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CN114615750B - Uplink authorization method and device, and computer storable medium - Google Patents

Uplink authorization method and device, and computer storable medium Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114615750B
CN114615750B CN202210384693.3A CN202210384693A CN114615750B CN 114615750 B CN114615750 B CN 114615750B CN 202210384693 A CN202210384693 A CN 202210384693A CN 114615750 B CN114615750 B CN 114615750B
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terminal
terminals
associated terminal
candidate associated
candidate
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CN114615750A (en
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赵勇
胡春雷
谢伟良
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China Telecom Corp Ltd
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China Telecom Corp Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00Local resource management
    • H04W72/12Wireless traffic scheduling
    • H04W72/1221Wireless traffic scheduling based on age of data to be sent
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00Local resource management
    • H04W72/12Wireless traffic scheduling
    • H04W72/121Wireless traffic scheduling for groups of terminals or users
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00Local resource management
    • H04W72/20Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

本公开涉及上行授权方法及装置、计算机可存储介质,涉及通信技术领域。上行授权方法包括:响应于接收来自当前终端的调度请求消息,确定与所述当前终端属于同一关联组的终端,作为候选关联终端,其中,同一关联组内的终端具有关联性;从所述候选关联终端中,选择目标关联终端;同时向所述当前终端和所述目标关联终端发送相应的上行授权消息。根据本公开,可以提高上行授权效率,减少上行业务数据发送时延。

The present disclosure relates to an uplink authorization method and device, a computer storable medium, and the field of communication technology. The uplink authorization method includes: in response to receiving a scheduling request message from a current terminal, determining a terminal belonging to the same association group as the current terminal as a candidate association terminal, wherein the terminals in the same association group have association; selecting a target association terminal from the candidate association terminals; and simultaneously sending corresponding uplink authorization messages to the current terminal and the target association terminal. According to the present disclosure, the uplink authorization efficiency can be improved and the uplink service data transmission delay can be reduced.

Description

Uplink authorization method and device and computer storage medium
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to an uplink authorization method and device, and a computer storage medium.
Background
In the related art, in uplink traffic scheduling process of 4G and 5G networks, when a terminal has a data transmission requirement, a scheduling request (Scheduling Request, SR) message is sent to a base station to request to send uplink data resources, and after receiving the SR message, the base station sends an uplink grant message to the terminal to respond to the SR message of the terminal
To avoid uplink interference and congestion, the base station randomly configures different SR transmission offsets for the terminal. That is, the base station randomly configures the terminal with different times for transmitting the SR message to the base station.
Disclosure of Invention
In the related art, because the base station randomly configures different times for sending the scheduling request message to the base station for the terminal, the sequence of sending the SR message by the terminal is not consistent with the actual sequence of the uplink service data reaching the terminal. Based on this, the related art may cause uplink traffic data transmission requirements generated in advance, and due to different SR offsets, the actual transmission sequence of the SR messages may be delayed, and the sequence of the terminal receiving the uplink grant messages is also delayed, which further results in low uplink grant efficiency and long uplink traffic data transmission delay.
Aiming at the technical problems, the present disclosure provides a solution, which can improve uplink authorization efficiency and reduce uplink service data transmission delay.
According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an uplink grant method, including determining, in response to receiving a scheduling request message from a current terminal, a terminal belonging to a same association group as the current terminal as a candidate associated terminal, where terminals in the same association group have an association, selecting a target associated terminal from the candidate associated terminals, and simultaneously transmitting corresponding uplink grant messages to the current terminal and the target associated terminal.
In some embodiments, selecting the target associated terminal includes selecting the target associated terminal from the candidate associated terminals according to at least one of a time at which the candidate associated terminal transmits its corresponding scheduling request message and characteristic information of the candidate associated terminal.
In some embodiments, selecting the target associated terminal from the candidate associated terminals according to at least one of the time of sending the corresponding scheduling request message by the candidate associated terminal and the characteristic information of the candidate associated terminal comprises selecting the candidate associated terminal with the time of sending the scheduling request message later than the current time as the target associated terminal.
In some embodiments, selecting the target associated terminal from the candidate associated terminals according to at least one of the time of sending the corresponding scheduling request message by the candidate associated terminal and the characteristic information of the candidate associated terminal comprises selecting the candidate associated terminal with the time of sending the scheduling request message later than the current time and the time interval with the current time being greater than the preset time interval as the target associated terminal.
In some embodiments, the characteristic information of the candidate associated terminal comprises the priority of the candidate associated terminal, and selecting the target associated terminal from the candidate associated terminals according to at least one of the time of sending the corresponding scheduling request message by the candidate associated terminal and the characteristic information of the candidate associated terminal comprises selecting the candidate associated terminal with the time of sending the scheduling request message later than the current time and the priority higher than the preset priority as the target associated terminal.
In some embodiments, the uplink authorization method further includes dividing the plurality of terminals into one or more association groups according to at least one of functions, geographic locations and service features of the plurality of terminals, wherein terminals in the same association group have relevance in at least one aspect of functions, geographic locations and service features.
In some embodiments, partitioning the plurality of terminals into one or more association groups according to at least one of functionality, geographic locations, and business characteristics of the plurality of terminals includes partitioning terminals that satisfy at least one of the conditions of identical functionality, a distance between geographic locations less than a distance threshold, and a similarity between business characteristics less than a similarity threshold, into the same association group.
In some embodiments, determining the terminal belonging to the same association group as the current terminal includes determining an association group in which the current terminal is located, and determining other terminals in the association group in which the current terminal is located as the candidate associated terminal.
In some embodiments, the uplink grant method is performed by a base station.
According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an uplink grant device, including a determining module configured to determine, in response to receiving a scheduling request message from a current terminal, terminals belonging to a same association group as the current terminal as candidate associated terminals, where terminals within the same association group have an association, a selecting module configured to select a target associated terminal from the candidate associated terminals, and a transmitting module configured to simultaneously transmit corresponding uplink grant messages to the current terminal and the target associated terminal.
According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an uplink grant device, including a memory, and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to execute the uplink grant method according to any one of the above embodiments based on instructions stored in the memory.
According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement an upstream authorization method according to any of the embodiments described above.
In the embodiment, the uplink authorization efficiency can be improved, and the uplink service data transmission time delay can be reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
The disclosure may be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating an uplink grant method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating associative group partitioning according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an uplink grant method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an uplink grant method according to further embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an uplink grant method according to further embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an upstream authorization device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an uplink grant device according to further embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a computer system for implementing some embodiments of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present disclosure unless it is specifically stated otherwise.
Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual scale for convenience of description.
The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the disclosure, its application, or uses.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.
In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further discussion thereof is necessary in subsequent figures.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating an uplink grant method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
As shown in FIG. 1, the uplink grant method includes a step S110 of determining terminals belonging to the same association group as the current terminal as candidate associated terminals in response to receiving a scheduling request message from the current terminal, a step S120 of selecting a target associated terminal from the candidate associated terminals, and a step S130 of simultaneously transmitting corresponding uplink grant messages to the current terminal and the target associated terminal. Terminals within the same association group have an association. For example, an uplink grant message corresponding to the current terminal is sent to the current terminal, and an uplink grant message corresponding to the target associated terminal is simultaneously sent to the target associated terminal. In some embodiments, the uplink grant method is performed by the base station.
In the above embodiment, by selecting the target associated terminal from the terminals belonging to the same association group as the current terminal and simultaneously sending the corresponding uplink grant message to the current terminal and the target associated terminal, the time for the target associated terminal to receive the uplink grant message is advanced, so that the uplink grant efficiency is improved, and the uplink service data sending delay is reduced.
In step S110, in response to receiving the scheduling request message from the current terminal, a terminal belonging to the same association group as the current terminal is determined as a candidate associated terminal. Terminals within the same association group have an association.
In some embodiments, determining that the current terminal belongs to the same association group of terminals may be implemented as candidate associated terminals as follows.
First, an association group in which the current terminal is located is determined.
And then, determining other terminals in the association group where the current terminal is located as candidate associated terminals.
In some embodiments, the uplink grant method further includes the following steps. Before receiving the scheduling request message from the current terminal, the plurality of terminals are divided into one or more association groups according to at least one of functions, geographical locations and service characteristics of the plurality of terminals. Terminals within the same association group have an association in at least one of function, geographic location, and business characteristics. The plurality of terminals are, for example, terminals in a 4G network or a 5G network. The plurality of terminals includes a current terminal.
In some embodiments, terminals that satisfy at least one of the conditions of identical functions, distances between geographic locations less than a distance threshold, and similarities between business features less than a similarity threshold may be partitioned into the same association group.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating association group partitioning according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 2, a plurality of terminals UE11, UE12, UE21-UE29 are divided into three association groups. The three association groups include a first association group, a second association group, and a third association group.
In some embodiments, both UE11 and UE12 are control terminals, i.e. have control functions. UEs 11, 12 are divided into a first association group. The first association is for example referred to as a control association.
In some embodiments, the UEs 21-25 are forwarding terminals, i.e. have forwarding functionality. UEs 21-25 are divided into a second association group. The second association is for example referred to as forwarding association 1.
In some embodiments, the UEs 26-29 are forwarding terminals, and are divided into a third association group. The third association is for example referred to as forwarding association 2.
Returning to fig. 1, in step S120, a target associated terminal is selected from among candidate associated terminals.
In some embodiments, the target associated terminal is selected from the candidate associated terminals according to at least one of the time at which the candidate associated terminal transmits its corresponding scheduling request message and the characteristic information of the candidate associated terminal. For example, the feature information of the candidate associated terminal is attribute feature information. In some embodiments, the attribute characteristic information of the candidate associated terminal includes a priority of the candidate associated terminal, and the like.
In some embodiments, selecting the target associated terminal from the candidate associated terminals may be performed according to at least one of a time at which the candidate associated terminal transmits its corresponding scheduling request message and characteristic information of the candidate associated terminal. And selecting the candidate associated terminal with the time of sending the scheduling request message later than the current time as a target associated terminal.
In some embodiments, selecting the target associated terminal from the candidate associated terminals may also be implemented according to at least one of a time when the candidate associated terminal transmits its corresponding scheduling request message and characteristic information of the candidate associated terminal. And selecting a candidate associated terminal with the time of sending the scheduling request message being later than the current time and the time interval between the candidate associated terminal and the current time being greater than a preset time interval as a target associated terminal.
In some embodiments, selecting the target associated terminal from the candidate associated terminals may also be implemented according to at least one of a time when the candidate associated terminal transmits its corresponding scheduling request message and characteristic information of the candidate associated terminal. And selecting the candidate associated terminal with the time of sending the scheduling request message later than the current time and the priority higher than the preset priority as the target associated terminal.
In step S130, corresponding uplink grant messages are sent to the current terminal and the target associated terminal at the same time.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an uplink grant method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
In some embodiments, after receiving the scheduling request message of any terminal in the association group, the base station sends uplink grant information to all associated terminals in the group. The scheduling request message is denoted SR.
For example, UE1, UE2 and UE3 are in the same associated terminal group. As shown in fig. 3, uplink data ULData1, ULData2, and ULData of UE1, UE2, and UE3 reach the terminal at times t1, t2, and t3, respectively.
Taking the example that the UE2 sends the SR2 first at t4, after receiving the SR2 of the UE2, the base station determines that the UE1 and the UE3 are in the same association terminal group with the UE2, and the SR sending time (t 6 and t 7) of the UE1 and the UE3 has not come yet. The base station transmits an uplink Grant message UL Grant2 to UE2 at t5, and simultaneously transmits uplink Grant messages UL Grant1 and UL Grant3 to UE1 and UE3, respectively.
In the above embodiment, UE1 and UE3 receive respective uplink grant messages in advance, which reduces the data transmission delay compared with the conventional flow of continuing to wait for SR. For example, the time delay for UE1 to receive the uplink grant is reduced (t 8-t 5), and the time delay for UE3 to receive the uplink grant is reduced (t 9-t 5).
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an uplink grant method according to further embodiments of the present disclosure.
In some embodiments, after receiving the scheduling request message of any terminal in the association group, the base station selectively sends uplink grant information to the associated terminal in the group based on a preset condition.
Taking UE1, UE2 and UE3 as an example of the same association terminal group, uplink data ULData1, ULData2 and ULData of UE1, UE2 and UE3 reach the terminals at times t1, t2 and t3, respectively.
Taking the example that the UE2 sends the SR2 first at T4, after the base station receives the SR2 of the UE2, it is determined that UE1 and UE3 are in the same association terminal group with the UE2, and the base station determines that during a time interval T after T5 sends the uplink Grant message UL Grant2 to the UE2, the UE1 will send the SR1 at T6, and the SR3 sending time T7 of the UE3 is outside the time interval T.
The base station transmits an uplink Grant message UL Grant2 to UE2 at t5, and simultaneously transmits UL Grant3 to UE 3.
In the above embodiment, the UE3 receives the uplink grant in advance, and reduces the data transmission delay compared with the conventional flow of continuing to wait for the SR. The delay in the reception of the uplink grant by the UE3 decreases (t 9-t 5). UE1 continues to wait and sends SR1 at t 6.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an uplink grant method according to further embodiments of the present disclosure.
In some embodiments, after receiving the SR information of any terminal in the association group, the base station selectively sends uplink grant information to the associated terminal in the group based on the characteristic information of the associated terminal.
Taking UE1, UE2 and UE3 in the same association terminal group as an example, uplink data of UE1, UE2 and UE3 reach the terminal at times t1, t2 and t3 respectively.
Taking the example that the UE2 sends the SR2 first at t4, after the base station receives the SR2 of the UE2, it is determined that the UE1 and the UE3 are in the same association terminal group with the UE2, and the SR sending time (t 6 and t 7) of the UE1 and the UE3 has not come yet, but the priority of the UE3 is high, and the priority of the UE1 is low. In this case, the base station transmits an uplink Grant UL Grant2 to UE2 and simultaneously transmits UL Grant3 to UE3 at t 5.
In the above embodiment, the UE3 receives the uplink grant in advance, and reduces the data transmission delay compared with the conventional flow of continuing to wait for the SR. The delay in the reception of the uplink grant by the UE3 decreases (t 9-t 5). UE1 continues to wait and sends SR1 at t 6.
Fig. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an upstream authorization device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 6, the uplink grant device 6 includes a determination module 61, a selection module 62, and a transmission module 63.
The determining module 61 is configured to determine, as candidate associated terminals, terminals belonging to the same association group as the current terminal in response to receiving the scheduling request message from the current terminal, wherein terminals within the same association group have an association, for example, to perform step S110 shown in fig. 1.
The selection module 62 is configured to select a target associated terminal from the candidate associated terminals, for example, to perform step S120 shown in fig. 1.
The sending module 63 is configured to send corresponding uplink grant messages to the current terminal and the target associated terminal simultaneously, for example, to perform step S130 shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an uplink grant device according to further embodiments of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 7, the data transmission device 7 includes a memory 71, and a processor 72 coupled to the memory 71. The memory 71 is used for storing instructions for executing the corresponding embodiments of the uplink grant method. The processor 72 is configured to perform the upstream authorization method in any of the embodiments of the present disclosure based on instructions stored in the memory 71.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a computer system for implementing some embodiments of the present disclosure.
As shown in FIG. 8, computer system 80 may be in the form of a general purpose computing device. Computer system 80 includes a memory 810, a processor 820, and a bus 800 that connects the various system components.
Memory 810 may include, for example, system memory, non-volatile storage media, and the like. The system memory stores, for example, an operating system, application programs, boot Loader (Boot Loader), and other programs. The system memory may include volatile storage media, such as Random Access Memory (RAM) and/or cache memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores, for example, instructions for performing a corresponding embodiment of at least one of the upstream authorization methods. Non-volatile storage media include, but are not limited to, disk storage, optical storage, flash memory, and the like.
Processor 820 may be implemented as discrete hardware components such as a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gates or transistors, and the like. Accordingly, each of the modules, such as the judgment module and the determination module, may be implemented by a Central Processing Unit (CPU) executing instructions of the corresponding steps in the memory, or may be implemented by a dedicated circuit that performs the corresponding steps.
Bus 800 may employ any of a variety of bus architectures. For example, bus structures include, but are not limited to, an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, and a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus.
Computer system 80 may also include an input-output interface 830, a network interface 840, a storage interface 850, and the like. These interfaces 830, 840, 850 and the memory 810 and the processor 820 may be connected by a bus 800. The input output interface 830 may provide a connection interface for input output devices such as a display, mouse, keyboard, etc. The network interface 840 provides a connection interface for various networking devices. The storage interface 850 provides a connection interface for external storage devices such as a floppy disk, a USB flash disk, an SD card, and the like.
Various aspects of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus and computer program products according to embodiments of the disclosure. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer readable program instructions.
These computer-readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The present disclosure may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects.
By the uplink authorization method, the device and the computer storage medium in the embodiment, anonymity is increased, uplink authorization efficiency can be improved, and uplink service data transmission time delay is reduced.
Up-link authorization method and apparatus, computer-readable storage medium according to the present disclosure have been described in detail so far. In order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the present disclosure, some details known in the art are not described. How to implement the solutions disclosed herein will be fully apparent to those skilled in the art from the above description.

Claims (10)

1. An uplink grant method, comprising:
dividing a plurality of terminals into one or more association groups according to at least one of functions, geographic positions and service characteristics of the plurality of terminals, wherein the terminals in the same association group have relevance in at least one aspect of the functions, the geographic positions and the service characteristics;
responding to a scheduling request message received from a current terminal, and determining terminals belonging to the same association group with the current terminal as candidate associated terminals, wherein the terminals in the same association group have association;
Selecting a target associated terminal from the candidate associated terminals according to the time of sending the corresponding scheduling request message by the candidate associated terminal and the characteristic information of the candidate associated terminal, wherein the characteristic information of the candidate associated terminal comprises the priority of the candidate associated terminal;
and simultaneously, sending corresponding uplink authorization messages to the current terminal and the target associated terminal.
2. The uplink grant method of claim 1, wherein selecting a target associated terminal from the candidate associated terminals according to a time when the candidate associated terminal transmits its corresponding scheduling request message and characteristic information of the candidate associated terminal comprises:
And selecting the candidate associated terminal with the time of sending the scheduling request message later than the current time as a target associated terminal.
3. The uplink grant method of claim 1, wherein selecting a target associated terminal from the candidate associated terminals according to a time when the candidate associated terminal transmits its corresponding scheduling request message and characteristic information of the candidate associated terminal comprises:
And selecting a candidate associated terminal with the time of sending the scheduling request message being later than the current time and the time interval between the candidate associated terminal and the current time being greater than a preset time interval as a target associated terminal.
4. The uplink grant method of claim 1, wherein selecting a target associated terminal from the candidate associated terminals according to a time when the candidate associated terminal transmits its corresponding scheduling request message and characteristic information of the candidate associated terminal comprises:
and selecting the candidate associated terminal with the time of sending the scheduling request message later than the current time and the priority higher than the preset priority as the target associated terminal.
5. The uplink grant method of claim 1, wherein dividing the plurality of terminals into one or more association groups according to at least one of functions, geographical locations, and traffic characteristics of the plurality of terminals comprises:
Terminals satisfying at least one of the conditions that the functions are the same, the distance between the geographic positions is smaller than a distance threshold value and the similarity between the service features is smaller than a similarity threshold value are divided into the same association group.
6. The uplink grant method of claim 1, wherein determining terminals belonging to the same association group as the current terminal comprises:
Determining an association group of the current terminal;
and determining other terminals in the association group where the current terminal is located as the candidate associated terminal.
7. The uplink grant method of claim 1, wherein the uplink grant method is performed by a base station.
8. An uplink grant device, comprising:
A determining module configured to divide a plurality of terminals into one or more association groups according to at least one of functions, geographic positions and service characteristics of the plurality of terminals, wherein terminals in the same association group have an association in at least one aspect of functions, geographic positions and service characteristics;
A selection module configured to select a target associated terminal from the candidate associated terminals, including selecting a target associated terminal from the candidate associated terminals according to the time when the candidate associated terminal transmits its corresponding scheduling request message and the characteristic information of the candidate associated terminal, wherein the characteristic information of the candidate associated terminal includes the priority of the candidate associated terminal;
and the sending module is configured to send corresponding uplink authorization messages to the current terminal and the target associated terminal at the same time.
9. An uplink grant device, comprising:
Memory, and
A processor coupled to the memory, the processor configured to perform the upstream grant method of any one of claims 1 to 7 based on instructions stored in the memory.
10. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the upstream authorization method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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