CN114721052B - A seismic amplitude quality control method based on multi-well logging data - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于多测井数据的地震振幅质控方法。包括：目标井选择步骤，用于选择测井数据满足预设条件的井作为目标井；球面补偿步骤，用于对所述目标井数据进行球面扩散补偿；单井质控步骤，用于对井点位置处的地震数据的浅、中、深振幅趋势进行比较，约束井旁道垂向振幅恢复效果；联井质控步骤，用于在联井方式下质控多井点和井间的振幅恢复效果。因此，本方法以单井质控结果为基础，利用多口井的合成地震记录数据，本方法可以完成数据的垂向和横向振幅趋势质控。
The present invention relates to a seismic amplitude quality control method based on multiple well logging data. It includes: a target well selection step, which is used to select a well whose logging data meets preset conditions as a target well; a spherical compensation step, which is used to perform spherical diffusion compensation on the target well data; a single well quality control step, which is used to compare the shallow, medium and deep amplitude trends of seismic data at the well point location, and constrain the vertical amplitude recovery effect of the well bypass; a well-joined quality control step, which is used to quality control the amplitude recovery effect of multiple well points and wells in a well-joined manner. Therefore, this method is based on the single well quality control results, and uses the synthetic seismic recording data of multiple wells. This method can complete the vertical and lateral amplitude trend quality control of the data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a quality control method for seismic amplitude, belongs to the technical field of geological exploration, and particularly relates to a quality control method for seismic amplitude based on multi-well logging data.
Background
The seismic exploration target gradually turns to small-scale lithology recognition from large-scale construction explanation. The key point of the method is that the amplitude information of the effective wave is protected and compensated in the seismic data processing process. However, in the current data processing process, the processing effect mainly depends on experience, and no measurement scale is used for evaluating the data, so that the compensation effect is difficult to guarantee. For example, before and after amplitude recovery, the face and the amplitude attenuation curve of a single gun are compared to see whether the amplitude is compensated in place, and the discriminant criterion compares the subjective and the one-sided.
In order to overcome the defects, the prior art provides well control seismic data processing technology, utilizes well data such as logging, VSP and the like to analyze and control quality of the seismic data, is used for overcoming the defect of knowledge in data processing, meets the requirements of geological analysis and oil gas development on high-precision lithology interpretation of the seismic data, and further provides well control amplitude compensation, well control deconvolution, well control anti-Q compensation and other technologies on the basis.
However, the current well control processing technology mainly utilizes well information to control the quality of data of a well bypass, well point data and well point data cannot be compared on the same standard, and data far away from the well point cannot be controlled in quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
The invention mainly aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, single well data is utilized to control the quality of a well bypass amplitude recovery effect, parameter differences among multiple wells cannot be dealt with, and the data recovery effect far away from well points cannot be restrained.
In order to solve the problems, the scheme of the invention is as follows:
A seismic amplitude quality control method based on multi-log data, comprising:
A target well selecting step, which is used for selecting a well with logging data meeting preset conditions as a target well;
a spherical surface compensation step, which is used for performing spherical surface diffusion compensation on the target well data;
A single well quality control step, which is used for comparing shallow, medium and deep amplitude trends of the seismic data at well point positions and restraining the vertical amplitude recovery effect of the side channel of the well;
And a well connection quality control step, which is used for quality control of the amplitude recovery effect between the multi-well points and the wells in a well connection mode.
Preferably, the method for controlling seismic amplitude quality based on multi-log data further includes:
And a well curve correction step, which is used for carrying out environment, outlier and normalization processing on the seismic data.
Preferably, in the method for controlling seismic amplitude quality based on multi-log data, the preset conditions for selecting the target well in the target well selecting step include one or more of the following conditions:
(1) The correlation coefficient between the synthetic seismic record and the well side channel reaches a preset value;
(2) The well is positioned in the exploration area, and the seismic data has full coverage times;
(3) The underground construction of the well location is simple and the signal to noise ratio is good.
Preferably, in the seismic amplitude quality control method based on multi-log data, in the spherical compensation step, a time-speed compensation mode is adopted to perform spherical compensation based on the following formula:
Wherein A (0) is the amplitude value before recovery, t is the sampling point time, A (t) is the amplitude after recovery, v 0 is the speed of 0 time, v (t) is the speed of the current time t, and the speed is provided by a database.
Preferably, in the seismic amplitude quality control method based on multi-log data, in the spherical compensation step, an exponential function compensation mode is adopted to perform spherical compensation based on the following formula:
Where A is the amplitude value, t is the sample time (milliseconds), and n is the index value defining the compensation function.
Preferably, the method for controlling quality of seismic amplitude based on multi-log data, wherein the single-well quality control step comprises the following substeps:
A well vibration calibration sub-step of calculating a synthetic seismic record by using the longitudinal wave speed and the density of a target well, and performing time-depth conversion and horizon calibration;
An amplitude recovery sub-step of performing amplitude compensation on the synthesized seismic data;
comparing the amplitude energy curves to a substep, calculating amplitude energy curves of the synthetic seismic record channel and the well side channel, and controlling whether the energy trend of the quality control energy curve from shallow to deep is compensated in place or not;
and a regional amplitude compensation sub-step, wherein the difference caused by the regional lithology difference is compensated.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned seismic amplitude quality control method based on multi-log data, in the step of area amplitude compensation, an energy compensation factor of area lithology is obtained based on the following formula:
e k is the kth compensation factor, i is time, j is the track number, A is amplitude, t is window time, and N is the total track number.
Preferably, the method for controlling quality of seismic amplitude based on multi-log data, the step of controlling quality of well connection comprises the following substeps:
a horizon dividing sub-step of explaining and tracking horizons in the seismic data far from the well according to the well calibration result;
Converting the layer traced on the seismic section into a depth domain and constructing a quality control model section corresponding to the cross section by combining the speed and density curves of the well;
a wave group characteristic comparison sub-step of comparing the wave group characteristics and the energy trend of the well-connected profile of the ground vibration data and the model profile according to the quality control model profile obtained by simulation as a scale;
an amplitude compensation sub-step, using the space-variant compensation parameter value to compensate the vertical amplitude of the multi-well data.
Therefore, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. The method utilizes the synthetic seismic record data of a plurality of wells, and can perform quality control of the vertical amplitude trend of multiple points on the three-dimensional data body;
2. according to the method, based on a single well quality control result, space variation is performed on the spherical diffusion parameter n, so that the amplitude compensation effect is more in line with the actual geological condition;
3. The method comprises the steps of manufacturing a cross section of a well-connected geological model by utilizing multiple wells, and performing quality control on data far away from well points by taking the cross section as a scale;
4. the method can finish quality control of the vertical and horizontal amplitude trend of the data.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the invention and to enable a person skilled in the pertinent art to make and use the disclosure.
FIG. 1 illustrates a vibration amplitude quality control method in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic of well locations in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates a logic flow diagram of a monitor processing apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates an amplitude compensated quality control schematic under a well-tie constraint in an embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
Examples
The embodiment firstly provides a seismic amplitude quality control method based on multi-logging data, which comprises the following steps:
Step one, well profile correction
The well curve is used as a scale in the well control processing process to evaluate the processing effect of the seismic data, so that the correctness of the well data is a precondition of quality control. Before the well data is used, the data needs to be corrected for environment, abnormal value, normalization and the like, and the difference of the data caused by non-geological factors is eliminated.
Step two, optimizing target well
Because of the varying quality of the log data, quality control will be counterproductive if problematic or non-representative wells are introduced into the well control process. Wells that can be used as quality control therefore require the following three conditions for screening:
① The synthetic seismic records have a correlation coefficient of more than 0.6 with the well side channel;
② The well is positioned in the exploration area, and the seismic data has full coverage times;
③ The underground construction of the well location is simple and the signal to noise ratio is good.
Step three, amplitude compensation
Since the amplitude of seismic data decays with increasing propagation distance after the seismic wave is excited, the first step in seismic data amplitude recovery is spherical diffusion compensation. Spherical diffusion compensation is mainly divided into two types, namely a time-velocity pair and an exponential function compensation mode.
① Time speed pair compensation method
The method has the advantages that the velocity is used as a parameter, and the seismic velocity is analyzed from the velocity, so that the velocity is a volume of data, is spatially variable and is more reasonable theoretically. But the restoration effect will determine that it cannot be changed once the speed is determined.
② Exponential function compensation method
Where A is the amplitude value, t is the sample time (milliseconds), and n is the index value defining the compensation function.
The method has the advantages that the recovery effect can control the amplitude relative relation of shallow, medium, deep, near, medium and far through the parameter n, and the defect that only one parameter can be selected and complex geological conditions cannot be dealt with.
Fourth, single well quality control
Single well amplitude constraint is the first step of well constraint amplitude quality control, and aims to compare shallow, medium and deep amplitude trends of seismic data at well point positions by using well data, and to constrain the vertical amplitude recovery effect of a well bypass. Since the velocity is mainly used for amplitude recovery of the seismic data in the seismic data processing process, but since the recovery effect of the velocity on the compensation method is determined by the velocity, the recovery effect is determined to be unchanged once the velocity is determined, and the exponential function compensation method controls the compensation effect through the parameter n in the formula (2). Therefore, the compensation effect is adjusted by using a exponential function compensation method during single well quality control.
① Well shock calibration
And (3) obtaining a synthetic seismic record by using the longitudinal wave speed and the density of the target well, converting the time domain of the seismic data into the depth domain of the well data by using the synthetic seismic record according to the geological stratification and the seismic data on the well, and accurately calibrating the depth domain stratification data on the well data to the same phase axis of the time domain in the seismic data.
② Amplitude recovery
When the amplitude quality control node is embedded in the conventional flow, the amplitude of the seismic data is compensated by using a speed pair compensation method and an exponential function compensation method. When the curve matching after amplitude recovery does not meet the preset condition, an exponential function compensation method can be directly used for compensating the amplitude of the seismic data.
③ Amplitude energy curve comparison
And calculating amplitude energy curves of the synthetic seismic record and the well side channel, overlapping and comparing the coincidence degree of the two curves, controlling whether the energy trend of the well side channel from shallow to deep is compensated in place or not, and if the energy trend of the well side channel is inconsistent with the energy trend of the synthetic seismic record, adjusting a parameter n in an exponential function compensation method to ensure that the shallow, medium and deep amplitude energy trend of the well side channel is consistent with the energy trend of the synthetic seismic record.
Step five, regional amplitude compensation
In reality, the underground lithology has a certain change in the transverse direction due to the change of the deposition environment. The earth surface consistency amplitude compensation method used in the treatment process is based on the premise that the effective wave energy is irrelevant to the position, so that when the lithology of the area is changed transversely, the situation that the amplitude of the reflected wave of the target layer deviates from the lithology can occur. For such a case, a region amplitude compensation factor method is used to extract a compensation factor in a region (a same deposition environment) where a lateral lithology variation is small, and compensate for a difference due to a region lithology difference. The compensation method comprises selecting a stable mark layer from data, opening a time window containing mark layer on the layer, calculating energy compensation factor by amplitude energy accumulation, and multiplying seismic data in the region by the amplitude compensation factor to compensate amplitudes of different regions. The energy compensation factor is calculated according to the following formula:
Wherein E k is the kth compensation factor, i is time, j is channel number, A is amplitude, t is window time, and N is total channel number.
Step six, well connection quality control
The quality control of a single well is mainly based on the vertical energy trend of a side channel of the well of the shallow, medium and deep amplitude energy trend of the synthetic seismic record, but the well can only control a bit of information, the data far away from the well position can not be controlled in quality, and in addition, if a plurality of wells exist, the quality control results among the wells can not be dealt with when the quality control results among the wells are inconsistent. Therefore, the quality control of the amplitude recovery effect between multiple well points and wells in a well-by-well mode is required.
① Geological horizon partitioning
The single well calibration result can be used for converting the geological horizon on the depth domain to the seismic section of the well point position, and interpreting and tracking the horizons in the seismic data far away from the well according to the well calibration result, so that in order to improve the subsequent model effect, a plurality of auxiliary horizons need to be properly interpreted in an encrypted manner between interpreted target horizons.
② Geological model establishment and simulation
And extracting a well-connecting quality control section according to the quality control well position, and converting the layer traced on the seismic section into a depth domain by utilizing the relation between the speed and the time depth of the well. And constructing a digital model based on the speed and density curves of the well and the converted horizon data, and obtaining a quality control model section corresponding to the cross section of the well through the simulation.
③ Wave group feature contrast
And (3) comparing the wave group characteristics and the energy trend of the well-connected profile and the model profile of the seismic data according to the quality control model profile obtained by simulation as a scale, and controlling the amplitude recovery effect of the well-connected profile.
④ Amplitude compensation
During processing, the parameter n of the exponential compensation method typically uses one value throughout the investigation region. In the multi-well quality control process, the inconsistency of n parameters obtained by testing among wells often occurs, if the same value is used for carrying out amplitude recovery on the data of the full-work area, the recovery effect of the position of each well point cannot be ensured, and meanwhile, the actual geological condition that the deposition is transversely changed is not met. According to the amplitude compensation parameter value of single well quality control, according to the distance between the shot point position and the quality control well, multiplying the n parameter by an inverse distance weighting coefficient W to obtain the amplitude compensation parameter n value at the position far from the well, so that the n value is spatially changed along with the well position. Wherein the inverse distance weighting coefficient is calculated as:
Wherein W is a weight coefficient, i is a serial number, n i is a compensation parameter of the ith well, and d i is a distance from the ith well.
The use of space-variant compensation parameter values is reasonable for the recovery of the vertical amplitude of multi-well data, but because of the difference of parameters, the deep amplitude transverse anomalies are caused, and for such transverse anomalies, a regional amplitude compensation method is needed, and different regional compensation factors are calculated by using a formula 3 to compensate the target horizon so as to eliminate the transverse inconsistencies.
The effects of the present invention will be described below with reference to a specific embodiment.
Step one, investigation of work area conditions
The exploration area is positioned in the middle section of Lv Liangshan veins, the earth surface is loess landform, and the elevation of the earth surface is 620-1030 m. The underground structure is in a monoclinic structure with southwest tendency, and has gentle wave-shaped and slow local development. The stratum has ancient world, midwife world and new world from old to new, the main coal-bearing stratum in the region is the Benxi group, the Taiyuan group and the Shanxi group, the available coal seam has 11 layers, and the burial depth of the coal seam is 1200-1700 m.
Step two, logging data correction
The well curve is used as a scale in the well control processing process to evaluate the processing effect of the seismic data, so that the correctness of the well data is a precondition of quality control. Because the construction time of well drilling and well logging in the area is inconsistent, well logging instruments, construction teams and constructors are inconsistent, and the well logging instruments, the well diameter, the construction speed and other factors influence the well logging instruments, the well diameter, the construction speed and other factors, and the data have certain differences relative to real data, so that the data need to be corrected for environment, abnormal values, normalization and the like before the well data are used, and the differences of the data caused by non-geological factors are eliminated.
Step three, target well optimization
Because of the varying quality of the log data, quality control will be counterproductive if problematic or non-representative wells are introduced into the well control process. Thus a well that can be used as a quality control needs to meet the following three conditions:
① The synthetic seismic records have higher correlation coefficients with the well side channels;
② The well is positioned in the exploration area, and the seismic data has full coverage times;
③ The underground construction of the well location is simple and the signal to noise ratio is good.
Based on basic information such as well location plan (fig. 2), well information table (table 1), etc., it is preferable that J08 and J24 wells are quality control target wells.
Table 1 well information table
Fourth, single well quality control effect
As can be seen from an examination of the energy curve of J24 (fig. 3 a), the energy trend of the synthetic seismic record at the calculation from the log data is that the shallow energy is weak and the energy near the target layer (coal seam) is strong, because the shallow is mainly sandy rock with a small reflection coefficient and the coal seam and surrounding rock with a large reflection coefficient. However, the seismic data energy curve of the by-pass is similar to the shallow energy and the deep energy, because no objective judgment basis is adopted in the data processing process, and the shallow, medium and deep energy areas are regarded as being consistent subjectively, so that the compensation is regarded as in place, and the phenomenon of overcompensation occurs. The amplitude is adjusted by reducing the parameter n in the exponential function compensation method through the curve quality control result, the new quality control result is shown in fig. 3b, the energy curve of the new data well side channel is basically consistent with the energy curve of the synthetic seismic record, and the amplitude compensation effect is reasonable.
Fifth step, quality control effect of the well connection
As can be seen from the cross section of J08 and J24 (fig. 4 a), the overall formation configuration is anticline-winged. A digital model is constructed using the well velocity and density curves, and the picked-up horizon data as a basis (fig. 4 b), and the model is modeled to obtain a model profile (fig. 4 c). As can be seen from a comparison of the actual data profile (fig. 4 a) and the model profile (fig. 4 c), the model construction morphology is substantially identical to the actual data, and the vertical energy trend of the well bypass is corrected due to the Shan Jingzhi control performed on the seismic data, but the reflected energy of the coal seam near the well J08 is weaker than the energy near the well J24 in the data, which is not in line with the actual situation that the lithology of the coal-based stratum changes slowly in the lateral direction. Fig. 4d shows seismic data obtained by quality control of the parameter n and the regional amplitude compensation factor in the index compensation method using the model well-logging profile as a standard, and it can be seen from fig. 4d that the phenomenon of lateral non-uniformity of the reflected wave of the coal seam of the compensated profile is improved.
Based on the description, the embodiment can perform quality control on the vertical amplitude trend of multiple points on the three-dimensional data body by utilizing the synthetic seismic record data of multiple wells, the embodiment uses the single-well quality control result as the basis, performs space-variant on the parameter n of the index compensation method to enable the amplitude compensation effect to be more consistent with the actual geological condition, and uses the multiple-well manufacturing connected-well geological model section as a scale to perform quality control on the data far from the well points, so that the method of the embodiment can finish the quality control on the vertical and horizontal amplitude trend of the data.
While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methodologies are shown and described as a series of acts, it is to be understood and appreciated that the methodologies are not limited by the order of acts, as some acts may, in accordance with one or more embodiments, occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein or not shown and described herein, as would be understood and appreciated by those skilled in the art.
Note that references in the specification to "one embodiment," "an example embodiment," "some embodiments," etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A seismic amplitude quality control method based on multi-log data, comprising:
A target well selecting step, which is used for selecting a well with logging data meeting preset conditions as a target well;
a spherical surface compensation step, which is used for performing spherical surface diffusion compensation on the target well data;
A single well quality control step, which is used for comparing shallow, medium and deep amplitude trends of the seismic data at well point positions and restraining the vertical amplitude recovery effect of the side channel of the well;
And a well connection quality control step, which is used for quality control of the amplitude recovery effect between the multi-well points and the wells in a well connection mode.
2. The method for seismic amplitude quality control based on multi-log data of claim 1, characterized by further comprising:
And a well curve correction step, which is used for carrying out environment, outlier and normalization processing on the seismic data.
3. The method for seismic amplitude quality control based on multi-log data of claim 1, wherein, in the target well selecting step, the preset conditions for selecting the target well include one or more of the following conditions:
(1) The correlation coefficient between the synthetic seismic record and the well side channel reaches a preset value;
(2) The well is located inside the exploration area and the seismic data has full coverage times.
4. The seismic amplitude quality control method based on multi-log data according to claim 1, wherein in the spherical compensation step, spherical compensation is performed by adopting an exponential function compensation mode based on the following formula:
Wherein A (t) is amplitude after recovery, A (0) is amplitude before recovery, A is amplitude, t is sample time, n is an index value defining a compensation function.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the single well quality control step comprises the sub-steps of:
A well vibration calibration sub-step of obtaining a synthetic seismic record by using the longitudinal wave speed and density of a target well, and performing deep conversion and horizon calibration;
An amplitude recovery sub-step of performing amplitude compensation on the synthesized seismic data;
Comparing the amplitude energy curves to a substep, calculating amplitude energy curves of the synthetic seismic record channel and the well side channel, and controlling whether the energy trend of the quality control energy curve from shallow to deep is compensated in place or not;
and a regional amplitude compensation sub-step, wherein the difference caused by the regional lithology difference is compensated.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein in the sub-step of regional amplitude compensation, an energy compensation factor for regional lithology is obtained based on the following formula:
E k is the kth compensation factor, i is time, j is the track number, A is amplitude, t 1 is window time, and N is the total track number.
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| US5642327A (en) * | 1994-06-08 | 1997-06-24 | Exxon Production Research Company | Method for creating a gain function for seismic data and method for processing seismic data |
| FR2831961B1 (en) * | 2001-11-07 | 2004-07-23 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | METHOD FOR PROCESSING SEISMIC DATA OF WELLS IN ABSOLUTE PRESERVED AMPLITUDE |
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