CN114624600A - A kind of power battery cell capacity difference calculation method and computer readable storage medium - Google Patents
A kind of power battery cell capacity difference calculation method and computer readable storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及动力电池技术领域，尤其是涉及一种动力电池电芯容量差计算方法和计算机可读存储介质。The present invention relates to the technical field of power batteries, and in particular, to a method for calculating the difference in cell capacity of a power battery and a computer-readable storage medium.
背景技术Background technique
由于行业发展的迅速和人们环保意识的增强，电动汽车产业迅速发展。动力电池作为电动汽车的动力来源，其安全问题一直受到广泛关注。电池组系统中的单体电池之间存在着不一致性，复杂的使用环境使电池在运行过程中差异越来越大，导致电池系统性能的下降，加剧电池寿命衰减，甚至引发安全问题。Due to the rapid development of the industry and the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection, the electric vehicle industry has developed rapidly. As the power source of electric vehicles, the safety issue of power battery has been widely concerned. There is inconsistency among the single cells in the battery pack system, and the complex use environment makes the battery more and more different during the operation process, which leads to the decline of the performance of the battery system, aggravates the deterioration of the battery life, and even causes safety problems.
目前磷酸铁锂电池凭借其成本低、安全性能好的优势广泛应用于电动汽车产业，但由于磷酸铁锂电池特性的原因，导致很难准确计算电芯的SOC值，通过计算SOC偏差来判断电池系统中电芯的容量差的准确性并不高。At present, lithium iron phosphate batteries are widely used in the electric vehicle industry due to their low cost and good safety performance. However, due to the characteristics of lithium iron phosphate batteries, it is difficult to accurately calculate the SOC value of the battery cell, and judge the battery by calculating the SOC deviation. The accuracy of the capacity difference of the cells in the system is not high.
现有技术中主要通过计算单体电芯的SOC来计算电芯容量差，而计算SOC的方法主要有开路电压法(SOC-OCV)、安时积分法、卡尔曼滤波法、神经网络法等。开路电压需要长时间静置电池。安时积分法计算SOC累计误差会越来越大；卡尔曼滤波法、神经网络法的应用成本较高。In the prior art, the cell capacity difference is mainly calculated by calculating the SOC of a single cell, and the methods for calculating the SOC mainly include the open circuit voltage method (SOC-OCV), the ampere-hour integration method, the Kalman filter method, the neural network method, etc. . Open circuit voltage requires prolonged battery rest. The ampere-hour integration method calculates the SOC cumulative error will be larger and larger; the application cost of Kalman filter method and neural network method is relatively high.
具体的：1)采用SOC-OCV方法计算电芯的SOC值，即通过磷酸铁锂电芯电压处于非平台区的静态电压来计算最高单体电压和最低单体电压的SOC值，再计算它们的SOC偏差，即为该动力电池系统的电芯容量差；缺点是磷酸铁锂电芯电压的平台区范围较大，非平台区大多位于低SOC区间，但是大多数车辆使用时不会达到低SOC的情况；采用SOC-OCV方法需要使用静态电压，即电芯处于稳定状态的电压，一般需要电芯静置6～12h以上。这两种条件过于苛刻，很难有效进行判断电池系统的电芯容量差。2)通过锂离子电池模块充电曲线，采用sigmoid函数进行拟合，根据拟合参数计算充电SOC电压曲线拐点对应的SOC值；缺点是本质上还是通过计算电芯SOC的值来判断SOC偏差，磷酸铁锂估算SOC难度较大，其准确率与函数的拟合效果息息相关；采用函数在线拟合会占用较多内存资源。Specifically: 1) Use the SOC-OCV method to calculate the SOC value of the cell, that is, calculate the SOC value of the highest cell voltage and the lowest cell voltage by the static voltage of the lithium iron phosphate cell voltage in the non-platform region, and then calculate their The SOC deviation is the difference in the cell capacity of the power battery system; the disadvantage is that the platform area of the lithium iron phosphate cell voltage is large, and most of the non-platform areas are located in the low SOC range, but most vehicles will not reach low SOC. Situation; using the SOC-OCV method requires the use of static voltage, that is, the voltage at which the cell is in a stable state, and generally requires the cell to stand for more than 6 to 12 hours. These two conditions are too harsh, and it is difficult to effectively judge the poor cell capacity of the battery system. 2) Through the charging curve of the lithium-ion battery module, the sigmoid function is used for fitting, and the SOC value corresponding to the inflection point of the charging SOC voltage curve is calculated according to the fitting parameters; It is difficult to estimate the SOC of iron and lithium, and its accuracy is closely related to the fitting effect of the function; the online fitting of the function will occupy more memory resources.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明所要解决的技术问题如下：The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is as follows:
动力电池系统的单体电池在使用过程中容量差异越来越大，由于短板效应，这种情况会导致电池系统性能的下降，加剧电池寿命衰减，甚至引发安全问题；The capacity difference of the single cells of the power battery system becomes larger and larger during use. Due to the short-board effect, this situation will lead to the decline of the performance of the battery system, aggravate the decline of battery life, and even cause safety problems;
传统判断电芯之间的容量差的方法是计算各个单体电池的SOC值，再计算它们的SOC偏差获得容量差。但由于磷酸铁锂电芯的特性原因(其平台区范围较大)，导致计算其SOC一直是电池技术领域的一个难点。因此通过计算SOC值来判断电池系统的电芯容量差准确性并不高。The traditional method for judging the capacity difference between cells is to calculate the SOC value of each single cell, and then calculate their SOC deviation to obtain the capacity difference. However, due to the characteristics of lithium iron phosphate cells (the platform area is large), calculating its SOC has always been a difficulty in the field of battery technology. Therefore, the accuracy of judging the cell capacity difference of the battery system by calculating the SOC value is not high.
针对上述问题本发明提供一种动力电池电芯容量差计算方法和计算机可读存储介质，仅需根据充电时电池温度进行代入公式计算获取拐点电压值，算法复杂度小，且无需计算电芯SOC值，更适用于电池大数据中的大批量计算及分析。In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a power battery cell capacity difference calculation method and a computer-readable storage medium, which only need to calculate the inflection point voltage value by substituting the formula according to the battery temperature during charging, with low algorithm complexity and no need to calculate the cell SOC It is more suitable for large-scale calculation and analysis in battery big data.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种动力电池电芯容量差计算方法，包括以下步骤：A power battery cell capacity difference calculation method, comprising the following steps:
S1、获取车辆上报的电池数据；S1. Obtain the battery data reported by the vehicle;
S2、截取车辆的充电数据；S2. Intercept the charging data of the vehicle;
S3、将电池平均温度代入拐点电压公式获取该温度下的充电曲线拐点电压；S3. Substitute the average temperature of the battery into the inflection point voltage formula to obtain the inflection point voltage of the charging curve at this temperature;
S4、获取单体最高电压和单体最低电压先后到达拐点电压时对应的车机时间；S4. Obtain the vehicle time corresponding to the time when the highest voltage of the cell and the lowest voltage of the cell reach the inflection point voltage successively;
S5、结合电流数据计算该时间差内电池系统的充电量，即为电池系统的电芯容量差。S5. Calculate the charge amount of the battery system within the time difference in combination with the current data, which is the difference in cell capacity of the battery system.
本发明通过筛选车辆充电数据计算电池系统的电芯容量差，不用考虑车辆的剩余容量达到低SOC区间，也不用考虑需要静态电压来进行判断。仅需要通过车辆充电行为，即可通过车辆的充电数据来计算电池系统中电芯容量差。大大降低了计算电芯间容量差的门槛。The present invention calculates the cell capacity difference of the battery system by screening the vehicle charging data, without considering whether the remaining capacity of the vehicle reaches the low SOC range or the need for static voltage to make judgment. The difference in cell capacity in the battery system can be calculated from the charging data of the vehicle only through the charging behavior of the vehicle. It greatly reduces the threshold for calculating the capacity difference between cells.
本发明虽然也是通过车辆充电数据进行计算，但是本质与背景技术中描述的两个方案并不一样，本发明不需要计算电芯SOC的值，所以不用考虑电芯SOC的估算偏差。同时，采用sigmoid函数进行拟合根据拟合参数计算拐点信息则需要对每个电池系统的充电曲线使用函数进行在线拟合，会占用极大的内存资源，不适合大批量计算。本发明仅需根据充电时电池温度进行代入公式计算获取拐点电压值，算法复杂度远远更小。更加适用于电池大数据中的大批量计算及分析。Although the present invention also performs calculation based on vehicle charging data, the essence is different from the two solutions described in the background art. The present invention does not need to calculate the value of cell SOC, so the estimation deviation of cell SOC does not need to be considered. At the same time, using the sigmoid function for fitting to calculate the inflection point information according to the fitting parameters requires online fitting of the charging curve of each battery system using a function, which will occupy a lot of memory resources and is not suitable for large-scale calculations. The present invention only needs to calculate the inflection point voltage value by substituting the formula according to the battery temperature during charging, and the algorithm complexity is much smaller. It is more suitable for large-scale calculation and analysis in battery big data.
作为优选，S1中所述的电池数据包括以下信号：单体最高电压、单体最低电压、SOC、电流、车机时间、平均温度和充电状态。Preferably, the battery data described in S1 includes the following signals: the highest voltage of the cell, the lowest voltage of the cell, SOC, current, vehicle time, average temperature and state of charge.
作为优选，所述的S1包括以下内容：Preferably, the S1 includes the following:
通过计算机程序采用查询数据库的方式获取车辆上报至云端的电池数据；Obtain the battery data reported by the vehicle to the cloud by querying the database through a computer program;
所述的车辆的动力电池系统采用的电芯为磷酸铁锂电芯。The batteries used in the power battery system of the vehicle are lithium iron phosphate batteries.
作为优选，所述的S2包括以下内容：Preferably, the S2 includes the following:
从S1中获取的车辆数据中，截取车辆SOC在(45％，80％)区间的充电数据；From the vehicle data obtained in S1, intercept the charging data of the vehicle SOC in the (45%, 80%) interval;
所述的充电数据需要满足以下条件：The charging data needs to meet the following conditions:
条件1：车辆充电的SOC起始点小于45％，车辆充电SOC终止点大于80％，若满足条件则截取，不满足则返回S1；Condition 1: The SOC starting point of vehicle charging is less than 45%, and the SOC ending point of vehicle charging is greater than 80%. If the condition is satisfied, intercept it, and return to S1 if not satisfied;
条件2：所述的车辆充电采用慢充充电，所述的慢充充电方式采用恒流充电；Condition 2: the vehicle charging adopts slow charging, and the slow charging method adopts constant current charging;
条件3：电池的充电数据包括：单体最高电压、单体最低电压、SOC、电流、车机时间、电池平均温度。Condition 3: The charging data of the battery includes: the highest voltage of the cell, the lowest voltage of the cell, SOC, current, vehicle time, and average battery temperature.
作为优选，所述的S3包括以下内容：Preferably, the S3 includes the following:
在S2截取到车辆数据后，获得当SOC＝45％时电池平均温度值，将平均温度值代入拐点电压公式获得改温度下的拐点电压。After the vehicle data is intercepted in S2, the average temperature value of the battery when SOC=45% is obtained, and the average temperature value is substituted into the inflection point voltage formula to obtain the inflection point voltage at the changed temperature.
作为优选，所述的拐点电压公式为y＝ax2+bx+c，Preferably, the inflection point voltage formula is y=ax 2 +bx+c,
其中，x为平均温度，y为拐点电压，a、b、c为拐点电压系数。Among them, x is the average temperature, y is the inflection point voltage, and a, b, and c are the inflection point voltage coefficients.
作为优选，所述的S4包括以下内容：Preferably, the S4 includes the following:
在S3获取到拐点电压值后，查找单体最高电压最早达到拐点电压的时间，记为t1，同理，查找单体最低电压最早到达拐点电压时对应的车机时间，记为t2。After obtaining the inflection point voltage value in S3, find the time when the highest voltage of the single cell reaches the inflection point voltage at the earliest, and record it as t1. Similarly, find the time corresponding to the vehicle engine when the lowest voltage of the cell reaches the inflection point voltage at the earliest, and record it as t2.
作为优选，所述的S5包括以下内容：Preferably, the S5 includes the following:
在S4获取到单体最高电压最早达到拐点电压的车机时间t1和单体最低电压最早达到拐点电压的车机时间t2后，结合t1、t2时间段内的电流值进行积分操作，获得该时间段内的电池系统充电量，再除以电池系统额定容量，得到电芯容量差。After obtaining the vehicle time t1 at which the highest voltage of the single cell reaches the inflection point voltage at the earliest and the vehicle engine time t2 at which the lowest voltage of the single cell reaches the inflection point voltage at the earliest in S4, integrate the current values in the time periods of t1 and t2 to obtain the time The charge capacity of the battery system in the segment is divided by the rated capacity of the battery system to obtain the cell capacity difference.
作为优选，所述的电芯容量差采用以下公式计算：Preferably, the cell capacity difference is calculated using the following formula:
其中，Ce为电池系统的额定容量，t2为最低单体电压到达拐点电压对应的时间，t1为最高单体电压到达拐点电压对应的时间，I为电池电流。Among them, Ce is the rated capacity of the battery system, t2 is the time corresponding to the lowest cell voltage reaching the inflection point voltage, t1 is the time corresponding to the highest cell voltage reaching the inflection point voltage, and I is the battery current.
一种计算机可读存储介质，采用上述方法，所述的计算机可读存储介质，存储有计算机程序，通过所述的计算机程序，实现电芯容量差的计算。A computer-readable storage medium adopts the above method, the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the calculation of the difference in cell capacity is realized by the computer program.
因此，本发明具有如下有益效果：本发明不通过估算电芯的SOC判断电芯容量差，无需考虑SOC估算偏差，仅需要车辆进行一次符合条件的充电便可以计算，结果准确；通过车辆充电曲线，计算电芯到达充电曲线拐点时的时间差，再根据时间差计算出电芯之间的容量差，算法复杂度低，节约内存资源，且无需苛刻条件即可完成计算，普适性更高，更适用于大数据的大批量计算和分析。Therefore, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention does not judge the capacity difference of the battery cell by estimating the SOC of the battery cell, does not need to consider the SOC estimation deviation, only needs the vehicle to perform a qualified charging to calculate the result, and the result is accurate; , calculate the time difference when the cells reach the inflection point of the charging curve, and then calculate the capacity difference between the cells according to the time difference. The algorithm has low complexity, saves memory resources, and can complete the calculation without harsh conditions. Suitable for high-volume computing and analysis of big data.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的流程图。Figure 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
图2是SOC在0％-100％不同温度下的电芯充电曲线。Figure 2 is the cell charging curve of SOC at different temperatures from 0% to 100%.
图3是SOC在45％-80％不同温度下的电芯充电曲线。Figure 3 is the cell charging curve of SOC at different temperatures from 45% to 80%.
图4是不同温度下的拐点电压曲线。Figure 4 is the inflection point voltage curve at different temperatures.
图5是部分数据曲线。Figure 5 is a partial data curve.
图6是车辆电芯充电曲线。Figure 6 is a vehicle battery cell charging curve.
图中：a代表温度为10度，b代表温度为20度，c代表温度为35度。In the figure: a represents a temperature of 10 degrees, b represents a temperature of 20 degrees, and c represents a temperature of 35 degrees.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的描述。The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例：Example:
目前计算电池系统电芯的容量差主要通过判断电芯的SOC来计算，但是磷酸铁锂电池特性的原因，计算电芯的SOC会存在较大误差。若采用SOC-OCV方法计算电芯SOC在一定程度上可以减小计算误差，但是条件过于苛刻，需要电池电压处于非平台区且处于稳定状态(需静置较长时间)。若采用其他方法，比如函数拟合方法，这种方法会占用过多的内存资源，不适用于大批量车辆的大数据分析。At present, the capacity difference of cells in the battery system is mainly calculated by judging the SOC of the cells. However, due to the characteristics of lithium iron phosphate batteries, there will be a large error in calculating the SOC of the cells. If the SOC-OCV method is used to calculate the SOC of the battery cell, the calculation error can be reduced to a certain extent, but the conditions are too harsh, and the battery voltage needs to be in the non-platform region and in a stable state (it needs to stand for a long time). If other methods are used, such as function fitting method, this method will occupy too much memory resources and is not suitable for big data analysis of large-scale vehicles.
因此，本发实施例采用截取车辆充电曲线，通过判断计算最高单体电压和最低单体电压到达充电曲线拐点时的时间差，计算出电芯容量差。该方法算法复杂度低，适用于电池大数据分析、监测和一致性异常问题快速定量分析Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the charging curve of the vehicle is intercepted, and the difference in cell capacity is calculated by judging and calculating the time difference when the highest cell voltage and the lowest cell voltage reach the inflection point of the charging curve. This method has low algorithm complexity and is suitable for rapid quantitative analysis of battery big data analysis, monitoring and consistency anomalies.
具体的，本实施例提供了一种动力电池电芯容量差计算方法，如图1所示，包括以下步骤：Specifically, this embodiment provides a power battery cell capacity difference calculation method, as shown in FIG. 1 , including the following steps:
步骤1：获得某天A车辆的动力系统数据，包括以下信号：最高单体电压、最低单体电压、SOC、电池电流、车机时间、电池平均温度、充电状态。Step 1: Obtain the power system data of vehicle A on a certain day, including the following signals: the highest cell voltage, the lowest cell voltage, SOC, battery current, vehicle time, battery average temperature, and state of charge.
部分数据曲线如图5所示，其中Vmax为最高单体电压，Vmin为最低单体电压，SOC代表SOC曲线，部分时间下的数据表如表格1所示：Part of the data curve is shown in Figure 5, where Vmax is the highest cell voltage, Vmin is the lowest cell voltage, SOC represents the SOC curve, and the data table under part of the time is shown in Table 1:
表格1Table 1
步骤2：截取车辆的充电数据(SOC 45％-80％)Step 2: Intercept the charging data of the vehicle (SOC 45%-80%)
从获得的车辆电池数据中，截取车辆的充电数据(SOC 45％-80％)，电池的充电数据包括最高单体电压、最低单体电压、SOC、电池电流、车机时间、电池平均温度。From the obtained vehicle battery data, intercept the vehicle charging data (SOC 45%-80%). The battery charging data includes the highest cell voltage, the lowest cell voltage, SOC, battery current, vehicle time, and average battery temperature.
步骤3：在步骤2截取到车辆的充电数据后，获得当SOC＝45％时电池平均温度值为24℃。将该值代入拐点电压公式获得该温度下的拐点电压为3358mV。其中拐点电压公式为：y＝0.0373x2-2.52x+3396.5。Step 3: After the charging data of the vehicle is intercepted in Step 2, the average temperature of the battery is 24°C when the SOC=45%. Substitute this value into the knee voltage formula to obtain a knee voltage of 3358mV at this temperature. The inflection point voltage formula is: y=0.0373x 2 -2.52x+3396.5.
步骤4：查找最高单体电压和最低单体电压到达拐点电压3358mv的车机时间，记为t1,t2，如图6所示，图中Vmax为最高单体电压，Vmin为最低单体电压，最高单体电压和最低单体电压的电芯充电曲线上各有一个拐点。Step 4: Find the time when the highest cell voltage and the lowest cell voltage reach the inflection point voltage of 3358mv, denoted as t1, t2, as shown in Figure 6, where Vmax is the highest cell voltage, Vmin is the lowest cell voltage, There is an inflection point on each of the cell charging curves for the highest cell voltage and the lowest cell voltage.
步骤5：结合电流数据计算该时间差内电池系统的充电量，即为电池系统的电芯之间的容量差；Step 5: Calculate the charging amount of the battery system within the time difference in combination with the current data, which is the capacity difference between the cells of the battery system;
具体的计算公式为：The specific calculation formula is:
其中，Ce为电池系统的额定容量，本实施例中额定容量为104Ah；t2为最单体最低电压到达拐点电压对应的时间；t1为单体最高电压到达拐点电压对应的时间，I为电池电流。Among them, Ce is the rated capacity of the battery system, in this embodiment, the rated capacity is 104Ah; t2 is the time corresponding to the lowest cell voltage reaching the inflection point voltage; t1 is the time corresponding to the highest cell voltage reaching the inflection point voltage, and I is the battery current .
将t1、t2代入公式，结合电流数据计算这段时间内充入的安时量再除以电池的容量104Ah即可求出容量差。Substitute t1 and t2 into the formula, and combine the current data to calculate the amount of ampere-hour charged during this period and divide it by the battery capacity of 104Ah to obtain the capacity difference.
求得：Get:
△SOC＝13.6％△SOC=13.6%
最终容量差为13.6％。The final capacity difference was 13.6%.
因此，本发明仅通过数据采集、截取车辆充电曲线即可实现电芯容量差的计算，无需苛刻的前置条件，也不用计算电芯SOC，省去了因此带来的多种误差，最终计算过程快速，节约内存资源，还可以大批量实现，算法复杂度低，计算准确度高。Therefore, the present invention can realize the calculation of cell capacity difference only through data collection and interception of the vehicle charging curve, without harsh preconditions, and without calculating the SOC of the cell, thus eliminating various errors caused thereby, and the final calculation The process is fast, saves memory resources, and can be implemented in large batches, with low algorithm complexity and high calculation accuracy.
本实施例还相应的提供一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，通过所述计算机程序，实现任意一项所述方法的步骤。This embodiment also correspondingly provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and any one of the steps of the method is implemented by the computer program.
上述实施例的描述中，电芯容量差，也可以理解为电芯SOC偏差。同类用词的改变不影响对于技术方案和保护范围的认定。In the description of the above embodiment, the difference in cell capacity can also be understood as the deviation of the SOC of the cell. Changes in similar terms do not affect the determination of the technical solution and the scope of protection.
上述实施例对本发明的具体描述，只用于对本发明进行进一步说明，不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限定，本领域的技术工程师根据上述发明的内容对本发明作出一些非本质的改进和调整均落入本发明的保护范围内。The specific description of the present invention in the above embodiments is only used to further illustrate the present invention, and should not be construed as a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Some non-essential improvements and adjustments made to the present invention by technical engineers in the field according to the content of the above invention are all into the protection scope of the present invention.
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