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CN114662338A - A construction site vehicle jam monitoring system and method - Google Patents

A construction site vehicle jam monitoring system and method Download PDF

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CN114662338A
CN114662338A CN202210422183.0A CN202210422183A CN114662338A CN 114662338 A CN114662338 A CN 114662338A CN 202210422183 A CN202210422183 A CN 202210422183A CN 114662338 A CN114662338 A CN 114662338A
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刘洋宇
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Shenzhen Power Supply Bureau Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a construction site vehicle jam monitoring system and a construction site vehicle jam monitoring method, wherein the system comprises a transportation path determining module, a monitoring module and a monitoring module, wherein the transportation path determining module is used for receiving transportation tasks containing transportation information uploaded by each construction site in real time and determining a transportation path according to the transportation information; the jam probability determination module is used for determining sampling points and jam probabilities at the sampling points according to the transportation path; the image data classification module is used for acquiring image data at a sampling point at fixed time; and the fluctuation analysis module is used for carrying out content identification and fluctuation analysis on the image data to determine the blocking condition. The method obtains the transportation tasks of each construction site, plans the path through the map model, theoretically analyzes the planned path, determines the sampling point with higher jam probability, obtains the corresponding image data, further judges the actual jam condition, has extremely high utilization rate of the calculation resources and is convenient to use.

Description

一种工地车辆堵塞监测系统及方法A construction site vehicle jam monitoring system and method

技术领域technical field

本发明属于车辆监测技术领域,具体涉及一种工地车辆堵塞监测系统及方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of vehicle monitoring, and in particular relates to a system and method for monitoring vehicle congestion on a construction site.

背景技术Background technique

随着我国城市化进程加快,越来越多的工地出现在城市各个角落。不管是运输建筑材料或是淤泥渣土,大量的施工车辆需要频繁进出各个工地。工地外连接着城市道路,在当前城市交通日趋拥堵的情况下,如果再叠加进出工地的施工车辆,无疑将加剧堵塞。如何对进出工地的施工车辆进行监测,以便于判断堵塞情况、规划运输路径,目前尚没有解决方案。With the acceleration of urbanization in my country, more and more construction sites appear in every corner of the city. Whether it is transporting building materials or silt and slag, a large number of construction vehicles need to frequently enter and leave each construction site. Outside the construction site is connected to urban roads. Under the current situation of increasingly congested urban traffic, if the construction vehicles entering and leaving the construction site are superimposed, the congestion will undoubtedly be aggravated. There is no solution for how to monitor the construction vehicles entering and leaving the construction site, so as to judge the congestion situation and plan the transportation route.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,提供一种工地车辆堵塞监测系统及方法,以便于判断堵塞情况和规划运输路径。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a construction site vehicle congestion monitoring system and method, so as to facilitate the judgment of the congestion situation and the planning of the transportation route.

为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种工地车辆堵塞监测系统,包括:In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a construction site vehicle congestion monitoring system, comprising:

运输路径确定模块,用于实时接收各工地上传的含有运输信息的运输任务,根据所述运输信息确定运输路径;其中,所述运输信息包括运输终点和运输时间;A transportation route determination module, configured to receive in real time the transportation tasks containing transportation information uploaded by each construction site, and determine the transportation route according to the transportation information; wherein, the transportation information includes transportation destination and transportation time;

堵塞概率确定模块,用于根据所述运输路径确定采样点及采样点处的堵塞概率;a blockage probability determination module, configured to determine the sampling point and the blockage probability at the sampling point according to the transport path;

图像数据分类模块,用于定时获取采样点处的图像数据,根据所述堵塞概率对各图像数据进行分类;其中,所述图像数据含有采样点标签和时间信息;an image data classification module, used for regularly acquiring image data at sampling points, and classifying each image data according to the blocking probability; wherein, the image data contains sampling point labels and time information;

波动分析模块,用于对所述图像数据进行内容识别,根据内容识别结果截取预设时间范围内的图像数据流,对所述图像数据流进行波动分析,确定堵塞情况。The fluctuation analysis module is used for performing content recognition on the image data, intercepting the image data stream within a preset time range according to the content recognition result, and performing fluctuation analysis on the image data stream to determine the congestion situation.

进一步地,所述运输路径确定模块包括:Further, the transport route determination module includes:

标识点生成单元,用于获取各工地的位置数据,根据所述位置数据生成标识点;an identification point generation unit, used for acquiring the position data of each construction site, and generating identification points according to the position data;

标识点插入单元,用于将所述标识点插入预设的区域模型中,得到含有标识点的区域模型;其中,所述标识点为具有半径的圆点,所述半径与工地规模相关;An identification point insertion unit, used for inserting the identification point into a preset area model to obtain an area model containing the identification point; wherein, the identification point is a circle point with a radius, and the radius is related to the scale of the construction site;

通行网络获取单元,用于建立与城建数据库的连接通道,根据所述区域模型确定比例尺,根据所述比例尺在所述城建数据库中获取通行网络;a traffic network acquisition unit, configured to establish a connection channel with an urban construction database, determine a scale according to the regional model, and obtain a traffic network in the urban construction database according to the scale;

路径分析单元,用于将所述通行网络插入所述区域模型,实时接收各工地上传的含有运输终点的运输任务,根据所述工地的位置数据和运输终点在含有通行网络的区域模型中确定运输路径。The path analysis unit is used for inserting the traffic network into the area model, receiving in real time the transportation tasks including the transportation end point uploaded by each construction site, and determining the transportation in the area model containing the transportation network according to the location data of the construction site and the transportation end point path.

进一步地,所述路径分析单元包括:Further, the path analysis unit includes:

优先级计算子单元,用于获取运输终点和工地对应的标识点的半径和,根据所述半径和确定运输任务的优先级;The priority calculation subunit is used to obtain the radius sum of the identification points corresponding to the transportation end point and the construction site, and determine the priority of the transportation task according to the radius sum;

分类子单元,用于根据所述运输时间对所述运输任务进行分类,得到以时间段为索引的运输任务;A classification subunit, configured to classify the transportation tasks according to the transportation time, and obtain the transportation tasks indexed by the time period;

第一执行子单元,用于在以时间段为索引的运输任务中提取优先级达到预设阈值的运输任务,根据该运输任务确定最优运输路径;其中,所述最优运输路径的运输距离最短;The first execution sub-unit is used to extract the transportation task whose priority reaches a preset threshold from the transportation tasks indexed by the time period, and determine the optimal transportation route according to the transportation task; wherein, the transportation distance of the optimal transportation route the shortest;

第二执行子单元,用于根据以时间段为索引的运输任务中的其他任务确定运输路径。The second execution sub-unit is configured to determine the transportation route according to other tasks in the transportation tasks indexed by the time period.

进一步地,所述堵塞概率确定模块包括:Further, the blockage probability determination module includes:

拥挤级别确定单元,用于提取不同时间段的运输任务,获取该时间段的历史车流量数据,确定拥挤级别;The congestion level determination unit is used to extract the transportation tasks in different time periods, obtain the historical traffic flow data of the time period, and determine the congestion level;

交叉点分析单元,用于获取同一时间段内运输路径的交叉点及其交叉路径数;The intersection analysis unit is used to obtain the intersections of the transportation routes and the number of intersections in the same time period;

概率计算单元,用于将所述拥挤级别和所述交叉路径数输入训练好的经验公式中,计算交叉点的堵塞概率;A probability calculation unit, for inputting the congestion level and the number of crossing paths into the trained empirical formula, and calculating the congestion probability of the intersection;

采样点标记单元,用于将所述堵塞概率与预设的概率阈值进行比对,当所述堵塞概率达到预设的概率阈值时,将该交叉点标记为采样点。A sampling point marking unit, configured to compare the blocking probability with a preset probability threshold, and when the blocking probability reaches the preset probability threshold, mark the intersection as a sampling point.

进一步地,所述波动分析模块包括:Further, the fluctuation analysis module includes:

相邻图像获取单元,用于根据所述图像数据中的时间信息获取相邻图像数据;an adjacent image acquisition unit, configured to acquire adjacent image data according to time information in the image data;

逻辑运算单元,用于对所述相邻图像数据进行逻辑运算,确定图像数据中的动态轮廓和背景轮廓;a logic operation unit for performing logic operation on the adjacent image data to determine the dynamic contour and the background contour in the image data;

速度计算单元,用于确定所述动态轮廓的中心点,计算中心点的偏移距离,根据所述偏移距离计算动态轮廓的运动速度;a speed calculation unit, configured to determine the center point of the dynamic contour, calculate the offset distance of the center point, and calculate the motion speed of the dynamic contour according to the offset distance;

价值分计算单元,用于计算所述动态轮廓的数量,将所述运动速度和数量输入训练好的分析模型,得到价值分;A value point calculation unit, for calculating the quantity of the dynamic profile, inputting the movement speed and the quantity into the trained analytical model to obtain a value point;

数据流截取单元,用于将所述价值分与预设的分数阈值进行比对,当所述价值达到预设的分数阈值时,基于所述运输时间截取预设时间范围内的图像数据流。A data stream interception unit, configured to compare the value score with a preset score threshold, and intercept the image data stream within a preset time range based on the transit time when the value reaches the preset score threshold.

进一步地,所述波动分析模块还包括:Further, the fluctuation analysis module also includes:

色值转换单元,用于根据预设的转换公式对所述图像数据流进行色值转换,得到特征图像流;a color value conversion unit, configured to perform color value conversion on the image data stream according to a preset conversion formula to obtain a characteristic image stream;

特征值组生成单元,用于计算特征图像流中各特征图像的特征值,生成特征值组;A feature value group generation unit, used to calculate the feature value of each feature image in the feature image stream, and generate a feature value group;

统计分析单元,用于对所述特征值组进行统计学分析,确定堵塞情况。A statistical analysis unit, configured to perform statistical analysis on the feature value group to determine the blockage situation.

本发明还提供一种工地车辆堵塞监测方法,包括:The present invention also provides a method for monitoring vehicle congestion on a construction site, comprising:

实时接收各工地上传的含有运输信息的运输任务,根据所述运输信息确定运输路径;其中,所述运输信息包括运输终点和运输时间;Receive in real time the transportation tasks containing transportation information uploaded by each construction site, and determine the transportation route according to the transportation information; wherein, the transportation information includes transportation destination and transportation time;

根据所述运输路径确定采样点及采样点处的堵塞概率;determine the sampling point and the blocking probability at the sampling point according to the transport path;

定时获取采样点处的图像数据,根据所述堵塞概率对各图像数据进行分类;其中,所述图像数据含有采样点标签和时间信息;Acquire image data at sampling points regularly, and classify each image data according to the blocking probability; wherein, the image data contains sampling point labels and time information;

对所述图像数据进行内容识别,根据内容识别结果截取预设时间范围内的图像数据流,对所述图像数据流进行波动分析,确定堵塞情况。Perform content recognition on the image data, intercept an image data stream within a preset time range according to the content recognition result, and perform a fluctuation analysis on the image data stream to determine a congestion situation.

进一步地,所述实时接收各工地上传的含有运输信息的运输任务,根据所述运输信息确定运输路径包括:Further, receiving the transportation tasks containing transportation information uploaded by each construction site in real time, and determining the transportation route according to the transportation information includes:

获取各工地的位置数据,根据所述位置数据生成标识点;Obtain the location data of each construction site, and generate identification points according to the location data;

将所述标识点插入预设的区域模型中,得到含有标识点的区域模型;其中,所述标识点为具有半径的圆点,所述半径与工地规模相关;Inserting the identification point into a preset area model to obtain an area model containing the identification point; wherein, the identification point is a dot with a radius, and the radius is related to the scale of the construction site;

建立与城建数据库的连接通道,根据所述区域模型确定比例尺,根据所述比例尺在所述城建数据库中获取通行网络;establishing a connection channel with the urban construction database, determining a scale according to the regional model, and obtaining a traffic network in the urban construction database according to the scale;

将所述通行网络插入所述区域模型,实时接收各工地上传的含有运输终点的运输任务,根据所述工地的位置数据和运输终点在含有通行网络的区域模型中确定运输路径。Insert the traffic network into the area model, receive in real time the transportation tasks including the transportation end point uploaded by each construction site, and determine the transportation route in the area model including the transportation network according to the location data of the construction site and the transportation end point.

进一步地,所述实时接收各工地上传的含有运输终点的运输任务,根据所述工地的位置数据和运输终点在含有通行网络的区域模型中确定运输路径的步骤包括:Further, the described real-time receiving of the transport task containing the transport end point uploaded by each construction site, the step of determining the transport path in the area model containing the traffic network according to the position data of the construction site and the transport end point includes:

获取运输终点和工地对应的标识点的半径和,根据所述半径和确定运输任务的优先级;Obtain the radius sum of the identification points corresponding to the transportation end point and the construction site, and determine the priority of the transportation task according to the radius sum;

根据所述运输时间对所述运输任务进行分类,得到以时间段为索引的运输任务;Classify the transportation tasks according to the transportation time, and obtain transportation tasks indexed by the time period;

在以时间段为索引的运输任务中提取优先级达到预设阈值的运输任务,根据该运输任务确定最优运输路径;其中,所述最优运输路径的运输距离最短;Extracting a transportation task whose priority reaches a preset threshold from the transportation tasks indexed by the time period, and determining an optimal transportation route according to the transportation task; wherein, the transportation distance of the optimal transportation route is the shortest;

根据以时间段为索引的运输任务中的其他任务确定运输路径。Transport routes are determined based on other tasks in the transport tasks indexed by time period.

进一步地,所述根据所述运输路径确定采样点及采样点处的堵塞概率的步骤包括:Further, the step of determining the sampling point and the blocking probability at the sampling point according to the transport path includes:

提取不同时间段的运输任务,获取该时间段的历史车流量数据,确定拥挤级别;Extract the transportation tasks in different time periods, obtain the historical traffic flow data of the time period, and determine the congestion level;

获取同一时间段内运输路径的交叉点及其交叉路径数;Get the intersections of transportation routes and the number of intersections in the same time period;

将所述拥挤级别和所述交叉路径数输入训练好的经验公式中,计算交叉点的堵塞概率;The congestion level and the number of crossing paths are input into the trained empirical formula, and the congestion probability of the crossing point is calculated;

将所述堵塞概率与预设的概率阈值进行比对,当所述堵塞概率达到预设的概率阈值时,将该交叉点标记为采样点。The blocking probability is compared with a preset probability threshold, and when the blocking probability reaches the preset probability threshold, the intersection is marked as a sampling point.

实施本发明具有如下有益效果:本发明获取各个施工场地的运输任务,通过地图模型进行路径规划,对规划后的路径进行理论分析,确定堵塞概率较高的采样点,获取相应的图像数据,进而判断实际堵塞情况,计算资源的利用率极高,便于使用。Implementing the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention obtains the transportation tasks of each construction site, carries out path planning through a map model, carries out theoretical analysis on the planned path, determines sampling points with higher blocking probability, obtains corresponding image data, and then Judging the actual congestion situation, the utilization rate of computing resources is extremely high, which is easy to use.

附图说明Description of drawings

为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

图1为本发明实施例一一种工地车辆堵塞监测系统的组成结构框图。FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of a construction site vehicle congestion monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

图2为本发明实施例一中运输路径确定模块的组成结构框图。FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of a transport route determination module in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

图3为本发明实施例一中堵塞概率确定模块的组成结构框图。FIG. 3 is a structural block diagram of a blockage probability determination module in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

图4为本发明实施例一中波动分析模块的第一组成结构框图。FIG. 4 is a first structural block diagram of the fluctuation analysis module in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

图5为基于区块链的智慧工地车辆堵塞监测系统中波动分析模块的第二组成结构框图。Fig. 5 is a second structural block diagram of the fluctuation analysis module in the block chain-based intelligent construction site vehicle congestion monitoring system.

图6为本发明实施例二一种工地车辆堵塞监测方法的流程示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a method for monitoring vehicle congestion on a construction site according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下各实施例的说明是参考附图,用以示例本发明可以用以实施的特定实施例。The following descriptions of the various embodiments refer to the accompanying drawings to illustrate specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced.

请参照图1所示,本发明实施例一提供一种工地车辆堵塞监测系统10,包括:Referring to FIG. 1, Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a construction site vehicle congestion monitoring system 10, including:

运输路径确定模块11,用于实时接收各工地上传的含有运输信息的运输任务,根据所述运输信息确定运输路径;其中,所述运输信息包括运输终点和运输时间;The transportation route determination module 11 is used to receive in real time the transportation tasks containing transportation information uploaded by each construction site, and determine the transportation route according to the transportation information; wherein, the transportation information includes transportation destination and transportation time;

堵塞概率确定模块12,用于根据所述运输路径确定采样点及采样点处的堵塞概率;a blockage probability determination module 12, configured to determine the sampling point and the blockage probability at the sampling point according to the transport path;

图像数据分类模块13,用于定时获取采样点处的图像数据,根据所述堵塞概率对各图像数据进行分类;其中,所述图像数据含有采样点标签和时间信息;The image data classification module 13 is used for regularly acquiring image data at the sampling point, and classifying each image data according to the blocking probability; wherein, the image data contains the sampling point label and time information;

波动分析模块14,用于对所述图像数据进行内容识别,根据内容识别结果截取预设时间范围内的图像数据流,对所述图像数据流进行波动分析,确定堵塞情况。The fluctuation analysis module 14 is configured to perform content recognition on the image data, intercept the image data stream within a preset time range according to the content recognition result, and perform a fluctuation analysis on the image data stream to determine the congestion situation.

需要说明的是,对于一个工地来说,其内部通常不存在车辆堵塞问题,真正的车辆堵塞问题发生在施工场地的影响范围内,具体地,就是与工地相关的物流数据会导致工地涉及的道路上发生堵塞现象。It should be noted that, for a construction site, there is usually no vehicle congestion problem inside the construction site. The real vehicle congestion problem occurs within the influence scope of the construction site. Specifically, the logistics data related to the construction site will cause the roads involved in the construction site Blockage occurs.

首先,在一个区域内,往往有很多施工场地同时施工,这些施工场地的运输任务是不同的,根据这些运输任务可以确定运输路径,其中,运输信息包括运输时间,相应的,运输路径也含有时间信息。First, in an area, there are often many construction sites under construction at the same time. The transportation tasks of these construction sites are different. According to these transportation tasks, the transportation route can be determined. The transportation information includes the transportation time. Correspondingly, the transportation route also contains the time. information.

图2为运输路径确定模块11的组成结构框图,所述运输路径确定模块11包括:FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the composition structure of the transportation route determination module 11, and the transportation route determination module 11 includes:

标识点生成单元111,用于获取各工地的位置数据,根据所述位置数据生成标识点;The identification point generation unit 111 is used to obtain the position data of each construction site, and generate identification points according to the position data;

标识点插入单元112,用于将所述标识点插入预设的区域模型中,得到含有标识点的区域模型;其中,所述标识点为具有半径的圆点,所述半径与工地规模相关;The identification point insertion unit 112 is used to insert the identification point into a preset area model to obtain an area model containing the identification point; wherein, the identification point is a circle point with a radius, and the radius is related to the scale of the construction site;

通行网络获取单元113,用于建立与城建数据库的连接通道,根据所述区域模型确定比例尺,根据所述比例尺在所述城建数据库中获取通行网络;Access network acquisition unit 113, configured to establish a connection channel with an urban construction database, determine a scale according to the regional model, and obtain a traffic network from the urban construction database according to the scale;

路径分析单元114,用于将所述通行网络插入所述区域模型,实时接收各工地上传的含有运输终点的运输任务,根据所述工地的位置数据和运输终点在含有通行网络的区域模型中确定运输路径。The path analysis unit 114 is configured to insert the traffic network into the area model, receive in real time the transportation tasks including the transportation end point uploaded by each construction site, and determine in the area model containing the transportation network according to the location data of the construction site and the transportation end point transport path.

上述内容提供了一种具体的运输路径确定方案,首先,生成一张与待检区域匹配的地图,在所述地图中通过标识点来代表各施工场地,标识点是具有大小的圆,标识点越大,对应施工场地的规模越大;在地图中可以通过预设的算法确定运输路径,进而基于运输路径对堵塞情况进行分析。The above content provides a specific solution for determining the transportation route. First, a map matching the area to be inspected is generated. In the map, each construction site is represented by an identification point. The identification point is a circle with a size. The larger the scale, the larger the scale of the corresponding construction site; the transport route can be determined by a preset algorithm in the map, and then the congestion situation can be analyzed based on the transport route.

需要说明的是,运输路径中含有时间信息,不同时间段的运输路径不会互相影响而造成堵塞的情况。It should be noted that the transportation route contains time information, and transportation routes in different time periods will not affect each other and cause congestion.

在本发明的一个实例中,对路径分析单元114进行了限定,所述路径分析单元114包括:In an example of the present invention, the path analysis unit 114 is defined, and the path analysis unit 114 includes:

优先级计算子单元,用于获取运输终点和工地对应的标识点的半径和,根据所述半径和确定运输任务的优先级;The priority calculation subunit is used to obtain the radius sum of the identification points corresponding to the transportation end point and the construction site, and determine the priority of the transportation task according to the radius sum;

分类子单元,用于根据所述运输时间对所述运输任务进行分类,得到以时间段为索引的运输任务;A classification subunit, configured to classify the transportation tasks according to the transportation time, and obtain the transportation tasks indexed by the time period;

第一执行子单元,用于在以时间段为索引的运输任务中提取优先级达到预设阈值的运输任务,根据该运输任务确定最优运输路径;其中,所述最优运输路径的运输距离最短;The first execution sub-unit is used to extract the transportation task whose priority reaches a preset threshold from the transportation tasks indexed by the time period, and determine the optimal transportation route according to the transportation task; wherein, the transportation distance of the optimal transportation route the shortest;

第二执行子单元,用于根据以时间段为索引的运输任务中的其他任务确定运输路径。The second execution sub-unit is configured to determine the transportation route according to other tasks in the transportation tasks indexed by the time period.

对于路径分析过程来说,不同运输任务是有优先级的,由于一些大型的施工场地的运输任务较多,容易导致堵塞情况,因此,在路径确定的过程中,尽量的保证大型施工场地的运输距离是短的。For the path analysis process, different transportation tasks have priorities. Because some large construction sites have many transportation tasks, it is easy to cause congestion. Therefore, in the process of path determination, try to ensure the transportation of large construction sites as much as possible. The distance is short.

当然,运输距离与运输时间并不是一个概念,运输距离短,很有可能是堵塞情况是最严重的,相反,运输距离稍微远一些的小型施工场地,其运输时间更短。Of course, transportation distance and transportation time are not the same concept. If the transportation distance is short, it is very likely that the congestion is the most serious. On the contrary, the transportation time of a small construction site with a slightly longer transportation distance is shorter.

图3为堵塞概率确定模块12的组成结构框图,所述堵塞概率确定模块12包括:FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the composition structure of the blockage probability determination module 12, and the blockage probability determination module 12 includes:

拥挤级别确定单元121,用于提取不同时间段的运输任务,获取该时间段的历史车流量数据,确定拥挤级别;The congestion level determination unit 121 is used to extract transportation tasks in different time periods, obtain historical traffic flow data of the time period, and determine the congestion level;

交叉点分析单元122,用于获取同一时间段内运输路径的交叉点及其交叉路径数;The intersection analysis unit 122 is used to obtain the intersections of the transportation routes and the number of intersections in the same time period;

概率计算单元123,用于将所述拥挤级别和所述交叉路径数输入训练好的经验公式中,计算交叉点的堵塞概率;The probability calculation unit 123 is used to input the congestion level and the number of intersection paths into the trained empirical formula, and calculate the congestion probability of the intersection;

采样点标记单元124,用于将所述堵塞概率与预设的概率阈值进行比对,当所述堵塞概率达到预设的概率阈值时,将该交叉点标记为采样点。The sampling point marking unit 124 is configured to compare the blocking probability with a preset probability threshold, and when the blocking probability reaches the preset probability threshold, mark the intersection as a sampling point.

运输路径的交叉点处发生堵塞情况的概率很高,因此,需要对交叉点处进行考虑,如果交叉点处是流畅的,那么对于行驶路段中的堵塞情况,只需要接收运输工作人员的反馈即可。The probability of congestion at the intersection of the transportation route is very high. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the intersection. If the intersection is smooth, then for the congestion in the driving section, it is only necessary to receive feedback from the transportation staff. Can.

拥挤级别和交叉路径数是堵塞概率的两个因变量,拥挤级别越高,堵塞概率越高,交叉路径数越多,堵塞概率越高。The congestion level and the number of cross paths are the two dependent variables of the congestion probability. The higher the congestion level, the higher the congestion probability, and the greater the number of cross paths, the higher the congestion probability.

图像数据分类模块13和波动分析模块14是具体的执行模块,用于确定采样点,并对采样点进行进一步的分析,确定具体的堵塞情况。The image data classification module 13 and the fluctuation analysis module 14 are specific execution modules used to determine the sampling points, and further analyze the sampling points to determine the specific congestion situation.

图4为波动分析模块14的第一组成结构框图,所述波动分析模块14包括:FIG. 4 is a first structural block diagram of the fluctuation analysis module 14, and the fluctuation analysis module 14 includes:

相邻图像获取单元141,用于根据所述图像数据中的时间信息获取相邻图像数据;an adjacent image acquisition unit 141, configured to acquire adjacent image data according to the time information in the image data;

逻辑运算单元142,用于对所述相邻图像数据进行逻辑运算,确定图像数据中的动态轮廓和背景轮廓;a logical operation unit 142, configured to perform logical operations on the adjacent image data to determine the dynamic contour and the background contour in the image data;

速度计算单元143,用于确定所述动态轮廓的中心点,计算中心点的偏移距离,根据所述偏移距离计算动态轮廓的运动速度;a speed calculation unit 143, configured to determine the center point of the dynamic contour, calculate the offset distance of the center point, and calculate the motion speed of the dynamic contour according to the offset distance;

价值分计算单元144,用于计算所述动态轮廓的数量,将所述运动速度和数量输入训练好的分析模型,得到价值分;The value point calculation unit 144 is used to calculate the quantity of the dynamic profile, and the movement speed and quantity are input into the trained analytical model to obtain the value point;

数据流截取单元145,用于将所述价值分与预设的分数阈值进行比对,当所述价值达到预设的分数阈值时,基于所述运输时间截取预设时间范围内的图像数据流。The data stream interception unit 145 is configured to compare the value score with a preset score threshold, and when the value reaches the preset score threshold, intercept the image data stream within a preset time range based on the transit time .

波动分析模块14共有两个部分,一是轮廓识别,二是波动分析,对于轮廓识别的过程,首先获取相邻的几张图像,对这些图像进行逻辑运算,确定动态区域和静态区域,其中,静态区域视为背景轮廓;对于动态区域来说,它代表着行动的车辆,车辆的速度与数量均可以由动态轮廓分析得出。The wave analysis module 14 has two parts, one is contour recognition, and the other is wave analysis. For the process of contour recognition, first obtain several adjacent images, perform logical operations on these images, and determine the dynamic area and the static area, among which, The static area is regarded as the background contour; for the dynamic area, it represents the moving vehicle, and the speed and number of the vehicle can be obtained from the dynamic contour analysis.

运动速度和数量反映着路段的真实情况,将这两个参数输入分析模型,可以得到价值分,价值分达到一定程度时,就说明该区域可能发生了堵塞,因此,获取一定时间范围内的图像数据流,可以对该区域进行动态分析,进一步判断堵塞情况。The movement speed and number reflect the real situation of the road section. Input these two parameters into the analysis model, and you can get the value score. When the value score reaches a certain level, it means that the area may be blocked. Therefore, obtain images within a certain time range. The data flow can be dynamically analyzed in this area to further judge the congestion.

图5为波动分析模块14的第二组成结构框图,所述波动分析模块14还包括:5 is a second structural block diagram of the fluctuation analysis module 14, and the fluctuation analysis module 14 further includes:

色值转换单元146,用于根据预设的转换公式对所述图像数据流进行色值转换,得到特征图像流;a color value conversion unit 146, configured to perform color value conversion on the image data stream according to a preset conversion formula to obtain a characteristic image stream;

特征值组生成单元147,用于计算特征图像流中各特征图像的特征值,生成特征值组;The feature value group generation unit 147 is used to calculate the feature value of each feature image in the feature image stream, and generate a feature value group;

统计分析单元148,用于对所述特征值组进行统计学分析,确定堵塞情况。The statistical analysis unit 148 is configured to perform statistical analysis on the feature value group to determine the blockage situation.

上述内容是对波动分析过程的一个具体限定,所述转换公式可以采用灰度转换公式,特征图像就是灰度图像,灰度图像中像素点的值只有一个,计算所有像素点值的平均值就可以得到该特征图像的特征值;相应的,图像数据流对应的就是特征值组;对所述特征值组进行统计学分析,便可以进一步确定堵塞情况。The above content is a specific limitation of the fluctuation analysis process. The conversion formula can be a grayscale conversion formula. The feature image is a grayscale image. There is only one pixel value in the grayscale image. Calculate the average value of all pixel values. The characteristic value of the characteristic image can be obtained; correspondingly, the image data stream corresponds to the characteristic value group; the congestion situation can be further determined by performing statistical analysis on the characteristic value group.

相应于本发明实施例一一种工地车辆堵塞监测系统,本发明实施例二提供一种工地车辆堵塞监测方法,如图6所示,该方法包括:Corresponding to the first embodiment of the present invention, a construction site vehicle congestion monitoring system, the second embodiment of the present invention provides a construction site vehicle congestion monitoring method. As shown in FIG. 6 , the method includes:

步骤S100,实时接收各工地上传的含有运输信息的运输任务,根据所述运输信息确定运输路径;其中,所述运输信息包括运输终点和运输时间;Step S100, receiving in real time the transportation tasks containing transportation information uploaded by each construction site, and determining the transportation route according to the transportation information; wherein the transportation information includes the transportation end point and the transportation time;

步骤S200,根据所述运输路径确定采样点及采样点处的堵塞概率;Step S200, determining the sampling point and the blocking probability at the sampling point according to the transport path;

步骤S300,定时获取采样点处的图像数据,根据所述堵塞概率对各图像数据进行分类;其中,所述图像数据含有采样点标签和时间信息;Step S300, periodically acquiring image data at sampling points, and classifying each image data according to the blocking probability; wherein, the image data contains sampling point labels and time information;

步骤S400,对所述图像数据进行内容识别,根据内容识别结果截取预设时间范围内的图像数据流,对所述图像数据流进行波动分析,确定堵塞情况。Step S400, performing content recognition on the image data, intercepting the image data stream within a preset time range according to the content recognition result, and performing fluctuation analysis on the image data stream to determine the congestion situation.

进一步的,所述实时接收各工地上传的含有运输信息的运输任务,根据所述运输信息确定运输路径包括:Further, receiving the transportation tasks containing transportation information uploaded by each construction site in real time, and determining the transportation route according to the transportation information includes:

获取各工地的位置数据,根据所述位置数据生成标识点;Obtain the location data of each construction site, and generate identification points according to the location data;

将所述标识点插入预设的区域模型中,得到含有标识点的区域模型;其中,所述标识点为具有半径的圆点,所述半径与工地规模相关;Inserting the identification point into a preset area model to obtain an area model containing the identification point; wherein, the identification point is a dot with a radius, and the radius is related to the scale of the construction site;

建立与城建数据库的连接通道,根据所述区域模型确定比例尺,根据所述比例尺在所述城建数据库中获取通行网络;establishing a connection channel with the urban construction database, determining a scale according to the regional model, and obtaining a traffic network in the urban construction database according to the scale;

将所述通行网络插入所述区域模型,实时接收各工地上传的含有运输终点的运输任务,根据所述工地的位置数据和运输终点在含有通行网络的区域模型中确定运输路径。Insert the traffic network into the area model, receive in real time the transportation tasks including the transportation end point uploaded by each construction site, and determine the transportation route in the area model including the transportation network according to the location data of the construction site and the transportation end point.

具体的,所述实时接收各工地上传的含有运输终点的运输任务,根据所述工地的位置数据和运输终点在含有通行网络的区域模型中确定运输路径的步骤包括:Specifically, the step of receiving in real time the transportation task including the transportation end point uploaded by each construction site, and determining the transportation route in the area model including the traffic network according to the position data of the construction site and the transportation end point includes:

获取运输终点和工地对应的标识点的半径和,根据所述半径和确定运输任务的优先级;Obtain the radius sum of the identification points corresponding to the transportation end point and the construction site, and determine the priority of the transportation task according to the radius sum;

根据所述运输时间对所述运输任务进行分类,得到以时间段为索引的运输任务;Classify the transportation tasks according to the transportation time, and obtain transportation tasks indexed by the time period;

在以时间段为索引的运输任务中提取优先级达到预设阈值的运输任务,根据该运输任务确定最优运输路径;其中,所述最优运输路径的运输距离最短;Extracting a transportation task whose priority reaches a preset threshold from the transportation tasks indexed by the time period, and determining an optimal transportation route according to the transportation task; wherein, the transportation distance of the optimal transportation route is the shortest;

根据以时间段为索引的运输任务中的其他任务确定运输路径。Transport routes are determined based on other tasks in the transport tasks indexed by time period.

作为本发明技术方案的一个优选实施例,所述根据所述运输路径确定采样点及采样点处的堵塞概率的步骤包括:As a preferred embodiment of the technical solution of the present invention, the step of determining the sampling point and the blocking probability at the sampling point according to the transportation route includes:

提取不同时间段的运输任务,获取该时间段的历史车流量数据,确定拥挤级别;Extract the transportation tasks in different time periods, obtain the historical traffic flow data of the time period, and determine the congestion level;

获取同一时间段内运输路径的交叉点及其交叉路径数;Get the intersections of transportation routes and the number of intersections in the same time period;

将所述拥挤级别和所述交叉路径数输入训练好的经验公式中,计算交叉点的堵塞概率;The congestion level and the number of crossing paths are input into the trained empirical formula, and the congestion probability of the crossing point is calculated;

将所述堵塞概率与预设的概率阈值进行比对,当所述堵塞概率达到预设的概率阈值时,将该交叉点标记为采样点。The blocking probability is compared with a preset probability threshold, and when the blocking probability reaches the preset probability threshold, the intersection is marked as a sampling point.

有关本实施例一种工地车辆堵塞监测方法的工作原理及过程,请参照前述本发明实施例一的说明,此处不再赘述。For the working principle and process of the method for monitoring vehicle congestion on a construction site in this embodiment, please refer to the description of the first embodiment of the present invention, which will not be repeated here.

通过上述说明可知,与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:本发明获取各个施工场地的运输任务,通过地图模型进行路径规划,对规划后的路径进行理论分析,确定堵塞概率较高的采样点,获取相应的图像数据,进而判断实际堵塞情况,计算资源的利用率极高,便于使用。It can be seen from the above description that, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention obtains the transportation tasks of each construction site, performs path planning through a map model, performs theoretical analysis on the planned path, and determines that the probability of blocking is high. According to the sampling point, the corresponding image data is obtained, and then the actual congestion situation is judged. The utilization rate of computing resources is extremely high, which is easy to use.

以上所揭露的仅为本发明较佳实施例而已,当然不能以此来限定本发明的权利范围,因此依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化,仍属本发明所涵盖的范围。The above disclosures are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and of course, the scope of the rights of the present invention cannot be limited by this. Therefore, the equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种工地车辆堵塞监测系统,其特征在于,包括:1. a construction site vehicle jam monitoring system, is characterized in that, comprises: 运输路径确定模块,用于实时接收各工地上传的含有运输信息的运输任务,根据所述运输信息确定运输路径;其中,所述运输信息包括运输终点和运输时间;A transportation route determination module, configured to receive in real time the transportation tasks containing transportation information uploaded by each construction site, and determine the transportation route according to the transportation information; wherein, the transportation information includes transportation destination and transportation time; 堵塞概率确定模块,用于根据所述运输路径确定采样点及采样点处的堵塞概率;a blockage probability determination module, configured to determine the sampling point and the blockage probability at the sampling point according to the transport path; 图像数据分类模块,用于定时获取采样点处的图像数据,根据所述堵塞概率对各图像数据进行分类;其中,所述图像数据含有采样点标签和时间信息;an image data classification module, used for regularly acquiring image data at sampling points, and classifying each image data according to the blocking probability; wherein, the image data contains sampling point labels and time information; 波动分析模块,用于对所述图像数据进行内容识别,根据内容识别结果截取预设时间范围内的图像数据流,对所述图像数据流进行波动分析,确定堵塞情况。The fluctuation analysis module is used for performing content identification on the image data, intercepting the image data stream within a preset time range according to the content identification result, and performing fluctuation analysis on the image data stream to determine the congestion situation. 2.根据权利要求1所述的工地车辆堵塞监测系统,其特征在于,所述运输路径确定模块包括:2. The construction site vehicle congestion monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the transport path determination module comprises: 标识点生成单元,用于获取各工地的位置数据,根据所述位置数据生成标识点;an identification point generation unit, used for acquiring the position data of each construction site, and generating identification points according to the position data; 标识点插入单元,用于将所述标识点插入预设的区域模型中,得到含有标识点的区域模型;其中,所述标识点为具有半径的圆点,所述半径与工地规模相关;An identification point insertion unit, used for inserting the identification point into a preset area model to obtain an area model containing the identification point; wherein, the identification point is a circle point with a radius, and the radius is related to the scale of the construction site; 通行网络获取单元,用于建立与城建数据库的连接通道,根据所述区域模型确定比例尺,根据所述比例尺在所述城建数据库中获取通行网络;a traffic network acquisition unit, configured to establish a connection channel with an urban construction database, determine a scale according to the regional model, and obtain a traffic network in the urban construction database according to the scale; 路径分析单元,用于将所述通行网络插入所述区域模型,实时接收各工地上传的含有运输终点的运输任务,根据所述工地的位置数据和运输终点在含有通行网络的区域模型中确定运输路径。The path analysis unit is used for inserting the traffic network into the area model, receiving in real time the transportation tasks including the transportation end point uploaded by each construction site, and determining the transportation in the area model containing the transportation network according to the location data of the construction site and the transportation end point path. 3.根据权利要求2所述的工地车辆堵塞监测系统,其特征在于,所述路径分析单元包括:3. The construction site vehicle congestion monitoring system according to claim 2, wherein the path analysis unit comprises: 优先级计算子单元,用于获取运输终点和工地对应的标识点的半径和,根据所述半径和确定运输任务的优先级;The priority calculation subunit is used to obtain the radius sum of the identification points corresponding to the transportation end point and the construction site, and determine the priority of the transportation task according to the radius sum; 分类子单元,用于根据所述运输时间对所述运输任务进行分类,得到以时间段为索引的运输任务;A classification subunit, configured to classify the transportation tasks according to the transportation time, and obtain the transportation tasks indexed by the time period; 第一执行子单元,用于在以时间段为索引的运输任务中提取优先级达到预设阈值的运输任务,根据该运输任务确定最优运输路径;其中,所述最优运输路径的运输距离最短;The first execution subunit is used to extract the transportation tasks whose priorities reach a preset threshold from the transportation tasks indexed by the time period, and determine the optimal transportation route according to the transportation task; wherein, the transportation distance of the optimal transportation route the shortest; 第二执行子单元,用于根据以时间段为索引的运输任务中的其他任务确定运输路径。The second execution sub-unit is configured to determine the transportation route according to other tasks in the transportation tasks indexed by the time period. 4.根据权利要求1所述的工地车辆堵塞监测系统,其特征在于,所述堵塞概率确定模块包括:4. The construction site vehicle congestion monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the blockage probability determination module comprises: 拥挤级别确定单元,用于提取不同时间段的运输任务,获取该时间段的历史车流量数据,确定拥挤级别;The congestion level determination unit is used to extract the transportation tasks in different time periods, obtain the historical traffic flow data of the time period, and determine the congestion level; 交叉点分析单元,用于获取同一时间段内运输路径的交叉点及其交叉路径数;The intersection analysis unit is used to obtain the intersections of the transportation routes and the number of intersections in the same time period; 概率计算单元,用于将所述拥挤级别和所述交叉路径数输入训练好的经验公式中,计算交叉点的堵塞概率;A probability calculation unit, for inputting the congestion level and the number of crossing paths into the trained empirical formula, and calculating the congestion probability of the intersection; 采样点标记单元,用于将所述堵塞概率与预设的概率阈值进行比对,当所述堵塞概率达到预设的概率阈值时,将该交叉点标记为采样点。A sampling point marking unit, configured to compare the blocking probability with a preset probability threshold, and when the blocking probability reaches the preset probability threshold, mark the intersection as a sampling point. 5.根据权利要求1所述的工地车辆堵塞监测系统,其特征在于,所述波动分析模块包括:5. The construction site vehicle congestion monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the fluctuation analysis module comprises: 相邻图像获取单元,用于根据所述图像数据中的时间信息获取相邻图像数据;an adjacent image acquisition unit, configured to acquire adjacent image data according to time information in the image data; 逻辑运算单元,用于对所述相邻图像数据进行逻辑运算,确定图像数据中的动态轮廓和背景轮廓;a logic operation unit for performing logic operation on the adjacent image data to determine the dynamic contour and the background contour in the image data; 速度计算单元,用于确定所述动态轮廓的中心点,计算中心点的偏移距离,根据所述偏移距离计算动态轮廓的运动速度;a speed calculation unit, configured to determine the center point of the dynamic contour, calculate the offset distance of the center point, and calculate the motion speed of the dynamic contour according to the offset distance; 价值分计算单元,用于计算所述动态轮廓的数量,将所述运动速度和数量输入训练好的分析模型,得到价值分;A value point calculation unit, for calculating the quantity of the dynamic profile, inputting the movement speed and the quantity into the trained analytical model to obtain a value point; 数据流截取单元,用于将所述价值分与预设的分数阈值进行比对,当所述价值达到预设的分数阈值时,基于所述运输时间截取预设时间范围内的图像数据流。A data stream interception unit, configured to compare the value score with a preset score threshold, and intercept the image data stream within a preset time range based on the transit time when the value reaches the preset score threshold. 6.根据权利要求5所述的工地车辆堵塞监测系统,其特征在于,所述波动分析模块还包括:6. The construction site vehicle congestion monitoring system according to claim 5, wherein the fluctuation analysis module further comprises: 色值转换单元,用于根据预设的转换公式对所述图像数据流进行色值转换,得到特征图像流;a color value conversion unit, configured to perform color value conversion on the image data stream according to a preset conversion formula to obtain a characteristic image stream; 特征值组生成单元,用于计算特征图像流中各特征图像的特征值,生成特征值组;A feature value group generation unit, used to calculate the feature value of each feature image in the feature image stream, and generate a feature value group; 统计分析单元,用于对所述特征值组进行统计学分析,确定堵塞情况。A statistical analysis unit, configured to perform statistical analysis on the feature value group to determine the blockage situation. 7.一种工地车辆堵塞监测方法,其特征在于,包括:7. A construction site vehicle jam monitoring method, characterized in that, comprising: 实时接收各工地上传的含有运输信息的运输任务,根据所述运输信息确定运输路径;其中,所述运输信息包括运输终点和运输时间;Receive in real time the transportation tasks containing transportation information uploaded by each construction site, and determine the transportation route according to the transportation information; wherein, the transportation information includes transportation destination and transportation time; 根据所述运输路径确定采样点及采样点处的堵塞概率;determine the sampling point and the blocking probability at the sampling point according to the transport path; 定时获取采样点处的图像数据,根据所述堵塞概率对各图像数据进行分类;其中,所述图像数据含有采样点标签和时间信息;Acquire image data at sampling points regularly, and classify each image data according to the blocking probability; wherein, the image data contains sampling point labels and time information; 对所述图像数据进行内容识别,根据内容识别结果截取预设时间范围内的图像数据流,对所述图像数据流进行波动分析,确定堵塞情况。Perform content recognition on the image data, intercept an image data stream within a preset time range according to the content recognition result, and perform a fluctuation analysis on the image data stream to determine a congestion situation. 8.根据权利要求7所述的工地车辆堵塞监测方法,其特征在于,所述实时接收各工地上传的含有运输信息的运输任务,根据所述运输信息确定运输路径包括:8. The method for monitoring vehicle congestion on a construction site according to claim 7, wherein the real-time receiving of the transportation tasks containing transportation information uploaded by each construction site, and determining the transportation route according to the transportation information comprises: 获取各工地的位置数据,根据所述位置数据生成标识点;Obtain the location data of each construction site, and generate identification points according to the location data; 将所述标识点插入预设的区域模型中,得到含有标识点的区域模型;其中,所述标识点为具有半径的圆点,所述半径与工地规模相关;Inserting the identification point into a preset area model to obtain an area model containing the identification point; wherein, the identification point is a dot with a radius, and the radius is related to the scale of the construction site; 建立与城建数据库的连接通道,根据所述区域模型确定比例尺,根据所述比例尺在所述城建数据库中获取通行网络;establishing a connection channel with the urban construction database, determining a scale according to the regional model, and obtaining a traffic network in the urban construction database according to the scale; 将所述通行网络插入所述区域模型,实时接收各工地上传的含有运输终点的运输任务,根据所述工地的位置数据和运输终点在含有通行网络的区域模型中确定运输路径。Insert the traffic network into the area model, receive in real time the transportation tasks including the transportation end point uploaded by each construction site, and determine the transportation route in the area model including the transportation network according to the location data of the construction site and the transportation end point. 9.根据权利要求8所述的工地车辆堵塞监测方法,其特征在于,所述实时接收各工地上传的含有运输终点的运输任务,根据所述工地的位置数据和运输终点在含有通行网络的区域模型中确定运输路径的步骤包括:9. The method for monitoring vehicle congestion at a construction site according to claim 8, wherein the real-time reception of the transport task containing the transport end point uploaded by each construction site is based on the location data of the construction site and the transport end point in an area containing a traffic network The steps in the model to determine the transport path include: 获取运输终点和工地对应的标识点的半径和,根据所述半径和确定运输任务的优先级;Obtain the radius sum of the identification points corresponding to the transportation end point and the construction site, and determine the priority of the transportation task according to the radius sum; 根据所述运输时间对所述运输任务进行分类,得到以时间段为索引的运输任务;Classify the transportation tasks according to the transportation time, and obtain transportation tasks indexed by the time period; 在以时间段为索引的运输任务中提取优先级达到预设阈值的运输任务,根据该运输任务确定最优运输路径;其中,所述最优运输路径的运输距离最短;Extracting a transportation task whose priority reaches a preset threshold from the transportation tasks indexed by the time period, and determining an optimal transportation route according to the transportation task; wherein, the transportation distance of the optimal transportation route is the shortest; 根据以时间段为索引的运输任务中的其他任务确定运输路径。Transport routes are determined based on other tasks in the transport tasks indexed by time period. 10.根据权利要求7所述的工地车辆堵塞监测方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述运输路径确定采样点及采样点处的堵塞概率的步骤包括:10 . The method for monitoring vehicle congestion on a construction site according to claim 7 , wherein the step of determining a sampling point and a congestion probability at the sampling point according to the transportation path comprises: 10 . 提取不同时间段的运输任务,获取该时间段的历史车流量数据,确定拥挤级别;Extract the transportation tasks in different time periods, obtain the historical traffic flow data of the time period, and determine the congestion level; 获取同一时间段内运输路径的交叉点及其交叉路径数;Get the intersections of transportation routes and the number of intersections in the same time period; 将所述拥挤级别和所述交叉路径数输入训练好的经验公式中,计算交叉点的堵塞概率;The congestion level and the number of crossing paths are input into the trained empirical formula, and the congestion probability of the crossing point is calculated; 将所述堵塞概率与预设的概率阈值进行比对,当所述堵塞概率达到预设的概率阈值时,将该交叉点标记为采样点。The blocking probability is compared with a preset probability threshold, and when the blocking probability reaches the preset probability threshold, the intersection is marked as a sampling point.
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