CN114718831B - High-pressure manual pump for closed hydraulic system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-pressure manual pump that can be used in a closed hydraulic system. In order to make the transmission of the hand pump reliable under high-pressure load conditions, the invention adopts a new type of swash plate structure design, the swash plate adopts involute spline transmission, and the swash plate The working surface is processed with a rolling steel ball track, and the power is transmitted through the steel column and the plunger. The steel ball and the surface of the swash plate are in a state of line contact. When the load pressure is high, the reliable force transmission state between the plunger and the swash plate can still be guaranteed. , Improve the plunger's stress state, reduce the lateral overturning force of the plunger, avoid the lateral overturning of the plunger, and reduce wear. Through the special design of the flow channel block, it can realize the recycling of leaked oil in the closed hydraulic system and the non-stop oil replenishment function of the closed system during any forward and reverse operation. The manual pump of the invention can be used in a relatively high closed working pressure environment, and has great application value in the fields of vehicles, agriculture, forestry, military industry and the like.

Description

A High-Pressure Manual Pump Applicable to Closed Hydraulic System

technical field

The invention relates to the design field of a manual hydraulic pump, in particular to a high-pressure manual pump that can be used in a closed hydraulic system.

Background technique

As an important power component in the current industrial industry, hydraulic pumps are widely used, including aerospace, walking vehicles, mining equipment, etc., mainly driven by motors or engines to output high-pressure oil power to hydraulic cylinders or hydraulic motors, but in some important In the field, in order to ensure the reliability of the system, it is often necessary to set up a reliable manual backup system for protection. In order to cover a variety of working conditions, there are increasingly higher requirements for the flow, pressure and volume of manual pumps.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the closed hydraulic system, a new type of manual hydraulic pump design is proposed, which can meet the stringent requirements for flow and pressure in various complex application environments, and at the same time, it can quickly switch between forward and reverse work, which can be realized through the swash plate structure. Compensation for the lateral force of the plunger avoids failures such as overturning and wear of the plunger under heavy load conditions, and can realize the recovery and utilization of leaked oil in the closed hydraulic system and the maintenance of The closed system performs non-stop oil replenishment function, which can be used as a reliable main system oil supply pump or backup system power source, and is applied to the extension and retraction of hydraulic cylinders or the forward and reverse rotation of hydraulic motors.

In order to achieve the above functions and performance requirements, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a high-pressure manual pump that can be used in a closed hydraulic system, including a crank handle, a front end cover, an angular contact ball bearing, a swash plate, rolling steel balls, a plunger , spline shaft, deep groove ball bearing, cylinder block, shell, runner block;

The hand pump is driven by a rocker, which is connected to the spline shaft through bolts for power input. The swash plate is connected to the spline shaft through an involute spline to realize power transmission. The working surface of the swash plate is designed with Rolling steel ball movement track; the distribution of the center of the track radius coincides with the surface of the swash plate; one end of the spline shaft is connected to the cylinder body through a deep groove ball bearing, and the other end is connected to the front end cover through an angular contact ball bearing; the front end cover is fixed on the shell ; There are evenly distributed plunger holes on the cylinder, the plunger is installed in the cylinder plunger hole, the plunger axis is parallel to the cylinder axis, and the top of the plunger is designed with a spherical groove for installing rolling Steel ball; when working, half of the rolling steel ball is in the spherical groove at the top of the plunger, and the other half is in the rolling steel ball track of the swash plate, which is in line contact with the working surface of the swash plate and in surface contact with the spherical groove of the plunger. During the working process, the steel ball is always constrained to move inside the track;

The flow channel block is connected with the shell, and the first hydraulically controlled two-position three-way valve and the second hydraulically controlled two-position three-way valve are integrated in the flow channel block, wherein the oil inlet of the second hydraulically controlled two-position three-way valve The port is connected to the leakage oil outlet of the high-pressure manual pump, the oil inlet port of the first hydraulically controlled two-position three-way valve is connected to the oil supply port of the high-pressure manual pump through a check valve, the first hydraulically controlled two-position three-way valve and the second The two oil outlets of the hydraulically controlled two-position three-way valve are respectively connected with the high and low pressure oil circuits of the closed hydraulic system.

Further, the bottom surface of the swash plate is perpendicular to the axis of the swash plate, and the working surface forms a certain angle with the bottom surface of the swash plate. The angle is determined according to the displacement of the manual pump. The contact state can overcome the radial force in the plunger movement and ensure reliable power transmission.

Further, two hydraulically controlled two-position three-way valves are installed in parallel inside the flow channel block, which is used for recycling the leaked oil of the manual pump in the closed hydraulic system and for the recovery of the closed system during any forward and reverse operation. Carry out oil replenishment without stopping the machine.

Further, the plunger is a cylindrical rotary structure, and the inside is a cavity for installing a compression spring, and the other end of the compression spring is installed on a spring base, and the spring base is used for sealing the bottom of the plunger hole; The outer side of the plunger is designed with a waist groove for the distribution of oil in the high and low pressure chambers.

Further, the cylinder is installed inside the housing and pressed against the inner cavity of the housing through the rear end cover. Eight plunger holes are arranged in the cylinder and are uniformly distributed along the circumference, and the axes of the plunger holes are parallel to the axis of the cylinder. Each plunger hole is provided with an upper flow channel and a lower flow channel, which cooperate with the waist groove to realize flow distribution. In a clockwise or counterclockwise order, the upper flow channel of each plunger hole and the lower flow channel of another plunger hole with an interval of 1 The road is connected. The side of the cylinder body is provided with flow channel grooves for oil in and out, and the flow channel grooves are connected to the side walls of the eight plunger holes, and the side walls of the cylinder body are also provided with three grooves for installing sealing rings.

Further, a stepped retaining ring is installed on the spline shaft for axial limitation of the swash plate, and the axis of the spline shaft coincides with the axis of the cylinder body.

Further, the high-pressure manual pump also includes a large bearing seat and a small bearing seat; the large bearing seat and the small bearing seat are installed on the bottom of the angular contact ball bearing and the deep groove ball bearing respectively, and on the inner ring and the outer ring All are provided with grooves for installing sealing rings for oil sealing.

Structural principle: By shaking the crank handle, the spline shaft of the manual pump is rotated, and the spline shaft then drives the swash plate to rotate, and the plunger is firmly pressed on the working surface of the swash plate by rolling steel balls due to the force of the compression spring at the bottom of the plunger. , because the swash plate has a certain inclination angle, with the rotation of the swash plate, the plunger performs a reciprocating linear motion in the plunger cavity inside the cylinder, combined with the flow distribution design of the plunger and the cylinder, every time the swash plate rotates, each The plunger completes an oil suction and discharge process. As the pressure in the plunger cavity increases, the hydraulic pressure acts on the angular contact ball bearing through the plunger, rolling steel ball, swash plate and stepped retaining ring. The steel ball and the plunger are in spherical contact. , it is in line contact with the upper track of the swash plate. Compared with point contact, the track surface can offset a part of the lateral force of the plunger, which can meet the requirements of maintaining good lubrication and stress state under the action of large hydraulic pressure, and reduce the plunger’s force. Reduce the degree of friction and improve the life of the plunger and swash plate.

The advantages of a high-pressure manual pump that can be used in a closed hydraulic system of the present invention are: compact structure, small outlet flow pulsation, special swash plate structure and rolling steel ball design, realizing "line-surface" power transmission, and plunger anti-overturning The advantages of strong capacity, large axial bearing capacity, small friction loss and simple structure have improved the service life of core components. And through the channel block, two hydraulically controlled two-position three-way valves are designed in parallel, so that the manual pump has the function of recycling oil leakage and replenishing oil in the external system under forward and reverse working conditions. It is important in aerospace, mining machinery, etc. Fields are of great use value.

Description of drawings

The manual pump will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall appearance of a high-pressure manual pump that can be used in a closed hydraulic system.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of a high-pressure manual pump that can be used in a closed hydraulic system.

Figure 3 is a view of the forward parts of the swash plate.

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the swash plate along the direction A.

Fig. 5 is a side view of the plunger and a cross-sectional view of the plunger A.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic channel of the channel block.

Fig. 7 is a top view of the cylinder body and a nomenclature diagram of the plunger hole numbers.

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the cylinder block A.

Figure 9 is a simple force diagram of the steel ball on the plunger swash plate.

Reference signs: 1. crank handle, 2. front end cover, 3. large bearing seat, 4. angular contact ball bearing, 5. stepped retaining ring, 6. swash plate, 7. rolling steel ball, 8. plunger, 9. Compression spring, 10. Spline shaft, 11. Deep groove ball bearing, 12. Small bearing seat, 13. Cylinder body, 14. Shell, 15. Spring base, 16. Rear end cover, 17. Runner block, 18. Connection block, 17.1. The first hydraulically controlled two-position three-way valve, 17.2. The second hydraulically controlled two-position three-way valve, 17.3. One-way valve.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Please refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 9, the present invention provides a kind of high-pressure manual pump that can be used in closed hydraulic system, and this manual pump is made up of rocker 1, front end cover 2, large bearing seat 3, angular contact ball bearing 4, step block Ring 5, swash plate 6, rolling steel ball 7, plunger 8, compression spring 9, spline shaft 10, deep groove ball bearing 11, small bearing housing 12, cylinder block 13, housing 14, spring base 15, rear end The cover 16, the flow channel block 17 and the connection block 18 are composed of two hydraulically controlled two-position three-way valves inside the flow channel block 17, wherein the first hydraulically controlled two-position three-way valve 17.1 is imported through a one-way valve 17.3 Used to connect the oil supply circuit, the inlet of the second hydraulically controlled two-position three-way valve 17.2 communicates with the leakage oil port on the hand pump housing 14, and the two outlets of the two hydraulically controlled two-position three-way valves are respectively connected to the manual pump The oil inlet and outlet are connected. The cylinder block 13 of the manual pump is pressed against the inner cavity of the housing 14 by bolts through the rear end cover 16, and the A and B port oil tanks on the cylinder body 13 are respectively connected with the flow channel block 17 through the oil inlet and outlet ports on the housing 14. 8 plungers 8 are respectively installed in the 8 plunger holes of the body, and a compression spring 9 is installed at the bottom of the plunger 8. The compression spring 9 is divided into upper and lower spring parts, which are connected together by a connecting block 18 in the middle. , the spring base 15 is used for sealing the bottom of the plunger hole; the outer side of the plunger is designed with a waist groove for the distribution of oil in the high and low pressure chambers, and the top of the plunger 8 is used to install the rolling steel ball 7, and the compression spring 9 Under the action, the rolling steel ball 7 is pressed into the steel ball track on the surface of the swash plate 6 through the plunger 8, the steel ball is in surface contact with the plunger spherical groove, and is in line contact with the swash plate 6 steel ball track; the swash plate 6 Installed on the spline shaft 10 through a spline, the back side is axially limited by the stepped retaining ring 5, and the front side is in contact with the rolling steel ball 7. One end of the spline shaft 10 is connected to the cylinder body 13 through a deep groove ball bearing 11, and the other end The angular contact ball bearing 4 is connected to the front end cover 2, and a large bearing seat 3 and a small bearing seat 12 are respectively installed at the bottom of the bearing for axial sealing. Installed on the extension end of the spline shaft 10, the hand pump is usually used in closed hydraulic systems but not limited to closed hydraulic systems, and its conventional driving method is to manually rotate the crank handle 1 to drive but not limited to manual drive.

Working principle: The hand pump distributes flow through the special structural design of the cylinder and plunger, as shown in Figure 7, the 8 plunger holes on the cylinder 13 (the first plunger hole 13.1, the second plunger hole 13.2 , the third plunger hole 13.3, the fourth plunger hole 13.4, the fifth plunger hole 13.5, the sixth plunger hole 13.6, the seventh plunger hole 13.7, the eighth plunger hole 13.8) the axis is parallel to the axis of the cylinder body 13 , the plungers are evenly distributed in the plunger holes, and the swash plate 6 has a certain inclination angle β. The pressing force of the rolling steel ball 7 will make a reciprocating linear motion in the plunger cavity of the cylinder body 13, and at any time, there will always be one plunger at the upper limit point, one plunger at the lower limit point, and three plungers at the lower limit point. The plunger is in the state of pressing oil downward, and the three plungers are in the state of oil suction upward. Every time the crank handle 1 rotates one revolution, each plunger 8 realizes a process of oil suction and discharge.

When the high-pressure oil is generated at the bottom of the plunger 8, the bottom of the plunger 8 will receive a certain hydraulic pressure, and the hydraulic pressure acts on the swash plate 6 through the rolling steel ball 7. The steel ball and the plunger 8 are in spherical contact, and the swash plate 6 is a line contact, the force of the swash plate 6 on the steel ball can be decomposed into axial and radial, and the radial force is borne by the steel ball track on the swash plate 6, which avoids the overturning moment of the plunger and improves the impact of the plunger. The force condition is improved, the lubrication characteristics and load capacity are improved, and finally the hydraulic pressure in the axial direction will be transmitted to the angular contact ball bearing 4 through the stepped retaining ring 5 .

Rotate the handle 1, when oil comes out from the port A, under the pressure of the high-pressure chamber, the spool of the hydraulically controlled two-position three-way valve in the flow channel block 17 is pushed, and the leaked oil in the inner cavity of the housing 14 and the oil supply circuit pass through The hydraulically controlled two-position three-way valve is connected to the low-pressure flow channel of port B. When the rotation direction of the crank handle 1 is changed, the oil inlet and outlet ports are switched, and the oil is discharged from the flow channel of port B. It also changes under the action, the leakage oil in the inner cavity of the housing 14 and the oil replenishment circuit are communicated with the flow channel of the A port through the hydraulically controlled two-position three-way valve. Since the oil supply port is always connected with the low-pressure port of the pump system, it is allowed to supply oil to the system under any load pressure when the manual pump is forward and reverse.

The specific flow distribution process between the cylinder and the plunger is as follows:

The flow channels in the plunger holes on the cylinder body 13 are connected in the way that the upper flow channel 13.1-1 of the first plunger hole communicates with the lower flow channel 13.3-2 of the third plunger hole, and the upper flow channel 13.2-1 of the second plunger hole communicates with the fourth flow channel. The lower flow channel 13.4-2 of the plunger hole is connected, the upper flow channel 13.3-1 of the third plunger hole is connected with the lower flow channel 13.5-2 of the fifth plunger hole, and the upper flow channel 13.4-1 of the fourth plunger hole is connected with the lower flow channel of the sixth plunger hole The channel 13.6-2 is connected, the fifth plunger hole upper flow channel 13.5-1 is connected with the seventh plunger hole lower flow channel 13.7-2, the sixth plunger hole upper flow channel 13.6-1 is connected with the eighth plunger hole lower flow channel 13.8-2 Communication, the seventh plunger hole upper flow channel 13.7-1 communicates with the first plunger hole lower flow channel 13.1-2, the eighth plunger hole upper flow channel 13.8-1 communicates with the second plunger hole lower flow channel 13.2-2. Due to the cooperative relationship between A and B ports on the cylinder body 13 and the plunger waist groove, when the plunger is between the upper limit position and the midpoint of the full stroke, the upper runner in the plunger chamber passes through the waist groove and the upper A port of the cylinder body 13. Connected, the B port in the plunger chamber is closed by the plunger; when the plunger is between the midpoint of the full stroke and the lower limit position, the A port in the plunger chamber is closed by the plunger, and the upper channel port passes through the waist groove and the cylinder body 13 is connected to port B.

When the plunger in the first plunger hole 13.1 presses the oil downward from the upper limit position, the lower flow channel 13.1-2 of the first plunger hole at the bottom communicates with the upper flow channel 13.7-1 of the seventh plunger hole. The difference between the plunger in the first plunger hole 13.1 and the plunger in the seventh plunger hole 13.7 is 90°. When the plunger in the first plunger hole 13.1 presses oil down, the position of the plunger in the seventh plunger hole 13.7 It is always between the upper limit position and the midpoint of the full stroke. At this time, the upper flow channel in the plunger cavity in the seventh plunger hole 13.7 is connected with the upper A port of the cylinder body 13, and the pressure generated at the bottom of the plunger in the first plunger hole 13.1 The oil flows out from the A port in the plunger cavity in the seventh plunger hole 13.7 through the first plunger hole lower flow channel 13.1-2-the seventh plunger hole upper flow channel 13.7-1 flow channel; when the first plunger hole 13.1 When the middle plunger moves upward from the lower limit position to absorb oil, the position of the plunger in the seventh plunger hole 13.7 is always between the midpoint of the full stroke and the lower limit position. At this time, the upper flow channel in the plunger cavity in the seventh plunger hole 13.7 It communicates with port B on the cylinder body 13, and the low-pressure oil enters the bottom of the plunger in the first plunger hole 13.1 through the port B through the lower flow channel 13.1-2 of the first plunger hole—the upper flow channel 13.7-1 of the seventh plunger hole , to complete the oil filling process, and the analysis principle of other plunger working processes is the same. At this time, port A of the pump is the outlet of high-pressure oil, and port B is the inlet of low-pressure oil. The hydraulically controlled two-position three-way valve in the flow channel block 17 is pushed by the valve core under the action of high-pressure oil at port A, so that the inside of the housing 14 leaks oil and The external charge oil flow channel is connected with B low-pressure oil suction port.

When the handle 1 is reversely turned, the plunger in the first plunger hole 13.1 presses the oil downward from the upper limit position, and the position of the plunger in the seventh plunger hole 13.7 is always at the midpoint of the full stroke and the lower limit position At this time, the upper channel in the plunger cavity in the seventh plunger hole 13.7 communicates with the B port on the cylinder body 13, and the pressure oil generated at the bottom of the plunger in the first plunger hole 13.1 flows down through the first plunger hole Channel 13.1-2—the upper channel 13.7-1 of the seventh plunger hole flows out from the B port in the plunger cavity in the seventh plunger hole 13.7; when the plunger in the first plunger hole 13.1 sucks oil upward from the lower limit position During movement, the position of the plunger in the seventh plunger hole 13.7 is always between the upper limit position and the midpoint of the full stroke. At this time, the upper flow channel in the plunger cavity in the seventh plunger hole 13.7 communicates with the upper A port of the cylinder body 13. The low-pressure oil enters the bottom of the plunger in the first plunger hole 13.1 from port A through the lower flow channel 13.1-2 of the first plunger hole—the upper flow channel 13.7-1 of the seventh plunger hole to complete the oil filling process, and the other plungers work The principle of process analysis is the same. At this time, port B of the pump is the outlet of high-pressure oil, and port A is the inlet of low-pressure oil. The position of the valve core of the hydraulically controlled two-position three-way valve in the flow channel block 17 changes under the action of the high-pressure oil at port B, causing oil leakage inside the housing 14. And the external oil replenishment flow channel communicates with the A low-pressure oil suction port.

Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a specific application example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Other application examples with the same basic principle as the present invention should also belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A high pressure manual pump for a closed hydraulic system, characterized by: the device comprises a rocking handle, a front end cover, an angular contact ball bearing, a sloping cam plate, rolling steel balls, a plunger, a spline shaft, a deep groove ball bearing, a cylinder body, a shell and a runner block;

the manual pump is driven by a rocking handle, the rocking handle is connected with a spline shaft through a bolt and used for power input, the sloping cam plate is connected with the spline shaft through an involute spline to realize power transmission, and a rolling steel ball movement track is designed on the working surface of the sloping cam plate; the circle center distribution of the radius of the track coincides with the surface of the sloping cam plate; one end of the spline shaft is connected with the cylinder body through a deep groove ball bearing, and the other end of the spline shaft is connected with the front end cover through an angular contact ball bearing; the front end cover is fixed on the shell; plunger holes are uniformly distributed in the cylinder body, the plungers are arranged in the plunger holes of the cylinder body, the axis of each plunger is parallel to the axis of the cylinder body, and a spherical groove is formed in the top of each plunger and is used for installing rolling steel balls; when the device works, one half of the rolling steel balls are positioned in the spherical groove at the top of the plunger, the other half of the rolling steel balls are positioned in the rolling steel ball track of the sloping cam plate, are in a line contact state with the working surface of the sloping cam plate, are in a surface contact state with the spherical groove of the plunger, and are always restrained to move in the track in the working process;

the flow passage block is connected with the shell, a first hydraulic control two-position three-way valve and a second hydraulic control two-position three-way valve are integrated in the flow passage block, wherein an oil inlet of the second hydraulic control two-position three-way valve is connected with a leakage oil outlet of the high-pressure manual pump, an oil inlet of the first hydraulic control two-position three-way valve is connected with an oil supplementing port of the high-pressure manual pump through a one-way valve, and two oil outlets of the first hydraulic control two-position three-way valve and the second hydraulic control two-position three-way valve are respectively connected with a high-pressure oil path and a low-pressure oil path of the closed hydraulic system.

2. A high pressure manual pump for a closed hydraulic system according to claim 1, wherein the swashplate bottom surface is perpendicular to the swashplate axis, and the working surface is at an angle to the swashplate bottom surface, said angle being determined based on the displacement of the manual pump.

3. The high-pressure manual pump for the closed hydraulic system according to claim 1, wherein two hydraulic control two-position three-way valves are arranged in parallel in the flow passage block and are used for recycling leaked oil in the closed hydraulic system and supplementing oil to the closed system without stopping in any working process of positive and negative rotation.

4. The high-pressure manual pump applicable to a closed hydraulic system according to claim 1, wherein the plunger is of a cylindrical revolving body structure, a cavity is formed in the plunger, the plunger is used for installing a compression spring, the other end of the compression spring is installed on a spring base, and the spring base is used for sealing the bottom of a plunger hole; a waist-shaped groove is designed on the outer side of the plunger and used for distributing oil in the high-pressure cavity and the low-pressure cavity.

5. The high-pressure manual pump applicable to the closed hydraulic system according to claim 1, wherein the cylinder body is arranged in the shell, the cylinder body is pressed in the inner cavity of the shell through the rear end cover, 8 plunger holes uniformly distributed along the circumference are arranged in the cylinder body, and the axis of the plunger holes is parallel to the axis of the cylinder body.

6. The high-pressure manual pump for a closed hydraulic system according to claim 5, wherein an upper runner and a lower runner are arranged in each plunger hole, the upper runner of each plunger hole is communicated with the lower runner of the other plunger hole with a gap of 1 in a clockwise or anticlockwise order in cooperation with the waist-shaped groove to realize flow distribution.

7. The high-pressure manual pump for a closed hydraulic system according to claim 5, wherein the side surface of the cylinder body is provided with a runner groove for oil to enter and exit, the runner groove is communicated with the side walls of the 8 plunger holes, and the side surface of the cylinder body is further provided with 3 grooves for installing sealing rings.

8. The high-pressure manual pump for a closed hydraulic system according to claim 1, wherein the spline shaft is provided with a stepped retainer ring for axially limiting a swash plate, and the axis of the spline shaft coincides with the axis of the cylinder block.

9. A high pressure manual pump usable in a closed hydraulic system according to claim 1, further comprising a large bearing housing and a small bearing housing; the large bearing seat and the small bearing seat are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the angular contact ball bearing and the deep groove ball bearing, and grooves for installing sealing rings are formed in the inner ring and the outer ring of the large bearing seat and the small bearing seat and are used for sealing oil.

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