CN114607758A - Cooling air guide structure of V-belt type electrodeless engine and engine - Google Patents
Cooling air guide structure of V-belt type electrodeless engine and engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114607758A CN114607758A CN202210228115.0A CN202210228115A CN114607758A CN 114607758 A CN114607758 A CN 114607758A CN 202210228115 A CN202210228115 A CN 202210228115A CN 114607758 A CN114607758 A CN 114607758A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- engine
- cover plate
- filter screen
- cooling air
- belt type
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
- F16H57/0412—Cooling or heating; Control of temperature
- F16H57/0415—Air cooling or ventilation; Heat exchangers; Thermal insulations
- F16H57/0416—Air cooling or ventilation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/027—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein characterised by means for venting gearboxes, e.g. air breathers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/028—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein characterised by means for reducing vibration or noise
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/035—Gearboxes for gearing with endless flexible members
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
- F16H57/048—Type of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
- F16H57/0487—Friction gearings
- F16H57/0489—Friction gearings with endless flexible members, e.g. belt CVTs
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Details Of Gearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cooling air leading-in structure of a V-belt type electrodeless engine, which comprises a box cover arranged on a gearbox body, a filter screen assembly arranged on the box cover and an air inlet assembly arranged on the box cover, wherein the box cover is provided with a plurality of air inlet holes; the cooling air guiding structure of the technical scheme enables the V-belt type electrodeless engine to be effectively cooled when the V-belt type electrodeless engine runs, reduces noise transmitted from the inside to the outside of the electrodeless engine, and simultaneously discharges easily through the arranged drain outlet, thereby being convenient and fast in maintenance and saving time and labor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of engine cooling, in particular to a cooling air introducing structure of a V-belt type electrodeless engine and the engine.
Background
The stepless speed change technology adopts a transmission belt and a driving wheel and a driven wheel with variable working diameters to match and transmit power, can realize the continuous change of transmission ratio, and in the cooling air introducing structure of the traditional stepless engine, an air guide port is arranged in the width direction of the vehicle or at the rear part of the vehicle, so that the possibility of muddy water and dust which are rolled up by a user during vehicle washing or rear wheels of the vehicle entering is considered; the air inlet of the prior air guide port generally adopts a mode that the front surface passes through a filter screen, and the design mode increases the air inlet resistance and reduces the air inlet efficiency; meanwhile, most of the traditional air inlet cavities are in a completely closed state, and muddy water or dust entering the air inlet cavities is easy to deposit and difficult to discharge.
Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, a cooling air introduction structure of a V-belt type electrodeless engine is required to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the cooling air leading-in structure of the technical scheme enables the V-belt type electrodeless engine to be effectively cooled when in operation, reduces noise transmitted from the inside to the outside of the electrodeless engine, is easy to discharge pollution through the arranged sewage discharge outlet, is convenient and fast to maintain, and is time-saving and labor-saving.
A cooling air leading-in structure of a V-belt type electrodeless engine comprises a case cover arranged on a gearbox body, a filter screen assembly arranged on the case cover and an air inlet assembly arranged on the case cover; the driving belt pulley is installed in the box body, the air inlet assembly is provided with an air guide opening, and the air inlet direction of the air guide opening is parallel to the installation plane where the filter screen assembly is located.
Further, the air inlet component comprises an outer cover plate body and a breathing groove cover plate matched with the outer cover plate body to seal, the air guide opening is formed in the left side of the outer cover plate body, and a sewage discharge opening is formed in the lower portion of the outer cover plate body.
Furthermore, the left end of the outer cover plate body extends towards the left lower side to form an air guide part, a plurality of air guide openings are formed in the air guide part in parallel, an annular cavity used for introducing introduced air into the driving belt pulley is formed in the outer cover plate body, and a sewage discharge opening is formed in the bottom of the annular cavity.
Further, the filter screen subassembly is including installing the filter screen on the case lid and being used for carrying out the inner decking that the axial is spacing to the filter screen, the mounting plane and the driving pulley axis mutually perpendicular of filter screen arrange, be provided with on the case lid and be used for carrying out radial spacing direction muscle to the filter screen.
Furthermore, the middle part of the inner cover plate is provided with a limiting clamping block for axially limiting the filter screen, and the circumferential direction of the inner cover plate is provided with an inner cover plate mounting table for positioning and mounting with the box cover.
Further, the case cover protrudes outwards along the axis direction to form a case cover boss, the outer cover plate body protrudes inwards along the radial direction to form an outer cover plate mounting seat, and the case cover boss and the outer cover plate mounting seat are mounted in a matched mode.
Further, the case lid lower extreme bending type becomes water conservancy diversion portion, water conservancy diversion portion sets up in the drain below, water conservancy diversion portion below the right side slope arranges on the case lid.
Further, still including installing the driven pulley on the box, be provided with driving belt between drive pulley and the driven pulley.
An engine is provided with the cooling air introduction structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the cooling air leading-in structure of the technical scheme can effectively cool the V-belt type electrodeless engine in operation, reduces the noise transmitted from the inside to the outside of the electrodeless engine, is easy to discharge the sewage through the arranged sewage discharge outlet, is convenient and quick to maintain, and saves time and labor.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and examples:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the filter assembly installation of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a lid according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an outer cover plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a front side of a filter screen according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of the back side of the filter screen of the present invention.
Detailed Description
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the filter assembly installation of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a lid according to the present invention; FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an outer cover plate according to the present invention; FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a front side of a filter screen according to the present invention; FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the back side of the filter screen of the present invention; as shown in the figure, the cooling air leading-in structure of the V-belt type electrodeless engine comprises a box cover 5 arranged on a gearbox body 1, a filter screen assembly arranged on the box cover 5 and an air inlet assembly arranged on the box cover; a driving belt pulley 2 is installed in the box body, an air guide opening 10 is formed in the air inlet assembly, and the air inlet direction of the air guide opening 10 is parallel to the installation plane where the filter screen assembly is located; the cooling air guiding structure of the technical scheme enables the V-belt type electrodeless engine to be effectively cooled when in operation, reduces the internal noise of the electrodeless engine to be transmitted to the outside, prevents air flow entering the air guide opening 10 from directly impacting a filter screen assembly to cause air inlet resistance when the air inlet direction of the air guide opening 10 and the air inlet direction of the driving belt pulley 2 are not on the same axis (the air inlet direction is perpendicular to each other in the technical scheme), the air inlet direction of the air guide opening is parallel to the mounting surface of the filter screen assembly, air entering from the air guide opening enters a CVT cavity through the filter screen assembly arranged in parallel to the air inlet direction, the air resistance is effectively reduced, the opening direction of the air guide opening 10 is along the forward driving direction of a vehicle, the air inlet pressure in the CVT cavity is increased by using the driving power of the vehicle, the air inlet efficiency is increased, and the cooling effect in the CVT cavity is improved.
In this embodiment, the air inlet subassembly includes that outer apron body 6 and cooperation outer apron body 6 carry out sealed breathing trough apron 7, and wind-guiding mouth 10 is seted up in outer apron body left side, outer apron body below is provided with drain 13. As shown in fig. 1, the air inlet subassembly includes outer apron body 6 and is used for carrying out the breathing groove apron 7 that the lid closed to the outer apron body, and breathing groove apron 7 passes through buckle 14 and outer apron body 6 cooperation installation, and wind-guiding mouth 10 sets up in the left side of outer apron body 6, is convenient for channel into wind, and the drain of seting up in outer apron body below can effectively get rid of impurity such as mud dirt, ensures inside operational environment.
In this embodiment, the left end of the outer cover plate body 6 extends to the left lower side to form a wind guiding portion (the left and right direction is the horizontal direction in fig. 3, the up and down direction is the horizontal direction, and the inward direction is the inward direction perpendicular to the paper surface), the wind guiding portion is provided with a plurality of wind guiding ports 10 in parallel, an annular chamber 11 for introducing the introduced air into the driving pulley is formed on the outer cover plate body, and a drain 13 is formed at the bottom of the annular chamber. A plurality of wind-guiding mouths 10 that are parallel to each other are convenient for the air current to be led into the annular chamber indoor, the annular chamber becomes regular circular shape, coaxial with centrifugal fan axis, air inlet duct simple structure, mutual parallel arrangement avoids forming the vortex, reduces the air inlet noise, reduces air inlet resistance, increase air intake efficiency, wind-guiding mouth inclination sets up simultaneously and arranges the position and can restrain rainwater and the sewage when washing the car and get into CVT intracavity portion, effectively ensures inner mechanism's operational environment.
In this embodiment, the filter screen assembly includes a filter screen 9 mounted on the case cover 5 and an inner cover plate 8 for axially limiting the filter screen 9, a mounting plane on which the filter screen 9 is mounted is perpendicular to an axis of the driving pulley, and after cooling air enters the annular chamber 11 from the air guide opening 10, the cooling air vertically enters the CVT chamber interior downward to cool components in the CVT chamber, and the case cover 5 is provided with a guide rib 15 for radially limiting the filter screen. The filter assembly includes filter screen 9 and interior apron 8, the protruding shape is a plurality of arc direction muscle on the case lid, a plurality of arc direction muscle are on same circumferencial direction, the filter screen is installed and is formed radially spacingly in the arc direction muscle, it is spacing that interior apron 8 cooperation case lid 5 carries out the axial to filter screen 9, ensure the stability of filter screen installation, the filter screen effectively reduces the noise of outside transmission by CVT intracavity portion simultaneously, the filter screen can restrain external water and dust and get into CVT intracavity portion.
In this embodiment, a limiting clamping block (e.g., a cross structure in fig. 3) for axially limiting the filter screen 9 is formed in the middle of the inner cover plate, and an inner cover plate mounting table 81 for positioning and mounting the inner cover plate and the case cover is arranged in the circumferential direction of the inner cover plate 8. The 8 circumference direction of interior apron is protruding to be formed with two interior apron mount tables 81, and the protruding case lid reference column 17 that is formed with on the case lid, and interior apron lid closes on case lid 5, carries out axial locking through interior apron mount table 81 and case lid reference column 17.
In this embodiment, the case cover protrudes outward in the axial direction to form a case cover boss 16, the outer cover body 6 protrudes inward in the radial direction to form an outer cover mounting seat 61, and the case cover boss 16 is mounted in cooperation with the outer cover mounting seat 61. Bosses formed by the bulges on the two parts are matched with the mounting seat, and the positioning and mounting of the outer cover plate are completed by screwing.
In this embodiment, case lid lower extreme bending type becomes water conservancy diversion portion 18, water conservancy diversion portion sets up in drain 13 below, water conservancy diversion portion below the right side slope arranges on the case lid. The diversion part is obliquely provided with a certain included angle relative to the horizontal direction, so that water or other impurities can be conveniently guided out.
In this embodiment, the power transmission device further comprises a driven belt pulley 4 mounted on the box body, and a transmission belt 3 is arranged between the driving belt pulley and the driven belt pulley.
An engine is provided with the cooling air introduction structure.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A cooling air leading-in structure of a V-belt type electrodeless engine is characterized in that: the air inlet component is arranged on the box cover; the driving belt pulley is installed in the box body, the air inlet assembly is provided with an air guide opening, and the air inlet direction of the air guide opening is parallel to the installation plane where the filter screen assembly is located.
2. The cooling air introduction structure of the V-belt type electrodeless engine as defined in claim 1, characterized in that: the air inlet assembly comprises an outer cover plate body and a breathing groove cover plate matched with the outer cover plate body to seal, an air guide opening is formed in the left side of the outer cover plate body, and a sewage discharge opening is formed in the lower portion of the outer cover plate body.
3. The cooling air introduction structure of the V-belt type electrodeless engine as defined in claim 2, characterized in that: the left end of the outer cover plate body extends towards the left lower side to form an air guide part, a plurality of air guide openings are formed in the air guide part in parallel, an annular cavity used for introducing introduced air into the driving belt pulley is formed in the outer cover plate body, and a drain outlet is formed in the bottom of the annular cavity.
4. The cooling air introduction structure of the V-belt type electrodeless engine as defined in claim 1, characterized in that: the filter screen subassembly carries out the axial spacing inner decking including installing the filter screen on the case lid and being used for the filter screen, the mounting plane and the driving pulley axis mutually perpendicular of filter screen arrange, be provided with on the case lid and be used for carrying out radial spacing direction muscle to the filter screen.
5. The cooling air introduction structure of the V-belt type electrodeless engine as defined in claim 4, characterized in that: the filter screen cover is characterized in that a limiting clamping block for axially limiting the filter screen is formed in the middle of the inner cover plate, and an inner cover plate mounting table for positioning and mounting the filter screen cover is arranged in the circumferential direction of the inner cover plate.
6. The cooling air introduction structure of the V-belt type electrodeless engine as defined in claim 5, characterized in that: the box cover is characterized in that the box cover protrudes outwards along the axis direction to form a box cover boss, the outer cover plate body protrudes inwards along the radial direction to form an outer cover plate mounting seat, and the box cover boss is mounted with the outer cover plate mounting seat in a matched mode.
7. The cooling air introduction structure of the V-belt type electrodeless engine as defined in claim 2, characterized in that: the tank cover lower extreme bending type becomes water conservancy diversion portion, water conservancy diversion portion sets up in the drain below, water conservancy diversion portion below the right side slope arranges on the tank cover.
8. The cooling air introduction structure of the V-belt type electrodeless engine as defined in claim 1, characterized in that: the transmission device is characterized by further comprising a driven belt pulley arranged on the box body, and a transmission belt is arranged between the driving belt pulley and the driven belt pulley.
9. An engine, characterized in that: the engine is provided with the cooling air introduction structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210228115.0A CN114607758A (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2022-03-08 | Cooling air guide structure of V-belt type electrodeless engine and engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210228115.0A CN114607758A (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2022-03-08 | Cooling air guide structure of V-belt type electrodeless engine and engine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114607758A true CN114607758A (en) | 2022-06-10 |
Family
ID=81860206
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210228115.0A Pending CN114607758A (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2022-03-08 | Cooling air guide structure of V-belt type electrodeless engine and engine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114607758A (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102483146A (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2012-05-30 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Cooling air introduction structure of V-belt type continuously variable transmission |
| CN204610793U (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-09-02 | 重庆建设摩托车股份有限公司 | A kind of CVT engine cooling wind-guiding device |
| JP2019158080A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2019-09-19 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Belt type continuously variable transmission device for saddle-riding type vehicle |
| CN209771703U (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-12-13 | 宁波市龙嘉摩托车有限公司 | Air duct structure of left cover CVT cavity |
| CN210637486U (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-05-29 | 厦门厦杏摩托有限公司 | Cooling and air guiding device for CVT (continuously variable Transmission) of motorcycle engine |
-
2022
- 2022-03-08 CN CN202210228115.0A patent/CN114607758A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102483146A (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2012-05-30 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Cooling air introduction structure of V-belt type continuously variable transmission |
| CN204610793U (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-09-02 | 重庆建设摩托车股份有限公司 | A kind of CVT engine cooling wind-guiding device |
| JP2019158080A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2019-09-19 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Belt type continuously variable transmission device for saddle-riding type vehicle |
| CN209771703U (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-12-13 | 宁波市龙嘉摩托车有限公司 | Air duct structure of left cover CVT cavity |
| CN210637486U (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-05-29 | 厦门厦杏摩托有限公司 | Cooling and air guiding device for CVT (continuously variable Transmission) of motorcycle engine |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN209379933U (en) | A kind of electric spindle of lathe | |
| CN114607758A (en) | Cooling air guide structure of V-belt type electrodeless engine and engine | |
| CN113446245A (en) | Centrifugal ventilator for acid mist waste gas purification tower | |
| CN101865052B (en) | Air filter unit | |
| CN210637486U (en) | Cooling and air guiding device for CVT (continuously variable Transmission) of motorcycle engine | |
| CN212115069U (en) | Synchronous non-inductive servo drive control integrated machine | |
| CN115285275B (en) | Cooling structure of motorcycle speed changer | |
| CN117160169A (en) | Mining intrinsic safety type double-fluid dry fog gun | |
| CN112594359B (en) | Ventilation structure of gear box and motorcycle | |
| CN217926361U (en) | Fan | |
| CN219388586U (en) | Integrated CVT cooling system | |
| CN112325390B (en) | Mobile Air Conditioning | |
| CN207074919U (en) | Air-out fan housing after a kind of motor low noise | |
| CN218625346U (en) | Be used for gearbox leak protection oil gas stifled, gearbox and vehicle | |
| CN108301947B (en) | Automobile engine intake pipe supercharging device suitable for high and low speeds | |
| CN210317512U (en) | Power assembly and all-terrain vehicle with same | |
| CN220910424U (en) | Transmission belt chamber cooling system | |
| CN208220935U (en) | A kind of automobile engine intake tube road supercharging device that high low speed is applicable | |
| CN114542513A (en) | High-efficient low noise automobile cooling water pump | |
| CN213479124U (en) | Transmission and all-terrain vehicle with same | |
| CN213971623U (en) | Electric planer that chip removal ability is strong | |
| CN221122322U (en) | Air inlet expansion structure of portable smoke machine | |
| CN219452201U (en) | Exhaust stator for engine | |
| CN112594361B (en) | Ventilation structure of gear box and motorcycle | |
| CN222615684U (en) | A low-noise fan assembly and a sweeper having the same |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |