CN114672504A - 一种具有高效同源定向修复活性Cas9-RNAi RNP的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种具有高效同源定向修复活性Cas9-RNAi RNP的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有高效同源定向修复活性Cas9‑RNAi RNP的制备方法,其中,选择对NHEJ途径的关键蛋白Ligase 4进行短暂抑制,通过延长Cas9RNP的gRNA的3′端以构建shRNA的类似结构,利用大肠杆菌细胞“一步法”表达Cas9RNP技术,得到携带特定sgRNA‑shRNA的Cas‑RNAi RNP。本发明的Cas‑RNAi RNP实现了基因编辑与RNA干扰的功能联用,设计针对Ligase 4基因的shRNA碱基序列,以期对NHEJ途径进行暂时抑制,从而实现高效的HDR修复。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有高效同源定向修复活性Cas9-RNAi RNP的制备方法及应用,属于重组蛋白领域。
背景技术
CRISPR系统源自于细菌和古生菌的获得性免疫系统,能够在crRNA的引导下靶向切割再次入侵的外源遗传物质。受到该过程的启发,研究人员开发出一种名为CRISPR/Cas9的基因组编辑技术。该系统的主要组分有Cas9蛋白和单链导向RNA(single guide RNA,sgRNA),Cas9蛋白在sgRNA与特定基因序列碱基互补配对的导向作用下到达靶基因,通过HNH和RuvC结构域切割DNA造成双链断裂(double strand break,DSB)。在哺乳动物细胞中,修复这种DSB的两大主要途径是产生插入或者删除突变却占主导地位的非同源末端连接(non-homologous end joining,NHEJ)和依照模板DNA精准修复却频率很低的同源重组修复(homology-directed repair,HDR)。因其高效性和易操作性,CRISPR/Cas9系统被广泛应用于在因功能研究、疾病诊断、疾病模型建立以及基因治疗,为多个学科领域的基础研究带来极大的便利,也为临床治疗基因疾病提供了一种方式。
CRISPR/Cas9系统是很有力的基因编辑工具,但它引入的双链断裂(DSB)如果不及时和准确的修复,不仅会影响基因治疗的效果,还会对基因组的稳定造成严重损伤,导致染色体重排、发育紊乱、细胞癌变等后果。在哺乳细胞当中,DBS的修复主要由NHEJ和HDR两大相互竞争又相互补充的修复途径承担。由于高水平的蛋白丰度和动力学,NHEJ几乎在整个细胞周期里都占据主导地位,承担着维持基因组稳定的重要任务。通过插入或者删除部分核苷酸形成微同源末端,NHEJ通常会引入不可控的突变。HDR需要修复的同源模板,通过同源臂介导链置换反应,进行多步反应最终得到与模板一致的精准修复结果。利用HDR修复途径,我们可以通过CRISPR等编辑技术在基因组上插入特定片段或者精确修改单碱基,但在实际应用中HDR的效率极低。抑制NHEJ途径被证明是提高HDR效率的一种方式。Ligase 4作为NHEJ途径最核心的连接酶,已经有许多研究表明抑制Ligase 4的功能可显著提高HDR效率。但是全细胞范围或者持续抑制NHEJ途径会造成细胞无法及时修复其他DNA损伤,导致染色质异位重排、细胞癌变死亡等后果。因此,提高CRISPR基因编辑后HDR修复效率是目前亟待解决的一个难题。
此外,当前,CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑主要依赖病毒包装、质粒转染或mRNA递送的方式将Cas9基因递送至机体并持续表达。与DNA/RNA为基础的递送技术相比,将治疗性的核糖核蛋白复合物(RNP)递送入机体进行基因编辑可降低蛋白的潜在毒性及基因整合的风险,因而能极大的提升基因治疗的安全性。本发明旨在建立一种安全性高,HDR基因编辑效率高的CRISPR/Cas9核酸蛋白复合物的方法。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明的目的是获得一种具有高效同源定向修复活性Cas9-RNAi RNP的制备方法及应用。
为实现上述发明目的之一,本发明采用的具有高效同源定向修复活性Cas9-RNAiRNP的制备方法的技术方案如下:
所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
a)构建Cas9-RNAi RNP的表达质粒;
b)将步骤a)中形成的表达质粒转化至表达菌株中,诱导表达;
c)裂解步骤b)中收集的菌体,一步纯化得到gRNA的3’端延长的Cas9-RNAi RNP。
优选的,Cas9-RNAi RNP表达质粒是以Ptac-cas9-T7-sgRNA为载体骨架改造得到的,其特征是可以让Cas9蛋白和gRNA-shRNA在大肠杆菌细胞内完成自组装并可以通过一步法快速制备稳定的Cas9-RNAi RNP。
优选的,所述步骤a)具体为:
延长gRNA的3’端并引入shRNA序列,形成sgRNA-shRNA结构,并和Cas9蛋白构建在同一个质粒上,在大肠杆菌细胞内自组装形成稳定的Cas9-RNAi RNP。
优选的,所述sgRNA-shRNA两端有SalⅠ酶切位点,便于更换不同靶向序列。在sgRNA和shRNA之间设计了Linker和Drosha识别位点,以期通过Drosha蛋白的切割作用释放shRNA。
优选的,所述步骤b)的表达菌株为RNaseⅢ缺陷型的大肠杆菌HT115。
进一步优选的,所述步骤b)具体为:
含有sgRNA-shRNA结构的Cas9-RNAi RNP表达质粒需要被转化至RNaseⅢ缺陷型的大肠杆菌HT115 DE3中,再根据大肠杆菌四环素抗性和质粒抗性进行双抗性标记筛选目的菌落。
所述制备方法还包括Cas9-RNAi RNP的验证步骤,具体为:
i.体外酶切实验验证Cas9-RNAi RNP的离体活性;
ii.检测纯化得到的Cas9-RNAi RNP中sgRNA-shRNA的完整性;
iii.通过脂质体转染试剂,将Cas9-RNAi RNP转染进HEK293T细胞系中,检测对目标基因的干扰效果、以及基因组编辑的HDR效率。
优选的,所述HEK293T细胞系为过表达蓝色荧光蛋白BFP的人胚胎肾细胞293T细胞。
优选的,步骤iii具体为:
将Cas9 RNP转染进HEK293T细胞系中,检测干扰效果和基因组编辑的HDR效率;
将Cas9-RNAi RNP转染进HEK293T细胞系中,检测干扰效果和基因组编辑的HDR效率。
优选的,Cas9基因编辑靶向的是BFP基因,在转染时均提供外源单链DNA供体,这种条件下HDR修复可以将表达BFP的细胞转变为表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的细胞。
优选的,人工合成的siRNA和Cas9-RNAi RNP中的shRNA均靶向NHEJ途径的关键蛋白Ligase 4。
本发明还公开了一种采用上述制备方法所得的shRNA的应用,所述shRNA序列用于对NHEJ途径进行暂时抑制,从而实现高效的HDR修复。
本发明选择对NHEJ途径的关键蛋白Ligase 4进行短暂抑制。通过延长Cas9 RNP的gRNA的3′端以构建shRNA的类似结构,利用大肠杆菌细胞“一步法”表达Cas9 RNP技术,得到携带特定sgRNA-shRNA的Cas-RNAi RNP。Cas-RNAi RNP实现了基因编辑与RNA干扰的功能联用。设计针对Ligase 4基因的shRNA碱基序列,以期对NHEJ途径进行暂时抑制,从而实现高效的HDR修复。
与现有技术相比,本发明能产生的有益效果包括:
1.本发明设计的Cas9-RNAi RNP在大肠杆菌HT115菌株内自组装,并可一步法纯化到大量活性良好的RNP,且全程不需要添加任何RNase抑制剂,将RNP的制备时间从三天天缩短到一天,成本降低了10倍以上。
2.本发明中sgRNA-shRNA的设计在被转移到哺乳动物细胞后可被Drosha和Dicer蛋白加工成siRNA,可进行多维基因组操作,同时实现了对目标基因的编辑和敲低。
3.在本发明实施例中,通过gRNA的3'端引入针对Ligase 4基因的特异性shRNA序列,可有效提高同源性定向修复(HDR)效率。
4.RNAi和CRISPR/Cas9技术等基因扰动方法已发展成为了解特定基因功能和治愈遗传疾病的强大工具。本发明为基因组工程和基因功能分析提供了功能强大的Cas9 RNP工具包。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的实施例中构建的Cas9-RNAi RNP表达质粒的示意图;
图2为Cas9-RNAi RNP的制备与纯化及其活性验证。(a)镍柱亲和纯化结果;(b)离体活性检测结果;
图3为8%Urea/TBE聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测RNP中sgRNA-shRNA的完整性;
图4为Cas9-RNAi RNP转染进细胞发挥作用的机制示意图;
图5为细胞内Ligase 4基因的相对表达水平检测;
图6Cas9-RNAi RNP基因组编辑的HDR效率检测。(a)Cas9-RNAi RNP介导HDR修复的荧光显微镜图像;(b)Cas9-RNAi RNP介导HDR修复的测序分析结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的具有高效同源定向修复活性Cas9-RNAi RNP的制备方法及应用作进一步详细、完整地说明。下面描述的实施例是示例性的,仅用于解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。下述实施例中所用的实验材料如无特殊说明,均为市场购买得到。
本发明实施例涉及的主要材料如下:质粒克隆菌株为Escherichia coli XL10-Gold、蛋白表达菌株为Escherichia coli HT115 DE3、Ptac-cas9-T7sgRNA质粒、PfuDNAPolymerase、Phanta Super-Fidelity DNAPolymerase、Proteinase K、T5核酸外切酶、限制性核酸内切酶(NEB公司)、过表达蓝色荧光蛋白(BFP)的人胚胎肾细胞293T细胞系,以上材料均为本实验室保存。
本发明实施例涉及的试剂及缓冲液如下:Cas9蛋白裂解缓冲液(Tris-HCL 20mMpH 8.0、NaCl 500mM、TCEP 0.5mM)、Cas9蛋白洗脱缓冲液(Tris-HCL 20mM pH 8.0、NaCl250mM、TCEP 0.5mM)、Cas9蛋白贮存缓冲液(Tris-HCL 20mM pH 8.0、NaCl 150mM、TCEP1mM、10%甘油)、咪唑缓冲液(20-500mM浓度梯度)、3.1 10×Buffer(NEB公司),引物购自上海生物工程有限公司。
实施例1Cas9-RNAi RNP表达质粒的构建
1.本实验室保存的Ptac-cas9-T7sgRNA质粒为载体骨架,使用限制性内切酶SalⅠ进行酶切。质粒上已经存在SpCas9基因序列,只需在SalⅠ的酶切位点后连接sgRNA-shRNA序列。
2.设计靶向BFP基因和干扰Ligase 4基因的sgRNA-shRNA序列,总长度为210nt。合成5对引物利用同源臂退火搭出sgRNA-shRNA片段再进行PCR扩增。更换sgRNA序列和shRNA序列时只需要重新设计2对引物,其他3对引物保持不变。重叠PCR中的混合引物是将除了首尾引物的其他引物混合在一起稀释10倍,重叠PCR的循环数为10左右,将产物作为模板,使用首尾引物进行DNA目的片段的PCR扩增,循环数为15左右。
引物设计如下(5'→3'):
F-1(SEQ ID NO:1):GTACTGAGAGTGCACCATAGTAATACGACTCACTATAGG
R-2(SEQ ID NO:2):
ACGGCGTGCAGTGCTTCAGCCCTATAGTGAGTCGTATTACTATGGTGC
F-3(SEQ ID NO:3):
GCTGAAGCACTGCACGCCGTGTTTTAGAGCTAGAAATAGCAAGTTAAAA
newR-4(SEQ ID NO:4):
CTTTTTCAAGTTGATAACGGACTAGCCTTATTTTAACTTGCTATTTCT
newF-5(SEQ ID NO:5):
GTTATCAACTTGAAAAAGTGGCACCGAGTCGGTGCTTTCCGACTCGA
newR-6(SEQ ID NO:6):
TCTCTTGAACATACGTTCACCATCTAGCTGCCTACTGCTCGAGTCGG
AAAGCACCG
LIG4F-7(SEQ ID NO:7):
TGGTGAACGTATGTTCAAGAGACATACGTTCACCATCTAGCTTTTT
TCTAGCATA
LIG4R-8(SEQ ID NO:8):
GACCCGTTTAGAGGCCCCAAGGGGTTATGCTAGAAAAAA
LIG4F-9(SEQ ID NO:9):
CTTGGGGCCTCTAAACGGGTCTTGAGGGGTTTTTTGGACTA
LIG4R-10(SEQ ID NO:10):
TCACACCGCATACGTCAAAGCAACCATAGTCCAAAAAACCCC
重叠PCR反应体系
3.将所述的退火搭桥片段与Ptac-cas9-T7sgRNA质粒的线性片段用T5核酸外切酶在冰水浴中进行同源末端消化5min,产物进行常规转化大肠杆菌Gold感受态细胞,挑取单菌落进行测序检测。
实施例2Cas9-RNAi RNP的表达纯化和离体活性测试
如图1所示,将实施例1中构建的Cas9-RNAi RNP表达质粒转化至大肠杆菌表达菌株HT115 DE3感受态细胞,采用氨苄青霉素和四环素双抗筛选获得目的表达菌种。向含有双抗的液体培养基中接入该菌种,于37℃220rpm摇床中过夜培养,再按1:100转接至1L含有相应抗生素的液体培养基中,继续37℃220rpm培养至OD600=0.6~0.8。加入终浓度为1mM的IPTG后转入18℃220rpm摇床诱导16~18小时。诱导结束后,收集并破裂菌体,通过Ni珠亲和纯化一步法快速制备了大量Cas9-RNAi RNP,进行SDS-PAGE电泳分析。纯化结果如图2(a)所示,SpCas9蛋白大小为167kDa,在300、400和500mM洗脱下来的蛋白很纯,因此收集这几个梯度的洗脱液,浓缩超滤和换液后储存于-80℃待用。
对于体外核酸内切酶活性测定,将纯化自大肠杆菌的Cas RNP直接用于消化含有目标dsDNA序列的质粒。参照NEB官网信息进行体外酶切实验,以10μL为例,加入0.1pmol的靶DNA、1.2pmol的Cas9-RNAi RNP、1μL的NEB Buffer 3.1和适量无菌水将体系补齐。37℃反应30min后80℃10min灭活,并进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测RNP的酶切活性,结果如图2(b)。一般认为在37℃30min的条件下1.2pmol的Cas9 RNP能完全切开0.1pmol的质粒,则该RNP可以被用于细胞的基因编辑实验。因此该RNP切割靶向DNA位点的活性良好。
实施例3检测Cas9-RNAi RNP中sgRNA-shRNA的完整性
为了检测实施例2中获得的蛋白中是否含有完整的sgRNA-shRNA,使用蛋白酶K对纯化得到的Cas9-RNAi RNP进行处理,进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶核酸电泳结果如图3所示。sgRNA-shRNA的理论大小为210nt左右,电泳结果与预期一致。
本实施例结果表明构建的Cas9-RNAi RNP表达质粒转化进大肠杆菌HT115(DE3)可以正确表达并可以通过Ni珠亲和纯化一步得到在大肠杆菌体内自组装的包含sgRNA-shRNA结构的SpCas9 RNP。
实施例4RT-qPCR分析shRNA对靶标基因的沉默作用
对表达BFP蛋白的HEK 293T细胞进行转染时,将加入Cas9蛋白(无sgRNA)、NCsiRNA或者LIG4 siRNA转染的细胞作为对照,实验组为sgBFP RNP(指含有靶向BFP的sgRNA的RNP)、sgBFP-shLIG4 RNP(指含有sgRNA靶向BFP,shRNA靶向Ligase 4的sgRNA-shRNA的RNP)和sgBFP RNP外加LIG4 siRNA,每个实验组均提供外源合成的单链DNA供体。Cas9-RNAiRNP转染进细胞发挥作用的机制示意图如图4所示。将各组分通过Lipofectamine CRISPMAX转染至HEK 293T细胞中,放入含有5%二氧化碳的37℃培养箱内孵育4~5小时后,更换为新鲜的完全培养基,继续培养48小时。
先进行实施例5中的荧光显微镜观察发绿色荧光的细胞。再将细胞分成两部分,一部分抽提总RNA,测定RNA浓度后取一定量RNA反转录成cDNA,进行RT-qPCR分析比较这几组转染后细胞内Ligase 4基因mRNA的水平,结果如图5所示。细胞内Ligase 4基因的mRNA水平在转染进携带有shLIG4的RNP后,均下降了百分之五十左右,说明本发明的Cas9-RNAi RNP基本实现与siRNA方法类似的敲低作用。
实施例5Cas9-RNAi RNP基因组编辑的HDR效率检测
利用本实验室构建的表达蓝色荧光蛋白(BFP)的人胚胎肾细胞HEK293T细胞系为报告细胞系,将第67位CAT(His)更改成TAC(Tyr)即可把BFP转变为GFP。以此为依据设计并合成ssDNA修复模板,序列为(SEQ ID NO:11):
GTGGTCGGGGTAGCGGCTGAAGCACTGCACGCCGTACGTCAGGGTGGTCACGAGGGTGGGCCAGGGCACG
在向细胞内递送Cas9 RNP和ssDNA供体后,一旦发生了正确的基因修复,BFP-HEK293细胞将被转化为表达GFP的HEK293细胞,因此,HDR的效率可以由GFP的细胞数量/全部的细胞数量计算得出。图6(a)为荧光显微镜观察结果。
另一部分细胞收集后进行基因组的抽提,再将从基因组上扩增的靶位点附近的片段胶回收后,送往上海生工进行测序。对测序结果进行分析,结果如图6(b)所示。综合来看,与单独使用野生型Cas9 RNP相比,本发明中Cas9-RNAi RNP的设计可有效提高HDR效率,在本实施例中可将HEK 293T细胞中外源基因处基因编辑的HDR效率提高24%。
最后有必要在此说明的是:以上实施例只用于对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细地说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的技术人员根据本发明的上述内容作出的一些非本质的改进和调整均属于本发明的保护范围。
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Claims (9)
1.一种具有高效同源定向修复活性Cas9-RNAi RNP的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
a)构建Cas9-RNAi RNP的表达质粒;
b)将步骤a)中形成的表达质粒转化至表达菌株中,诱导表达;
c)裂解步骤b)中收集的菌体,一步纯化得到携带3’端延长的gRNA的Cas9-RNAiRNP。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤a)具体为:
延长gRNA的3’端并引入shRNA序列,形成sgRNA-shRNA结构,并和Cas9蛋白构建在同一个质粒上,在大肠杆菌细胞内自组装形成稳定的Cas9-RNAi RNP。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述sgRNA-shRNA两端有SalⅠ酶切位点,在sgRNA和shRNA之间设计了Linker和Drosha识别位点。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤b)的表达菌株为RNaseⅢ缺陷型的大肠杆菌HT115。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤b)具体为:
含有sgRNA-shRNA结构的Cas9-RNAi RNP表达质粒需要被转化至RNaseⅢ缺陷型的大肠杆菌HT115 DE3中,再根据大肠杆菌四环素抗性和质粒抗性进行双抗性标记筛选目的菌落。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法还包括Cas9-RNAi RNP的验证步骤,具体为:
i.体外酶切实验验证Cas9-RNAi RNP的离体活性;
ii.检测纯化得到的Cas9-RNAi RNP中sgRNA-shRNA的完整性;
iii.通过脂质体转染试剂,将Cas9-RNAi RNP转染进HEK293T细胞系中,检测对目标基因的干扰效果、以及基因组编辑的HDR效率。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述HEK293T细胞系为过表达蓝色荧光蛋白BFP的人胚胎肾细胞293T细胞。
8.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤iii具体为:
将Cas9 RNP转染进HEK293T细胞系中,检测干扰效果和基因组编辑的HDR效率;
将Cas9-RNAi RNP转染进HEK293T细胞系中,检测干扰效果和基因组编辑的HDR效率。
9.一种采用根据权利要求1~8任一项所述的制备方法所得的Cas9-RNAi RNP应用,其特征在于,所述Cas9-RNAi RNP序列用于对NHEJ途径进行暂时抑制,从而实现高效的HDR修复。
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