CN114656409A - 用于快速检测爆炸物的荧光材料及其制备方法以及应用 - Google Patents
用于快速检测爆炸物的荧光材料及其制备方法以及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了用于快速检测爆炸物的荧光材料,还公开了该荧光材料的制备方法,包括:S1,1,8‑二氨基萘及其衍生物和1,3,5‑三(对甲酰基苯基)苯及其衍生物或1,3,5‑三(4‑羧基苯基)苯及其衍生物在第一溶剂中混合,加入焦亚硫酸钠,进行回流反应,反应结束后加入酸溶液调节反应液pH值至中性,过滤干燥后重结晶,得到预制品;S2,预制品与卤代烃在第二溶剂中混合,加入碱催化剂,搅拌,然后过滤干重重结晶,得到所述荧光材料。还公开了上述荧光材料在检测爆炸物中的应用。本发明的荧光材料具有良好的空间构型,可以检测多种爆炸物,如2,4,6‑三硝基甲苯、2,4‑二硝基甲苯、一硝基甲苯、黑索金、塑性炸药。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及爆炸物检测技术领域,特别是涉及一种用于快速检测爆炸物的 荧光材料及其制备方法以及应用。
背景技术
爆炸物主要包括一些硝基芳香烃类、硝基脂肪类、硝铵类、硝酸酯类和过 氧化物类的小分子化合物。
爆炸物的超痕量检测技术主要是对爆炸物挥发出的蒸气和粘附于爆炸物容 器表面及任何接触过爆炸物的物件(包括人体)表面所残留的超痕量级爆炸物 进行检测的技术。目前,对于超痕量爆炸物检测的技术方法主要有气相色谱-质 谱联用、气相色谱-电子捕获质谱、表面增强拉曼光谱、X射线成像、热中子分 析法、电化学和离子迁移谱、搜爆犬等。
以上检测方法虽然具有很好的灵敏性,但由于多种原因而不能成为理想的 现场检测方法。比如,离子迁移谱是当前国际上应用最广泛的痕量爆炸物检测 技术,可以实现高灵敏度、高选择性检测爆炸物。但该设备不易于携带、价格 昂贵,需要专业人员操作,很难实现不同地点的在线快速检测。
近年来,基于光诱导电子转移的荧光传感技术由于其超高的灵敏度和较低 的仪器要求迅速在国际上引起了极大的关注。
发明内容
本发明的一优势在于提供一种用于快速检测爆炸物的荧光材料,其具有良 好的空间构型,能够用于检测爆炸物。
本发明的另一优势在于提供一种上述荧光材料的制备方法,该方法操作简 单,易于实现,具有良好的工业化应用前景。
为了实现本发明的上述至少一优势或其他优点和目的,本发明提供了一种 用于快速检测爆炸物的荧光材料,包括:所述荧光材料由多个荧光材料单体连 接而成,荧光材料单体的结构式如式(I)所示:
其中,R1,R2,R3,R4相同或不同,彼此独立地选自H、CH3、CnH2n+2、 CnH2n、Cl、Br、Ph、Ar;其中n选自2~18的整数。
本发明还提供了上述荧光材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:1,8-二氨基萘及其衍生物和1,3,5-三(对甲酰基苯基)苯及其衍生物或 1,3,5-三(4-羧基苯基)苯及其衍生物在第一溶剂中混合,加入焦亚硫酸钠,进 行回流反应,反应结束后加入酸溶液调节反应液pH值至中性,过滤干燥后重结 晶,得到预制品,预制品为荧光材料单体;
具体合成路线为:
S2:预制品与卤代烃在第二溶剂中混合,加入碱催化剂,搅拌反应,然后 过滤,重结晶,得到所述荧光材料。
根据本申请的一实施例,1,8-二氨基萘及其衍生物与1,3,5-三(对甲酰基苯基)苯及其衍生物的物质的量比为6~3:1,1,3,5-三(对甲酰基苯基)苯及其衍生物与焦 亚硫酸钠物质的量比为0.5~2:1;
或1,8-二氨基萘及其衍生物与1,3,5-三(4-羧基苯基)苯及其衍生物的物质 的量比为6~3:1,1,3,5-三(4-羧基苯基)苯及其衍生物与焦亚硫酸钠物质的量比 为0.5~2:1。
根据本申请的一实施例,卤代烃与预制品物质的量比为0.5~3:1;碱与卤代 烃物质的量比为8~2:1;碱为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢化钠中 的一种或一种以上。
根据本申请的一实施例,卤代烃为饱和直链末端卤代烃XCmH2mX,其中, X选自Cl、Br、I,m选自2~20中的整数。
根据本申请的一实施例,第一溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇中的一种或一种以上; 第二溶剂选自丙酮。
根据本申请的一实施例,S1中,回流反应的温度为95~110℃,反应时间为 1~5h。
根据本申请的一实施例,S2中,反应的温度为20~100℃,反应时间为1~24 h。
本发明还提供了上述荧光材料在检测爆炸物中的应用。
根据本申请的一实施例,爆炸物选自2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)、2,4-二硝基 甲苯(DNT)、一硝基甲苯(MNT)、黑索金(RDX)、塑性炸药(C4)。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明的荧光材料具有良好的空间构型,对爆炸物检测具有非常好的性能, 可以检测多种类型爆炸物,如2,4,6-三硝基甲苯、2,4-二硝基甲苯、一硝基甲苯、 黑索金、塑性炸药。
本发明的制备方法简单,易于实现。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的预制品的1H NMR谱图;
图2为实施例1制备的预制品的13C NMR谱图;
图3为实施例1制备的预制品的质谱谱图;
图4为实施例1制备的荧光材料与TNT作用前后的紫外检测谱图;
图5为实施例1制备的荧光材料与不同爆炸物作用前后的紫外检测谱图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清 楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是 全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造 性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术 领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术 语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。
实施例1
用于快速检测爆炸物的荧光材料A的合成:
(1)500mL圆底烧瓶中,加入磁力搅拌子,加入1,8-二氨基萘11g(70 mmol),1,3,5-三(对甲酰基苯基)苯7.8g(20mmol),加入焦亚硫酸钠1.9g(10 mmol),乙醇150mL,搅拌溶解后,100℃回流加热2小时,停止加热,加入适 量稀盐酸,调节pH值为中性后有沉淀生成,过滤,干燥,重结晶得到预制品, 预制品为黄色粉末,8.2g。
通过核磁和质谱表征预制品的结构,得到的1H NMR谱图如图1所示,13C NMR谱图如图2所示,质谱谱图如图3所示,具体数据如下:
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO)δ7.07–7.03(m,6H),6.86(d,J=8.2Hz,6H),6.30 (t,J=7.8Hz,6H),6.12(d,J=8.1Hz,6H),6.01(s,6H),5.66(d,J=7.3Hz,6H),4.60(s, 3H);
13C NMR(600MHz,DMSO)δ143.0,141.8,141.6,140.3,134.5,128.5,127.2, 127.0,124.5,115.4,112.6,104.5,65.9。M+1=811.3483。
由上述数据可知,本实施例制备得到的预制品为1,3,5-三(1H-哌啶-2-基) 苯,预制品为荧光材料A的结构单体,其结构式如式(II)所示:
(2)500mL圆底烧瓶中,加入磁力搅拌子,加入1,3,5-三(1H-哌啶-2-基) 苯5.8g(10mmol),1,6-二溴己烷3.6g(15mmol),50%氢氧化钠溶液2.4g(30 mmol),TBAI 740mg(2mmol),150mL丙酮,室温搅拌24小时,停止搅拌后 抽滤洗涤,得到荧光材料A,为棕色固体,其结构式由多个1,3,5-三(1H-哌啶 -2-基)苯相连接而成。具体地,1,3,5-三(1H-哌啶-2-基)苯上的—NH脱氢后与 —C6H12—结合,多个1,3,5-三(1H-哌啶-2-基)苯通过—C6H12—进行分子间连 接,得到荧光材料A。
实施例2
爆炸物检测:
将10mg实施例1制备得到的荧光材料A溶解于3mL四氢呋喃中,用移液 枪吸取200μL该溶液均匀涂在滤纸条上,待溶剂挥发后,制得爆炸物检测试纸。
制得的检测试纸在白光下为淡黄色,在254nm紫外灯下为蓝色。在滤纸条 上滴加30uL(0.01mg/mL)TNT甲醇溶液,滤纸条白光下变为蓝色,待溶剂挥 发后,滤纸条仍然为蓝色,在254nm紫外灯下,颜色较之前变淡。由此可知, 实施例1制备的荧光材料A可以实现对TNT的快速裸眼检测。
取10mg实施例1制备得到的荧光材料A溶解于3mL四氢呋喃中置于比色 皿中进行紫外检测,在比色皿中滴加30μL(0.01mg/mL)TNT甲醇溶液后重新 进行紫外检测,结果如图4所示。
对比两次紫外检测结果,发现滴入TNT溶液后,紫外检测结果发生明显变 化,说明实施例1制备的荧光材料可以用于TNT检测。
同条件下,滴加相同浓度的其它爆炸物溶液,具体为2,4-二硝基甲苯(DNT)、 一硝基甲苯(MNT)、黑索金(RDX)、塑性炸药(C4)溶液进行紫外检测,结 果如附图5所示。检测发现均较未滴加爆炸物溶液前有较大变化。由此说明, 实施例1制备的荧光材料A可以用于检测DNT、MNT、RDX、C4等多种爆炸 物。
实施例3
用于快速检测爆炸物的荧光材料B的合成:
以实施例1制备得到的预制品为原料,500mL圆底烧瓶中,加入磁力搅拌 子,加入1,3,5-三(1H-哌啶-2-基)苯5.8g(10mmol),1,8-二溴辛烷4.1g(15 mmol),50%氢氧化钠溶液2.4g(30mmol),TBAI 740mg(2mmol),150mL 丙酮,室温搅拌24小时,停止搅拌后抽滤洗涤,得到荧光材料B,为棕色固体。
实施例4
(1)500mL圆底烧瓶中,加入磁力搅拌子,加入1,8-二氨基萘11g(70 mmol),1,3,5-三(4-羧基苯基)苯5.3g(12mmol),加入焦亚硫酸钠4.6g(24 mmol),甲醇200mL,搅拌溶解后,110℃回流加热1小时,停止加热,加入适 量稀盐酸,调节pH值为中性后有沉淀生成,过滤,干燥,重结晶得到预制品;
(2)500mL圆底烧瓶中,加入磁力搅拌子,加入1,3,5-三(1H-哌啶-2-基) 苯5.8g(10mmol),1,6-二氯己烷4.6g(30mmol),50%氢氧化钠溶液12.0g (150mmol),TBAI 740mg(2mmol),100mL丙酮,加热至90℃搅拌1小时, 停止搅拌后抽滤洗涤,得到荧光材料C。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细, 但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的 普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改 进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权 利要求为准。
Claims (10)
2.权利要求1所述的荧光材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:1,8-二氨基萘及其衍生物和1,3,5-三(对甲酰基苯基)苯及其衍生物或1,3,5-三(4-羧基苯基)苯及其衍生物在第一溶剂中混合,加入焦亚硫酸钠,进行回流反应,反应结束后加入酸溶液调节反应液pH值至中性,过滤干燥后重结晶,得到预制品;
S2:预制品与卤代烃在第二溶剂中混合,加入碱催化剂,搅拌反应,然后过滤,重结晶,得到所述荧光材料。
3.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:1,8-二氨基萘及其衍生物与1,3,5-三(对甲酰基苯基)苯及其衍生物的物质的量比为6~3:1,1,3,5-三(对甲酰基苯基)苯及其衍生物与焦亚硫酸钠物质的量比为0.5~2:1;
或1,8-二氨基萘及其衍生物与1,3,5-三(4-羧基苯基)苯及其衍生物的物质的量比为6~3:1,1,3,5-三(4-羧基苯基)苯及其衍生物与焦亚硫酸钠物质的量比为0.5~2:1。
4.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:卤代烃与预制品物质的量比为0.5~3:1;碱与卤代烃物质的量比为8~2:1;碱为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢化钠中的一种或一种以上。
5.如权利要求2或4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:卤代烃为饱和直链末端卤代烃XCmH2mX,其中,X选自Cl、Br、I,m选自2~20中的整数。
6.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:第一溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇中的一种或一种以上;第二溶剂选自丙酮。
7.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:S1中,回流反应的温度为95~110℃,反应时间为1~5h。
8.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:S2中,反应的温度为20~100℃,反应时间为1~24h。
9.权利要求1所述的荧光材料在检测爆炸物中的应用。
10.如权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于:爆炸物选自2,4,6-三硝基甲苯、2,4-二硝基甲苯、一硝基甲苯、黑索金、塑性炸药。
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