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CN114734806A - 一种三轮车并联式混合动力系统 - Google Patents

一种三轮车并联式混合动力系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114734806A
CN114734806A CN202210542046.0A CN202210542046A CN114734806A CN 114734806 A CN114734806 A CN 114734806A CN 202210542046 A CN202210542046 A CN 202210542046A CN 114734806 A CN114734806 A CN 114734806A
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internal combustion
combustion engine
controller
gasoline internal
tricycle
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李飞
许和俊
王兴亮
高祝波
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Chongqing Zongshen Engine Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Chongqing Zongshen Engine Manufacturing Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及三轮车动力设备，具体为一种三轮车并联式混合动力系统，包括汽油内燃发动机和电动机，汽油内燃发动机与电动机之间连接有进行转矩耦合的动力耦合机构；还包括发电机，所述发电机的转子与汽油内燃发动机传动连接；还包括动力蓄电池；还包括控制系统，所述控制系统包括用于收集整车信号并进行处理的整车控制器、用于控制发电机反拖启动汽油内燃发动机的增程器控制器、用于控制电动机运行的驱动控制器、用于控制汽油内燃发动机的挡位的变挡控制器和用于控制汽油内燃发动机的燃料供给的电喷控制器，所述控制系统具有纯电模式、并联混动模式和纯油模式。本方案解决了现有技术中三轮车的动力系统的局限性较大的问题，从而提高了驾驶舒适性。

Description

一种三轮车并联式混合动力系统
技术领域
本发明涉及三轮车动力设备，具体为一种三轮车并联式混合动力系统。
背景技术
传统的三轮车通常为汽油内燃发动机三轮车，以汽油内燃发动机为动力，动力性能好，较多的作为山区、丘陵地区的交通运输车使用。但是，汽油内燃发动机三轮车在运行过程中的噪音大，废气排放量高，环境污染大。而纯电动三轮车因电机功率有限，动力小，行驶速度慢，续航能力较差，在爬坡、重载等恶劣状态下行驶，电机容易损坏。因此，需要一种新型动力系统来解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种三轮车并联式混合动力系统，以解决现有技术中三轮车因动力系统的局限性导致驾驶舒适性较差的问题。
为了达到上述目的，本发明的基础方案提供一种三轮车并联式混合动力系统，包括汽油内燃发动机和电动机，所述汽油内燃发动机与电动机之间连接有进行转矩耦合的动力耦合机构；还包括发电机，所述发电机的转子与汽油内燃发动机传动连接；还包括动力蓄电池；还包括控制系统，所述控制系统包括用于收集整车信号并进行处理的整车控制器、用于控制发电机反拖启动汽油内燃发动机的增程器控制器、用于控制电动机运行的驱动控制器、用于控制汽油内燃发动机的挡位的变挡控制器和用于控制汽油内燃发动机的燃料供给的电喷控制器，所述控制系统具有纯电模式、并联混动模式和纯油模式；
当三轮车起步或低速行驶时，控制系统运行纯电模式，此时，整车控制器给驱动控制器发出信号，驱动控制器将动力蓄电池的电能提供给电动机，使电动机工作而输出动力，而此时汽油内燃发动机处于停机状态；
当三轮车达到中等行驶速度时，控制系统运行并联混动模式，此时，整车控制器同时给增程器控制器、电喷控制器和变挡控制器发送信号，使增程器控制器控制发电机反拖启动汽油内燃发动机，电喷控制器控制汽油内燃发动机的点火角度、空燃比等参数，使汽油内燃发动机的空载转速接近电动机的转速，然后变挡控制器控制变挡系统从空挡变换为前进挡，使汽油内燃发动机与电动机一起输出动力；汽油内燃发动机工作时，汽油内燃发动机带动发电机发电机，并通过增程器控制器给动力蓄电池充电；
当三轮车达到较高的行驶速度时，控制系统运行纯油模式，此时，整车控制器给驱动控制器发送停止电动机工作的信号，从而使汽油内燃发动机单独输出动力；汽油内燃发动机工作时，汽油内燃发动机带动发电机发电，并通过增程器控制器给动力蓄电池充电。
本基础方案的有益效果在于：采用这样的设置，使三轮车的动力系统可以适应各种工作条件，从而使三轮车具有良好的驾驶舒适性。
为了进一步提高三轮车的驾驶舒适性，所述控制系统还具有制动能量回收模式，当三轮车处于刹车或减速工况时，汽油内燃发动机停止工作，电动机被动力耦合机构反拖发电，通过驱动控制器给动力蓄电池充电。
为了进一步提高三轮车的驾驶舒适性，所述控制系统还具有驻车充电模式，当三轮车车速为零时，整车控制器检测到动力蓄电池的电压低于阈值时，整车控制器会给增程器控制器发出启动汽油内燃发动机的信号，从而使汽油内燃发动机工作并驱动发电机发电，发电机产生的电流通过增程器控制器给动力蓄电池充电。
为了进一步提高三轮车的驾驶舒适性，所述控制系统还具有行车充电模式，当三轮车处于行驶状态时，整车控制器检测到动力蓄电池的电压低于阈值时，整车控制器会给增程器控制器发出启动汽油内燃发动机的信号，从而使汽油内燃发动机工作并驱动发电机发电，发电机产生的电流通过增程器控制器给动力蓄电池充电和给电动机供电，此时汽油内燃发动机不输出动力。
为了进一步提高三轮车的驾驶舒适性，所述控制系统还具有倒车模式，当三轮车要进行倒车时，整车控制器给驱动控制器发出电动机反向转动的信号，于是电动机输出与前进时方向相反的扭矩，从而实现三轮车的倒车。
为了进一步提高三轮车的驾驶舒适性，所述电动机为风冷式矢量电机。
为了进一步提高三轮车的驾驶舒适性，所述发电机为三相无刷永磁同步电机且为外转子内定子结构，所述发电机与汽油内燃发动机同轴装配。
为了进一步提高三轮车的驾驶舒适性，所述控制系统还包括CAN通讯电路。
为了进一步提高三轮车的驾驶舒适性，所述控制系统还包括隔离型DC转换器，所述隔离型DC转换器能够将高压电能转换为12V电能。
为了进一步提高三轮车的驾驶舒适性，所述动力蓄电池为锂电池、镍氢电池或铅酸电池。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种三轮车并联式混合动力系统实施例的示意图；
图2为本发明纯电模式的原理图；
图3为本发明并联混动模式的原理图；
图4为本发明纯油模式的原理图；
图5为本发明制动能量回收模式的原理图；
图6为本发明驻车充电模式的原理图；
图7为本发明行车充电模式的原理图；
图8为本发明倒车模式的原理图；
图9为本发明的控制系统中各个工作模式切换的逻辑图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式进一步详细说明：
为了方便描述，各个控制器采用本领域常用的英文简称代替：整车控制器简称为VCU、增程器控制器简称为GCU、电喷控制器简称为ECU、驱动控制器简称为MCU、变挡控制器简称为TCU。
说明书附图中的附图标记包括：电动机1、电动输入轴2、电动双联齿轮3、输出轴4、电动输出齿轮5、从动锥齿轮6、换挡臂部件7、离合器8、换挡鼓9、拨叉10、曲轴连杆部件11、主动锥齿轮12、变速鼓13、换挡双联齿轮14、换挡电机15和换挡齿轮16。
实施例基本如附图1所示：一种三轮车并联式混合动力系统，包括汽油内燃发动机和电动机，汽油内燃发动机与电动机之间连接有进行转矩耦合的动力耦合机构。本实施例中，动力耦合机构包括电动输入轴2、电动双联齿轮3、输出轴4、电动输出齿轮5、从动锥齿轮6、换挡臂部件7、离合器8、换挡鼓9、拨叉10、主动锥齿轮12、变速鼓13、换挡双联齿轮14、换挡电机15和换挡齿轮16，电动输入轴2通过传动齿轮与电动双联齿轮3传动连接，输出轴4通过电动输出齿轮5与电动双联齿轮3传动连接，从动锥齿轮6与输出轴4固定连接，从动锥齿轮6与主动锥齿轮12啮合，主动锥齿轮12与换挡鼓9离合配合，通过换挡双联齿轮14、换挡齿轮16、换挡臂部件7、变速鼓13和拨叉10将换挡电机15与换挡鼓9之间的联动配合，离合器8与换挡鼓配合。离合器8与汽油内燃发动机的曲轴连杆部件11传动连接，从而使汽油内燃发动机将扭矩传递给离合器。电动机1与电动输入轴2传动连接，从而使电动机的扭矩传递给电动输入轴。
混合动力系统还包括给电动机供电的动力蓄电池；汽油内燃发动机上连接有发电机，发电机的转子与汽油内燃发动机传动连接。混合动力系统还包括控制系统。控制系统包括用于收集整车信号并进行处理的整车控制器（VCU）、用于控制发电机反拖启动汽油内燃发动机的增程器控制器（GCU）、用于控制电动机运行的驱动控制器（MCU）、用于控制汽油内燃发动机的挡位的变挡控制器（TCU）和用于控制汽油内燃发动机的燃料供给的电喷控制器（ECU）。控制系统具有纯电模式、并联混动模式和纯油模式。整车控制器通过CAN总线与各个控制器进行信号传递。
如图2所示，当三轮车起步和低速行驶时，控制系统进入纯电模式，此时，动力蓄电池通过驱动控制器给电动机提供电能，使电动机通过动力耦合机构输出动力，动力通过后桥传递给车轮而实现驱动三轮车行驶，并且此时汽油内燃发动机处于停机状态。
如图3所示，当三轮车的车速达到中等速度时，控制系统进入混动模式，此时，整车控制器为增程器控制器、电喷控制器和变挡控制器通电，整车控制器给增程器控制器发送启动信号，从而启动汽油内燃发动机，并且电喷控制器控制汽油内燃发动机的点火角度和空燃比等参数，使汽油内燃发动机平稳运行，具体地，电喷控制器通过曲轴位置传感器接收到发动机的转速达到启动转速时，控制喷油器喷油，点火线圈点火，从而实现汽油内燃发动机的启动。此时，变挡控制器控制汽油内燃发动机处于空载状态，当转把加速信号电压大于阀值时，整车控制器给变挡控制器发送变挡信号，使变挡控制器控制汽油内燃发动机进入相应挡位，从而使汽油内燃发动机通过动力耦合机构与电动机一起输出动力而驱动三轮车行驶。同时，汽油内燃发动机驱动发电机发电，发电机通过增程器控制器给动力蓄电池充电，具体地，发电机产生的交流电通过增程器控制器中的整流桥电路转变为直流电后给动力蓄电池充电。
如图4所示，当三轮车的车速达到高速车速时，控制系统进入纯油模式，此时，整车控制器通过驱动控制器控制电动机停止工作，从而使汽油内燃发动机单独输出动力。同时，汽油内燃发动机驱动发电机发电，发电机通过增程器控制器给动力蓄电池充电。
如图5所示，作为一种优选的实施方式，控制系统具有制动能量回收模式，当三轮车处于刹车或减速工况时，控制汽油内燃发动机停止工作，车轮依次通过后桥和动力耦合机构反拖电动机转动发电，通过驱动控制器给动力蓄电池充电，同时，电动机产生的反向转矩辅助三轮车制动。本实施例中，电动机优选为风冷式矢量电机。
如图6所示，作为一种优选的实施方式，控制系统还具有驻车充电模式，当三轮车车速为零时，整车控制器检测到动力蓄电池的电压低于阈值时，整车控制器会给增程器控制器发出启动汽油内燃发动机的信号，从而使汽油内燃发动机工作并驱动发电机发电，发电机产生的电流通过增程器控制器给动力蓄电池充电。
如图7所示，作为一种优选的实施方式，控制系统还具有行车充电模式，当三轮车处于行驶状态时，整车控制器检测到动力蓄电池的电压低于阈值时，整车控制器会给增程器控制器发出启动汽油内燃发动机的信号，从而使汽油内燃发动机工作并驱动发电机发电，发电机产生的电流通过增程器控制器给动力蓄电池充电和给电动机供电，此时汽油内燃发动机不输出动力。
如图8所示，作为一种优选的实施方式，控制系统还具有倒车模式，当三轮车要进行倒车时，整车控制器给驱动控制器发出电动机反向转动的信号，于是电动机输出与前进时方向相反的扭矩，从而实现三轮车的倒车。
如图9所示，控制系统的各个工作模式的切换流程如下：
当驾驶员打开钥匙开关后，系统开始上电自检。自检正常后，进入下一个流程；若自检不正常，VCU通过CAN总线报故障信号，驾驶员对故障进行处理。
当自检正常，电池电压V≥Vlow时，进入下一个流程；若电池电压V＜Vlow，则VCU判定电池亏电，开启驻车充电模式。
当自检正常，电池电压V≥Vlow，挡位信号为前进挡时，进入下一个流程；若挡位信号为倒车挡，开启倒车模式。
转动转把，开始行驶，当制动踏板信号b≤0时，进入下一个流程；若驾驶员踩制动踏板，制动踏板信号b＞0，开启制动能量回收模式。
当纯电运行，电池电压V≥Vlow时，电池不亏电，进入下一个模式；若纯电运行，电池电压V＜Vlow，电池亏电，开启行车充电模式。
当纯电运行，加速信号电压A≥Ahigh时，进入并联混动模式；若A＜Ahigh，开启纯电模式。
当整车在并联混动模式下行驶，车速S≥Shigh时，进入纯油模式；若S＜Shigh，开启并联混动模式。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施例，方案中公知的具体结构及特性等常识在此未作过多描述。应当指出，对于本领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明结构的前提下，还可以作出若干变形和改进，这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围，这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。

Claims (10)

1.一种三轮车并联式混合动力系统，其特征在于：包括汽油内燃发动机和电动机，所述汽油内燃发动机与电动机之间连接有进行转矩耦合的动力耦合机构；还包括发电机，所述发电机的转子与汽油内燃发动机传动连接；还包括动力蓄电池；还包括控制系统，所述控制系统包括用于收集整车信号并进行处理的整车控制器、用于控制发电机反拖启动汽油内燃发动机的增程器控制器、用于控制电动机运行的驱动控制器、用于控制汽油内燃发动机的挡位的变挡控制器和用于控制汽油内燃发动机的燃料供给的电喷控制器，所述控制系统具有纯电模式、并联混动模式和纯油模式；
当三轮车起步或低速行驶时，控制系统运行纯电模式，此时，整车控制器给驱动控制器发出信号，驱动控制器将动力蓄电池的电能提供给电动机，使电动机工作而输出动力，而此时汽油内燃发动机处于停机状态；
当三轮车达到中等行驶速度时，控制系统运行并联混动模式，此时，整车控制器同时给增程器控制器、电喷控制器和变挡控制器发送信号，使增程器控制器控制发电机反拖启动汽油内燃发动机，电喷控制器控制汽油内燃发动机的点火角度、空燃比等参数，使汽油内燃发动机的空载转速接近电动机的转速，然后变挡控制器控制变挡系统从空挡变换为前进挡，使汽油内燃发动机与电动机一起输出动力；汽油内燃发动机工作时，汽油内燃发动机带动发电机发电，并通过增程器控制器给动力蓄电池充电；
当三轮车达到较高的行驶速度时，控制系统运行纯油模式，此时，整车控制器给驱动控制器发送停止电动机工作的信号，从而使汽油内燃发动机单独输出动力；汽油内燃发动机工作时，汽油内燃发动机带动发电机发电机，并通过增程器控制器给动力蓄电池充电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种三轮车并联式混合动力系统，其特征在于：所述控制系统还具有制动能量回收模式，当三轮车处于刹车或减速工况时，汽油内燃发动机停止工作，电动机被动力耦合机构反拖发电，通过驱动控制器给动力蓄电池充电。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种三轮车并联式混合动力系统，其特征在于：所述控制系统还具有驻车充电模式，当三轮车车速为零时，整车控制器检测到动力蓄电池的电压低于阈值时，整车控制器会给增程器控制器发出启动汽油内燃发动机的信号，从而使汽油内燃发动机工作并驱动发电机发电，发电机产生的电流通过增程器控制器给动力蓄电池充电。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种三轮车并联式混合动力系统，其特征在于：所述控制系统还具有行车充电模式，当三轮车处于行驶状态时，整车控制器检测到动力蓄电池的电压低于阈值时，整车控制器会给增程器控制器发出启动汽油内燃发动机的信号，从而使汽油内燃发动机工作并驱动发电机发电，发电机产生的电流通过增程器控制器给动力蓄电池充电和给电动机供电，此时汽油内燃发动机不输出动力。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种三轮车并联式混合动力系统，其特征在于：所述控制系统还具有倒车模式，当三轮车要进行倒车时，整车控制器给驱动控制器发出电动机反向转动的信号，于是电动机输出与前进时方向相反的扭矩，从而实现三轮车的倒车。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种三轮车并联式混合动力系统，其特征在于：所述电动机为风冷式矢量电机。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种三轮车并联式混合动力系统，其特征在于：所述发电机为三相无刷永磁同步电机且为外转子内定子结构，所述发电机与汽油内燃发动机同轴装配。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种三轮车并联式混合动力系统，其特征在于：所述控制系统还包括CAN通讯电路。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种三轮车并联式混合动力系统，其特征在于：所述控制系统还包括隔离型DC转换器，所述隔离型DC转换器能够将高压电能转换为12V电能。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种三轮车并联式混合动力系统，其特征在于：所述动力蓄电池为锂电池、镍氢电池或铅酸电池。
CN202210542046.0A 2022-05-19 2022-05-19 一种三轮车并联式混合动力系统 Pending CN114734806A (zh)

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