辆内部。遮蔽物6也可以涂敷于玻璃2。遮蔽物通常由印在第二表面一02上的黑色搪瓷熔块组成。窗玻璃可以在表面一101和/或表面二102上具有涂层一8。
图1B和1C示出了本申请的涂层四2。如图1B中层压横截面所示，涂层四2涂敷到内玻璃层202的表面四104。涂层四2涂敷在AR涂层和黑色熔块6上。如图1C中单片钢化横截面所示，涂层四2被涂敷到单个玻璃层201的车辆内表面的表面二102。涂层四2被涂敷在AR涂层和黑色熔块6上。
术语“玻璃”可以应用于许多有机和无机材料，包括许多不透明的材料。对于本文，我们将仅涉及无机透明玻璃。从科学的角度来看，玻璃被定义为一种物质状态，包括一种非晶态的无定形固体，它缺乏实体的有序分子结构。玻璃具有晶体的机械刚性和液体的随机结构。
玻璃是通过将各种物质混合在一起然后加热到它们熔化并相互完全溶解的温度形成的，进而形成一种可混溶的均匀流体。
可以使用的玻璃类型包括但不限于：汽车玻璃中常见的普通钠钙品种，以及铝硅酸盐、铝硅酸锂、硼硅酸盐、玻璃陶瓷和经过玻璃化转变并被归类为玻璃的各种其他无机固体无定形组合物，该组合物也包括不透明的组合物。
大多数用于容器和窗户的玻璃是钠钙玻璃。钠钙玻璃由碳酸钠(苏打)、碳酸钙(石灰)、白云石、二氧化硅(二氧化硅)、氧化铝(氧化铝)和少量添加的用于改变颜色和其他特性的物质制成。
硼硅酸盐玻璃是一种含有氧化硼的玻璃。它具有低热膨胀系数和对腐蚀性化学品的高耐腐蚀性。它通常用于制造灯泡、实验室玻璃器皿和炊具。
铝硅酸盐玻璃由氧化铝制成。它比硼硅酸盐玻璃更耐化学品腐蚀，并且可以承受更高的温度。化学钢化铝硅酸盐玻璃广泛用于智能手机和其他电子设备的显示器。
铝硅酸锂是一种玻璃陶瓷，具有极低的热膨胀性、光学透明度。它通常包含3–6％的Li2O。它通常用于壁炉窗、炉灶面板、透镜和其他要求低热膨胀的应用。
有广泛的涂层可用并且常用于增强玻璃的性能和特性，并且可以用于生产本申请的窗玻璃。这些性能和特性包括但不限于抗反射、疏水、亲水、自修复、自清洁、抗菌、防刮擦、防涂鸦、防指纹和防眩光。
涂层涂敷方法包括MSVD以及本领域公知的热解、喷涂、CVD、浸渍、溶胶-凝胶和其他方法。
玻璃层使用重力弯曲、压弯、冷弯或本领域已知的任何其他常规方法成型。在重力弯曲过程中，玻璃平板支撑在玻璃边缘附近，然后加热。加热后的玻璃在重力作用下下垂到所需的形状。通过压弯，平板玻璃被加热，然后在整个部分表面模具上弯曲。气压和真空通常用于辅助弯曲过程。用于玻璃成型的重力和压弯方法在本领域中是众所周知的，在本公开中将不详细讨论。
本发明的涂层基材可以通过冷弯的方法形成。冷弯是一种相对较新的技术。顾名思义，玻璃在冷却至最终形状时弯曲，无需加热。在曲率最小的零件上，一块平板玻璃可以冷弯到贴合零件的轮廓。这是可能的，因为随着玻璃厚度的减小，玻璃板变得越来越柔韧，并且可以在不引起足以显著增加破损的长期概率的高应力水平的情况下进行弯曲。厚度约为1mm的退火钠钙玻璃薄片可以弯曲成大半径(半径大于6m)圆柱形。当玻璃经过化学或热强化时，玻璃可以承受更高水平的应力，并且可以沿两个主轴弯曲。该工艺主要用于将化学钢化的薄玻璃板(厚度<＝1mm)弯曲成型。
一个方向半径小于4米的圆柱形可以形成。复合弯曲的形状，即在两个主轴方向上的曲率可以形成为每个方向上的曲率半径小至大约8米。当然，很大程度上取决于零件的表面积以及基材的类型和厚度。
冷弯玻璃将保持张力，并倾向于扭曲其粘合的弯曲层的形状。因此，必须对弯曲层进行补偿以抵消张力。对于具有高曲率的更复杂形状，平板玻璃可能需要在冷弯之前进行部分热弯。
待冷弯的玻璃放置有弯曲成型层，并且在待冷弯的玻璃和弯曲的玻璃层之间放置有粘合层。该组件被放置在真空袋中。真空袋是一组密封的塑料片，将组件封闭起来并将其边缘粘合在一起，这样可以将空气从组件中抽出，并且还会在组件上涂敷压力，迫使各层接触。然后加热抽真空袋中的组件以密封组件。接下来将该组件放入高压釜中，该高压釜加热该组件并施加高压。这完成了冷弯过程，因为此时平板玻璃已与弯曲层的形状一致并被永久固定。冷弯工艺与本领域众所周知的标准真空袋/高压釜工艺非常相似，不同之处在于将未弯曲的玻璃层添加到玻璃叠层中。
塑料粘合层4具有将相邻层的主面彼此粘合的主要功能。所选材料通常是透明的热固性塑料。
对于汽车应用，最常用的粘合层4是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)。PVB对玻璃具有出色的附着力，且具有层压后光学透明的特性。PVB由聚乙烯醇与正丁醛反应制得。PVB是透明的，对玻璃有很高的附着力。但是，PVB本身脆性较大了，必须添加增塑剂以使材料具有柔韧性，并使其能够在汽车所需的温度范围内且在宽范围内消散能量。增塑剂仅使用少量，通常是线性二羧酸酯。常用的两种是己二酸二正己酯和四乙二醇二正庚酸酯。典型的汽车PVB夹层由30-40％重量的增塑剂组成。
除了将玻璃层粘合在一起之外，中间层还具有增强的功能。本发明可以包括设计为用于抑制声音的中间层。这种夹层全部或部分由一层塑料组成，该塑料层比通常使用的塑料层更柔软和更柔韧。中间层也可以是具有日光衰减特性的类型。
有多种薄膜可用于层压板。这些薄膜的用途包括但不限于：阳光控制、可变透光率、增加刚度、增加结构完整性、改善穿透阻力、改善乘员保持力、提供屏障、色彩、提供遮阳、颜色校正，以及作为功能和美学图形的基材。术语“薄膜”应包括这些以及可能开发的或当前可用的其他产品，这些产品可增强夹层玻璃的性能、功能、美观或成本。大多数薄膜不具有粘合性能。为了结合到层压材料中，需要在薄膜的每一侧上放置塑料夹层，以将薄膜粘合到层压材料的其他层上。
抗反射涂层是通过交替具有不同折射率的材料层产生的。通常，此类涂层是根据每种材料的折射率来描述的，这些材料通常被指定为高(H)、中(M)或低(L)。描述为HLHL的涂层将包括交替的高、低、高和低折射率。这些材料在本领域中是众所周知的，并且相同HML组中的任何其他材料可以在不背离本发明的意图的情况下用另一种代替。
回火单片实施例如图2的分解图所示。层压实施例在图3中显示。
在某些示例性实施例中，厚度小于1mm的透明、高铝硅酸盐、化学钢化玻璃用于内玻璃层202。外玻璃层由透明的2.1mm厚的退火钠钙玻璃组成。玻璃层202具有涂敷到表面四104的涂层，具有灰色外观，具有：
透光率(Tvis)小于60％，
薄膜侧反射率(Rf)小于6％，
胶片侧中性色(-5<Rf-a*<0，-5<Rf-b*<0)。
本申请的典型示例包括透明的、热回火的、钠钙、3.2mm厚的单片涂层制品，其具有以下叠层19：
Si3N4(30nm)21
ITO(108nm)22
NiCr(6nm)23
Nb2O5(33nm)24
SiO2(48nm)25
并具有以下光学和热性能矩阵：
T＝44.3％，
Rf(8°)＝2.1％,
Rf-a*＝-1.4，
Rf-b*＝-3.5,
Tsol＝40.1％，
Rsol＝10.1％。
单片涂层制品看起来是灰色的，具有中性色。利用PVB将涂层制品与另一块纯玻璃(2.1mm)层压，形成天窗结构。灰色低辐射加AR涂层位于层压板的内表面(表面四104)。灰色低辐射加AR涂层通过磁控溅射技术沉积。
在某些示例性实施例中，灰色低辐射加AR涂层进一步涂覆有抗指纹(Anti-Fingerprint,AF)液体涂层。
在某些示例性实施例中，层压天窗结构具有层压在玻璃和PVB之间的PDLC或SPD膜。一个典型的例子是：AF/SiO2/Nb2O5/NiCr/ITO/Si3N4/内层玻璃/PVB/PDLC(SPD)/PVB/外层玻璃。
单片实施例：
a.一种3.2mm厚钢化钠钙玻璃，在表面二102镀有Si3N4(30nm)/ITO(108nm)/NiCr(6nm)/Nb2O5(33nm)/SiO2(48nm)。
一种层压板实施例，包括：
a.一种1.0mm厚化学钢化硅酸铝内玻璃层，表面四104镀有AF/SiO2/Nb2O5/NiCr/ITO/Si3N4；
b.0.76mm PVB，
c.PDLC(SPD),
d.0.76mm PVB，
e.2.1mm透明的钠钙外玻璃层。
Claims (15)
1.一种真空溅射涂层，其特征在于，沉积在玻璃层上，所述真空溅射涂层为叠层，所述叠层从最靠近玻璃基底的层开始依次包括：
a.阻挡层，用于阻挡碱金属离子从所述玻璃基板迁移，所述阻挡层为厚度在10至100nm之间的氮化硅或氮氧化硅；
b.氧化铟锡(ITO)的红外反射(IR)层，厚度在50到200nm之间；
c.薄吸收层，包括金属或部分氧化金属，厚度在3到10nm之间，设置在ITO层的一侧；
d.交替折射率介电层的抗反射子叠层，所述子叠层包括具有选自组的配置的交替折射率，所述组包括：
i.高低高低(HLHL)；或
ii.中高低(MHL)；或
iii.高低(HL)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涂层，其特征在于，所述抗反射子叠层由Nb2O5\SiO2组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的涂层，其特征在于，所述抗反射子堆叠由SiOxNy\Nb2O5\SiO2组成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的涂层，其特征在于，所述涂层还包括氮基薄保护层，设置于金属吸收层上以防止氧化，其中所述氮基薄保护层优选氮化硅。
5.一种汽车窗玻璃，其特征在于，所述汽车窗玻璃包括权利要求1的至少一个玻璃层，其中所述至少一个玻璃层具有两个相对设置的主表面，其中一个所述主表面是面向车厢内部的内表面，所述内表面设有所述真空溅射涂层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的汽车窗玻璃，其特征在于，所述至少一个玻璃层是单片热钢化窗玻璃。
7.根据权利要求5所述的汽车窗玻璃，其特征在于，所述至少一个玻璃层包括至少两个玻璃层，分别为外玻璃层和内玻璃层；其中所述汽车窗玻璃还包括至少一个塑料粘合层，设置于外玻璃层和内玻璃层之间；其中所述真空溅射涂层设置于所述内玻璃层的内表面上。
8.根据权利要求7所述的汽车窗玻璃，其特征在于，所述玻璃层中的至少一层经过化学回火处理。
9.根据权利要求5所述的汽车窗玻璃，其特征在于，所述窗玻璃是车顶窗玻璃。
10.根据权利要求5所述的汽车窗玻璃，其特征在于，总可见光透射率小于60％，优选小于40％，更优选小于20％。
11.根据权利要求5所述的汽车窗玻璃，其特征在于，总可见光反射率小于10％，更优选小于5％。
12.根据权利要求7所述的汽车窗玻璃，其特征在于，所述内玻璃层的厚度小于1.0mm。
13.根据权利要求7所述的汽车玻璃窗，其特征在于，所述内玻璃层经过冷弯处理。
14.根据权利要求5所述的汽车玻璃窗，其特征在于，还包括防指纹涂层，设置于面向车厢内部的内表面。
15.根据权利要求5所述的汽车窗玻璃，其特征在于，还包括PDLC或SPD膜。
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- 2022-05-29 US US17/827,732 patent/US20220371949A1/en active Pending
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20220371949A1 (en) | 2022-11-24 |
| DE112020005855T5 (de) | 2022-11-10 |
| WO2021105959A1 (en) | 2021-06-03 |
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Application publication date: 20220712 |