CN114725669B - Resistor-loaded miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna with bent tail end - Google Patents
Resistor-loaded miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna with bent tail end Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention provides a resistor-loaded miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna with bent tail ends, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. According to the invention, the two gradual change curve ends of each metal radiation patch of the antenna are bent in opposite directions and linearly extended to form 7-shaped and factory-shaped radiation structures, so that the bent ends are constructed, the unexpected radiation of the original antenna end is reduced, the main path length of current distribution of the antenna on the two gradual change curves is prolonged, and the low-frequency radiation capacity of the antenna is improved; meanwhile, the loading of larger resistance is carried out on two linear metal strips at the bending tail end of each metal radiation patch of the antenna, the lower limit of the impedance bandwidth frequency of the antenna is effectively expanded, and in addition, the part of the metal radiation patch of the antenna except for the 7-shaped structure is provided with a triangle, rectangle, ellipse or corresponding combination-shaped groove, so that the surface current distribution on the metal radiation patch is further improved, and the low-frequency radiation capacity of the antenna is enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a resistor-loaded miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna with bent tail ends.
Background
The Vivaldi antenna is a planar end-fire slot antenna, has the advantages of wide working frequency band, good directivity, low profile, low cross polarization, easy integration, low cost and the like, and is widely applied to the technical field of modern radio. From the development history of the Vivaldi antenna, the antipodal Vivaldi antenna adopts an improved feed structure, so that the high-frequency performance limitation caused by the traditional Vivaldi antenna feed structure is solved, but the lower limit of the working frequency is still limited by the size of the antenna port surface, and in general, the width of the Vivaldi antenna port surface is about half of the wavelength corresponding to the minimum working frequency, which greatly limits the further popularization and application of the antenna, so that the research of the antenna miniaturization technology is necessary to be carried out.
The essence of antenna miniaturization is the lower frequency limit that extends the antenna impedance bandwidth. Typical technical means are: ① The high dielectric constant material is adopted, so that the electric size of the antenna can be equivalently increased in theory to realize miniaturization, but in practice, the electric field of the antenna radiation structure is not completely limited in the material, and is distributed outside the dielectric plate, so that the miniaturization effect is not obvious, and in addition, the high dielectric constant material is high in price; ② The lower limit of impedance bandwidth can be expanded to a certain extent by improving the radiation patch structure, such as arranging a rectangular groove, changing the contour line of a gradual change curve, and the like, but part of the radiation patch structure is complex in design and has limited improvement effect; ③ The electromagnetic metamaterial is arranged, the effect is limited, and the design and processing difficulty is increased.
In summary, the miniaturization engineering of the antipodal Vivaldi antenna has great significance and urgent requirements, but the current technical means have limited effects. What is needed is to design a antipodal Vivaldi antenna capable of significantly improving the lower frequency limit of the antenna impedance bandwidth, so as to realize miniaturization of the antenna and expand the application range of the antipodal Vivaldi antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a resistor loading miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna with bent ends, which is characterized in that a bending structure is arranged and resistor loading is carried out by modifying the tail ends of the antenna, and a slotting mode is combined, so that the low-frequency radiation performance of the antipodal Vivaldi antenna is obviously improved, the miniaturization of the antipodal Vivaldi antenna is realized, and the technical problem that the lower limit of the impedance bandwidth frequency of the antenna is limited by the width of the antenna port surface is solved.
In order to achieve the above purpose and solve the above technical problems, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A resistor-loaded miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna with bent tail ends comprises a dielectric substrate, a metal radiation module, a feed structure and a loading resistor.
The dielectric substrate is a dielectric rectangular thin plate, and the thickness is in millimeter magnitude;
The metal radiation module is composed of metal radiation patches respectively printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, the shapes of the metal radiation patches on the upper surface and the lower surface are the same, and the metal radiation patches are in central symmetry relative to the central axis of the dielectric substrate along the radiation direction of the antenna; each metal radiation patch contour line comprises two gradual change curves, namely a long gradual change curve and a short gradual change curve. The tail end of each metal radiation patch long gradual change curve is bent towards the opposite direction of the radiation direction and linearly extends to the vicinity of the tail end of the short gradual change curve, the tail end of each metal radiation patch short gradual change curve is bent towards the radiation direction and linearly extends to the vicinity of the tail end of the long gradual change curve, and two linear metal strips which are parallel to the radiation direction of the antenna, have the same width and are not overlapped with each other are respectively formed on each metal radiation patch. The long gradual change curve contour line of the metal radiation patch on the upper surface and the linear extension section form a 7-shaped structure, the short gradual change curve contour line and the linear extension section form a factory-shaped structure, and the bending end of the metal radiation patch is formed by bending and the linear extension section in the two structures; the two structures formed on the lower surface metal radiation patch are consistent with the upper surface metal radiation patch and are vertically symmetrical. The bending and linear extending section of the 7-shaped structure is positioned at the edge of the medium substrate, and the bending and linear extending section of the factory-shaped structure is electrically connected with the inner side of the 7-shaped structure; a plurality of grooves with different depths and shapes are formed between the bending tail end and the long gradual change curve of each metal radiation patch, and each groove is electrically connected with each linear metal strip at the bending tail end;
The feed structure is a microstrip line-parallel double-line structure, the microstrip line conduction band is in a straight line and is parallel to the antenna radiation direction and is positioned at the center of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and the conduction band width is obtained by calculating the selected characteristic impedance and the relative dielectric constant and thickness of the adopted plate of the dielectric substrate; the microstrip line grounding plate is positioned on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, the upper side and the lower side are formed by gradual curves, the width of the grounding plate gradually narrows along the radiation direction of the antenna, a parallel double-line structure is formed at the tail end of the microstrip line and is respectively connected with the metal radiation patches on the upper surface and the lower surface, and the feeding of the metal radiation module is completed;
The loading resistor includes an upper surface loading resistor and a lower surface loading resistor. The position and mode of loading the resistor are that a plurality of parallel groove lines are formed on each linear metal strip in the bending tail end of each metal radiation patch to form discontinuous linear metal strips, and the resistor is loaded at two ends of each parallel groove line to complete the conduction and absorption of current.
Further, two gradual change curves included in each metal radiation patch contour line are curves such as exponential gradual change or elliptic gradual change; the coordinates of the starting points of the two gradual curves in the radiation direction along the antenna are consistent.
Further, the width of each linear metal strip in the bent end of each metal radiation patch is equal to the width of a gap between the metal strips, and the width of each linear metal strip is about one fortieth of the width of the antenna port surface.
Further, the length of the linear metal strip in the 7-shaped structure is equivalent to the projection length of the connecting line between the tail end of the short gradual change curve and the tail end of the long gradual change curve in the radiation direction of the antenna.
Further, the linear metal strip in the 'factory' -shaped structure is surrounded by the '7' -shaped structure, the length of the linear metal strip is smaller than that of the linear metal strip in the '7' -shaped structure, and the tail end of the linear metal strip is electrically connected with the '7' -shaped structure.
Further, the plurality of grooves with different depths are formed between the bending tail end and the long gradual change curve by the metal radiation patches, the grooves are triangular, rectangular or elliptical and the corresponding combination of the triangular, rectangular and elliptical, the depths of the grooves are gradually reduced along the radiation direction of the antenna, and the width of each groove line is larger than the gap width between the groove lines.
Further, the number of the upper and lower surface loading resistors is not less than 2; the width of the parallel groove formed on each linear metal strip at the resistor loading position is equal to the length of the chip resistor, and the number of the parallel groove lines formed on each linear metal strip is not less than 1.
Furthermore, the number and the resistance value of the resistors loaded on the linear metal strips and the positions of the parallel grooves can be optimized and selected according to actual conditions, and the resistance values and the loading positions on the symmetrical positions of the metal radiation patches on the upper surface and the lower surface are consistent. When only 1 resistor is loaded on each linear metal strip, the resistance value loaded on the linear metal strip in the 7-shaped structure is equivalent to the air wave impedance; the resistance value loaded on the linear metal strip in the factory-shaped structure is about 2 times of the air wave impedance.
The effective benefits of the invention are as follows:
1. According to the invention, the two gradual change curve ends of each metal radiation patch of the antenna are bent in opposite directions and linearly extended to form the 7-shaped and factory-shaped radiation structures, so that the bent ends are constructed, on one hand, the unexpected radiation of the original antenna end can be reduced, on the other hand, the main path length of the current distribution of the antenna on the two gradual change curves is prolonged, and the low-frequency radiation capacity of the antenna can be improved.
2. According to the invention, the two linear metal strips at the bent tail ends of each metal radiation patch of the antenna are loaded with larger resistance, so that part of energy at the tail ends of the 7-shaped and factory-shaped radiation structures is absorbed, reflection is reduced, and the lower limit of the impedance bandwidth frequency of the antenna can be effectively expanded.
3. The invention further improves the surface current distribution on the metal radiation patch and enhances the low-frequency radiation capability of the antenna by arranging the triangular, rectangular, elliptic or corresponding combined grooves on the part of the metal radiation patch except the 7-shaped and the factory-shaped structures.
4. The antenna structure and the resistor loading provided by the invention are mainly used for improving the internal structure of the antenna, the structure is simple, the antenna size does not need to be additionally increased, the miniaturization of the antenna can be obviously realized, and the width of the antenna port surface is smaller than 0.2 times of the wavelength corresponding to the lowest working frequency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a conventional antipodal Vivaldi antenna;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a resistor-loaded miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna with end bends;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of a resistor-loaded miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna with bent ends;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the back structure of a resistor-loaded miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna with end bends;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the resistance-loaded miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna with the conventional antipodal Vivaldi antenna S11 shown in FIG. 1 with end bends;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a gain frequency curve of a resistor-loaded miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna with end bends;
FIG. 7 is an E-plane pattern of a resistor-loaded miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna with end bends at different frequencies;
FIG. 8 is an H-plane pattern of a resistor-loaded miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna with end bends at different frequencies;
1-a dielectric substrate; 2-upper surface metal radiating patches; 3-a lower surface metal radiating patch; a 4-feed structure; 21-the end of a metal radiation patch on the upper surface of a conventional antipodal Vivaldi antenna; 31-the lower surface metal radiation patch end of a conventional antipodal Vivaldi antenna; 22-upper surface metal radiating patch gradual change curve; 23-short gradual change curve of upper surface metal radiation patch; 24-a linear metal strip formed by extending a long gradual curve curved needle of the upper surface metal radiation patch; 25-a linear metal strip formed by short gradual curve curved needle and extension of the upper surface metal radiation patch; 26-slot lines formed on the upper surface metal radiation patch; 32-a lower surface metal radiating patch gradual change curve; 33-short gradual change curve of the lower surface metal radiation patch; 34-a linear metal strip formed by extending a gradual curve curved needle of the metal radiation patch on the lower surface; 35-a linear metal strip formed by short gradual change curve curved needle and extension of the metal radiation patch on the lower surface; 36-slot lines formed on the lower surface metal radiation patch; 41-microstrip line conduction band of feed structure; 42-a microstrip line grounding plate of a feed structure; a loading resistor on the 51-straight metal bar 24; 52-loading resistance on the linear metal bar 25; 61-loading resistance on the linear metal bar 34; 62-loading resistor on linear metal bar 35.
Detailed Description
The invention is illustrated and described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a conventional antipodal Vivaldi antenna comprises a dielectric substrate 1, a metal radiating structure formed by upper and lower surface metal radiating patches 2, 3, and a feed structure 4. The upper surface metal radiation patch 2 and the lower surface metal radiation patch 3 have the same shape, are respectively printed on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate 1, and are centrosymmetric with respect to the central axis of the dielectric substrate 1 along the antenna radiation direction, i.e., AB in fig. 1. The antenna is fed by a microstrip line-parallel double-line structure, as shown in fig. 1, a microstrip line conduction band is 41, a microstrip line grounding plate is 42, the upper side and the lower side are gradually changed, the width is gradually narrowed along the radiation direction of the antenna, parallel double lines are formed at the point O and 41, and the parallel double lines are respectively connected with the upper surface metal radiation patch 2 and the lower surface metal radiation patch 3, so that the feeding of the antenna metal radiation structure is completed. The conventional antipodal Vivaldi antenna surface current distribution is mainly concentrated on the gradual change contour line, and taking the upper surface metal radiation patch 2 as an example, the current propagates along the long gradual change curve 22 and the short gradual change curve 23 on the metal radiation patch end 21 respectively, and since the metal radiation patch end 21 is a whole, two current paths are equivalent to limiting the length of each current path, and the lengths of the current paths 22 and 23 are different, the propagation time of the current and the moment of reflection are also different, and therefore, undesired radiation is generated on the metal radiation patch end 21.
Based on the above situation, the present invention improves the structure of the conventional antipodal Vivaldi antenna shown in fig. 1, and proposes a miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna with bent ends, as shown in fig. 2, the basic composition of the antipodal Vivaldi antenna is consistent with that of the conventional antipodal Vivaldi antenna, and on the basis of the basic composition, the conventional antipodal Vivaldi antenna is subjected to resistive loading, including upper surface resistive loading 51, 52 and lower surface resistive loading 61, 62.
As shown in fig. 2,3 and 4, the dielectric substrate 1 is a rectangular dielectric sheet, and has a length L, a width W, and a thickness on the order of millimeters.
As shown in fig. 2,3 and 4, the metal radiation module of the antipodal Vivaldi antenna provided by the invention is composed of an upper surface metal radiation patch 2 and a lower surface metal radiation patch 3, and the two metal radiation patches have the same shape, are symmetrical in center about a central axis AB of a dielectric substrate, and have the same resistance loading at corresponding positions, so that the implementation and construction process are specifically illustrated by taking the upper surface metal radiation patch 2 as an example.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the outline of the upper surface metal radiation patch 2 includes two gradient curves, namely a long gradient curve 22 and a short gradient curve 23, which may be curves such as an exponential gradient or an elliptical gradient, and the coordinates of the starting point positions of the two gradient curves in the radiation direction along the antenna are the same, that is, the x-axis coordinates shown in fig. 2 and 3 are identical. The end of the long gradation curve 22 ends at the edge of the medium substrate, and the end of the short gradation curve 23 is kept at a distance W 2 from the edge of the medium substrate. The end of the long gradation curve 22 is bent toward the antenna radiation direction, i.e., the negative x direction in the figure, and linearly extends to the vicinity of the end of the short gradation curve 23, obtaining a linear metal bar 24 of width W 3 parallel to the antenna radiation direction, which forms a "7" shaped structure with the long gradation curve 22. The end of the short gradation curve 23 is bent toward the antenna radiation direction, i.e., the positive x direction in the figure, and linearly extends to the vicinity of the end of the long gradation curve 22, obtaining a linear metal strip 25 having a width of W 3 as well, which is parallel to the antenna radiation direction, is electrically connected to the "7" shaped structure, and forms a "factory" shaped structure with the short gradation curve 23. The 7-shaped structure and the bending and linear extension sections in the factory-shaped structure form the bending end of the antipodal Vivaldi antenna. A gap with a width W 4 exists between the linear metal strips 24 and 25, W 4 is equivalent to W 3, and the width W of the linear metal strips is about one fortieth of the width W of the medium substrate 1; w 2 is about twice as large as W 3. The length of the linear metal bar 24 is equal to the projection length of the tail end connecting line of the long gradual change curve 22 and the short gradual change curve 23 in the x direction, and the length of the linear metal bar 25 is smaller than that of the linear metal bar 24, namely, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the factory-shaped structure is semi-surrounded by the 7-shaped structure.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, a plurality of grooves 26 with different depths and shapes are formed between the bending end of the upper surface metal radiation patch 2 and the long gradual change curve 22, the grooves are triangular, rectangular or elliptical and the corresponding combination, and the grooves are electrically connected with the linear metal strips 25; the width of the grooves is L 5 which is larger than the width L 6 of the metal gap between the grooves. The number of grooves can be further optimized according to the actual requirements. The depth of the slotted line is W 5, and is gradually reduced along the radiation direction of the antenna; the vertical distance W 6,W6 between the bottom of each score line and the long gradation curve 22 may be uniform or may vary with the position of the score line.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the loading position and mode of the upper surface resistor are that a plurality of parallel slot lines are opened on the linear metal strips 25 and 26, the width is equal to the length of the chip resistor, and then the discontinuous linear metal strips are formed, and the resistors 51 and 52 are respectively loaded at two ends of the corresponding parallel slot lines, so that the current conduction and absorption are completed. As shown in the figure, the number of upper surface resistance loads is not less than 2, i.e., not less than 1 grooved line per linear metal bar. The number of resistors on each linear metal strip, namely the number, the positions and the resistance values of the loaded resistors, can be optimized and selected according to actual conditions. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, when only 1 resistor is loaded on each linear metal bar, the resistance value loaded on the metal bar 24 is equivalent to the air wave impedance; the resistance value applied to the metal strip 25 is about 2 times the air wave resistance.
As shown in fig. 2,3 and 4, the feeding structure of the antipodal Vivaldi antenna provided by the invention is consistent with that of a conventional antipodal Vivaldi antenna shown in fig. 1, and the working process and the feeding principle are consistent.
The specific principle and the working process of the resistor-loaded miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna with bent ends are as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, the current is fed through the microstrip line-parallel twin-line feed structure 4 into the antipodal Vivaldi antenna metal radiating structure and propagates forward along two pairs of tapering curves, the long tapering curves 22, 32 of the upper and lower surface metal radiating patches 2 and3, and the short tapering curves 23, 33 of the upper and lower surface metal radiating patches 2 and3, respectively; when the current propagates to the end of the gradual curve, a part of the current still reflects and returns to the feed end, but still a part of the current propagates forward along the bending structure, namely the linear metal strips 24, 34 and 25, 35 in fig. 2, so that the current propagation path length is effectively prolonged, the radiation capacity is enhanced, and a large resistor load is arranged on each linear metal strip, so that part of energy is absorbed, further reflection is reduced, and the lower limit of the impedance bandwidth frequency of the antenna can be effectively expanded. In addition, the groove lines with different shapes and depths are arranged on the metal patch between the bending tail end and the long gradual change curve, so that the current distribution on the surface of the antenna can be further improved, and the low-frequency radiation capability is enhanced.
Examples
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, a resistor-loaded miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna with bent ends is adopted, wherein FR4 with a relative dielectric constant of 4.3 is selected as the dielectric substrate 1 of the antenna, the loss tangent is 0.02, the thickness of the dielectric substrate is 2mm, the width W is 240mm, and the length L is 340mm. The characteristic impedance of the microstrip line of the feed structure 4 is 50Ω, and accordingly, the microstrip line conduction band width is calculated to be 3.75mm. And at the tail ends of parallel double lines in the feed structure 4, a rectangular coordinate system is established by taking the central position O of a parallel double line port as a coordinate origin, the radiation direction of an antenna is the positive direction of an x axis, and the width direction of a dielectric substrate is the y direction. AB is the central axis of the antenna dielectric substrate along the antenna radiation direction.
As shown in fig. 2, the upper surface metal radiation patch 2 and the lower surface metal radiation patch 3 together form a metal radiation module of the antenna, the upper surface metal radiation patch 2 and the lower surface metal radiation patch 3 have the same shape, are centrosymmetric with respect to the central axis AB of the dielectric substrate, and have the same loading mode and loading value of the resistor at the corresponding position. The construction of the antenna radiation module in this embodiment is thus described by taking the above surface metal radiation patch 2 as an example.
As shown in fig. 3, the gradient contours in the upper surface metal radiation patch 2 are all exponential gradient curves, wherein the length L 1 of the long gradient curve 22 in the x direction is 303mm, and the equation is y=2.91 exp (0.012 x) -4.76; the length L 2 of the short gradation curve 23 in the x direction is 49mm, and the equation thereof is y=0.001 exp (0.012 x) +1.85. The x-axis coordinates of the initial end positions of the two gradual change curves are consistent.
As shown in fig. 3, the end of the long gradient curve 22 is bent in the opposite direction of the antenna radiation direction, i.e. in the negative direction of x, and linearly extends to the vicinity of the short gradient curve 23 to form a linear metal bar 24, and in this embodiment, the x-axis coordinate of the end of the extended linear metal bar 24 is the same as the x-axis coordinate of the end of the short gradient curve, and the width W 3 of the metal bar is 6mm; the vertical distance W 2 between the end of the short gradation curve 23 and the long side edge of the dielectric substrate is 12.4mm, and the end of the short gradation curve is bent in the positive x-axis direction and extends to the vicinity of the end of the long gradation curve 22, and is electrically disconnected from the long gradation curve 22, and the width of the extended linear metal bar 25 is the same as that of the linear metal bar 24. The two bent and extended parts of the tail ends of the gradual change curves jointly form the bent tail ends of the upper surface metal radiation patch 2.
As shown in fig. 3, 14 rectangular metal slot lines are formed between the bent end of the upper surface metal radiating patch 2 and the long gradation curve 22, the width L 6 of the rectangular metal slot lines is 10.1mm, and the metal gap width L 5 between the slot lines is 4.1mm. The depth W 5 of each metal slot line decreases along the x-direction, and the vertical distance W 6 between the bottom of each metal slot line and the long taper 22 is 8.8mm.
As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the number of loading of the upper surface metal radiation patch resistor is 2, and is 51 and 52, and the upper surface metal radiation patch resistor is respectively loaded on the linear metal strips 24 and 25; the distance L 3 between the resistor load 51 on the linear metal bar 24 and the tail end of the linear metal bar is 218.5mm, and the distance L 4 between the resistor load 52 on the linear metal bar 25 and the tail end of the short gradual curve is 126.9mm. Further optimization can obtain that the resistance value of the resistor loading 51 is 450 Ω, and the resistance value of the resistor loading 52 is 690 Ω, which are equivalent to the air wave impedance and 2 times the air wave impedance, respectively.
As shown in fig. 2,3 and 4, the shape of the lower surface metal radiation patch 3 is the same as that of the upper surface metal radiation patch 2, and the resistance loading positions, the loading number and the resistance values at the symmetrical positions are the same.
The present embodiment models and calculates in the electromagnetic simulation software CST microwave studio.
As shown in fig. 5, the S11 curve of the conventional antipodal Vivaldi antenna with the same size is compared with that of the conventional antipodal Vivaldi antenna in the embodiment provided by the present invention, the lower frequency limit of the conventional antipodal Vivaldi antenna when S11 < -10dB is 0.54GHz, that is, the antenna width is about 0.54 times of the corresponding wavelength, whereas the lower frequency limit of the conventional antipodal Vivaldi antenna in the embodiment provided by the present invention is about 0.22GHz, and the antenna width is about 0.18 times of the corresponding wavelength.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing gain frequency of an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the gain of the antenna is above about 6dBi in the frequency range above 1GHz, and the gain increases approximately linearly with frequency in the frequency range below 1 GHz. Fig. 7 and 8 are respectively normalized gain patterns of the E-plane and the H-plane of a typical frequency point below 2.5GHz of the antenna.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with specific embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to such description. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The resistor loading miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna with the bent tail end is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate, a metal radiation module, a feed structure and a loading resistor;
The dielectric substrate is a dielectric rectangular thin plate, and the thickness of the dielectric substrate is millimeter magnitude;
The metal radiation module is composed of metal radiation patches respectively printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, the shapes of the metal radiation patches on the upper surface and the lower surface are the same, and the metal radiation patches are centrally symmetrical relative to the central axis of the dielectric substrate along the radiation direction of the antenna; each metal radiation patch contour line comprises two gradual change curves, namely a long gradual change curve and a short gradual change curve; the tail end of each metal radiation patch long gradual change curve is bent towards the opposite direction of the radiation direction and linearly extends to the vicinity of the tail end of the short gradual change curve, the tail end of each metal radiation patch short gradual change curve is bent towards the radiation direction and linearly extends to the vicinity of the tail end of the long gradual change curve, and two linear metal strips which are parallel to the radiation direction of the antenna, have the same width and are not overlapped with each other are respectively formed on each metal radiation patch; the long gradual change curve contour line of the metal radiation patch on the upper surface and the linear extension section form a 7-shaped structure, the short gradual change curve contour line and the linear extension section form a factory-shaped structure, and the bending end of the metal radiation patch is formed by bending and the linear extension section in the two structures; the two structures formed on the lower surface metal radiation patch are consistent with the upper surface metal radiation patch and are vertically symmetrical; the bending and linear extending section of the 7-shaped structure is positioned at the edge of the medium substrate, and the bending and linear extending section of the factory-shaped structure is electrically connected with the inner side of the 7-shaped structure; a plurality of grooves with different depths and shapes are formed between the bending tail end and the long gradual change curve of each metal radiation patch, and each groove is electrically connected with each linear metal strip at the bending tail end;
the feed structure is a microstrip line-parallel double-line structure, the microstrip line conduction band is in a straight line shape and is parallel to the antenna radiation direction and is positioned at the center of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and the conduction band width is obtained by calculating the selected characteristic impedance and the relative dielectric constant and thickness of the adopted plates of the dielectric substrate; the microstrip line grounding plate is positioned on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, the upper side and the lower side are formed by gradual curves, the width of the grounding plate gradually narrows along the radiation direction of the antenna, a parallel double-line structure is formed at the tail end of the microstrip line and is respectively connected with the metal radiation patches on the upper surface and the lower surface, and the feeding of the metal radiation module is completed;
The loading resistor comprises an upper surface loading resistor and a lower surface loading resistor, wherein the loading resistor is arranged in the mode that a plurality of parallel groove lines are formed on each linear metal strip in the bending tail end of each metal radiation patch to form discontinuous linear metal strips, and the resistor is loaded at two ends of each parallel groove line to complete conduction and absorption of current.
2. A bent-end resistor-loaded miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna according to claim 1, wherein the two gradient curves included in each metal radiating patch contour are curves such as exponential gradient and elliptical gradient; the starting points of the two gradual curves are consistent with the coordinates along the radiation direction of the antenna.
3. A bent-end resistor-loaded miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna according to claim 1, wherein the width of each linear metal strip in the bent end of each metal radiating patch is equal to the width of the gap between the metal strips, and is fortieth of the width of the antenna port face.
4. A resistor-loaded miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna with end bends according to claim 1, wherein the length of the linear metal strip in the 7-shaped structure is equivalent to the projected length of the connecting line between the end of the short gradient curve and the end of the long gradient curve in the radiation direction of the antenna.
5. A bent-end resistor-loaded miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna according to claim 1, wherein the linear metal strips in the "factory" shape are surrounded by the "7" shape, the length is smaller than the linear metal strips in the "7" shape, and the ends of the linear metal strips are electrically disconnected from the "7" shape.
6. A bent-end resistor-loaded miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the plurality of slots of different depths defined by each metal radiating patch between the bent end and the length-graded curve are triangular, rectangular or elliptical in shape and corresponding combinations thereof, the depth of each slot decreasing in the direction of antenna radiation, the width of each slot line being greater than the width of the gap between the slot lines.
7. The miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna with end bending resistance loading of claim 6, wherein the number of upper and lower surface loading resistors is not less than 2; the width of the parallel groove formed on each linear metal strip at the resistor loading position is equal to the length of the chip resistor, and the number of the parallel groove lines formed on each linear metal strip is not less than 1.
8. The miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna of a terminal bending resistor loading according to claim 6, wherein the number and the resistance value of the resistors loaded on each linear metal strip and the position of the parallel grooves can be selected according to practical situations, and the resistance values and the loading positions on the symmetrical positions of the metal radiation patches on the upper surface and the lower surface are consistent.
9. The miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna with bent ends and resistor loading according to claim 8, wherein when only 1 resistor is loaded on each linear metal bar, the resistance value loaded on the linear metal bar in the 7-shaped structure is equivalent to the air wave impedance; the resistance value loaded on the linear metal strip in the factory-shaped structure is 2 times of the air wave impedance.
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| CN115020975B (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-12-09 | 中信科移动通信技术股份有限公司 | Circularly polarized gradient double-slotted antenna and control method thereof |
| CN116191005B (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2023-12-19 | 无锡国芯微电子系统有限公司 | Ultra-wideband opposite-rubbing comb-shaped slotted Vivaldi antenna |
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