CN114668075A - Ginseng and wheat fibrous root polysaccharide granules and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a ginseng-wheat fibrous root polysaccharide granule, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: mixing Ginseng radix fibril and radix Ophiopogonis fibril, and adding ethanol to remove impurities. Adding distilled water for extraction, mixing the extractive solutions, concentrating, and filtering to obtain concentrate; adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the prepared concentrate, standing overnight, centrifuging, collecting precipitate, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone, and centrifuging; placing the precipitate in a freeze drying device, vacuum freeze drying, grinding into powder, mixing with adjuvants, adding ethanol, and making into granule. The ginseng and ophiopogon root non-medicinal parts are reasonably utilized, and the ginseng and ophiopogon root non-medicinal parts are added into the laying hen feed in the production practice, so that the egg laying quantity of the laying hen can be increased, and the egg quality can be improved; the feed can be added into a mouse feed to enhance the immunity of a mouse with low immunity; the additive can reduce diarrhea rate and death rate of young rabbits and increase immune function of young rabbits.

Description

A kind of ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules and preparation method and application thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of feed additives, in particular to a ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granule and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background technique

Shenmai Recipe is composed of two traditional Chinese medicines, ginseng and Ophiopogon japonicus, derived from the ancient prescription Shengmaiyin. Ginseng supplements vital energy, regenerates the pulse, replenishes the blood, nourishes the blood, nourishes the yin and promotes the body fluid, moistens the lung and clears the heart. . Studies have shown that Shenmai Fang has a protective effect on myocardial injury in rats caused by doxorubicin. Among them, ginseng is the dry root of Panax ginseng, a perennial herb, which likes shade and coolness. It is mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and other provinces and the deep mountains in the north of Hebei Province. It is now mostly artificially cultivated. Its taste is sweet, slightly bitter, warm in nature, and it returns to the spleen, lung, and heart meridians, and has the functions of invigorating vitality, restoring the pulse and removing blood, and nourishing qi and blood. The medicinal parts of ginseng root will produce a lot of fibrous roots when harvested, which is not traditionally used as medicine. Among them, Ophiopogon japonicus is the dry tuberous root of the Liliaceae plant Ophiopogon japonicus. Functions and indications: nourishing yin and promoting body fluid, moistening the lungs and relieving cough: used for symptoms such as less thirst, dry cough and hemoptysis due to deficiency of lung and stomach yin; Ophiopogon japonicus is the fibrous part of the root tuber, and it is also the non-medicinal part that is wasted in production practice.

In production and life, the fibrous roots of ginseng and Ophiopogon japonicus are regarded as non-medicinal parts and have not been effectively used, which not only causes a burden on the environment, but also causes a lot of waste.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the present invention provides a ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granule, a preparation method and an application thereof, in view of the above-mentioned problems. The polysaccharide granules have low production cost.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a preparation method of ginseng root polysaccharide granules, comprising the following steps:

① The fibrous root of ginseng and Radix Ophiopogon japonicus are respectively added to ethanol for impregnation, then heated and refluxed for extraction, after the fibrous roots are recovered, dried in a dryer to prepare the fibrous root of ginseng and fibrous root of Ophiopogon japonicus after impurity removal;

2. Mix the removed ginseng fibrous root and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root, add distilled water for extraction, and extract twice; the combined extract is concentrated to 1/20 volume, filtered to obtain a concentrate, which is for subsequent use;

③ Add absolute ethanol to the concentrate prepared in step ②, let it stand at 4°C for 12 hours, collect the precipitate by centrifugation, wash the precipitate with absolute ethanol and acetone in turn, and then separate by centrifugation;

④Place the precipitate in a freeze-drying device, grind it into powder after vacuum freeze-drying, and obtain ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide powder;

⑤Mix the polysaccharide powder obtained in step ④ with auxiliary materials, add ethanol with a concentration of 70-90%, mix evenly to granulate, and obtain after passing through a 16-mesh sieve.

Further, in the step ①, the fibrous root of ginseng and the fibrous root of Ophiopogon japonicus are respectively refluxed and extracted for 3 times, and each reflux extraction time is 1.5-2.5h, and the concentration of ethanol in the step ① is 70%-90%.

Further, the mass ratio of ginseng fibrous root and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root in the step 2 is 1:1-1:9 (w/w).

Further, the volume fraction of ethanol in the step ① is 70%-90%; the extraction time of each reflux is 1.5-2.5h.

Further, the total mass of ginseng fibrous root and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root described in the step 2. is 1:20-1:40 with the solid-liquid ratio (g/ml) of distilled water; The water extraction time is 1.5-2.5h.

Further, the volume ratio of the concentrate in the step 3. and absolute ethanol is 1:2-1:6.

Further, the auxiliary materials in step ⑤ include starch and dextrin, and the mass ratio of the starch to dextrin is 1.5-2.5:1.

Further, in step ⑤, the mass ratio of polysaccharide powder to auxiliary material is 1:1.25-1.75.

The present invention also provides a ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granule prepared by the above preparation method.

The invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules in preparing feed for laying hens and meat rabbits.

Further, the added amount of the ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules in the feed of the laying hens and meat rabbits is 1%.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention can obtain the following technical effects:

1) The present invention takes non-medicinal parts ginseng fibrous root and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root as raw materials, and the ginseng fibrous root and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root are compatible, and compared with the main root through test, it has the effects of nourishing qi, solidifying detoxification, nourishing yin and promoting body fluid equally. Using this method to prepare ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules, the total sugar content of the polysaccharide aqueous extract obtained by the test is 22.7% by the phenol-sulfuric acid method, and the obtained polysaccharide granules are measured by the same method. 26.3%.

2) The present invention uses non-medicinal parts ginseng fibrous root and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root as raw materials, belongs to the recycling of the non-medicinal parts of authentic medicinal materials ginseng and Ophiopogon japonicus, and can collect a large amount of ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide extraction raw materials through resource recovery. , make full use of resources and reduce production costs. The polysaccharide granules have low cost and strong economic benefits.

3) The preparation of the present invention only needs basic instruments such as electric heating mantle (or other common heating equipment), low-speed centrifuge, drying oven and rotary evaporator, the process is simple and reliable, convenient and easy to implement, the instrument is convenient to purchase, and there is no site requirement; related reagents It is starch, dextrin, ethanol, and acetone, all of which are recyclable and recyclable chemical reagents, and the recovery rate can reach more than 95%. The process is simple, and no pollutants are produced, which is environmentally friendly and healthy.

4) The auxiliary materials required by the present invention are starch and dextrin, which are cheap and easy to obtain, and have a good molding rate, and the prepared particles are stable and easy to store. At the same time, the mixture can be used in drinking water and has good palatability.

5) Pharmacodynamic studies of the present invention show that this product can not only be used as an immune enhancer, but also can increase the egg-laying performance of laying hens and the immune function of young rabbits.

Detailed ways

The invention discloses a ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granule and a preparation method and application thereof, and those skilled in the art can learn from the content of this article and appropriately improve process parameters to achieve. It should be particularly pointed out that all similar substitutions and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art, and they are deemed to be included in the present invention. The method and application of the present invention have been described through the preferred embodiments, and it is obvious that relevant persons can make changes or appropriate changes and combinations of the methods and applications described herein without departing from the content, spirit and scope of the present invention to achieve and Apply the technology of the present invention.

A preparation method of ginseng root polysaccharide granules of the present invention comprises the following steps:

①Ethanol impurity removal: ginseng fibrous roots and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous roots are respectively added to ethanol for impregnation, then heated and refluxed for extraction, after the fibrous roots are recovered, dried in a desiccator to prepare the impurity-removed ginseng fibrous roots and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous roots;

②Water extraction and concentration: Mix the fibrous roots of ginseng and Ophiopogon japonicus according to the mass ratio of 1:1-1:9 (w/w) after removing impurities, add distilled water for extraction, and extract twice; 1/20 volume, filtered, and the concentrate was prepared for use;

③Alcohol precipitation: add absolute ethanol to the concentrate prepared in step ②, let stand at 4°C for 12 hours, collect the precipitate by centrifugation, wash the precipitate with absolute ethanol and acetone in turn, and then separate by centrifugation;

④ Freeze-drying to obtain powder: the precipitate is placed in a freeze-drying device, and it is ground into powder after vacuum freeze-drying to obtain ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide powder;

⑤Granulation: Mix the polysaccharide powder obtained in step 4 with the auxiliary materials, add an appropriate amount of ethanol with a volume fraction of 70-90% as a binder and mix evenly, and use dry granulation to prepare granules, which are obtained after passing through a 16-mesh sieve.

Further, in the step (1), the fibrous root of ginseng and the fibrous root of Ophiopogon japonicus are respectively refluxed and extracted for 3 times, and 3-10 times the amount of ethanol is used for reflux extraction each time.

Further, the volume fraction of ethanol in the step ① is 70%-90%; the extraction time of each reflux is 1.5-2.5h.

Further, the mass ratio of ginseng fibrous root and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root in the step 2 is 1:1-1:9 (w/w).

Further, the total mass of ginseng fibrous root and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root described in the step 2. is 1:20-1:40 with the solid-liquid ratio (g/ml) of distilled water; The water extraction time is 1.5-2.5h.

Further, the volume ratio of the concentrate in the step 3. and absolute ethanol is 1:2-1:6.

Further, the auxiliary materials in step ⑤ include starch and dextrin, and the mass ratio of the starch to dextrin is 1.5-2.5:1.

Further, in step ⑤, the mass ratio of polysaccharide powder to auxiliary materials is 1:1.25-1.75.

The present invention also provides a ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granule prepared by the above preparation method. The properties of the granules are brown-yellow granules. Check the particle items as follows:

According to the "Granule" item on page 6 of Part 4 of the 2015 edition of the Veterinary Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, the inspection items are designed, and the test contents include particle size, moisture, loss on drying, solubility, water absorption, etc. The inspection results are as follows.

(1) Particle size: According to the particle size and particle size distribution measurement method (general rule 0982 second method double sieving method), the sum of the particles that cannot pass through No. 1 sieve and can pass through No. 5 sieve is 5.08%. Comply with Pharmacopoeia regulations.

(2) Moisture: According to the moisture determination method of Chinese medicine granules (General Rule 0832), the moisture content of the granules is 3.37%. Not more than 8% comply with pharmacopoeia regulations.

(3) Loss on drying: The granules are measured according to the method of loss on drying (General Rule 0831). Since the granules are Chinese medicine extracts and contain a large amount of polysaccharide components, they are dried under reduced pressure at 80°C to constant weight, and the weight loss is 1.51%. Not more than 2% complied with pharmacopoeia.

(4) Solubility: Take 10g of granules by the soluble particle inspection method, heat 200mL of water, stir for 5min, observe immediately, and find that the granules are only slightly turbid, which is in line with the Pharmacopoeia.

⑸Hygroscopicity: Take a dry stoppered glass weighing bottle (outer diameter is 50mm, height is 15mm), and place it in a suitable 25℃±1℃ constant temperature desiccator one day before the test (the lower part is placed with ammonium chloride or ammonium sulfate saturated solution) or artificial climate box (set temperature is 25 ℃ ± 1 ℃, relative humidity is 80% ± 2%), accurately weigh the weight (mL). Take 3g of the test product, spread it in the above weighing bottle, and accurately weigh it (m2). The weighing bottle was opened and placed with the bottle cap under the above constant temperature and humidity conditions for 24 hours. Close the lid of the weighing bottle and accurately weigh the weight (m3). Percentage of weight gain=(m3-m2)/(m2-m1)×100%. The moisture absorption rate was 7.4%. Comply with Pharmacopoeia regulations.

The invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules in preparing feed for laying hens and meat rabbits. The added amount of the ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules in the feed for laying hens and meat rabbits is 1%. The present invention is added to the feed of laying hens according to the addition amount of 1%, which can not only be used as an immune enhancer, but also can increase the egg-laying performance of the laying hens, the Hastelloy unit of the eggs is significantly increased, and the lipid content in the eggs is reduced. . Adding the present invention to the meat rabbit feed according to the addition amount of 1% can reduce the diarrhea rate and death rate of the weaned rabbits and increase the immune function of the young rabbits.

In order to further understand the present invention, a kind of ginseng and fibrous root polysaccharide granules of the present invention and its preparation method and application are described below with reference to the examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.

Example 1

A kind of ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules, prepared according to the following method:

①Ethanol impurity removal: 100g ginseng fibrous root and 900g Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root were respectively soaked in 90% (V/V) ethanol for 2 hours, then heated with an electric heating mantle to keep them in a slightly boiling state at 100°C for 3 times of heating and reflux extraction. 10 times the amount of 90% (V/V) ethanol was used for reflux extraction for 2h; fibrous roots were recovered and dried in a desiccator; ginseng fibrous roots and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous roots after impurity removal were prepared;

②Water extraction and concentration: The fibrous roots of ginseng and Ophiopogon japonicus are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:9 (w/w) after removing impurities, and distilled water is added for extraction. The total mass of ginseng fibrous root and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root and distilled water were extracted twice, 2h each time, and the concentrated solution was combined to 1/20 of the original extract volume according to the ratio of material to liquid (g/ml) was 1:40 and the temperature was 90 °C. Filtration to prepare a concentrate for subsequent use;

③Alcohol precipitation: add 4 times the amount of anhydrous ethanol (V/V) to the concentrate prepared in step ②, stand at 4°C for 12h, centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to collect the precipitate, and wash the precipitate with anhydrous ethanol and acetone in turn. , centrifugal separation;

④ Freeze-drying to obtain powder: the precipitate obtained after centrifugation in step ③ is placed in a freeze-drying device, and the powder is ground after vacuum freeze-drying to obtain ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide powder.

⑤Preparation of granules: firstly prepare auxiliary materials, the auxiliary materials include starch and dextrin, and the weight ratio of the starch and dextrin is 2:1. Then, the polysaccharide powder obtained in step 4 is mixed with the auxiliary materials according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5, and an appropriate amount of 90% (V/V) ethanol is added to achieve the effect of "grip it into a group and touch it to disperse". After 16 mesh sieves, ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules were obtained. The ginseng root polysaccharide granules prepared in this example have been confirmed by experiments that the polysaccharide content of the polysaccharide granules reaches 26.3%, and the maximum forming rate of the granules is 94.7%.

Example 2

A kind of ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules, prepared according to the following method:

①Ethanol impurity removal: 100g of ginseng fibrous root and 900g of Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root were soaked in ethanol with a volume fraction of 70% (V/V) for 2 hours, and heated with an electric heating mantle to keep them in a slightly boiling state at 100 °C for heating and reflux extraction. 3 times, using 8 times the amount of 70% (V/V) ethanol for reflux extraction for 2.5h each time; reclaiming fibrous roots, drying in a desiccator; preparing the ginseng fibrous roots and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous roots after removing impurities;

②Water extraction and concentration: The fibrous roots of ginseng and Ophiopogon japonicus are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:9 (w/w) after removing impurities, and distilled water is added for extraction. The total mass of ginseng fibrous root and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root and distilled water are extracted twice with distilled water according to the ratio of material to liquid (g/ml) at 100°C, for 1.5h each time, and the concentrated solution is combined to 1/20 of the volume of the original extract. , filtered, and the concentrate was prepared for use;

③Alcohol precipitation: add 2 times the amount of anhydrous ethanol (V/V) to the concentrate prepared in step ②, stand at 4°C for 12h, centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to collect the precipitate, and wash the precipitate with anhydrous ethanol and acetone in turn. after centrifugation;

④ Freeze-drying to obtain powder: the precipitate obtained after centrifugation in step ③ is placed in a freeze-drying device, and the powder is ground after vacuum freeze-drying to obtain ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide powder.

⑤Preparation of granules: firstly, auxiliary materials are prepared, and the auxiliary materials include starch and dextrin, and the mass ratio of the starch and dextrin is 1.5:1. Then, the polysaccharide powder obtained in step 4 is mixed with the auxiliary materials according to the mass ratio of 1:1.75, and an appropriate amount of 70% (V/V) ethanol is added to achieve the effect of "grip it into a group and touch it to disperse". After 16 mesh sieves, ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules were obtained. The ginseng root polysaccharide granules prepared in this example have been confirmed by experiments that the polysaccharide content reaches 22.2%, and the molding rate is 91.5%.

Example 3

A kind of ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules, prepared according to the following method:

①Ethanol impurity removal: 100g of ginseng fibrous root and 900g of Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root were soaked in ethanol with a volume fraction of 90% (V/V) for 2 hours, and heated with an electric heating mantle to keep them in a slightly boiling state at 100 °C for heating and reflux extraction. 3 times, each time using 6 times the amount of 90% (V/V) ethanol to keep it in a slightly boiling state for reflux extraction for 1.5h; recover the fibrous roots and dry them in a desiccator; prepare the ginseng fibrous roots and wheat after removal of impurities. winter fibrous root;

②Water extraction and concentration: The fibrous roots of ginseng and Ophiopogon japonicus are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:9 (w/w) after removing impurities, and distilled water is added for extraction. The total mass of ginseng fibrous root and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root and distilled water are 1:30 according to the material-to-liquid ratio (g/ml), the temperature is 80 ° C, extracted twice, and the concentrated solution is combined for 2.5 hours each time to 1/20 of the original extract volume, filter backup;

③Alcohol precipitation: add 6 times the amount of anhydrous ethanol (V/V) to the concentrate prepared in step ②, stand at 4°C for 12h, centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to collect the precipitate, and wash the precipitate with anhydrous ethanol and acetone in turn after centrifugation;

④ Freeze-drying to obtain powder: the precipitate obtained after centrifugation in step ③ is placed in a freeze-drying device, and the powder is ground after vacuum freeze-drying to obtain ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide powder.

⑤Preparation of granules: firstly, auxiliary materials are prepared, and the auxiliary materials include starch and dextrin, and the mass ratio of the starch and dextrin is 2.5:1. Then, the polysaccharide powder obtained in step 4 is mixed with the auxiliary materials according to the mass ratio of 1:1.25, and an appropriate amount of 80% (V/V) ethanol is added to achieve the effect of "grip it into a group and touch it to disperse". After 16 mesh sieves, ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules were obtained. The ginseng root polysaccharide granules prepared in this example have been confirmed by experiments that the polysaccharide content reaches 24.7%, and the molding rate is 92.4%.

Example 4

A kind of ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules, prepared according to the following method:

①Ethanol impurity removal: 100g of ginseng fibrous root and 900g of Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root were respectively soaked in 90% (V/V) ethanol for 2 hours, and then heated with an electric heating mantle to keep it in a slightly boiling state at 100 °C for heating and refluxing for 3 times, each time Use 3 times the amount of 90% (V/V) ethanol for reflux extraction for 2h; reclaim the fibrous roots and dry them in a desiccator; prepare the ginseng fibrous roots and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous roots after removing impurities;

②Water extraction and concentration: The fibrous roots of ginseng and Ophiopogon japonicus are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:9 (w/w) after removing impurities, and distilled water is added for extraction. The total mass of ginseng fibrous root and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root and distilled water are extracted twice with distilled water according to the ratio of material to liquid (g/ml) at 120°C, twice, 4h each time, and the concentrated solution is combined to 1/20 of the volume of the original extract, Filtration to prepare a concentrate for subsequent use;

③Alcohol precipitation: add 4 times the amount of anhydrous ethanol (V/V) to the concentrate prepared in step ②, stand at 4°C for 12h, centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to collect the precipitate, and wash the precipitate with anhydrous ethanol and acetone in turn. , centrifugal separation;

④ Freeze-drying to obtain powder: the precipitate obtained after centrifugation in step ③ is placed in a freeze-drying device, and the powder is ground after vacuum freeze-drying to obtain ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide powder.

⑤Preparation of granules: firstly prepare auxiliary materials, the auxiliary materials include starch and dextrin, and the weight ratio of the starch and dextrin is 2:1. Then, the polysaccharide powder obtained in step 4 is mixed with the auxiliary materials according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5, and an appropriate amount of 90% (V/V) ethanol is added to achieve the effect of "grip it into a group and touch it to disperse". After 16 mesh sieves, ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules were obtained. The ginseng root polysaccharide granules prepared in this example have been tested to confirm that the polysaccharide content of the polysaccharide granules reaches 23%, and the maximum forming rate of the granules is 84%.

It can be seen from Examples 1-4 that the extraction temperature and extraction time have the greatest influence on the yield of ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide, followed by the solvent-medicinal material ratio. The distilled water was extracted twice according to the ratio of material to liquid at 90°C, 2h each time, and the concentrated solution was combined to 1/20 of the volume of the original extract, and filtered for use; after concentration, 4 times of anhydrous ethanol ( V/V), stand at 4°C for 12h, collect the precipitate by centrifugation, wash with absolute ethanol and acetone in turn, then centrifuge, after freeze-drying, mix with the auxiliary materials at 1:1.5, and the ratio of starch and dextrin in the auxiliary materials is 2: 1; that is, according to the method of Example 1, the polysaccharide granules with the highest content can be obtained and the forming rate of the granules is the highest.

Comparative Example 1

A kind of ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules, prepared according to the following method:

①Water extraction and concentration: Mix the common commercially available medicinal materials ginseng fibrous root and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root according to the mass ratio of 1:1 (w/w), and add distilled water for extraction. The total mass of ginseng fibrous root and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root and distilled water were extracted twice, 2h each time, and the concentrated solution was combined to 1/20 of the original extract volume according to the ratio of material to liquid (g/ml) was 1:40 and the temperature was 90 °C. Filtration to prepare a concentrate for subsequent use;

②Alcohol precipitation: add 4 times the amount of anhydrous ethanol (V/V) to the concentrate prepared in step ①, stand at 4°C for 12 hours, centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to collect the precipitate, wash with anhydrous ethanol and acetone in turn, centrifugal separation;

③ Freeze-drying to obtain powder: placing the precipitate obtained after centrifugation in step ② in a freeze-drying device, and grinding it after vacuum freeze-drying to obtain ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide powder.

④Preparation of granules: firstly prepare auxiliary materials, the auxiliary materials include starch and dextrin, and the mass ratio of the starch and dextrin is 2:1. Then, the polysaccharide powder obtained in step 3 is mixed with the auxiliary materials according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5, and an appropriate amount of 90% (V/V) ethanol is added to mix evenly to achieve the effect of "grip it into a group and touch it to disperse". After passing through a 16-mesh sieve, Shenmai polysaccharide granules were obtained. The Shenmai polysaccharide granules prepared in this example have been tested and confirmed that the polysaccharide content of the polysaccharide granules reaches 27.3%, and the maximum forming rate of the granules is 93.8%.

Comparative Example 2

A kind of ginseng polysaccharide granules, prepared according to the following method:

①Water extraction and concentration: Mix common commercially available medicinal materials ginseng and Ophiopogon japonicus according to a mass ratio of 1:9 (w/w), and add distilled water for extraction. The total mass of ginseng and Ophiopogon japonicus and distilled water are 1:40 according to the material-to-liquid ratio (g/ml), the temperature is 90 ° C, extracted twice, 2 hours each time, the concentrated solution is combined to 1/20 of the original extract volume, filtered, The concentrate is prepared for use;

②Alcohol precipitation: Add 4 times the amount of anhydrous ethanol (V/V) to the concentrate prepared in step ①, let stand at 4°C for 12 hours, centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to collect the precipitate, and wash the precipitate with anhydrous ethanol and acetone in turn. , centrifugal separation;

③ Freeze-drying to obtain powder: the precipitate obtained after centrifugation in step ② is placed in a freeze-drying device, and the powder is ground after vacuum freeze-drying to obtain ginseng polysaccharide powder.

④Preparation of granules: firstly prepare auxiliary materials, the auxiliary materials include starch and dextrin, and the mass ratio of the starch and dextrin is 2:1. Then, the polysaccharide powder obtained in step 3 is mixed with the auxiliary materials according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5, and an appropriate amount of 90% (V/V) ethanol is added to mix evenly to achieve the effect of "grip it into a group and touch it to disperse". After passing through a 16-mesh sieve, Shenmai polysaccharide granules were obtained. The Shenmai polysaccharide granules prepared in this example have been tested and confirmed that the polysaccharide content of the polysaccharide granules reaches 32.5%, and the maximum forming rate of the granules is 95.7%.

As can be seen from Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2, the effect of the granules prepared by using non-traditional medicinal parts ginseng fibrous root and Ophiopogon japonicus as raw materials is slightly lower than using traditional medicinal parts ginseng root and Ophiopogon japonicus. Granules prepared from root as raw material. However, from the perspective of polysaccharide content and molding rate, the difference is not large, and the use of non-traditional medicinal parts ginseng fibrous root and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root as raw materials has low cost, which has strong economic benefits compared with expensive medicinal parts.

Test Example 1

A kind of ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules prepared by embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 and ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules obtained from comparative example 2 were applied to Roman powder shell laying hens. The following efficacy experiments were carried out on the influence of indicators and serum immune indicators:

180 480-day-old Roman powder-shell laying hens were selected and randomly divided into blank group, Shenmai fibrous root 1:1 dose comparison group, Shenmai polysaccharide comparison group, and dose group adding a kind of Shenmai fibrous root polysaccharide granules prepared in Example 1 The dosage group was divided into three dosage groups: low, medium and high according to the dosage of 0.25%, 0.5% and 1%. The blank group was fed with conventional feed, the feed standard conformed to the feed hygiene standard, and the nutritional standard was implemented in accordance with GB/T5916-2008. The control group consisted of two groups. The fibrous root granules prepared from Comparative Example 1 and the polysaccharide granules prepared from Comparative Example 2 were added respectively. The addition amount of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in the feed was 0.5%. sky.

During the feeding period, the dead number of laying hens was observed every day, and the daily egg production and weight were recorded.

After 56 days of feeding, 6 laying hens in each group were selected, the blood was collected from the subwing vein, and the necks were sacrificed. After autopsy, the slaughter index was recorded. After standing for half an hour, the blood was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to get the supernatant, which was used to determine the serum biochemical and immune indexes.

The test results in Table 1 show that after adding a kind of ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules of the present invention to the feed, the half evisceration rate and the wing rate of the low-dose group and the ginseng polysaccharide group were significantly higher than those of the blank control group (P<0.05 ), there was also a significant increase in the rate of pectoral muscle between the Shenmai polysaccharide group and the blank control group, and there was no significant difference between the middle-dose group and the high-dose group and the control group; There was no significant difference in the rate of intraperitoneal and intraperitoneal eggs among the groups, and the rate of leg muscle decreased with the increase of the dose (P>0.05). Overall, in terms of slaughter rate, there is basically no difference between the 1:1 control group and the dose group of ginseng fibrous root. Although the effect of the ginseng polysaccharide comparison group is better than other groups, overall, the effect on slaughter performance is not significant. Has little effect.

Table 2 There are extremely significant differences (P<0.01) in the Huff units between the high-dose group and the comparison group of Shenmai polysaccharide and the blank group, while there is a significant difference between the middle-dose and Shenmai fibrous root 1:1 comparison group and the blank group (P<0.05), showing an obvious dose trend; in terms of eggshell thickness, the control group of ginseng polysaccharide was significantly thicker than the blank group (P<0.05), although there was no significant difference between the dose groups (P>0.05) ), but with the increase of the added amount of ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules, the thickness of its eggshell has a tendency to increase gradually; , mainly affected by genetic factors, so there was no significant change in these aspects whether it was the dose group, the 1:1 control group of ginseng fibrous root or the ginseng polysaccharide group (P>0.05). The effect on triglyceride in eggs was significantly reduced in all other dose groups except the low dose, which had no significant difference (P<0.05). Among them, the high-dose Shenmai fibrous root group had the best effect, which was slightly lower than that of the Shenmai polysaccharide control group. Both groups were significantly lower than the blank group (P<0.01). For the cholesterol content, the low-dose group and the Shenmai polysaccharide granules control group were significantly lower than the blank group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the other groups (P>0.05). In summary, the addition of Shenmai fibrous root polysaccharide granules and Shenmai polysaccharide granules can improve the quality of eggs, increase the number of eggs laid by laying hens, improve the freshness of eggs, and reduce the lipid content in eggs. And the high dose of Shenmai fibrous root polysaccharide granules and the Shenmai polysaccharide granule group had the best effect.

Table 3 mainly shows the effect of adding Shenmai fibrous root polysaccharide granules or Shenmai polysaccharide granules on the serum biochemical indexes of laying hens, in which the total protein, globulin, globulin, globulin, globulin, total protein, globulin, globulin, total protein, globulin, globulin, total protein, globulin, total protein, globulin, globulin, total protein, globulin, globulin, total protein, globulin, globulin, total protein, globulin, globulin, total protein, globulin, globulin, globulin, glutathione, etc. The content was significantly higher than that of the blank group (P<0.05). The high-density lipoprotein content of the high-dose group and the comparison group of ginseng polysaccharide in the dose group was significantly higher than that of the blank group (P<0.05), and the low-density lipoprotein of the high-dose group was significantly lower than that of the blank group (P<0.05). <0.05), there was no significant difference among other groups; although there was no significant difference in the contents of albumin, alkaline phosphatase and triglyceride among the other groups, there was a trend of increasing with the increase of dose ( P>0.05). In general, the effect of the high-dose group of ginseng fibrous root 1% is the best.

In Table 4, the contents of IgG and IgA in the 1% high-dose group and the 0.5% Shenmai polysaccharide granule group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01), while the 0.5% medium-dose group and 0.5% Shenmai fibrous root 1: 1 The comparison group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). The IgM content of the 1% high-dose group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01), and the 0.5% medium-dose group, the 0.5% fibrous root 1:1 control group, and the 0.5% Shenmai polysaccharide granules control group were significantly higher than the blank group (P<0.05). In conclusion, adding Shenmai fibrous root granules or Shenmai polysaccharide granules can increase the serum immunoglobulin content of laying hens, and the immunoglobulin content after adding Shenmai fibrous root polysaccharide granules in the diet shows a change with the dose. increasing trend. In general, the high-dose group in the dose group had the best effect.

From the overall data in Table 1 to Table 4, the effect of adding 1% of Shenmai fibrous root polysaccharide granules and the control group of adding 0.5% of Shenmai polysaccharide granules is the best, and the difference between the two is very small. From the point of view of economic benefits, the 1% dose group of Shenmai fibrous root polysaccharide granules was the best.

Table 1 Effect of Shenmai fibrous root polysaccharide granules on slaughter performance of laying hens

Note: a means there is a significant difference between the control group and the control group (P<0.05),

b means the difference is extremely significant (P<0.01).

Table 2 Effects of ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules on egg quality and laying performance of laying hens

Note: a means there is a significant difference between the control group and the control group (P<0.05),

b means the difference is extremely significant (P<0.01).

Table 3 Effects of Shenmai fibrous root polysaccharide granules on serum biochemistry of laying hens

Note: a means there is a significant difference between the control group and the control group (P<0.05),

b means the difference is extremely significant (P<0.01).

Table 4 Effects of Shenmai fibrous root polysaccharide granules on serum immune indexes of laying hens

Note: a means there is a significant difference between the control group and the control group (P<0.05),

b means the difference is extremely significant (P<0.01).

Test Example 2

A kind of ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules prepared by Example 1 was used for feeding mice, and a total of 50 Kunming mice of 4-6 weeks old 18-22g, half male and half male, were randomly divided into 5 groups, each group of 10 mouse. Divided into blank control group, cyclophosphamide + normal saline group, cyclophosphamide + Shenmai fibrous root polysaccharide granules 0.25% dose group, cyclophosphamide + Shenmai fibrous root polysaccharide granules 0.5% dose, cyclophosphamide + Shenmai fibrous root polysaccharide 1 % dose group. The blank control group was injected with normal saline intraperitoneally, and the other groups were injected with cyclophosphamide at a dose of 60 mg/kg/d for 3 consecutive days, resulting in a hypoimmune model. Fluffy falling off is regarded as successful modeling. After the model was established, Shenmai fibrous root polysaccharide granules were fed for 7 days according to the above dosage regimen to observe its effect on the immune function of the immunocompromised model mice.

At the end of the experiment, the eyeballs of all mice were collected and left standing for 30 minutes, and then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain the upper serum to determine the content of IgG and inflammatory factors. After blood collection, the mice were autopsied to record the immune organ index.

The results in Table 5 show that after using cyclophosphamide to create an immunocompromised model, the spleen index of the model group was significantly different from that of all groups (P<0.05), and the spleen index of the blank group was the highest. The fibrous root polysaccharide granule group showed a trend of increasing the spleen index with the increase of the dose. For the thymus index, it may be because the thymus is relatively small, so there is no significant difference between all groups (P>0.05), but it can be seen that the thymus index of the model group is the lowest, the blank group is the highest, and the dose groups are the highest. Showing a certain dose-dependence, adding ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide can improve the immune organ quality of immunocompromised mice and enhance immunity.

The results in Table 6 show that the content of immunoglobulin IgG and IL-2 in the serum of the Shenmai fibrous root polysaccharide particles in the middle and high dose groups and the blank group were significantly higher than those in the model group (P<0.05). The serum IL-10 content of high-dose group and blank group was significantly higher than that of blank group (P<0.05). The content of IFN-γ in the serum of the low-dose group was significantly higher than that of the model group (P<0.05), and the serum IFN-γ of the blank group was significantly higher than that of the model group (P<0.01). A trend of decreasing with increasing dose group. Overall. Adding the polysaccharide of Shenmai fibrous root granules can increase the content of immunoglobulin in immunocompromised mice, and at the same time, it can also increase the content of anti-inflammatory factors in serum.

Table 5 Effects of Shenmai fibrous root polysaccharide granules on the index of immune organs in mice

Note: a means there is a significant difference between the control group and the control group (P<0.05),

b means the difference is extremely significant (P<0.01).

Table 6 Effects of Shenmai Root Polysaccharide Granules on serum immune indexes and inflammatory factors in mice

Note: a means there is a significant difference between the control group and the control group (P<0.05),

b means the difference is extremely significant (P<0.01).

Test Example 3

A kind of ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules prepared in Example 1 was used for feeding New Zealand young rabbits. A total of 160 35d±2 weaned New Zealand meat rabbits were selected, and 40 young rabbits were selected for each treatment, with an average weight of 0.80±0.052kg. It was divided into 3 treatment groups and a blank control group. The three treatment groups were supplemented with 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% polysaccharide granules of Shenmai fibrous root, respectively, and fed for 14 days to evaluate the effect of Shenmai fibrous root granules on weaning. Effects of diarrhea in pups and effects on production performance and immune function of pups. During the feeding period, the piglets were weighed once a week, and the diarrhea of the pups was recorded every day.

On the day of the end of the experiment, 6 young rabbits were randomly selected from each treatment and weighed, 5 mL of blood was collected from the heart and slaughtered immediately, the weights of thymus, spleen, and small sac were recorded, and the immune organ index was recorded. Clear and save for backup. In addition, the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen, and the content of sIgA in them was determined by homogenization in the later stage.

It can be seen from Table 7 that the feed intake and feed-to-weight ratio of the 1% dose group were significantly higher than those of the blank control group after the addition of Shenmai fibrous root pellets to the diet of the young rabbits, although there was no significant difference between the 0.25% and 0.5% dose groups. There were differences in sex, but there were also different degrees of improvement (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in feed intake (P>0.05). Then, for the diarrhea rate and mortality, the middle and high dose groups had different degrees of reduction, suggesting that Shenmai fibrous root polysaccharide granules could reduce the diarrhea rate and mortality of weaned rabbits, thereby improving the growth performance of the rabbits.

It can be seen in Table 8 that the spleen index of the 1% dose group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the rest of the dose groups had no significant difference. There was no significant difference between the thymus and round sac of each dose group (P>0.05), but each group after adding Shenmai fibrous root granules had different degrees of improvement.

From the results of serum biochemical indicators in Table 9, after adding the ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules, for TC and TG, all groups were significantly reduced compared with the blank control group, indicating that adding the granules can significantly reduce body fat. The state of deposition (P<0.05). The increase of TP and the decrease of BUN in serum represent higher absorption of protein. After adding Shenmai fibrous root granules, the value of TP increased and the value of BUN decreased, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). GLO side reflects the immune function level of the body. It can be seen that compared with the 1% dose group and the control group, there is a significant increase but no significant difference (P<0.05). GLU reflects the energy level of the body; ALB acts as a carrier of nutrients and maintains the osmotic pressure of plasma; ALP can promote the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and participate in the transfer of phosphate groups, which to a certain extent can reflect the strong absorption function of the small intestine of animals Weak, there was no significant difference between the above indicators and the blank control group (P>0.05). The reason for the lack of significant differences in the serum indicators except TC and TG may be because the selected and sampled pups have roughly the same weight and are all healthy and have similar nutritional levels. In general, adding 1% ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide had the best effect on the results of serum biochemical indexes.

The results of measuring inflammatory factors in serum from Table 10 show that the 0.5% and 1% drug dose groups have significantly lower levels of pro-inflammatory factor IL-6 than the blank group (P<0.05). The level of pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α in the 1% dose group was significantly lower than that in the blank group (P<0.05). There was no significant change in the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, but there was a trend of increasing with increasing dose (P>0.05). The content of SIgA measured in the three small intestines respectively reflects the immune function of the intestine. The SIgA content of the 1% dose group added to the duodenum and ileum after the addition of Shenmai fibrous root polysaccharide granules can be obtained from the table. Significantly higher than the blank group (P<0.05). The SIgA content of 0.5% ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules in the jejunum was significantly higher than that of the blank group (P<0.05), and the SIgA content of the 1% dose group was significantly higher than that of the blank group (P<0.01). The results suggest that the synthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors can be significantly reduced after adding Shenmai Xugen granules, but the effect of anti-inflammatory factors is relatively weak. At the same time, it can significantly increase the content of SIgA in the small intestine of 3 segments and enhance the intestinal mucosal immunity of rabbits.

Table 7 Effects of Shenmai fibrous root polysaccharide granules on growth performance and diarrhea rate of young rabbits

Note: a means there is a significant difference between the control group and the control group (P<0.05),

b means the difference is extremely significant (P<0.01).

Table 8 Effects of Shenmai fibrous root polysaccharide granules on the immune organ index of young rabbits

Note: a means there is a significant difference between the control group and the control group (P<0.05),

b means the difference is extremely significant (P<0.01).

Table 9 Effects of Shenmai fibrous root polysaccharide granules on serum biochemical indexes of young rabbits

Table 10 Effects of Shenmai fibrous root polysaccharide granules on serum inflammatory factors and intestinal immune indexes of young rabbits

The foregoing specification shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, but as previously mentioned, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein and should not be construed as an exclusion of other embodiments, but may be used in a variety of other Combinations, modifications and environments are possible within the scope of the inventive concepts described herein, from the above teachings or from skill or knowledge in the relevant fields. However, modifications and changes made by those skilled in the art do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention, and should all fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. a preparation method of ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: ① The fibrous root of ginseng and the fibrous root of Ophiopogon japonicus are respectively added to ethanol for impregnation, then heated and refluxed for extraction, after the fibrous root is recovered, and dried to prepare the fibrous root of ginseng and the fibrous root of Ophiopogon japonicus after removing impurities; 2. Mix the removed ginseng fibrous root and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root, add distilled water for extraction, and extract twice; the combined extract is concentrated to 1/20 volume, filtered to obtain a concentrate, which is for subsequent use; 3. Add absolute ethanol to the concentrate prepared in step 2., let stand, and collect the precipitate by centrifugation. The precipitate is washed with absolute ethanol and acetone in turn, and then centrifuged; ④Place the precipitate in a freeze-drying device, grind it into powder after vacuum freeze-drying, and obtain ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide powder; ⑤ Mix the polysaccharide powder obtained in step ④ with auxiliary materials, add ethanol with a concentration of 70-90%, mix evenly into granules, and sieve. 2. the preparation method of a kind of ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 1. in, ginseng fibrous root and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root are respectively refluxed and extracted 3 times, and each reflux extraction time is 1.5h -2.5h, the concentration of ethanol in the step ① is 70%-90%. 3. the preparation method of a kind of ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the mass ratio of the ginseng fibrous root in described step 2. and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root is 1:1-1:9(w /w). 4. the preparation method of a kind of ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 2. in the gross mass of ginseng fibrous root and Ophiopogon japonicus fibrous root and the solid-liquid ratio of distilled water (g/ ml) is 1:20-1:40; the water extraction temperature is 80-100 °C, and each water extraction time is 1.5-2.5 h. 5. the preparation method of a kind of ginseng root polysaccharide granules according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the volume ratio of the concentrate in described step 3. and dehydrated alcohol is 1:2-1:6. 6. the preparation method of a kind of ginseng root polysaccharide granules according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the auxiliary material described in step 5. comprises starch and dextrin, and the mass ratio of described starch and dextrin is 1.5-2.5 :1. 7. the preparation method of a kind of ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the mass ratio of polysaccharide powder and auxiliary material in step ⑤ is 1:1.25-1.75. 8. A ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granule prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-7. 9. A kind of application of the polysaccharide granules of ginseng and fibrous roots according to claim 8 in preparing feed for laying hens and meat rabbits. 10. according to claim 9 application, it is characterized in that the addition amount of described ginseng fibrous root polysaccharide granules in described laying hen and meat rabbit feed is 1%.