CN114632948B - Plasma and laser composite additive manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a plasma and laser composite additive manufacturing method, which follows the cycle sequence of plasma cladding the wave-shaped wear-resistant belt first, and then laser cladding the stainless steel soft adhesive belt, between the wear-resistant belts Laser cladding soft wavy adhesive tape, forming an overlapping area between the wear-resistant tape and the adhesive tape, and finally forming a complete surface layer with both strength and toughness, soft and hard interlaced wavy structure on the working surface. In this way, when the laser cladding soft adhesive tape is used, the residual stress caused by plasma cladding can be reduced; when the laser cladding tape is cooled, the residual tensile stress is transferred to the soft adhesive tape. The non-ceramic phase powder in the wear-resistant band is the same, and its plasticity is good, which can release part of the tensile stress through micro-deformation, and at the same time achieve a strong combination with the wear-resistant band, avoiding brittle cracks in the wear-resistant band area.

Description

A kind of plasma and laser combined additive manufacturing method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of metal material processing, especially for aluminum alloys, copper alloys, titanium alloys and other components used in ocean platforms and rail transit. The surface hardness is low, and it is necessary to compound different materials on the surface by means of additive manufacturing and other methods to improve Hardness, wear resistance, etc. However, due to its low laser absorption rate and low manufacturing efficiency, it is difficult to achieve high-efficiency and high-quality additive manufacturing on the surface, and it is difficult to balance the wear resistance and toughness of the material.

Background technique

High-strength aluminum alloys, copper alloys, and titanium alloys are used more and more widely in the fields of marine, rail transit, aviation and aerospace new energy, and metallurgy. Due to complex working conditions and complex workpiece shapes, a single material is difficult to meet the needs. Therefore, the demand for improving the performance of materials through welding processing and remanufacturing surface strengthening is becoming more and more urgent. At present, the use of laser or plasma technology for welding of different materials and surface remanufacturing has been widely used in many fields. However, for large workpieces, especially non-ferrous metal parts, a single laser beam or plasma beam still cannot meet the requirements in terms of high efficiency, low deformation, high-quality welding or surface remanufacturing, and the second is that the residual stress has great influence on motion and Power components, especially in corrosive environments, seriously affect fatigue life. Therefore, the use of laser and plasma composite heat sources, combining the advantages of both, and simultaneously performing stress relief on welded seams and remanufactured surfaces is expected to solve the above contradictions. for example:

Chinese patent application number 202111043799.9 discloses a laser-plasma composite cutting nozzle, cutting device, method and application. The technical solution of this application can improve the problem of low composite energy efficiency in the cutting process of composite heat sources, and can increase the cutting speed of metal sheets by about 30 -40%.

Chinese patent application number: CN202110988261.9, which discloses a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant sphere processing technology, which uses plasma cladding technology to coat the wear-resistant coating material on the surface of the oxidized sphere, and then performs laser remelting to obtain a wear-resistant sphere. Guarantee the compactness and stability of the multi-layer composite, and effectively improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the sphere.

Chinese patent application No. 202111374700.3 discloses a welding method for dissimilar metal tailor welded blanks. Laser-arc composite fusion welding is used to realize the metallurgical connection of magnesium alloy/pre-prepared pure Ni transition layer steel, which can realize high-precision welding of weld seams .

Chinese patent application number 202110213329.6 discloses a layer-by-layer laser-ultrasonic-plasma composite cleaning method and device for metal additive manufacturing. It has an online monitoring system to feed back whether there are impurities and/or defects in the current layer. If so, plasma shock is used. , ultrasonic vibration, laser remelting and other methods of cleaning and repairing, otherwise continue to manufacture the next layer of material until the parts are produced. The invention can directly deal with internal microscopic defects of parts, overcome the problem that traditional defect repair methods cannot be processed online, and realize high-precision online defect processing, thereby improving the product quality of metal additive manufacturing.

Chinese patent application number 202011556530.6 discloses a laser-plasma arc composite cutting and welding processing device and processing method, including a central channel through which the laser passes, a gas nozzle and a plasma nozzle arranged inside the gas nozzle, cutting electrodes and welding electrodes, etc. .

Chinese patent application number 202011472406.1 discloses a plasma laser composite cladding system, which reduces heat input, reduces thermal stress, and improves coating forming accuracy and efficiency.

Chinese patent application number 202011261540.7 discloses a method and system for synchronous composite manufacturing of laser additive and laser shock. The system includes a laser additive manufacturing module and a laser shock module. The beam-focused laser acts on the surface of the molten pool, the mushy zone behind the molten pool, and the surface of the high-temperature solidification zone in real time. The shock wave induced by the plasma stirs the molten pool, destroys the thick dendrites in the mushy zone, and induces residual stress in the high-temperature solidification zone. , thereby intensifying the convection of the molten pool to improve the temperature gradient, increasing the nucleation rate in the mushy zone, and alleviating defects such as cracks in the high-temperature solidification zone. Therefore, the efficient laser additive manufacturing of high-performance metal parts can be obtained through the force-thermal coupling effect of simultaneous compounding of laser additive and laser shock.

Chinese patent application number CN202011472389.1 discloses a multi-beam high-energy beam composite processing device, including a preheating plasma torch, a post-heating plasma torch, a laser cladding head, a preheating plasma torch, a post-heating plasma torch, and a laser cladding head Through the clamper connection, the invention can preheat the workpiece through the optimized design of the thermal plasma torch to reduce the temperature gradient in the cladding process, and slow down the cooling rate by post-heating the coating to reduce the Thermal stress during coating cooling process improves coating forming quality.

The above-mentioned invention can obtain high-performance welding joints and additive manufacturing of metal parts through the composite and coupling effect of laser additive and plasma, and improve the efficiency of welding, additive manufacturing and surface remanufacturing. However, either because the composite technology is complex, depends on equipment, and has poor operability, or because the performance control range is small, it limits its use in dredging, marine engineering, high-speed rail, nuclear power, ships, construction machinery and other fields for composite and additive manufacturing of different materials. The application of surface strengthening, especially aluminum alloy, copper alloy, titanium alloy and other components, because the material has a low absorption rate of laser light, the application effect is greatly reduced, so it is necessary to develop high-efficiency laser and plasma composite additive manufacturing technology.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the technical defects of the existing laser and plasma composite additive manufacturing technology, which has unsatisfactory application effects due to poor operability and small performance control range, the present invention provides a new plasma and laser composite additive manufacturing method. By adjusting the material ratio and combining the cladding process, it is possible to additively manufacture a surface layer with a wavy structure that alternates between soft and hard in the horizontal and vertical directions on the surface of various metals.

To achieve the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:

A plasma and laser composite additive manufacturing method, characterized in that it follows the cyclical sequence of plasma swing cladding of wave-shaped wear-resistant bands, followed by laser swing cladding of stainless steel soft adhesive bands. The laser cladding soft wave-shaped adhesive tape between them forms an overlapping area between the wear-resistant tape and the adhesive tape, and finally forms a complete surface with both strength and toughness, soft and hard interlaced wavy structure on the working surface layer, where:

The wear-resistant band is composed of stainless steel powder such as 304 or 314L and ceramic phase powder, wherein stainless steel powder such as 304 or 314L accounts for (20-80) wt%, and WC powder accounts for (15-70) wt% in the ceramic phase powder. )wt%, the remaining TiB2 or/and powders such as nickel-clad BN account for 5-10wt% altogether.

The adhesive tape powder is selected from the same stainless steel powder as the wear-resistant tape.

Further: Design the surface layer of additive manufacturing according to the actual needs of the workpiece. The width of the wear-resistant belt and the soft adhesive belt after swing cladding are 15-25mm and 5-10mm respectively, and the hardness is 700-1100HV and 180-200HV, respectively. The thickness is 1-10mm.

Further: the particle size of the stainless steel powder is 40-120 μm, the ceramic phase WC powder is a spherical powder with a particle size of 45-100 μm, and the particle size of TiB ₂ and nickel-coated BN is 30-50 μm.

The specific scheme of the additive manufacturing method of plasma and laser composite of the present invention is:

The first step: powder preparation

The powder composition of the plasma beam cladding high hardness wear-resistant belt includes: 304 or 314L stainless steel powder and ceramic phase powder, the particle size of the stainless steel powder is 40-120 μm, and the WC powder in the ceramic phase is a spherical powder with a particle size of 45-100 μm , the particle size of other TiB ₂ , nickel-coated BN and other powders is 30-50 μm;

The powder composition of laser cladding stainless steel soft adhesive tape is: 304 or 314L stainless steel powder, the powder particle size is 40-120μm;

The second step: powder weighing

Weigh the wear-resistant band powder according to the mass ratio, the stainless steel powder in the wear-resistant band powder accounts for 20-80%, the WC powder accounts for (15-70) wt% in the ceramic phase powder, and the remaining powders such as TiB2 and nickel-coated BN account for 5-10wt%, then dried and mixed to obtain a wear-resistant belt mixed powder; meanwhile, weigh the adhesive belt powder;

In the wear-resistant belt powder, stainless steel powder plays the role of improving corrosion resistance, WC powder plays the role of improving hardness and wear resistance, TiB2 not only improves hardness and wear resistance, but also improves thermal conductivity and ablation resistance On the one hand, nickel-coated BN has anti-friction effect, on the other hand, it reacts with Cr, Mo and other elements in stainless steel to form CrN, (Cr, Mo) (C, B) and other sub-micron and nano-ceramic phases. , synergistically improve wear resistance and toughness with WC and TiB2. According to the specific needs of wear resistance and corrosion resistance, wear resistance, high thermal conductivity, anti-ablation, wear resistance and friction reduction, etc., select the wear-resistant belt powder and the proportion.

Step 3: Design the trajectory of plasma beam cladding and laser cladding

Set the trajectory of the plasma generator and the laser as a wave-shaped structure according to the co-constructed shape;

Step 4: Additive Manufacturing Surface Layers

Section 4.1: Prepare the wear-resistant belt first, use plasma beam swing cladding, the power is 6KW, the beam spot diameter is 10mm, the scanning speed is 5-8mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 10-15kg/h, and the swing width is 15- 25mm;

Section 4.2: After the plasma beam swing cladding, the soft adhesive tape is prepared by synchronous laser swing cladding. The power of the fiber laser is 3KW, the spot diameter is 2.8mm, the scanning speed is 3-5mm/s, and the powder feeding volume is 5-10kg. /h, the swing width is 5-10mm; between the soft adhesive tape and the wear-resistant tape, the lap overlap rate is 10%-20%, and both plasma beam cladding and laser cladding use argon as the protective gas;

When the plasma beam cladding wear-resistant belt and laser cladding soft belt are cladding from one end to the other, then quickly move to the next wear-resistant belt and soft belt area of the workpiece to be clad respectively for cladding, so as to This cycle, in order to obtain the complete surface layer of the soft and hard interlaced wave structure of the first layer of additive manufacturing;

If it is necessary to obtain an ultra-thick and high-hardness surface layer, the second layer and the third layer can be manufactured on the basis of the first layer. At this time, attention should be paid: the wear-resistant belts and soft belts of the upper and lower layers need to be staggered. Cannot overlap. Such an additive manufacturing layer is also a soft and hard structure from top to bottom. While improving strength and toughness, it prevents penetrating cracks from top to bottom and blocks the transmission channel of corrosive media; secondly, according to the needs of hardness and wear resistance, When plasma beam cladding the second layer and the third layer of wear-resistant belt, increase the powder content of ceramic phase WC, TiB ₂ , nickel-coated BN, etc. to increase the hardness and form a gradient change, and the rest are the same as the first layer, and so on Finally, a soft and hard staggered wavy structure is obtained. The hardness of the wear-resistant belt and the soft adhesive belt are respectively: 700-1100HV and 180-200HV, and the thickness is 1-10mm.

It should be noted that: for each additional layer of additive manufacturing, the mass content of the ceramic phase powder in the wear-resistant phase will increase once, but no matter how much it is increased, it is necessary to ensure that the mass content of the ceramic phase powder in the wear-resistant belt powder system is maintained at (20- 80)%, the mass content of the ceramic phase powder increases, and the corresponding stainless steel powder must decrease.

In order to further improve wear resistance and anti-ablation performance, TiC, NbC, VC, Al2O3 or/and ZrO2 can also be added instead of TiB2.

The advantage of the present invention is illustrated according to mechanism below:

1. According to the mechanism of swing cladding wear-resistant belt first and then swing cladding soft adhesive tape in the present invention, first, when laser cladding soft adhesive tape, the residual stress formed by plasma cladding can be reduced, and second When the laser cladding tape is cooled, the residual tensile stress is transferred to the soft adhesive tape. Since the powder of the soft tape is the same as the non-ceramic phase powder in the wear-resistant tape, it has good plasticity and can be released through micro-deformation. Partial tensile stress, while achieving a strong bond with the hardband, avoiding brittle cracks in the hardband area.

2. The present invention utilizes plasma beam cladding of high-hardness wear-resistant belts, on the one hand, to give play to the characteristics of high absorption rate of plasma beams for cladding of high-reflective materials such as aluminum alloys, copper alloys, and titanium alloys; on the other hand, the plasma beam column The center temperature is lower than the laser beam, which can effectively maintain the shape and content of the ceramic phase, reduce decomposition, and ensure the composition and hardness of the wear-resistant band. The use of laser cladding stainless steel soft adhesive tape is to use the characteristics of higher energy density of laser beam than plasma beam, smaller heat affected zone and finer structure, so as to obtain better strength and toughness of soft adhesive tape. During the specific preparation, firstly, the plasma beam cladding the wavy wear-resistant strips, and then laser cladding the soft wavy adhesive strips between the wear-resistant strips. The lap zone is formed between the wear-resistant strip, the adhesive strip, and finally the complete surface layer.

3. The first aspect of the present invention is that it can add materials to various metal surfaces to manufacture surface layers with interlaced soft and hard wave structures, especially for high-reflective materials such as aluminum alloys, copper alloys, and titanium alloys, and the preparation efficiency is high; plasma and Laser cladding to prepare wear-resistant belts and adhesive tapes not only takes advantage of plasma to reduce the decomposition of ceramic phases in wear-resistant belts, but also takes advantage of the high energy density of laser beams to reduce the heat-affected zone when cladding adhesive tapes ; The second is the obtained surface layer of additive manufacturing, which can achieve high hardness, high wear resistance, high strength and toughness, and good impact resistance through compounding of different materials. Composition and structure, to obtain more suitable wear resistance and corrosion resistance; the third is to carry out plasma beam cladding first, and control the cladding track to prepare a wavy wear-resistant belt, and then carry out laser cladding, and the wear-resistant When the soft adhesive tape is prepared between the tapes, not only the residual stress formed by plasma cladding can be reduced by laser heating, but also the residual tensile stress of the entire surface cladding layer can be transferred when the laser cladding soft adhesive tape is cooled. When it comes to the soft adhesive tape, because of its good plasticity, part of the tensile stress can be released through slight deformation, which avoids brittle cracks caused by residual tensile stress in the wear-resistant belt area.

4. According to the method of the present invention, if it is necessary to obtain an ultra-thick and high-hardness surface layer, the second layer and the third layer can be manufactured on the basis of the first layer. At this time, it is necessary to pay attention to: the wear-resistant belts of the upper and lower layers 1. The soft adhesive tape needs to be staggered and cannot be overlapped, and the powder content of ceramic phase WC, TiB ₂ , nickel-coated BN, etc. increases gradually. In this way, the additive manufacturing layer is also a soft and hard structure from top to bottom. While increasing the hardness and thickness, it also prevents penetrating cracks from top to bottom, blocks the transmission channel of corrosive media, and improves strength, toughness and corrosion resistance.

The above advantages of the present invention improve the wear resistance, impact resistance, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance and resistance to corrosion and wear force-electric coupling damage performance of the surface layer of additive manufacturing, and are suitable for dredging reamers, offshore platform valve bodies and drills. The surface strengthening of heterogeneous composite additive manufacturing of rods, high-speed rail brake discs, nuclear power drive claws, ship propeller blades, construction machinery buckets and picks, internal combustion engine cylinders and pistons, and key parts in the military industry.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings required for the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some implementations of the present invention. For example, those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings on the premise of not paying creative efforts.

Figure 1a and Figure 1b are the surface layer structure and cross-sectional view of the plasma and laser composite additive manufacturing with soft and hard layers, respectively.

Figure 2 is the hardness distribution and microstructure diagram of the wear-resistant belt, overlapping area and soft belt on the surface layer of additive manufacturing.

The way of specific implementation

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, so as to define the protection scope of the invention more clearly.

Embodiment one

The first step: powder preparation

The powder composition of plasma beam cladding high hardness wear-resistant belt includes: 304 stainless steel powder and ceramic phase powder. BN powder particle size is 30-50μm;

The powder composition of laser cladding stainless steel soft adhesive tape is: 304 stainless steel powder, the powder particle size is 40μm;

The second step: powder weighing

Weigh the wear-resistant band powder according to the mass ratio, the stainless steel powder accounts for 80wt% in the wear-resistant band powder, the WC powder accounts for 15wt% in the ceramic phase powder, and TiB ₂ 5wt%. choose. Then dry and mix to obtain the wear-resistant belt mixed powder; meanwhile, weigh the adhesive belt powder;

Step 3: Design the trajectory of plasma beam cladding and laser cladding

Set the trajectory of the plasma generator and the laser as a wave-shaped structure according to the co-constructed shape;

Step 4: Additively manufacture the surface layer (see Figure 1a)

Section 4.1: First prepare the wear-resistant belt, use plasma beam swing cladding, the power is 6KW, the beam spot diameter is 10mm, the scanning speed is 8mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 10kg/h, and the swing width is 15mm;

Section 4.2: After plasma beam cladding, the soft adhesive tape is prepared by synchronous laser swing cladding. The power of the fiber laser is 3KW, the spot diameter is 2.8mm, the scanning speed is 5mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 5kg/h, and the swing width 5mm; between the soft adhesive tape and the wear-resistant tape, the lap overlap rate is 10%, and both plasma beam cladding and laser cladding use argon as the protective gas;

When the plasma beam cladding and laser cladding are cladding from one end to the other, then quickly move to the next area of the workpiece to be clad with wear-resistant belt and soft adhesive belt for cladding. This obtains the complete surface layer of the soft and hard interlaced wavy structure of the first layer of additive manufacturing.

A surface with a wavy structure alternated between soft and hard is obtained, the hardness of the wear-resistant belt and the soft adhesive belt are respectively: 700HV and 180HV, and the thickness is 2mm. This kind of additive manufacturing surface layer containing high wear resistance, high thermal conductivity and anti-ablation ceramic phase is suitable for surface strengthening of copper alloy rails under electromagnetic emission conditions, copper alloy slide plates in the metallurgical field, and high-speed rail brake discs, and the service life is extended by more than 2 times .

Embodiment two

The first step: powder preparation

The powder composition of the plasma beam cladding high hardness wear-resistant belt includes: 314L stainless steel powder and ceramic phase powder, the particle size of the stainless steel powder is 120 μm, the WC powder in the ceramic phase is a spherical powder with a particle size of 100 μm, and the rest are TiB ₂ , nickel clad The particle size of BN and other powders is 30-50μm;

The powder composition of laser cladding stainless steel soft adhesive tape is: 314L and other stainless steel powder, and the powder particle size is 120 μm;

The second step: powder weighing

Weigh the wear-resistant belt powder according to the mass ratio. The stainless steel powder in the wear-resistant belt powder accounts for 50%, the WC powder in the ceramic phase powder accounts for 42wt%, and the rest TiB2 accounts for 8wt%. performance, make a selection. Then dry and mix to obtain the wear-resistant belt mixed powder; meanwhile, weigh the adhesive belt powder;

Step 3: Design the trajectory of plasma beam cladding and laser cladding

Set the trajectory of the plasma generator and the laser as a wave-shaped structure according to the co-constructed shape;

Step 4: Additive Manufacturing Surface Layers

Section 4.1: First prepare the wear-resistant belt, use plasma beam swing cladding, power is 6KW, beam spot diameter is 10mm, scanning speed is 6mm/s, powder feeding amount is 12kg/h, swing width is 25mm;

Section 4.2: After plasma beam cladding, the soft adhesive tape is prepared by synchronous laser swing cladding. The power of the fiber laser is 3KW, the spot diameter is 2.8mm, the scanning speed is 5mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 8kg/h, and the swing width 10mm; between the soft adhesive tape and the wear-resistant tape, the lap overlap rate is 20%, and both plasma beam cladding and laser cladding use argon as the protective gas;

When the plasma beam cladding and laser cladding are cladding from one end to the other, they quickly move to the next wear-resistant belt and soft belt area of the workpiece to be clad respectively for cladding, and this cycle is used to obtain The complete surface layer of the soft and hard interlaced wavy structure of the first layer of additive manufacturing.

At this time, the hardness of the wear-resistant belt and the soft adhesive belt are respectively: 900HV and 200HV, and the thickness is 2mm.

Obtain an ultra-thick and high-hardness surface layer as needed, and then add material to manufacture the second layer on the basis of the first layer. At this time, it should be noted that the wear-resistant belts and soft adhesive belts of the upper and lower layers need to be staggered and cannot be overlapped. In this way, the additive manufacturing layer is also a structure of alternating hardness and softness from top to bottom. While improving strength and toughness, it can prevent penetrating cracks from top to bottom and block the transmission channel of corrosive media; secondly, according to the needs of hardness and wear resistance, in When plasma beam cladding the second layer of wear-resistant belt, 20% of stainless steel powder in the wear-resistant belt powder, 70wt% of WC powder in the ceramic phase powder, 5wt% of TiB2 powder, 5wt% of nickel-coated BN, to improve hardness, And form a gradient change, the rest is the same as the first layer, and so on, and finally reach the required thickness and hardness.

As shown in Figure 1b, the surface of the wavy structure with alternating hardness and softness in the horizontal and vertical directions is obtained. The hardness of the wear-resistant belt and the soft adhesive belt are respectively: 1100HV and 200HV, and the total thickness of the surface reinforcement layer manufactured by additive manufacturing is 5mm. This kind of additive manufacturing surface layer containing high wear-resistant and anti-friction materials is suitable for surface strengthening of dredging reamers, nuclear power drive hooks, ship propeller blades, construction machinery buckets and picks, etc., and the service life is extended by 2-4 times .

Embodiment Three

In addition to the second step: powder weighing, stainless steel powder accounts for 70wt% of the wear-resistant belt powder, WC powder accounts for 20wt% in the ceramic phase powder, TiB2 and nickel-coated BN each account for 5wt%, and the fourth step: Additive manufacturing surface In step 4.1 of the first layer, the wear-resistant belt is first prepared, and the scanning rate of the plasma beam is 8mm/s, and the powder feeding amount is 10kg/h. In step 4.2, the laser scanning rate is 5mm/s, and the powder feeding amount is 5kg/h, and the rest are implemented in the same way example one. The surface of the wavy structure with alternating soft and hard parts is obtained. The hardness of the wear-resistant belt and the soft adhesive belt are respectively: 750HV and 180HV, and the thickness of the surface reinforcement layer manufactured by additive manufacturing is 1mm. This corrosion-resistant additive manufacturing surface layer containing high wear-resistant, high thermal conductivity and ablation-resistant ceramic phases and anti-friction materials is suitable for surface strengthening of aluminum alloy and titanium alloy drill pipes on offshore platforms, engine cylinders and pistons, and has a long service life. Improve more than 2 times.

Fig. 2 is the hardness distribution and the microstructure diagram of the surface layer wear-resistant band, the overlapping area and the soft band of the additive manufacturing of the present invention, as can be seen from the figure, from the wear-resistant band to the overlapping area and then to the soft band, the hardness gradually increases Reduced, the respective hardnesses of the wear-resistant belt and the soft belt are maintained at a relatively stable state, and the hardness gradually decreases where the wear-resistant belt and the soft belt overlap. It can be seen from the microstructure diagram that although the hardness of the wear-resistant belt and the adhesive belt are different, the microstructure of the two is uniform without cracks, which shows that when the soft adhesive belt is prepared between the wear-resistant belt, not only can be heated by laser Reduce the residual stress formed by plasma cladding, and transfer the residual tensile stress of the entire surface cladding layer to the soft adhesive tape when the laser cladding soft adhesive tape is cooled. Because of its good plasticity, it can pass a small amount The deformation releases part of the tensile stress, avoiding the brittle cracks caused by the residual tensile stress in the wear-resistant zone.

The above are only a few examples of enumeration, not as a limitation to the scope of protection, especially other powders in the ceramic phase powder, although the examples only enumerate TiB2, nickel-coated BN, in order to further improve wear resistance, anti-corrosion Ablation performance, TiC, NbC, VC, Al2O3, ZrO2 can also be added to replace TiB2, so any changes or replacements that are not thought of through creative work should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope defined in the claims.

Claims (5)

1. A plasma and laser composite additive manufacturing method is characterized in that it is according to the cyclic order of first plasma beam swing cladding corrugated wear-resistant belt, and then laser swing cladding stainless steel soft adhesive tape, in The laser cladding wavy stainless steel soft adhesive tape between the wear-resistant belts forms an overlapping area between the wear-resistant belt and the stainless steel soft adhesive tape, and finally forms a complete soft-hard interlaced soft and hard joint on the working surface. A surface layer of alternate wave structure, wherein: The wear-resistant belt is composed of 304 or 314 stainless steel powder and ceramic phase powder, wherein 304 or 314L stainless steel powder accounts for (20-80) wt%, and WC powder accounts for (15-70) wt% of the ceramic phase powder %, the remaining TiB2 or/and nickel-coated BN powder account for 5-10wt%; The stainless steel soft adhesive tape is selected from the same stainless steel powder as the wear-resistant tape. 2. The additive manufacturing method of plasma and laser composite as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the widths of the wear-resistant band and the stainless steel soft adhesive band after swing cladding are respectively 15-25mm and 5- 10mm, the hardness is respectively: 700-1100HV and 180-200HV, and the thickness is 1-10mm. 3. The plasma and laser composite additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the stainless steel powder is 40-120 μm, and the ceramic phase WC powder is a spherical powder with a particle size of 45-100 μm. The particle size of TiB ₂ and nickel-coated BN powder is 30-50 μm. 4. The additive manufacturing method of plasma and laser composite as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, said TiB2 is replaced by TiC, NbC, VC, Al2O3 or/and ZrO2. 5. The plasma and laser composite additive manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the specific steps are: The first step: powder preparation The powder composition of the plasma beam cladding high hardness wear-resistant belt includes: 304 or 314L stainless steel powder powder and ceramic phase powder, the particle size of the stainless steel powder is 40-120 μm, and the WC powder in the ceramic phase is spherical powder with a particle size of 45 -100μm, the particle size of other TiB ₂ and nickel-coated BN powders is 30-50μm; The powder composition of laser cladding stainless steel soft adhesive tape is: 304 or 314L stainless steel powder powder, the powder particle size is 40-120μm; The second step: powder weighing Weigh the wear-resistant belt powder according to the mass ratio. The stainless steel powder in the wear-resistant belt powder accounts for 20-80wt%, the WC powder in the ceramic phase powder accounts for (15-70)wt%, and the rest TiB2 and nickel-coated BN powder are total accounted for 5-10wt%, then dried and mixed to obtain the wear-resistant belt mixed powder; at the same time, the stainless steel soft adhesive belt powder was weighed; Step 3: Design the trajectory of plasma beam cladding and laser cladding Set the trajectory of the plasma generator and the laser as a wave-shaped structure according to the co-constructed shape; Step 4: Additive Manufacturing Surface Layers Section 4.1: First prepare the wear-resistant belt, use plasma beam swing cladding, the power is 6KW, the beam spot diameter is 10mm, the scanning speed is 5-8 mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 10-15kg/h, and the swing width is 15 -25mm; Section 4.2: Synchronous laser swing cladding to prepare stainless steel soft adhesive tape after plasma beam swing cladding, the fiber laser power is 3KW, the spot diameter is 2.8 mm, the scanning speed is 3-5 mm/s, and the powder feeding volume is 5 -10kg/h, the swing width is 5-10mm; between the stainless steel soft adhesive tape and the wear-resistant tape, the overlapping rate is 10%-20%, and the plasma beam cladding and laser cladding are both protected by argon gas gas; When the plasma beam cladding wear-resistant belt and laser cladding stainless steel soft adhesive belt are cladding from one end to the other, then quickly move to the next area of the workpiece to be clad wear-resistant belt and stainless steel soft adhesive belt Cladding is carried out, and this cycle is used to obtain the complete surface layer of the soft and hard interlaced wave structure of the first layer of additive manufacturing; If it is necessary to obtain an ultra-thick and high-hardness surface layer, the second layer and the third layer are manufactured on the basis of the first layer. At this time, it is necessary to pay attention: the wear-resistant belts and soft belts of the upper and lower layers need to be staggered. Overlap; when plasma beam cladding the second layer and the third layer of wear-resistant belt, increase the content of ceramic phase WC, TiB ₂ and/or nickel-coated BN powder to increase hardness and form gradient changes, and the rest are the same as the first layer, By analogy, a soft and hard staggered wavy structure is finally obtained. The hardness of the wear-resistant belt and the soft adhesive belt are respectively: 700-1100HV and 180-200HV, and the thickness is 1-10mm.

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