CN114711101B - Application of vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent in vegetable transplanting - Google Patents
Application of vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent in vegetable transplanting Download PDFInfo
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- CN114711101B CN114711101B CN202210367197.7A CN202210367197A CN114711101B CN 114711101 B CN114711101 B CN 114711101B CN 202210367197 A CN202210367197 A CN 202210367197A CN 114711101 B CN114711101 B CN 114711101B
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
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- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- -1 Cl are applied - Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000021384 green leafy vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses application of a vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent in vegetable transplanting. The application of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent in vegetable transplanting comprises the following steps: and (3) dipping the root of the prepared vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent directly in the vegetable transplanting, covering soil, watering, and putting the soil in the open field. Compared with the prior art, the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent has good water absorption and retention, salt and alkali resistance and heat stability; the use technology of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent is beneficial to simplifying the use flow of the water-retaining agent, reducing the time consumption caused by dilution and avoiding the problem of difficult root system dipping and taking, and solves the problem of low efficiency in the working process of the prior art to a certain extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to application of a water-retaining agent for vegetable transplanting in vegetable transplanting.
Background
Water is a source of life and plays an important role in agricultural production. With the large-scale development of the vegetable industry in China, the agricultural water accounts for about 70% of the total water consumption in China. In the agricultural production process of vegetables, water-retaining agents are often used to improve the water utilization rate.
The water-retaining agent can quickly absorb water which is hundreds times or thousands times heavier than the water-retaining agent, forms gel after absorbing water, can keep the water for a long time, and can repeatedly absorb water and slowly release water for crops to use. In addition, the water-retaining agent also has the functions of preserving heat, preserving fertilizer, improving soil aggregate structure, increasing soil permeability, affecting soil physicochemical property, increasing soil water retention performance, improving nutrient utilization efficiency and the like. The water-retaining agent is added into soil and seedling substrate, so that the fertilizer efficiency can be improved, the seed germination rate can be improved, the growth of crop seedlings can be promoted, and the yield of crops can be increased, and the water-retaining agent has wide development prospect in agricultural development.
Patent number CN103740375a discloses a humic acid water-retaining agent for vegetables and a preparation method thereof. The water-retaining agent is used for vegetable crops, and can improve the water utilization rate, ensure that the soil fertility is not lost, stimulate the growth and development of vegetables, improve the nutrition function of the vegetables, increase the stress resistance of the crops and increase the yield. A humic acid water-retaining agent for vegetables is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 to 5 parts of weathered coal, 40 to 70 parts of 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, 2 to 8 parts of sodium hydroxide with the purity of 98 percent, 0.5 to 4 parts of potassium hydroxide with the purity of 98 percent, 5 to 20 parts of acrylic acid, 2 to 8 parts of acrylamide, 0.01 to 0.05 part of N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, 0.4 to 2 parts of potassium persulfate and 0.5 to 5 parts of self-initiated heating agent. However, the water-retaining agent is alkaline, has great damage to plant root systems and has poor water-retaining effect.
The Chinese patent with the patent number of CN110476776A discloses application of a fruit residue-based water-retaining agent in plug seedling of leafy vegetables. The invention is to uniformly mix the fruit residue-based water-retaining agent and the seedling substrate according to the proportion of 1:1000-1:20 and then to use the mixture as the seedling substrate containing the fruit residue-based water-retaining agent for hole tray seeding. The fruit residue-based water-retaining agent is used for vegetable breeding, can improve soil porosity, maintain soil moisture and fertilizer efficiency, play a role of slow release, solve the problems of low emergence rate, stiff seedlings and the like caused by untimely water supplement in the seedling emergence period and the seedling growth period of leaf vegetables, improve the emergence rate and the seedling quality, prolong the watering period and save water consumption. The water-retaining agent is prepared from fruit residues serving as a main raw material, has good biodegradability, has no pollution residues, and avoids secondary pollution in the field. However, the fruit residues have complex use process and insufficient water retention.
In the prior art, when bare roots of vegetables are transplanted, the root system of the vegetables is evenly stained with pasty liquid prepared by a water-retaining agent. The method can further improve the survival rate of the fixedly planted seedlings, but the water-preserving agent has long dilution process in use, complex working procedure and large workload, and the diluted particles are sticky to cause smaller root system adhesion, so that the problem of lower working efficiency is caused. Improving the effective utilization of water resources is a problem to be solved urgently in agriculture.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of complex preparation and use processes, root injury and poor water retention of the vegetable water-retaining agent in the prior art. In order to solve the defects, the invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of a water-retaining agent in the vegetable transplanting process, and the application of the water-retaining agent has good water absorption and retention, salt and alkali resistance and thermal stability; and the water-retaining agent is beneficial to simplifying the use flow of the water-retaining agent, reducing the time consumption caused by dilution and avoiding the problem of difficult dipping of root systems, and the problem of low efficiency in the working process of the prior art is solved to a certain extent.
The application of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent in vegetable transplanting comprises the following steps:
the vegetable transplanting water retaining agent is adopted to dip the root of the vegetable to be tested, then the vegetable is put into the dug planting ditch hole in the open field of the field, the soil is covered, the water is immediately applied, and the root of the vegetable is wrapped by a plastic film.
Preferably, the vegetable to be tested is lettuce.
Preferably, the root dipping method is to dip the root with 100 times of diluent of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent or dip the root directly with the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent.
In order to reduce pollution and improve environment, chitosan is selected as a base compound of the water-retaining agent. Chitosan is the second most abundant natural polymer next to cellulose. It has reactive amino and hydroxyl groups, and can chemically change its properties under mild reaction conditions. Because of the excellent performances of biocompatibility, biodegradability, repeatability, low toxicity and the like, chitosan is selected as an ideal skeleton for synthesizing the super absorbent polymer. The synthesis method is grafting maleic acid onto chitosan. In the chitosan grafted maleic acid reaction, amino groups are main grafting sites and crosslinking sites. It can be deduced from this that increasing the number of amino groups on the chitosan backbone can improve the salt and pH resistance of the chitosan-based polymer. In addition, an amino group is a hydrophilic group to which more functional groups can be grafted. Under the action of alkali, nucleophilic substitution reaction is carried out on amino and hydroxyl on chitosan and 2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride. The amino group at the 2-position and the hydroxyl group at the 6-position of chitosan are the most important positions for nucleophilic substitution, while the hydroxyl group at the 3-position has a lower substitution degree due to steric hindrance, thereby forming 2, 6-diaminoethyl chitosan.
Amino ethyl chitosan is taken as a framework, and is synthesized by maleic acid graft copolymerization. An initiator and a crosslinking agent are added. First, the initiator decomposes under heating to form sulfate anion radicals. The free radicals extract hydrogen from the amino and hydroxyl groups, producing more reactive groups. Maleic acid molecules approach these reaction sites, become radical acceptors, leading to the growth of polymer chains. Meanwhile, the polymer chain can react with a cross-linking agent to generate chemical cross-linking, and finally a network structure is formed. It is contemplated that the carboxyl group of maleic acid can react with the amino and hydroxyl groups on the chitosan derivative. This interpenetration can be further carried out. The polymer synthesized by the grafting reaction can form an interpenetrating network structure.
Preferably, the preparation method of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent comprises the following steps:
s1, adding chitosan powder into 2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride aqueous solution, stirring in a water bath, and completely dissolving to obtain a chitosan derivative;
s2, adding the chitosan derivative prepared in the step S1 into an aqueous solution of NaOH, carrying out water bath reaction, and then freeze-drying to obtain 2, 6-diaminoethyl chitosan;
s3, placing the 2, 6-diaminoethyl chitosan prepared in the step S2 into a reactor, then adding water, stirring and dissolving, placing the reactor into a water bath, adding an initiator, stirring, adding maleic acid, adding a cross-linking agent aqueous solution into a reaction mixture, continuously stirring under argon, cooling to room temperature, adding a NaOH aqueous solution to adjust the pH value, stirring to generate a gel product, adding methanol into the gel product, completely dehydrating, grinding and sieving the gel particle hardening product to obtain the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent.
Further preferably, the preparation method of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent comprises the following steps of:
s1, adding 10-20 parts of 150g chitosan powder into 500-800 parts of 0.5-2.0 mol/L2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride aqueous solution, and stirring in a water bath at 60-70 ℃ until the chitosan powder is completely dissolved to prepare a chitosan derivative;
s2, adding 500-800 parts of 0.5-1.5 mol/L NaOH aqueous solution into the chitosan derivative prepared in the step S1, reacting for 15-20 hours in a water bath at 80-90 ℃, and then freeze-drying to obtain 2, 6-diaminoethyl chitosan;
s3, placing the 2, 6-diaminoethyl chitosan prepared in the step S2 into a reactor, then adding 400-600 parts of water, stirring and dissolving, placing the reactor into a water bath with the temperature of 50-70 ℃, adding an initiator with the mass ratio of 1.0-2.0%, stirring at the temperature of 50-70 ℃ for 20-40 min, adding 50-70 parts of maleic acid, adding 1-3 parts of 0.05-0.2 mol/L of cross-linking agent aqueous solution into the reaction mixture, continuously stirring for 2-4 h under argon, cooling the reaction product to room temperature, stirring to obtain a gel product with the pH value of 6.5-7.5 by adding 0.5-1.5 mol/L of NaOH aqueous solution, adding 1500-2500 parts of methanol into the gel product, completely dehydrating for 10-30 h, and grinding and sieving the gel particle hardening product to obtain the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent.
Preferably, the freeze drying parameters in step S2 are as follows: pre-freezing for 3-5 h at the temperature of minus 32 to minus 38 ℃, and vacuumizing and drying after freezing, wherein the drying conditions are as follows: the vacuum degree is 2-5 Pa, the product is gradually heated by adopting a one-time sublimation method, the temperature of the freeze-drying box plate layer is respectively kept at 0 ℃, 5 ℃, 10 ℃ and 15 ℃ for 2-3 hours, ice crystals of the product disappear, and then the temperature is raised to 26-30 ℃ of the drying chamber, and the temperature is kept for 2-3 hours.
Preferably, the initiator in the step S3 is one of azobisisobutyronitrile, di-tert-butyl peroxide and ammonium persulfate.
Preferably, the crosslinking agent in the step S3 is one of dicumyl peroxide, N-benzyl- (9Z, 12Z, 15Z) -octadecatrienamide and hydroxyethyl maleate.
Preferably, the screen adopted in the step S3 is a screen with a pore size of 200-400 meshes.
The surface morphology of the chitosan is not smooth, the chitosan derivative becomes smooth after being treated by the 2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride, the number of holes is small, an extra grafting site is provided by adding amino, maleic acid is grafted onto 2, 6-diaminoethyl chitosan, the crosslinking process is more uniform, the generated pore structure is more uniform, the formed vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent has a more advanced structure and smaller pore diameter, the pore structure provides a larger specific surface area which can be contacted with water, the water absorption rate can be improved, and the mechanical strength can be improved.
Grafted carboxyl groups are the main water-absorbing groups, and maleic acid grafting can increase its water-absorbing capacity. In addition, the carboxyl group of maleic acid increases osmotic pressure, which also increases the water absorption capacity after maleic acid grafting. However, when the initiator content exceeds 2.0%, the water absorption rate is lowered due to the generation of radicals by the excessive initiator, resulting in a shortened average kinetic chain length. And an excessive amount of the crosslinking agent also produces a denser network structure, resulting in a decrease in water absorption. Whereas when the content of the crosslinking agent is less than 1.0%, the super absorbent polymer is very soft and cannot maintain a fixed shape. The change in swelling capacity of the superabsorbent polymer in the buffer solution is due to NH 3+ And COO - Caused by the interaction of (a) and (b). At pH values less than 2, most of the basic and acidic groups are in non-ionized form, and hydrogen bonding between amine and carboxylic acid (possibly carboxamide) groups may lead to cross-linking and reduced swelling capacity. At pH above 11, carboxylic acid groups are ionized, electrostatic repulsive force between charge positions causes swelling to increase, and counter ions such as Cl are applied - 、Na + The influence of (a) may lead to a decrease in water absorption and even to the deactivation of the superabsorbent polymer. Taking into account NH 3+ Effect on Water absorption NH was introduced into 2, 6-diaminoethyl chitosan 3+ Improves the water absorption of the polymer in the buffer solution, and ensures that the super absorbent polymer is better suitable for soil conditions. The water retention is determined by the hydrogen bond and van der Waals interactions between water molecules and superabsorbent. The vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent has a more compact network structure, and a stronger network structure has higher water-retaining property. Meanwhile, the higher water absorbing capacity can also improve the water retention.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the application of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent in vegetable transplanting has the advantages that: 1) The application of the water-retaining agent for vegetable transplanting in vegetable transplanting is provided, the waiting time of difficult dilution of the water-retaining agent is reduced, and the waste phenomenon of the water-retaining agent left in a storage box when the diluted water-retaining agent falls down is reduced. 2) The device is simple and reliable to use, can be directly operated in the agricultural production process, greatly improves the working efficiency, reduces the labor cost, saves water resources, has strong practicability and is suitable for popularization. 3) The prepared vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent has the performances of water absorption, water retention, salt and alkali resistance and heat stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the adsorption of the water-retaining agent on the root after the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent is directly dipped in the root in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the adsorption of the water-retaining agent on the root after dipping the root with 100-fold dilution of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent in example 5.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing comparison of root adsorption after the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent is directly dipped into root and after the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent is dipped into 100-fold diluent.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The application of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent in vegetable transplanting comprises the following steps:
the root of 15 lettuce is directly dipped by adopting 0.6kg of vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent, then the lettuce is put into a prepared hole tray, the hole tray is immediately watered after soil covering, the hole tray is put into the open field, and the root of the hole tray is wrapped by a plastic film.
The preparation method of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent comprises the following steps:
s1, adding 150g of chitosan powder into 7.5kg of 1 mol/L2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride water solution, and stirring in a water bath at 65 ℃ until the chitosan powder is completely dissolved to prepare a chitosan derivative;
s2, adding 7.5kg of 1mol/L NaOH aqueous solution into the chitosan derivative prepared in the step S1, reacting for 18 hours in a water bath at 85 ℃, cooling to room temperature, pre-freezing for 4 hours at-35 ℃, and performing vacuumizing and drying after freezing, wherein the drying conditions are as follows: the vacuum degree is 3Pa, the product is gradually heated by adopting a one-time sublimation method, the temperature of the freeze-drying box plate layer is respectively kept at 0 ℃, 5 ℃, 10 ℃ and 15 ℃ for 2 hours, and then the temperature is increased to 28 ℃ of the drying chamber and kept for 2 hours, so as to obtain the 2, 6-diaminoethyl chitosan;
s3, placing the 2, 6-diaminoethyl chitosan prepared in the step S2 into a reactor provided with a mechanical stirrer and a gas inlet, adding 5kg of water, stirring and dissolving, placing the reactor into a water bath at 60 ℃, adding azobisisobutyronitrile with the mass ratio of 1.5%, stirring at 60 ℃ for 30min, adding 600g of maleic acid, adding 15g of 0.15mol/L N-benzyl- (9Z, 12Z, 15Z) -octadecatrienamide aqueous solution into the reaction mixture, continuously stirring for 3h under argon, cooling the reaction product to room temperature, adding 1mol/L NaOH solution to enable the pH value to be 7, stirring to generate a gel product, adding 20kg of methanol into the gel product, completely dehydrating for 24h, grinding the gel particle hardened product, and sieving by a 300-mesh sieve to obtain the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent.
Example 2
The application of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent in vegetable transplanting is basically the same as that of example 1, and the only difference is that: the preparation method of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent is inconsistent.
The preparation method of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent comprises the following steps:
s1, adding 7.5kg of 1 mol/L2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride aqueous solution into 7.5kg of 1mol/L NaOH aqueous solution, reacting for 18 hours in a water bath at 85 ℃, cooling to room temperature, pre-freezing for 4 hours at-35 ℃, and drying by vacuumizing after freezing, wherein the drying conditions are as follows: the vacuum degree is 3Pa, the product is gradually heated by adopting a one-time sublimation method, the temperature of the freeze-drying box plate layer is respectively kept at 0 ℃, 5 ℃, 10 ℃ and 15 ℃ for 2 hours, and then the temperature is increased to 28 ℃ of a drying chamber and kept for 2 hours, so as to obtain the dry compound;
s3, placing the dry compound prepared in the step S1 into a reactor provided with a mechanical stirrer and a gas inlet, adding 5kg of water, stirring for dissolution, placing the reactor into a water bath at 60 ℃, adding azobisisobutyronitrile with the mass ratio of 1.5%, stirring at 60 ℃ for 30min, adding 600g of maleic acid, adding 15g of 0.15mol/L of N-benzyl- (9Z, 12Z, 15Z) -octadecatrienamide aqueous solution into the reaction mixture, continuously stirring for 3h under argon, cooling the reaction product to room temperature, adding 1mol/L of NaOH solution to enable the pH value to be 7, stirring to generate a gel product, adding 20kg of methanol into the gel product, completely dehydrating for 24h, grinding the gel particle hardened product, sieving by a 300-mesh sieve, and obtaining the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent.
Example 3
The application of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent in vegetable transplanting is basically the same as that of example 1, and the only difference is that: the preparation method of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent is inconsistent.
The preparation method of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent comprises the following steps:
s1, adding 150g of chitosan powder into 7.5kg of 1mol/L NaOH aqueous solution, reacting for 18h in a water bath at 85 ℃, cooling to room temperature, pre-freezing for 4h at-35 ℃, and performing vacuumizing and drying after freezing, wherein the drying conditions are as follows: the vacuum degree is 3Pa, the product is gradually heated by adopting a one-time sublimation method, the temperature of the freeze-drying box plate layer is respectively kept at 0 ℃, 5 ℃, 10 ℃ and 15 ℃ for 2 hours, and then the temperature is increased to 28 ℃ of the drying chamber and kept for 2 hours, so as to obtain the chitosan compound;
s2, placing the chitosan compound prepared in the step S1 into a reactor provided with a mechanical stirrer and a gas inlet, adding 5kg of water, stirring for dissolution, placing the reactor into a water bath at 60 ℃, adding azobisisobutyronitrile with the mass ratio of 1.5%, stirring at 60 ℃ for 30min, adding 600g of maleic acid, adding 15g of 0.15mol/L of N-benzyl- (9Z, 12Z, 15Z) -octadecatrienamide aqueous solution into the reaction mixture, continuously stirring for 3h under argon, cooling the reaction product to room temperature, adding 1mol/L of NaOH solution to enable the pH value to be 7, stirring to generate gel products, adding 20kg of methanol into the gel products, completely dehydrating for 24h, grinding the gel particle hardened products, sieving by a 300-mesh sieve, and obtaining the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent.
Example 4
The application of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent in vegetable transplanting is basically the same as that of example 1, and the only difference is that: the preparation method of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent is inconsistent.
The preparation method of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent comprises the following steps:
s1, adding 150g of chitosan powder into 7.5kg of 1 mol/L2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride water solution, and stirring in a water bath at 65 ℃ until the chitosan powder is completely dissolved to prepare a chitosan derivative;
s2, adding 7.5kg of 1mol/L NaOH aqueous solution into the chitosan derivative prepared in the step S1, reacting for 18 hours in a water bath at 85 ℃, cooling to room temperature, pre-freezing for 4 hours at-35 ℃, and performing vacuumizing and drying after freezing, wherein the drying conditions are as follows: the vacuum degree is 3Pa, the product is gradually heated by adopting a one-time sublimation method, the temperature of the freeze-drying box plate layer is respectively kept at 0 ℃, 5 ℃, 10 ℃ and 15 ℃ for 2 hours, and then the temperature is increased to 28 ℃ of the drying chamber and kept for 2 hours, so as to obtain the 2, 6-diaminoethyl chitosan;
s3, placing the 2, 6-diaminoethyl chitosan prepared in the step S2 into a reactor provided with a mechanical stirrer and a gas inlet, adding 5kg of water, stirring and dissolving, placing the reactor into a water bath at 60 ℃, adding azobisisobutyronitrile with the mass ratio of 1.5%, stirring at 60 ℃ for 30min, adding 15g of 0.15mol/L N-benzyl- (9Z, 12Z, 15Z) -octadecatrienamide aqueous solution into the reaction mixture, continuously stirring for 3h under argon, cooling the reaction product to room temperature, adding 1mol/L NaOH solution to enable the pH value to be 7, stirring to generate a gel product, adding 20kg of methanol into the gel product, completely dehydrating for 24h, grinding the gel particle hardened product, and sieving by a 300-mesh sieve to obtain the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent.
Example 5
The application of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent in vegetable transplanting comprises the following steps:
adding 0.6kg of vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent into 60kg of water, uniformly stirring, immersing the root of 15 lettuce in water-retaining agent aqueous solution for 1min, putting the lettuce into a prepared cave dish, immediately watering after earthing, thoroughly watering, putting the cave dish into open field, and wrapping the root of the cave dish with a plastic film.
The preparation method of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and is not repeated here.
Comparative example 1
The application of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent in vegetable transplanting is basically the same as that of example 1, and the only difference is that: the preparation method of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent is inconsistent.
The preparation method of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent comprises the following steps:
5kg of water is placed in a reactor provided with a mechanical stirrer and a gas inlet, the reactor is placed in a water bath at 60 ℃, azodiisobutyronitrile with the mass ratio of 1.5% is added, stirring is carried out at 60 ℃ for 30min, 15g of 0.15mol/L of N-benzyl- (9Z, 12Z, 15Z) -octadecatriene amide aqueous solution is added into the reaction mixture, stirring is carried out continuously for 3h under argon, the reaction product is cooled to room temperature, the pH value is 7 by adding 1mol/L NaOH solution, gel product is generated after stirring, 20kg of methanol is added into the gel product, after complete dehydration for 24h, the gel particle hardened product is ground and sieved by a 300-mesh sieve, and the water-retaining agent for vegetable transplanting is obtained.
Test example 1
Soil moisture determination
After planting, soil humidity of the examples and comparative examples was tested at intervals of 2, 4, 1, 6, and 10 days, respectively, wherein the planting was rainy on day 1, rainy on day 5, rainy on day 12, rainy on day 23, cloudy or cloudy at other times, and each sample was tested three times per time point to average. The test results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: soil moisture test results
| Experimental protocol | At intervals of 2 days | At intervals of 4 days | At 1 day intervals | At intervals of 6 days | At intervals of 10 days |
| Example 1 | 21.8％ | 15.9％ | 13.1％ | 18.3％ | 19.5％ |
| Example 2 | 17.2％ | 13.2％ | 11.6％ | 16.1％ | 17.0％ |
| Example 3 | 17.7％ | 13.7％ | 12.2％ | 17.0％ | 17.8％ |
| Example 4 | 17.3％ | 13.4％ | 11.7％ | 16.2％ | 17.3％ |
| Example 5 | 21.9％ | 19.05％ | 12.4％ | 18.15％ | 19.35％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 16.1％ | 12.0％ | 10.3％ | 15.3％ | 15.9％ |
It can be seen from table 1 that the soil humidity in the later stage of example 1 is highest, and the main reason is probably that the technology of using the vegetable transplanting water retaining agent in example 1 is to directly dip the lettuce with the vegetable transplanting water retaining agent, the vegetable transplanting water retaining agent after dipping the lettuce is not fully absorbed by water, the absorption of the rain water in the later stage is more sufficient, the water retaining effect is longer, and the soil humidity in the later stage is higher after long-term observation that the vegetable transplanting water retaining agent is directly dipped. On the other hand, the surface appearance of the chitosan is not smooth, the chitosan derivative has reactive amino and hydroxyl, and the chitosan derivative becomes smooth after being treated by 2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride, so that the number of holes is small. Amino and ethyl groups are formed on the chitosan, an additional grafting site is provided by adding the amino groups, and maleic acid is grafted to the 2, 6-diaminoethyl chitosan, so that the crosslinking process is more uniform, and the super absorbent polymer with a large number of pores with uniform size is successfully prepared. The polymer synthesized through the grafting reaction can form an interpenetrating network structure, the developed pore structure can accelerate the diffusion of water in the network structure, the formed vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent has a more advanced structure and smaller pore diameter, the pore structure provides larger specific surface area which can be contacted with water, the water absorption capacity and the water absorption speed are improved, and the mechanical strength is also improved.
Test example 2
Water absorption multiple test of water-retaining agent
0.10g of water retention agent is weighed, 100ml of distilled water, tap water and underground water are respectively added, the water retention agent is placed for 60 minutes, the water retention agent is saturated in water absorption, the water absorption multiple is measured, each sample is tested three times, and the average value is obtained.
Table 2: test result of water absorption multiple of water-retaining agent
| Experimental protocol | Distilled water | Tap water | Groundwater system |
| Example 1 | 631.23 | 401.62 | 295.26 |
| Example 2 | 336.03 | 267.31 | 178.12 |
| Example 3 | 378.12 | 292.29 | 216.28 |
| Example 4 | 403.20 | 303.49 | 231.10 |
| Example 5 | 630.81 | 397.30 | 293.91 |
| Comparative example 1 | 47.09 | 36.09 | 33.49 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the water absorption capacity of example 1 and example 5 are both high, and the water absorption capacity of different water qualities is different, probably because ions in water affect the water absorption capacity of the water retaining agent. Compared with tap water, the water absorption multiple of the water-retaining agent is reduced mainly because the ion content of K, ca, na, al in the groundwater is higher and the water-retaining agent is combined with the hydrophilic site of the water-retaining agent, so that the water absorption multiple of the water-retaining agent is reduced.
Example 1 and example 5 have the best water absorption effect, probably because chitosan is an ideal skeleton for synthesizing super absorbent polymers. The chitosan is mixed with 2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride, and nucleophilic substitution reaction is carried out on amino and hydroxyl on the chitosan and the 2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride under the action of alkali. The amino group at the 2-position and the hydroxyl group at the 6-position of chitosan are the most important positions for nucleophilic substitution, while the hydroxyl group at the 3-position has a lower substitution degree due to steric hindrance, thereby forming 2, 6-diaminoethyl chitosan. The introduction of the aminoethyl group breaks the intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds of chitosan. 2, 6-diaminoethyl chitosan is taken as a framework, and the amino ethyl chitosan is synthesized by maleic acid graft copolymerization. An initiator and a crosslinking agent are added. First, the initiator decomposes under heating to form sulfate anion radicals. The free radicals extract hydrogen from the amino and hydroxyl groups, producing more reactive groups. Maleic acid molecules approach these reactive sites and act as radical acceptors, producing polymer chain growth. Meanwhile, the polymer chain can react with a cross-linking agent to generate chemical cross-linking, and finally a network structure is formed. The formed vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent has more advanced structure and smaller pore diameter, and can improve the water absorption rate. The water retention is determined by the hydrogen bond and van der Waals interactions between water molecules and superabsorbent. The vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent has a more compact network structure, and a stronger network structure has higher water-retaining property. Meanwhile, the higher water absorbing capacity can also improve the water retention.
Test example 3
Chlorophyll content test
Determination of chlorophyll content of lettuce seedlings in examples and comparative examples by an 80wt% acetone aqueous solution leaching method, taking lettuce seedlings after 24 days of growth, shading and leaching for 48 hours, carrying out colorimetry at 663nm and 646nm wavelengths by using a TU-1900 double beam ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, carrying out three tests on each sample, and calculating a chlorophyll formula as shown in Table 3:
Ca＝12.21D 663 -2.81D 646
Cb＝20.13D 646 -5.03D 663
CT＝Ca+Cb＝17.32D 646 +7.18D 663
ca is chlorophyll a content;
cb is chlorophyll b content;
CT is chlorophyll a+b content.
Table 3: chlorophyll content test results
The photosynthetic pigments in the plant leaves are the material basis for photosynthesis of plants, the chlorophyll content is high, the metabolic level of seedlings is high, the synthesis of organic matters is high, the growth is vigorous after field planting, and the table 3 shows that the chlorophyll content of the example 1 is the highest, and the water-retaining agent and the using method of the example 1 can enable the seedlings to well perform anabolism of chlorophyll and promote the growth of plants. The possible reason is that the water-retaining agent of example 1 has the best water-absorbing and water-retaining effect, and is applied by direct root dipping, and has the best long-term water-retaining effect, so that lettuce seedlings are subjected to the lowest drought stress degree, when the free water content in the plant body is higher, the metabolic activity of the plant is relatively vigorous, the growth of the plant is also relatively rapid, and the content of synthesized chlorophyll is higher.
Claims (5)
1. The application of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent in vegetable transplanting is characterized by comprising the following specific applications:
dipping roots of the vegetables to be tested by adopting a vegetable transplanting water retaining agent, putting the vegetables into the dug planting furrows in the open field of the field, immediately watering after earthing, and wrapping the roots by using a plastic film;
the preparation method of the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent comprises the following steps:
s1, adding chitosan powder into 2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride aqueous solution, stirring in a water bath, and completely dissolving to obtain a chitosan derivative;
s2, adding the chitosan derivative prepared in the step S1 into an aqueous solution of NaOH, carrying out water bath reaction, and then freeze-drying to obtain 2, 6-diaminoethyl chitosan;
s3, placing the 2, 6-diaminoethyl chitosan prepared in the step S2 into a reactor, then adding water, stirring and dissolving, placing the reactor into a water bath, adding an initiator, stirring, adding maleic acid, adding a cross-linking agent aqueous solution into a reaction mixture, continuously stirring under argon, cooling to room temperature, adding a NaOH aqueous solution to adjust the pH value, stirring to generate a gel product, adding methanol into the gel product, completely dehydrating, grinding and sieving the gel particle hardening product to obtain the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent;
the initiator in the step S3 is one of azodiisobutyronitrile, di-tert-butyl peroxide and ammonium persulfate;
the cross-linking agent in the step S3 is one of dicumyl peroxide, N-benzyl- (9Z, 12Z, 15Z) -octadecatrienamide and hydroxyethyl maleate.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the vegetable to be tested is lettuce.
3. The use according to claim 1, wherein the root dipping method is to dip the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent with 100-fold dilution liquid or directly dip the vegetable transplanting water-retaining agent with the root.
4. The use according to claim 1, wherein the freeze drying parameters in step S2 are as follows: pre-freezing for 3-5 hours at the temperature of minus 32 to minus 38 ℃, and vacuumizing and drying after freezing, wherein the drying conditions are as follows: the vacuum degree is 2-5 Pa, the product is gradually heated by adopting a one-time sublimation method, the temperature of the freeze-drying box plate layer is kept at 0 ℃, 5 ℃, 10 ℃ and 15 ℃ for 2-3 hours respectively, ice crystals of the product disappear, and then the temperature is raised to 26-30 ℃ at the temperature of the drying chamber and kept for 2-3 hours.
5. The use according to claim 1, wherein the screen used in the screening in step S3 has a screen size of 200 to 400 mesh.
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| JPH0788410B2 (en) * | 1986-09-01 | 1995-09-27 | ライオン株式会社 | Method for producing surface-crosslinked porous polymer |
| JP3987348B2 (en) * | 2001-01-26 | 2007-10-10 | 株式会社日本触媒 | Manufacturing method of water-absorbing agent |
| JP2006262847A (en) * | 2005-03-25 | 2006-10-05 | Research Institute Of Innovative Technology For The Earth | Soil water retention material for agriculture and horticulture |
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| CN102321195B (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2013-03-06 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Chitosan aminoethyl quaternary ammonium salt derivative and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104558442A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-04-29 | 青岛文创科技有限公司 | Method for synthesizing chitosan cross-linked polymaleic anhydride super absorbent resin |
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