CN114643410B - Coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

A coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing method and a device belong to the field of laser manufacturing. The device is based on a reflection type light splitting principle, a light splitting light path part is not provided with a lens, internal focusing generated when the lens in the processing head is split is avoided, the heating and ionization phenomena of air inside the processing head are eliminated, the accuracy of the light path is guaranteed, and in addition, the real-time adjustment of the focal length can be realized by changing the relative position of a reflector in the system. The device can realize the coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing method, and is suitable for manufacturing modes such as laser additive manufacturing, laser welding and the like. According to the invention, by splitting the light beam, accurate coaxial conveying of the wire material and the light beam can be realized, so that coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing is realized.

Description

Coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing method and device

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of laser manufacturing, and relates to a coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing method and device.

Background technique

Laser additive manufacturing technology is different from traditional subtractive processing technology in terms of manufacturing mode. It can directly prepare solid parts according to the three-dimensional model of the part, eliminating the need for a series of processes such as mold design, casting, and forging in the traditional manufacturing process. The production cycle of parts is greatly shortened. At the same time, laser additive manufacturing technology expands the imagination of designers, making the shape of parts no longer restricted by traditional manufacturing processes. In addition, by optimizing the parameters of the laser additive manufacturing process, the density and mechanical properties of the formed metal parts can reach the level of forgings, thus meeting the actual engineering needs.

According to the different forms of forming raw materials, laser additive manufacturing can be divided into powder laser additive manufacturing and wire laser additive manufacturing. Among them, wire laser additive manufacturing technology has the following advantages: 1) Compared with powder It has higher material utilization rate. The utilization rate of the powder is generally below 50% or even lower, and the recycling of the used powder at the same time may have an adverse effect on the performance of the part. The utilization rate of the wire can be as high as 100%, which greatly saves raw materials. 2) Wire laser additive manufacturing is safer. Due to the high temperature process of laser additive manufacturing, for some metal materials, especially light alloys, there is a risk of deflagration during the powder additive process. At the same time, because the particle size of the powder is generally around tens of microns, it is easy to cause pollution to the surrounding environment. The wire-type laser additive manufacturing greatly reduces this risk and avoids environmental pollution. 3) The preparation process of the silk material is simpler and the cost is lower. The preparation process of powder is complicated, the cost of powder making is high, and the sphericity of some powders is not high and there are hollow powders, which makes the powder fluidity poor and affects the stability of powder delivery. At the same time, hollow powders are easy to introduce defects such as pores in the parts, reducing parts performance. The wire preparation is simpler, the cost is lower, and the uniformity and stability of the wire during the transportation process are higher, which is conducive to the guarantee of the performance of the parts.

Wire-feed laser additive manufacturing can be divided into oblique axis type and coaxial type according to the wire feeding method. Among them, the metal wire in the inclined axis wire feeding method is fed from the outside of the laser beam. Although the equipment design is less difficult and the realization is relatively easy, it is easy to form in a single direction, and it is difficult to form multi-directional or complex structural parts, and the forming has anisotropy. The coaxial wire feeding method is to feed the metal wire from the inside of the beam, the laser beam is coaxial with the metal wire, the fuse effect is better, the energy utilization rate is high, and the preparation of complex structural parts can be realized. The wire method has obvious advantages, but the design and manufacture of equipment is more difficult and more costly.

Some scholars have carried out in-depth research on the optical path design and equipment development of the coaxial wire feeding type. Patent CN208147143 U designed a coaxial wire feeding welding head for laser metal printing, splitting the beam through two conical mirrors and a splitting mirror, and finally converging the beam through the focusing mirror. This design scheme makes a laser focal point exist between the two conical mirrors in the laser head, and the focal position will heat the air between the two lenses to refract the light in the optical path, causing the deviation of the optical path, even under the action of high-power laser. ionization of air, so this scheme is only suitable for low laser powers.

Patent CN105499793 A designed an optical path for light splitting. Two four-beam splitting lenses are used in the light path. The shape of the lens is complex, the production requirements and cost are high, and the splitting and convergence of four beams of light make the adjustment of the lens and the optical path easier. more difficult.

The laser splitting light path designed in the patent CN104259461 A splits and converges the light path through the conical mirror, the inner conical mirror and the annular concave mirror, but the collimated ring light beam reflected by the inner conical mirror and the focused beam reflected by the annular concave mirror are in the process of propagation. Interference occurs during the process, which will affect the converging effect of the beam and is not conducive to the forming of the sample. At the same time, the size of the annular concave mirror is too large, which is difficult to process and high in cost. The optical path design method of the existing coaxial wire-feed laser manufacturing device is complicated, and the processing of the lens and equipment is difficult, which is difficult for practical application. Therefore, it is necessary to design a more efficient and simple optical path splitter and related mechanical structures.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a coaxial wire-feeding laser manufacturing method and device. The laser head adopts a beam splitting-focusing optical path, which can realize coaxial wire feeding in the beam and precise coupling of laser and wire. This in turn enables reliable coaxial wire-fed laser manufacturing. The laser-wire coaxial manufacturing method greatly improves the flexibility of sample manufacturing, and at the same time, compared with the coaxial powder feeding method, it can significantly improve the utilization rate of materials and the safety of the manufacturing process, and reduce the environmental impact. Pollution. Through the design of the spectroscopic device, the manufacturing method can realize the real-time change of the laser focus focal length, further improving the flexibility of complex sample preparation.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:

A coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing device realizes laser-wire coaxial laser manufacturing. The laser manufacturing device includes an optical fiber interface 2 , a collimation module 3 , a bidirectional adjustment device 6 and a main body 24 of the laser manufacturing device.

The collimating module 3 is provided with a collimating mirror 4, and the collimating mirror 4 is used to expand the diameter of the laser beam transmitted in the optical fiber and reduce the divergence angle; the entrance of the collimating module 3 is connected with the optical fiber interface module 2, and the collimating A two-way adjustment device 6 is installed at the exit of the straight module 3, and the laser beam 1 enters from the fiber interface 2, and enters the main body 24 of the laser manufacturing device through the collimator 4 and the two-way adjustment device 6 in sequence. The main body 24 of the laser manufacturing device is provided with a dichroic prism 7 , a secondary reflector 8 , a primary reflector 9 , a focusing lens 10 and a wire feeding tube 14 , wherein the axes of the dichroic prism 7 and the collimating mirror 4 coincide. The laser beam 1 is collimated by the collimating mirror 4 and then reaches the beam splitting prism 7 through the two-way adjustment device 6, and the laser beam 1 is divided into two parallel beams through the beam splitting prism 7 based on reflective beam splitting, and the two beams pass through in turn The two secondary reflectors 8 and the main reflector 9 conduct, and finally focus through the focusing lens 10, and the two beams of laser light are finally focused below the exit position of the tapered nozzle 11; wherein, the beam splitting prism 7, the two secondary reflectors 8. The main mirror 9 and the focusing lens 10 are both arranged on the mirror frame 19 . The two-way adjustment device 6 can ensure the coaxiality of the collimating mirror 4 and the dichroic prism 7 in two dimensions, and ensure the uniform splitting of the parallel beams. The collimating mirror 4, dichroic prism 7, secondary reflecting mirror 8, main reflecting mirror 9 and focusing lens 10 of the present invention constitute the optical path in the device. At the same time, the wire feeding tube 14 sequentially passes through the main reflector 9 and the focusing lens 10 to transport the wire 12 to the laser focus position, and the laser and the wire 12 are precisely coupled to realize coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing.

In the described laser manufacturing device, water cooling is provided at collimating mirror 4, focusing lens 10, dichroic prism 7, secondary reflector 8 and main reflector 9; Cooling water circulation cooling; the focusing lens 10 cools down through the cooling water circulation in the annular water cooling device 22 provided on the outside, which has a hollow annular water cooling flow channel; An external water-cooling module is installed outside the body to cool down; a laser head clamping device 23 is provided on the outside of the housing for the fixed installation of the laser manufacturing device.

In the described laser manufacturing device main body 24, mirror frame 19 is all equipped with at dichroic prism 7, secondary reflector 8, main reflector (9) and focusing lens 10 positions; dichroic prism 7, secondary reflector 8 and main reflector The mirror 9 can adjust the lens in the three directions of XYZ through the mirror frame adjustment device 20, and at the same time, the relative position of the two secondary reflectors 8 can be adjusted by a small rotation through the mirror frame adjustment mechanism 20, so as to realize the adjustment of the laser focal length. The adjustment range is ±20mm; the mirror frame 19 at the focusing lens 10 can be rotated and adjusted by 360 degrees in the horizontal plane.

The main body 24 of the laser manufacturing device is provided with a conical nozzle 11 , a wire straightening device 13 , a wire feeding tube 14 , a wire feeding tube limiting device 16 , and an optical-wire coupling device 18 . The outlet of the laser manufacturing device is provided with a conical nozzle 11, a protective lens 5 and a wire feeding tube limiting device 16 are arranged above the conical nozzle 11, and a gas delivery port 17 is left on the side of the conical nozzle, wherein the wire feeding tube is limited. The device 16 is used to adjust the wire feeding tube 14 in the vertical direction, and adjust the length of the wire feeding tube protruding from the conical nozzle 11 . The wire straightening device 13 is arranged at the entrance of the wire feeding tube 14 for straightening the metal wire 12 . The optical-wire coupling device 18 is arranged above the conical nozzle 11 for adjusting the position of the wire feeding tube 14 in the horizontal plane to ensure precise coupling between the laser and the metal wire 12 . The main reflector 9 and the focusing lens 10 are provided with a wire feeding hole, and the wire feeding tube 14 is inserted into the beam through the wire feeding hole to realize wire feeding in the beam; a wire tube clamping device 21 is also set at the entrance of the wire feeding tube 14 , used to bear the external force suffered by the wire feeding tube 14; the outlet of the wire feeding tube 14 is equipped with a copper nozzle 15 to enhance heat dissipation. The conical nozzle 11 is provided with a protective gas delivery port 17, and the protective gas passes through the conical nozzle 11 to realize coaxial inert gas protection in the laser manufacturing process.

Further, the laser manufacturing device is based on reflective splitting, and the splitting is realized by the splitting prism 7. There is no lens in the splitting optical path, the lens structure is simple, the cost is low, and there is no laser focus point inside the laser manufacturing device.

Further, in the laser manufacturing device, protective lenses 5 are provided at the entrance and exit positions of the collimation module 3 and below the focusing lens 10, which are used to protect the lenses in the laser manufacturing device to prevent external environmental pollution or additive process Splash damage.

Further, the optical fiber interface module 2 is a standard dedicated optical fiber interface such as LLKD and QBH.

A coaxial wire-feeding laser manufacturing method based on the above device, said method comprising the following steps:

The first step is to adjust the wire straightening device and feed the metal wire to ensure that the alignment of the wire meets the manufacturing requirements. The wire 12 is copper alloy, aluminum alloy, steel, nickel-based alloy, titanium alloy and other metals. The diameter of the wire is 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. A suitable laser focal length is determined according to the actual sample structure and laser processing process conditions, and the relative position of the two secondary reflectors 8 is adjusted through the mirror frame adjustment device 20, so that the focal length of the processing head reaches a certain value. The adjustable range of the focal length is ±20mm.

选取送丝速度V₁和激光头扫描速度V₂。其中，R为丝材半径，单位为mm；V₁为送丝速度，单位为mm/s；V₂为激光头的扫描速度，单位为mm/s；P为激光功率，单位为W。In the second step, the laser power is set to 100-3000W, where

Select wire feeding speed V ₁ and laser head scanning speed V ₂ . Among them, R is the wire radius, in mm; V ₁ is the wire feeding speed, in mm/s; V ₂ is the scanning speed of the laser head, in mm/s; P is the laser power, in W.

The third step is to fix the wire feeding tube through the wire feeding tube clamping device 21, adjust the optical-wire coupling device 18, realize the position adjustment of the wire feeding tube 14 in the horizontal plane, and ensure the coaxial and precise coupling of the laser and the wire material, so that the wire The material can be accurately aligned with the focal point. Adjust the vertical position of the wire feed tube 14 through the wire feed tube limiter 16, so that the front end of the copper nozzle 15 is located 5-10 mm above the focal point, and the metal wire is sent out 2-4 mm outside the copper nozzle outlet.

In the fourth step, before processing, the protective gas is delivered into the tapered nozzle 11 through the protective gas delivery port 17 . Pass in cooling water to water-cool collimator 4, focusing lens 10, dichroic prism 7, secondary reflector 8, and primary reflector 9, and perform sample forming according to the program set by the machine tool. After the sample preparation is completed, turn off the Wire feeder, laser, cooling water and shielding gas.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The present invention adopts the mode of reflection and light splitting, which eliminates the internal focusing phenomenon caused by the light splitting of the inner lens of the processing head, avoids the heating and ionization of the air inside the processing head, ensures the accuracy of the optical path, and is applicable to high-power laser manufacturing. The reflective beam splitting optical path in the present invention makes the beam splitting mirror simple in structure and small in size, avoids the use of lenses with complex structures, and reduces the processing difficulty and manufacturing cost of the lenses. The coaxial wire-feeding laser manufacturing method in the present invention realizes the coaxial feeding of the wire material and the laser beam by splitting the beam, improves the utilization rate of materials and the flexibility of parts preparation, and can realize laser manufacturing of complex parts.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the external structure and internal optical path of the coaxial wire-feeding laser manufacturing device described in this patent. (a) External profile; (b) A-A section; (c) B-B section.

In the figure: 1 laser beam; 2 fiber interface module; 3 collimation module; 4 collimation mirror; 5 protective lens; 6 two-way adjustment device; Conical nozzle; 12 metal wire; 13 wire straightening device, 14 wire feeding tube; 15 copper nozzle; 16 wire feeding tube limit device; 17 protective gas delivery port; 18 light-wire coupling device; 20 mirror frame adjustment device; 21 wire feeding tube clamping device; 22 annular water cooling device; 23 laser head clamping device; 24 main body of laser manufacturing device; 25 sample; 26 substrate.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Taking the titanium alloy wire TC4 formed by the coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing device as an example, the specific implementation method is given:

A coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing method and device, the device for realizing the coaxial feeding of laser and wire is as follows:

As shown in Figure 1(b) A-A sectional view, the optical fiber is inserted into the optical fiber interface 2 and connected well, the laser beam 1 is emitted from the optical fiber, the diameter of the laser beam 1 is small and has a certain divergence angle, so the laser beam 1 is emitted by After the optical fiber is emitted, it first passes through the collimating mirror 4 to expand the beam diameter and reduce the divergence angle, thereby reducing the laser energy density and ensuring the accuracy of the optical path. The inlet and outlet positions of the collimation module 3 are respectively provided with protective lenses 5 to prevent dust from entering the collimation module and contaminating the lenses. At the same time, a circulating water circuit is provided in the collimation module 3, and cooling water flows through the circulating water circuit to cool the collimator mirror. The beam 1 is adjusted to a parallel beam with a required diameter after passing through the collimation module 3, and then the beam enters the two-way adjusting device 6, and the axis of the collimating mirror 4 and the dichroic prism 7 are coaxial by adjusting the two-way adjusting device. The light beam adjusted by the two-way adjustment device 6 enters the main part of the laser manufacturing device. First, the light beam passes through the dichroic prism 7 and is divided into two parallel beams with the same cross-sectional area. Turned 90 degrees and incident on the main mirror 9. As shown in Figure 1(c) B-B sectional view, the light beam incident on the main reflector 9 changes 90 degrees again, and then enters the focusing lens 10 downwards, and the two beams of laser light are finally converged to the exit position of the nozzle 11 of the laser manufacturing device through the focusing lens below.

The main reflector 9, the focus lens 10 and the protective lens 5 below the focus lens are all provided with through holes, and the wire feeding pipe 14 penetrates through the top of the processing head, and passes through the main reflector 9, focus lens 10 and focus successively. The protective lens 5 below the lens enables the wire to be fed into the molten pool from the center of the two laser beams. A copper nozzle 15 is arranged at the outlet of the wire feeding tube to improve the heat dissipation efficiency at the outlet of the wire feeding tube. The protective lens 5 below the focusing lens 10 can prevent the melt from splashing and damaging the focusing lens during the material addition process. At the same time, the center of the protective lens is provided with a wire tube limiting device 16, which can be used to control the wire tube 14 to extend out of the nozzle. 11, so as to control the distance between the wire outlet position and the laser focus. The wire feeding tube 14 is equipped with a wire feeding tube clamping device 21 at the entrance of the processing head, which can bear the external force during the wire material conveying process and ensure the rigidity of the wire feeding tube.

The metal wire 12 is straightened by the wire straightening device 13 and then enters the wire feeding tube 14 , and is transported to the laser focus position through the wire feeding tube 14 . The laser manufacturing device is equipped with an optical-filament coupling device 18, which can adjust the filament tube 14 in two dimensions in the horizontal direction, thereby realizing precise coupling between the filament and the laser focus.

The laser manufacturing device is equipped with a protective gas delivery port 17 at the nozzle, through which inert gases such as high-purity argon and nitrogen can be delivered, and the convergence of the protective gas through the nozzle 11 can be realized in the additive manufacturing process. Coaxial inert gas protection.

The outer housing of the focusing lens 10 is provided with an annular water cooling device 22, and the cooling water is passed into the inner flow channel to cool the focusing lens. In addition, the dichroic prism 7, the secondary reflector 8 and the housing at the position of the main reflector 9 are all left outside the housing. There is a water-cooling module installation position, and an external water-cooling module can be installed according to actual needs when the laser power is high.

Described dichroic prism 7, secondary reflector 8, main reflector 9 and focusing lens 10 are all equipped with mirror frame 19, wherein dichroic prism 7, secondary reflector 8 and primary reflector 9 can be adjusted by mirror frame adjustment device 20, The fine adjustment of the lens in the three directions of XYZ is realized, and the two sub-reflectors 8 can be rotated in a small range at the same time. By changing the relative distance and relative angle of the two sub-reflectors 8, the focal length can be adjusted within ±20mm. The mirror frame 19 at the focusing lens 10 can rotate 360 degrees in the horizontal plane, and the mirror frame 19 can be rotated after the laser manufacturing device works for a period of time, thereby increasing the service life of the focusing lens.

A laser head clamping device 23 is provided outside the casing of the laser manufacturing device for fixed installation of the laser manufacturing device.

A coaxial wire-feeding laser manufacturing method and device, the method comprising the following steps:

The first step is to insert the optical fiber into the optical fiber interface 2 and make a good connection. Fix the substrate 26 that has been polished, cleaned and dried on the moving platform of the machine tool. Put the 1.2mm TC4 wire into the wire feeder, and send it out slowly through the wire feeder 14 to the outlet of the wire feeder, adjust the wire straightening device to ensure that the TC4 wire is within 20mm of the wire feeding tube. straight. Determine the required focal length according to the sample structure and laser technology, and adjust the relative position and angle of the two secondary mirrors 8 through the mirror frame adjustment device 20, so that the focal length of the processing head can be fine-tuned within a variable range until the focal length reaches a suitable value.

In the second step, set the laser power to 1000W, select the laser head scanning speed (V2) to be 9mm/s, and the wire feeding speed (V1) to be 25mm/s.

The third step is to fix the wire feeding tube through the wire feeding tube clamping device 21, adjust the optical-wire coupling device 18, realize the position adjustment of the wire feeding tube 14 in the horizontal plane, and ensure the coaxial precise coupling of the laser and the TC4 wire, so that The TC4 wire can be accurately aligned with the focal point after the wire comes out. Adjust the position of the wire feed tube 14 in the vertical direction through the wire feed tube limiter 16, so that the front end of the copper nozzle 15 is located 5 mm above the focal point, and the metal wire is sent out 2 mm outside the exit of the copper nozzle.

The fourth step is to deliver high-purity argon gas into the conical nozzle 11 through the protective gas delivery port 17, and pass through the cooling water to align the collimating mirror 4, the focusing lens 10, the beam splitting prism 7, the secondary reflector 8 and the main reflector 9 Water cooling is carried out. During forming, the machine tool runs according to the preset program, and the sample is formed layer by layer. After the sample is prepared, the wire feeder, laser, cooling water and protective gas are turned off in sequence.

The above-mentioned embodiment only expresses the implementation mode of the present invention, but can not therefore be interpreted as the limitation of the scope of the patent of the present invention, it should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, under the premise of not departing from the concept of the present invention, Several modifications and improvements can also be made, all of which belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a coaxial wire-feeding laser manufacturing device, for realizing laser-wire material coaxial laser manufacturing, is characterized in that, described coaxial wire-feeding laser manufacturing device comprises optical fiber interface module (2), collimation module ( 3), the two-way adjustment device (6) and the main body (24) of the laser manufacturing device; The collimating module (3) is provided with a collimating mirror (4), and the collimating mirror (4) is used to expand the diameter of the laser beam transmitted in the optical fiber and reduce the divergence angle; the entrance of the collimating module (3) Connected with the fiber interface module (2), a bidirectional adjustment device (6) is installed at the exit of the collimation module (3), the laser beam (1) enters from the fiber interface module (2), and passes through the collimator (4), bidirectional The adjusting device (6) enters the main body (24) of the laser manufacturing device; Described laser manufacturing device main body (24) is provided with dichroic prism (7), secondary reflector (8), primary reflector (9), focusing lens (10) and wire feeding tube (14), wherein, dichroic prism (7) coincides with the axis of the collimating mirror (4); the laser beam (1) passes through the collimating mirror (4) and reaches the beam splitting prism (7) through the two-way adjustment device (6), and passes through the beam splitting prism based on reflective splitting The prism (7) divides the laser beam (1) into two parallel beams, and the two beams are transmitted through two secondary reflectors (8) and the main reflector (9) in turn, and finally focused by the focusing lens (10). The laser beam is finally focused to below the exit position of the conical nozzle (11); at the same time, the wire feeding tube (14) passes through the main reflector (9) and focusing lens (10) in turn to transport the wire (12) to the laser focus position, Precise coupling of laser and wire (12) realizes coaxial wire feeding laser manufacturing; In the described laser manufacturing device main body (24), a spectroscopic prism (7), a secondary reflector (8), a primary reflector (9) and a focusing lens (10) are all equipped with a mirror frame (19); Prism (7), secondary reflector (8) and main reflector (9) realize the adjustment of eyeglass in XYZ three directions by mirror frame adjustment device (20), can adjust two secondary reflectors by mirror frame adjustment device (20) simultaneously The relative position of the mirror (8) is rotated and adjusted, thereby realizing the adjustment of the laser focal length; the mirror frame (19) at the focusing lens (10) can be rotated and adjusted 360 degrees in the horizontal plane; The main body (24) part of the laser manufacturing device is provided with a conical nozzle (11), a wire straightening device (13), a wire feeding tube (14), a wire feeding tube limiting device (16), a light-wire Coupling device (18); the outlet of the laser manufacturing device is provided with a conical nozzle (11), above the conical nozzle (11) a protective lens (5) and a wire feeding tube limiter (16), the conical nozzle There is a gas delivery port (17) on the side, where the wire feeding tube limiter (16) is used to adjust the wire feeding tube (14) in the vertical direction and adjust the length of the wire feeding tube extending out of the conical nozzle (11) ; The wire straightening device (13) is located at the entrance of the wire feeding tube (14) for straightening the metal wire (12); the optical-wire coupling device (18) is located at the tapered The top of the nozzle (11) is used to adjust the position of the wire feeding tube (14) in the horizontal plane to ensure the precise coupling of the laser and the metal wire (12); the main reflector (9) and the focusing lens (10) A wire feeding hole is set inside, and the wire feeding tube (14) is inserted into the beam through the wire feeding hole to realize wire feeding inside the beam; a wire tube clamping device (21) is also set at the entrance of the wire feeding tube (14) to bear The external force suffered by the wire feeding tube (14); the outlet of the wire feeding tube (14) is equipped with a copper nozzle (15) to enhance heat dissipation; the tapered nozzle (11) is provided with a protective gas delivery port (17), The shielding gas passes through the conical nozzle (11) to realize the coaxial inert gas shielding in the laser manufacturing process; The two-way adjustment device (6) can ensure the coaxiality of the collimating mirror (4) and the beam splitting prism (7) in two dimensions, and ensure uniform light splitting of parallel beams. 2. A kind of coaxial wire-feeding laser manufacturing device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described laser manufacturing device, in collimating lens (4), focusing lens (10), dichroic prism (7) , the secondary reflector (8) and the primary reflector (9) are all provided with water cooling; wherein the collimator (4) cools down through the cooling water circulation circuit in the collimation module (3); The cooling water circulating water circuit in the annular water cooling device (22) cools down, and there is a hollow annular water cooling flow channel inside; An external water-cooling module cools down; a laser head clamping device (23) is provided on the outside of the housing for fixed installation of the laser manufacturing device. 3. A coaxial wire-feeding laser manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the focal length adjustment range is ±20mm. 4. A coaxial wire-feeding laser manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the laser manufacturing device, the position of the entrance and exit of the collimation module (3) and below the focusing lens (10) are all provided with The protective lens (5) is used to protect each lens in the laser manufacturing device. 5. A coaxial wire-feeding laser manufacturing method based on the coaxial wire-feeding laser manufacturing device described in any one of claims 1-4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: The first step is to adjust the wire straightening device and feed the metal wire to ensure that the alignment of the wire meets the manufacturing requirements; to determine the appropriate laser focal length according to the actual sample structure and laser processing conditions, through the frame adjustment device (20 ) adjust the relative positions of the two secondary reflectors (8), so that the focal length of the processing head reaches a certain value, and the adjustable range of the focal length is ±20mm; In the second step, the laser power is set to 100-3000W, where

Select the wire feeding speed V ₁ and the laser head scanning speed V ₂ ; where, R is the wire radius, the unit is mm; V ₁ is the wire feeding speed, the unit is mm/s; V ₂ is the scanning speed of the laser head, the unit is mm/s; P is the laser power in W; In the third step, the wire feeding tube is fixed by the wire feeding tube clamping device (21), and the light-wire coupling device (18) is adjusted to realize the position adjustment of the wire feeding tube (14) in the horizontal plane, so as to ensure the synchronization of the laser and the wire. The axes are precisely coupled, so that the wire can be accurately aligned with the focal point after being sent out; the vertical position of the wire feeding tube (14) is adjusted through the wire feeding tube limit device (16), so that the front end of the copper nozzle (15) is at the focal point At the position of 5-10mm above, at the same time, the metal wire is sent out to 2-4mm outside the exit of the copper nozzle; In the fourth step, before processing, the protective gas is delivered to the conical nozzle (11) through the protective gas delivery port (17); the cooling water is passed into the collimating mirror (4), the focusing lens (10), and the beam splitting prism (7) , the secondary reflector (8) and the primary reflector (9) are water-cooled, and the sample is formed according to the program set by the machine tool. After the sample is prepared, the wire feeder, laser, cooling water and protective gas are turned off in sequence. 6. A kind of coaxial wire-feeding laser manufacturing method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described wire material (12) is copper alloy, aluminum alloy, steel, nickel base alloy, titanium alloy or other metals, and wire The diameter of the material is 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm.

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