CN114720150A - Test method and test system for sound insulation performance of whole vehicle - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a test method and a test system for sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle, which comprises the following steps: adjusting a sound source of the reverberation chamber to form a reverberation environment until the sound pressure at each part of the outer surface of the test sample car is basically equal; measuring sound signals in the test sample car in multiple directions by using a spherical sound array, wherein the spherical sound array is arranged in the test sample car; analyzing according to the sound signals in the vehicle to obtain sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle; and analyzing according to the sound pressure distribution data to obtain weak parts of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle. Compared with the traditional test method, the test method is simpler, the efficiency is higher, the region with weak sound insulation performance of the vehicle can be pointed out through one-time measurement, the arrangement difficulty is greatly reduced, the limitation of the position of a measurement region can be avoided, the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the whole vehicle is analyzed, the weak region obtained through final measurement is more accurate, and the region with weak sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle can be rapidly measured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automobiles, in particular to a method and a system for testing sound insulation performance of a whole automobile.
Background
At present, in order to improve the comfort of the vehicle, the requirement on the sound insulation performance of the automobile is higher and higher. In order to improve the sound insulation performance of the automobile, the structure of the automobile can be optimized aiming at the sound leakage and sound transmission positions of the automobile so as to improve the sound insulation performance of the automobile. In order to detect the sound insulation performance of a vehicle, the sound pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the vehicle is often collected respectively to judge the sound insulation performance of each area.
In the related art, in order to obtain a weak area of the sound insulation performance of a vehicle, the sound insulation performance of different areas can be measured respectively, and an area with poor sound insulation performance is found by comparing the sound insulation performance of different areas, so that the subsequent improvement on the weak area of the sound insulation performance is facilitated.
However, in the related art, in order to accurately measure the sound insulation performance of different areas, microphones need to be respectively arranged at different positions of the inner surface of a vehicle to obtain the sound pressure value of the inner surface of the area, and the sound insulation performance of the area is obtained by comparing the sound pressure values of the outer surfaces.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a test method and a test system for sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle, and aims to solve the problems that in related technologies, a test in regions is needed in sound insulation performance tests, microphones in the regions are difficult to arrange, and the regions with weak sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle cannot be measured quickly.
In a first aspect, a method for testing sound insulation performance of a finished automobile is provided, and comprises the following steps: adjusting a sound source of the reverberation chamber to form a reverberation environment until the sound pressure at each part of the outer surface of the test sample car is basically equal; measuring sound signals in the test sample car in multiple directions by using a spherical sound array, wherein the spherical sound array is arranged in the test sample car; analyzing according to the sound signals in the vehicle to obtain sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle; and analyzing according to the sound pressure distribution data to obtain the weak part of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle.
In some embodiments, after the obtaining of the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car according to the in-car sound signal analysis, the method comprises the following steps: shooting an actual environment image in the test sample car according to a plurality of cameras on the spherical acoustic array; and combining the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car with the actual environment image to obtain the sound pressure distribution map of the inner surface of the test sample car.
In some embodiments, after the obtaining of the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car according to the in-car sound signal analysis, the method comprises the following steps: calculating according to the vehicle-outside sound pressure values measured by the first microphones to obtain a sound pressure mean square value of the outer surface of the test sample vehicle, wherein the first microphones are arranged on the outer surface of the test sample vehicle at intervals; calculating to obtain a sound pressure mean square value of the inner surface of the test sample car according to the sound pressure distribution data; and obtaining an index value of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle according to the difference between the mean square value of the sound pressure of the outer surface of the test sample vehicle and the mean square value of the sound pressure of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle.
In some embodiments, adjusting the sound source of the reverberation chamber to form a reverberant environment until the sound pressures are substantially equal throughout the exterior surface of the test sample car comprises the steps of: arranging a plurality of first acoustic transmitters on the outer surface of the test sample car, wherein the distance between each first acoustic transmitter and the outer surface of the test sample car is equal; turning on a volumetric sound source inside the reverberation chamber; and adjusting the volume sound source until the range of the sound pressure value outside the vehicle measured by each first sound transmitter is less than or equal to one decibel.
In some embodiments, the step of providing a plurality of first microphones on the outer surface of the test sample car comprises the following steps: the first sound transmitters are respectively arranged at the top, the bottom, the front, the back, the left and the right of the test sample car; and adjusting the position of each first sound transmitter to enable the distance between each first sound transmitter and the outer surface of the test sample car to be equal.
In some embodiments, the spherical acoustic array has a plurality of second microphones spaced on the spherical measurement surface, and the measuring of the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car by using the spherical acoustic array includes the following steps: measuring a group of sound field signals p by using a plurality of second microphones on the spherical sound array; dispersing the inner surface of the test sample car into s simple sound sources q, and calculating a Green function G from the simple sound sources to a second microphone; inversely calculating according to the Green function G and the sound field signal p to obtain the sound field intensity q of s simple sound sources; and analyzing according to the sound field intensity q of each simple source to obtain sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car.
In some embodiments, obtaining a maximum area of the sound pressure level of the inner surface of the test sample car according to the sound pressure distribution data; and obtaining the corresponding frequency spectrum of the maximum sound pressure level area according to the sound signal obtained by the measurement of the spherical sound array and the maximum sound pressure level area of the inner surface of the test sample car.
In a second aspect, a system for testing sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle is provided, which includes: the sound source is arranged in the reverberation chamber and used for forming a reverberation environment; the spherical acoustic array is arranged inside the test sample car and used for collecting sound signals in the test sample car in multiple directions; and the analysis module is used for processing the in-vehicle sound signals collected by the spherical sound array to obtain sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle and analyzing the sound pressure distribution data to obtain weak parts of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle.
In some embodiments, further comprising: the first microphones are connected with the analysis module and are used for being arranged on the outer surface of the test sample car at intervals, the distances between the first microphones and the outer surface of the test sample car are equal, and the first microphones are used for acquiring the sound pressure value outside the car; the analysis module is further connected with a sound source inside the reverberation chamber and used for adjusting the sound source according to the vehicle-outside sound pressure values collected by the first microphones until the vehicle-outside sound pressure values collected by the first microphones are approximately equal.
In some embodiments, the analysis module is configured to calculate the external sound pressure value collected by each first sound transmitter to obtain a sound pressure mean square value of the outer surface of the test sample car, analyze the sound pressure distribution data to obtain a sound pressure mean square value of the inner surface of the test sample car, and calculate a difference between the sound pressure mean square value of the outer surface of the test sample car and the sound pressure mean square value of the inner surface of the test sample car to obtain an index value of the sound insulation performance of the entire car.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the embodiment of the invention provides a test method and a test system for sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle, which are characterized in that a sound source of a reverberation chamber is adjusted to form a reverberation environment, so that the external sound pressure of a test sample vehicle is equal, sound signals in all directions in the vehicle are detected through a spherical sound array arranged in the vehicle, the sound pressure distribution condition of the internal surface of the test sample vehicle is obtained, and a weak area of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle can be obtained by comparing the external sound pressure with the external sound pressure, wherein the external sound pressure of the vehicle is controlled to be approximately equal by adjusting the sound source, the weak part of the sound insulation performance of the vehicle can be obtained only by obtaining the sound pressure distribution in the vehicle, the test process is simple, the spherical sound array is convenient to arrange, microphones do not need to be arranged at positions which are difficult to contact with a front wall, a bottom plate and the like of the test sample vehicle, the arrangement difficulty is reduced, the test process is greatly simplified, and the weak area of the sound insulation performance of the vehicle can be pointed out, the sound insulation performance of the vehicle is conveniently and pertinently improved subsequently, compared with regional measurement, the sound insulation performance of each region on the inner surface of the whole vehicle can be obtained through analysis without being limited by a measurement region. Therefore, compared with the traditional test method, the test method is simpler, the efficiency is higher, the area with weak sound insulation performance of the vehicle can be pointed out in a directional mode through one-time measurement, the arrangement difficulty is reduced, the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the whole vehicle can not be analyzed through the limitation of the position of a measurement area, the weak area obtained through final measurement is more accurate, and the area with weak sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle can be measured quickly.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a first flowchart of a test method and a test system for sound insulation performance of a finished automobile according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second flowchart of a method and a system for testing sound insulation performance of a finished vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a third flowchart of a method and a system for testing sound insulation performance of a finished vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of step S1 in FIG. 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic layout diagram of a test system for sound insulation performance of a finished automobile according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. a reverberation chamber; 2. a volumetric sound source; 3. a spherical acoustic array; 4. a first microphone; 5. and (5) testing a sample vehicle.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a test method and a test system for sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle, which can solve the problems that in the related technology, a test in regions is needed in the sound insulation performance test, microphones in the regions are difficult to arrange, and the regions with weak sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle cannot be measured quickly.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, a flow chart of a method for testing sound insulation performance of a finished automobile according to an embodiment of the present invention may include the following steps: s1: adjusting a sound source of the reverberation chamber 1 to form a reverberation environment until sound pressures of all parts of the outer surface of the test sample car 5 are basically equal; that is, the sound of the reverberation chamber 1 is adjusted to make the sound pressure of the outer surface of the test sample car 5 equal, the reference sound pressure is equal, and the sound insulation performance difference of the test sample car 5 can be obtained by comparing the following measured difference of the sound pressure values of the inner surface of the car. S2: measuring sound signals in the test sample car 5 in multiple directions by using the spherical sound array 3, wherein the spherical sound array 3 is arranged in the test sample car 5; compared with the prior method that the microphones are arranged in all areas in the vehicle, the microphones need to be arranged at positions which are difficult to arrange, such as a vehicle bottom plate or a front wall, and the like, the method only needs to arrange one spherical sound array 3 in the vehicle, namely, the collection of sound signals in the vehicle is met, and the method is simpler in use. S3: analyzing according to the sound signal in the vehicle to obtain sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle 5; in this embodiment, a computer is disposed outside the reverberation chamber 1, the computer is connected to the spherical acoustic array 3 through a data acquisition front end, and the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the test sample car 5 can be obtained through computer analysis, S4: and analyzing according to the sound pressure distribution data to obtain the weak part of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle, wherein the reverberation environment constructed by the reverberation chamber 1 is that the sound pressures of the outer surface of the whole vehicle are basically equal, and when the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the vehicle is known, comparing and finding out the area with the highest sound pressure of the inner surface of the vehicle, namely the weak part of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle. Can directive property find sound insulation performance's weak position, make things convenient for subsequent improvement and need not divide regional measurement, improve measurement of efficiency, compare simultaneously and divide regional measurement, can calculate the sound pressure distribution that obtains whole vehicle internal surface, can obtain the sound insulation performance in each region of whole car, compare and divide regional measurement, measured region is more comprehensive accurate. In the test process, microphones for collecting sound signals in each area in the vehicle do not need to be arranged in each area, preparation work in the test process is greatly simplified through the spherical sound array 3 capable of collecting multidirectional sound signals, and compared with the mode that the microphones are arranged in the areas such as a vehicle bottom plate or a front wall, arrangement difficulty is reduced. In this embodiment, the acoustic array may be disposed in a central area of the vehicle during the test, so as to simulate a listening posture of a user during actual riding, and the correlation between the measurement result and actual use is higher. In this embodiment, in order to maintain the stability of the spherical acoustic array 3, the spherical acoustic array 3 may be mounted on a triangular bracket, so as to prevent the spherical acoustic array 3 from being deviated in test result due to the angle change in the test process. Before the test, the test sample car 5 can be placed in the reverberation chamber 1, and the car door window is closed; avoid the test in-process because door and window opens and lead to not conform with the in-service use, in this embodiment, test sample car 5 is in flame-out state among the test process, reduces the noise that produces because test sample car 5 self operates.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in some alternative embodiments, after S3, that is, after obtaining the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car 5 according to the car interior sound signal analysis, the following steps are included: s5: shooting an actual environment image in the vehicle according to a plurality of cameras on the spherical acoustic array 3; in this embodiment, spherical acoustic array 3 evenly distributed has 12 cameras on same sphere, and the shooting direction of camera all outwards along spherical radius, can not have the car inner space of the shooting omnidirectional at dead angle through a plurality of cameras, in other embodiments, can set up more cameras on spherical acoustic array 3 to adapt to different spherical acoustic array 3. S6: and combining the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the vehicle with the actual environment image in the vehicle to obtain the sound pressure distribution diagram of the inner surface of the vehicle. Namely, the sound pressure information is combined with the environment image in the vehicle to obtain the sound pressure distribution diagram of the inner surface of the vehicle, the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the vehicle is displayed more intuitively, and the weak sound insulation position is known quickly. In the subsequent analysis process, improvement is made for the area with high sound pressure. Since the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the vehicle is measured by the spherical sound array 3 in the embodiment, compared with a microphone sound array which is arranged in a plane or randomly, sound pressure signals in all directions can be completely received, and the obtained sound pressure distribution diagram is more accurate. In this embodiment, the spherical acoustic array 3 is connected to a computer through a data acquisition front end, and before the test, a sound source input parameter, a sound source type, a sound source size, an analysis frequency bandwidth, a frequency resolution, a sampling time, and the like related to data acquisition need to be set on the computer, so that the spherical acoustic array is applicable to sound insulation performance measurement in different sound source environments. The sound pressure distribution image of the inner surface of the vehicle can be visually displayed through the computer, and the subsequent test results can be conveniently filed and communicated.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in some alternative embodiments, after step S3, that is, after obtaining the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car 5 according to the car interior sound signal analysis, the following steps are included: s7: calculating to obtain a sound pressure mean square value of the outer surface of the test sample car 5 according to the sound pressure value measured by each first sound transmitter 4, wherein the first sound transmitters 4 are arranged on the outer surface of the test sample car 5 at intervals; s8: calculating a sound pressure mean square value of the inner surface of the vehicle according to the sound pressure distribution data; s9: and obtaining index data of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle according to the difference between the mean square value of the sound pressure values of the outer surface of the test sample vehicle 5 and the mean square value of the sound pressure values of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle 5. That is to say, index data of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle is obtained by comparing the mean square value difference of the sound pressures inside and outside the vehicle, the sound insulation performance of different test sample vehicles 5 can be compared quantitatively in a solidified calculation mode, and the larger the difference value of the mean square values of the internal and external sound pressures is, the worse the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle is. The sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle is known in each standard test sample vehicle 5 by comparing the standard test sample vehicle with the standard test sample vehicle conveniently.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in some alternative embodiments, the step S1 of adjusting the sound source of the reverberation chamber 1 to form a reverberation environment until the sound pressures around the outer surface of the test sample car 5 are substantially equal includes the following steps: s101: arranging a plurality of first acoustic transmitters 4 on the outer surface of the test sample car 5, wherein the distance between each first acoustic transmitter 4 and the outer surface of the test sample car 5 is equal; by controlling the distances between the first microphones 4 and the outer surface of the test sample car 5 to be equal, it can be ensured that the sound pressures measured by the first microphones 4 are equal to each other, and the sound pressures of the outer surface of the test sample car 5 are equal to each other as much as possible. S102: turning on a volumetric sound source 2 inside the reverberation room 1; two volume sound sources 2 are provided in the reverberation chamber 1, and the two volume sound sources 2 are respectively arranged at two diagonally opposite angles of the reverberation chamber 1. And the volume sound source 2 is connected with a power amplifier, and the power amplifier is connected with the data acquisition front end and is controlled by a computer. S103: the volume sound source 2 is adjusted so that the range of the sound pressure values measured by the respective first microphones 4 is less than or equal to one decibel. The sound pressure measured by the first sound transmitter 4 represents the sound pressure value of the outer surface of the test sample car 5, and when the sound pressure value of the first sound transmitter 4 has a range smaller than one decibel, the sound pressure of each position of the outer surface of the test sample car 5 is considered to be equal, the volume sound source 2 is stopped to be adjusted, and the existing reverberation environment is maintained.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in some alternative embodiments, in step S101, that is, arranging a plurality of first microphones 4 on the outer surface of the test sample car 5, wherein the distance between each first microphone 4 and the outer surface of the test sample car 5 is equal, the method includes the following steps: the top, the bottom, the front, the back, the left and the right of the test sample car 5 are respectively provided with a first sound transmitter 4; that is to say, all directions of the test sample car 5 are provided with the first sound transmitter 4, so that the situation that sound pressure at the position cannot be detected due to the fact that the first sound transmitter 4 is not arranged in some areas of the test sample car 5 is avoided, the sound pressure value difference of each area of the outer surface is large, and the later measurement work is influenced due to the fact that a reverberation environment is not established. In the present embodiment, one first microphone 4 is arranged for each azimuth, and in other embodiments, an appropriate number of first microphones 4 may be selected according to the area of each azimuth or the size of the region where sound may leak. The position of each first microphone 4 is adjusted so as to be equidistant from the outer surface of the test sample car 5. In this embodiment, the distance between each first microphone 4 and the outer surface of the test sample car 5 is ten centimeters, and in other embodiments, the distance between the first microphone and the outer surface of the test sample car can be adjusted, but it is required to ensure that each test car is set according to a uniform distance value, so as to realize a uniform standard of index values. The sound pressure on the outer surface of the vehicle can be controlled to be equal when the measured sound pressure is equal by controlling the equal distance between the first sound transmitter 4 and the test sample vehicle 5.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in some alternative embodiments, a plurality of second microphones are spaced on the spherical measuring surface of the spherical acoustic array 3, that is, sound signals in different directions are collected by the spaced second microphones, so as to achieve the purpose of measuring the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the vehicle, step S3, namely, the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car 5 is measured by using the spherical acoustic array 3, which includes the following steps: a group of sound field signals p are measured by using a plurality of second microphones on the spherical sound array 3; dispersing the inner surface of the test sample car 5 into s simple sound sources q, and calculating a Green function G from the simple sound sources to a second microphone; inversely calculating according to the Green function G and the sound field signal p to obtain the sound field intensity q of s simple sound sources; and analyzing according to the sound field intensity q of each simple source to obtain sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car 5. That is, by dispersing the sound transmitted from the outside to the vehicle interior into simple sound sources distributed along the inner surface, the sound field signal measured by the nth second microphone can be considered as being generated by the combined action of the s simple sound sources, and the specific formula is as follows:
the vector form is simplified, namely p ═ Gq (2).
And then, the s simple sound sources are reversely solved through the measured sound field signals of the m second microphones, and the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the vehicle can be obtained. The reconstructed data is closer to the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the test sample car 5 than the data directly acquired by using the second microphone as the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the test sample car 5. The subsequent analysis of the reason for the weak sound insulation is more accurate.
In some alternative embodiments, according to the Green function G (r)m,rs) And sound field of m second microphonesSignal P (r)m) Reversely calculating to obtain the sound field intensity q (r) of s simple sound sourcess) Which comprises the following steps: and converting the inverse solution of the matrix into a minimized form solution. Due to the Green function G (r)m,rs) In practice, there is an irreversible situation, and in order to solve the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the test specimen car 5, a simple sound source q when the mode of the matrix p-Gq is at the minimum can be found. That is, by converting the inverse solution problem into a minimization form solution problem, the solution of a simple sound source can be realized when the green function is irreversible.
Meanwhile, the prior information about the sound pressure distribution can be introduced, and the prior information is continuously corrected in the iteration process. In this embodiment, a regularization matrix L is introduced to improve the accuracy of sound pressure reconstruction, and the introduced formula is
By introducing a priori information, the reduction of reconstruction accuracy due to minimization is reduced. The accuracy of convergence is ensured by continuously correcting the output result in the iteration process. In the actual calculation process, due to the limitation of the spherical acoustic array 3 and the acquisition front-end channel, the number of the second acoustic array is smaller than the number of the inner surface reconstruction points of the test sample car 5, and a reconstruction underdetermined problem occurs during solving, wherein an iterative optimal solution obtained by the formula (3) under the condition that a first-order derivative is zero is as follows:
q(n+1)＝L(n)(GL(n))H(GL(n)(GL(n))H+β2I)-1p (4)
wherein L is(n)The nth iteration result of the regularization matrix L. For the convenience of subsequent analysis, equation (4) in a complex form is transformed to the following form:
q(n+1)＝L(n)AH(AAH+β2I)-1p (5)
formula (5) wherein A is GL(n)And a ═ a (r)1),...,a(rs),...,a(rN)]。q(n+1)Which is a general expression of the formula (5), is used to reconstruct the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the test specimen car 5. In this embodiment, each spherical acoustic array 3 has a spherical measuring surface, a plurality of second microphones are uniformly distributed on the measuring surface at intervals, and the extending directions of the second microphones intersect at the center of the measuring surface. That is to say, the sound signals in the vehicle are measured by the second microphones uniformly distributed on the spherical measuring surface, and because the extending directions of the second microphones intersect at the center of the spherical measuring surface, the sound signals in different directions can be collected by the different second microphones, so that the measuring accuracy is improved. Both can cover full-angle measurements. In other embodiments, the number of the second microphones can be increased or decreased according to the volume of the spherical acoustic array 3. Compared with the traditional microphone arrangement, the relative position of each microphone can be controlled, the calculation of sound pressure distribution data is simplified, and the error in the process of reversely calculating the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the vehicle is reduced.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in some alternative embodiments, the method further includes the following steps: obtaining the maximum area of the sound pressure level of the inner surface of the test sample car 5 according to the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the test sample car 5; and obtaining a corresponding frequency spectrum of the maximum sound pressure level region according to the sound pressure signal obtained by measuring the spherical sound array 3 and the maximum sound pressure level region of the inner surface of the test sample car 5. That is to say, after the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the vehicle is obtained, the frequency spectrum information of the region with the largest sound pressure of the inner surface of the vehicle needs to be acquired, the sound insulation performance improvement direction can be qualitatively provided, for example, what structure needs to be added at the part to reduce the transmission of sound waves with a certain frequency, the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle is improved, and the structure of the weak sound insulation part is conveniently improved later. In other embodiments, the frequency spectrum information of other weak parts can be analyzed, so that the sound insulation performance of the vehicle can be comprehensively improved.
Meanwhile, the embodiment of the invention also provides a test system for sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle, which can comprise: the reverberation room 1 is internally provided with a sound source, and the sound source is used for forming a reverberation environment; the spherical acoustic array 3 is used for being arranged inside the test sample vehicle 5, and the spherical acoustic array 3 is used for collecting sound signals in the test sample vehicle 5 in multiple directions; and the analysis module is connected with the spherical acoustic array 3 and used for processing the in-vehicle sound signals collected by the spherical acoustic array 3 to obtain sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle 5 and analyzing the sound pressure distribution data to obtain weak parts of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle. The analysis module may be a computer or other analysis processing system. Wherein, the spherical measuring surface of spherical acoustic array 3 has a plurality of second microphones of interval arrangement to realize collecting the sound signal of equidirectional not, because each second microphone is evenly arranged, can guarantee that each regional sound signal collection's the condition is the same, avoid collecting the appearance of blind area, compare traditional arranging the microphone in each region of vehicle, it is more accurate to collect data, compare traditional microphone and arrange, can control the relative position of each microphone, simplify the calculation of sound pressure distribution data, reduce the error of reverse calculation process.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in some optional embodiments, a plurality of first microphones 4 are provided, the first microphones 4 are all connected to the analysis module, the first microphones 4 are arranged on the outer surface of the test sample car 5 at intervals, the distances between each first microphone 4 and the outer surface of the test sample car 5 are equal, and the first microphones 4 are used for collecting the sound pressure value outside the car; the analysis module is also connected with a sound source inside the reverberation chamber 1 and used for adjusting the sound source according to the vehicle-outside sound pressure values collected by the first microphones 4 until the vehicle-outside sound pressure values collected by the first microphones 4 are approximately equal. That is, sound pressure information of the outer surface of the vehicle is tested by the respective first microphones 4, and the sound pressure value is transmitted to the analysis system, and the reverberation environment is established by controlling the sound source through the analysis system. The distances between the first sound transmitters 4 and the test sample vehicle 5 are controlled to be consistent, so that the sound pressure value obtained by measurement is more fit with the actual sound pressure on the outer surface of the vehicle.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in some alternative embodiments, the analysis module is configured to calculate the sound pressure value outside the vehicle collected by each first sound transmitter 4 to obtain a sound pressure mean square value of the outer surface of the test sample vehicle 5, analyze the sound pressure distribution data to obtain a sound pressure mean square value of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle 5, and calculate a difference between the sound pressure mean square value of the outer surface of the test sample vehicle 5 and the sound pressure mean square value of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle 5 to obtain an index value of the sound insulation performance of the entire vehicle. That is, the sound insulation performance of different vehicles can be compared conveniently in the follow-up process through quantitatively calculating index data of the sound insulation performance. The sound insulation performance of the vehicle can be more comprehensively obtained by combining the distribution data of the sound pressure of the vehicle.
The principle of the test method and the test system for the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle provided by the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
the sound source through adjusting the reverberation room forms the reverberation environment, make the outside acoustic pressure of test sample car 5 equal, detect the sound signal of all directions in the car through the spherical acoustic array that sets up in the car, obtain the acoustic pressure distribution condition of 5 internal surfaces of test sample car, the contrast car outer acoustic pressure can draw the sound insulation performance of whole car, the test process is simple, spherical acoustic array arranges the convenience, need not enclose before test sample car 5, the position that bottom plate etc. are difficult to contact arranges the microphone, the test process has been simplified by a wide margin. Compared with the traditional test method, the method is simpler, the efficiency is higher, the area with weak sound insulation performance of the vehicle can be pointed out through one-time measurement, the arrangement difficulty is reduced, the limitation of the position of the measurement area can be avoided, the sound pressure distribution of the inner surface of the whole vehicle can be analyzed, and the weak area obtained through final measurement is more accurate. An improved objective of directivity is provided. The sound insulation performance is convenient for the follow-up technicians to find out the reason of the weakness of the sound insulation performance and improve the sound insulation performance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
It is to be noted that, in the present invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A test method for sound insulation performance of a finished automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adjusting a sound source of the reverberation room (1) to form a reverberation environment until the sound pressure of each part of the outer surface of the test sample car (5) is basically equal;
measuring in-vehicle sound signals in multiple directions inside a test sample vehicle (5) by using a spherical acoustic array (3), wherein the spherical acoustic array (3) is arranged inside the test sample vehicle (5);
analyzing and obtaining sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car (5) according to the sound signals in the car;
and analyzing according to the sound pressure distribution data to obtain weak parts of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle.
2. The test method for the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle (5) is obtained according to the analysis of the sound signals in the vehicle, the method comprises the following steps:
shooting actual environment images inside the test sample car (5) according to a plurality of cameras on the spherical acoustic array (3);
and combining the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car (5) with the actual environment image to obtain the sound pressure distribution map of the inner surface of the test sample car (5).
3. The test method for the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle (5) is obtained according to the analysis of the sound signals in the vehicle, the method comprises the following steps:
calculating a sound pressure mean square value of the outer surface of the test sample car (5) according to the sound pressure value outside the car measured by each first sound transmitter (4), wherein the first sound transmitters (4) are arranged on the outer surface of the test sample car (5) at intervals;
calculating to obtain a sound pressure mean square value of the inner surface of the test sample car (5) according to the sound pressure distribution data;
and obtaining an index value of the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle according to the difference between the mean square value of the sound pressure of the outer surface of the test sample vehicle (5) and the mean square value of the sound pressure of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle (5).
4. The test method for sound insulation performance of a whole vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sound source of the reverberation chamber (1) is adjusted to form a reverberation environment until the sound pressure at all positions of the outer surface of the test sample vehicle (5) is basically equal, and the method comprises the following steps:
arranging a plurality of first acoustic radiators (4) on the outer surface of the test sample car (5), wherein the distance between each first acoustic radiator (4) and the outer surface of the test sample car (5) is equal;
turning on a volumetric sound source (2) inside the reverberation chamber (1);
and adjusting the volume sound source (2) until the range of the sound pressure value outside the vehicle measured by each first sound transmitter (4) is less than or equal to one decibel.
5. The test method for the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step of arranging a plurality of first sound transmitters on the outer surface of the test sample vehicle (5) comprises the following steps:
the first sound transmitters (4) are respectively arranged at the top, the bottom, the front, the back, the left and the right of the test sample car (5);
and adjusting the position of each first sound transmitter (4) to enable the distance between each first sound transmitter (4) and the outer surface of the test sample car (5) to be equal.
6. The test method for the sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of second microphones are arranged on the spherical measuring surface of the spherical sound array (3) at intervals, and the sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample vehicle (5) is measured by using the spherical sound array (3), and the method comprises the following steps:
measuring a group of sound field signals p by using a plurality of second microphones on the spherical sound array (3);
dispersing the inner surface of the test sample car (5) into s simple sound sources q, and calculating a Green function G from the simple sound sources to a second microphone;
inversely calculating according to the Green function G and the sound field signal p to obtain the sound field intensity q of s simple sound sources;
and analyzing according to the sound field intensity q of each simple source to obtain sound pressure distribution data of the inner surface of the test sample car (5).
7. The test method for sound insulation performance of the whole vehicle as claimed in claim 1, characterized by further comprising the following steps:
obtaining the maximum area of the sound pressure level of the inner surface of the test sample car (5) according to the sound pressure distribution data;
and obtaining the corresponding frequency spectrum of the maximum sound pressure level region according to the sound signal obtained by the measurement of the spherical sound array (3) and the maximum sound pressure level region of the inner surface of the test sample car (5).
8. The utility model provides a test system of whole car sound insulation performance which characterized in that, it includes:
the reverberation room (1), the inside of the reverberation room (1) is provided with a sound source, and the sound source is used for forming a reverberation environment;
the spherical acoustic array (3) is arranged inside the test sample vehicle (5), and the spherical acoustic array (3) is used for collecting sound signals in the test sample vehicle (5) in multiple directions;
the analysis module, the analysis module with spherical acoustic array (3) are connected, the analysis module be used for with the sound signal processing obtains in the car that spherical acoustic array (3) were collected the sound pressure distribution data of test sample car (5) internal surface, and be used for the analysis sound pressure distribution data obtains whole car sound insulation performance's weak position.
9. The test system for sound insulation performance of a finished automobile according to claim 8, characterized by further comprising:
the first microphones (4) are connected with the analysis module, the first microphones (4) are arranged on the outer surface of the test sample car (5) at intervals, the distances between the first microphones (4) and the outer surface of the test sample car (5) are equal, and the first microphones (4) are used for collecting the sound pressure value outside the car;
the analysis module is also connected with a sound source inside the reverberation room (1), and is used for adjusting the sound source according to the vehicle exterior sound pressure values collected by the first microphones (4) until the vehicle exterior sound pressure values collected by the first microphones (4) are approximately equal.
10. The test system for sound insulation performance of a finished automobile according to claim 9, characterized in that:
the analysis module is used for calculating the outer sound pressure mean square value of obtaining test sample car (5) with each sound pressure value outside the car that first sound transmitter (4) gathered, analysis module is used for the analysis sound pressure distribution data obtains the sound pressure mean square value of the internal surface of test sample car (5), analysis module is used for with the sound pressure mean square value of the surface of test sample car (5) with the sound pressure mean square value of the internal surface of test sample car (5) is subtracted and is obtained the index numerical value of the sound insulation performance of whole car.
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