CN114604056B - Fuel cell automobile whole automobile thermal management system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell car whole car heat management system, the battery heat management system includes: the electric pile, the fourth electronic water pump, the second expansion tank, the second radiator fan, the first five-way valve, the second Chiller and the second five-way valve; the power battery management system includes: the device comprises a liquid cooling plate, a third electronic water pump, a first expansion water tank, a third radiator, a third radiating fan, a first five-way valve, a second Chiller and a second five-way valve; a passenger compartment thermal management system comprising: the system comprises an electric compressor, a water-cooled condenser, a first electronic expansion valve, a first three-way valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, a first cooling fan, a second two-way valve, a second electronic expansion valve, an evaporator, a gas-liquid separator, a water heating PTC, a second electronic water pump, a warm air water tank and a third three-way valve which are sequentially communicated; a motor thermal management system. The problem that the fuel cell automobile is difficult to start in cold when the ambient temperature is low can be solved, and the waste heat is effectively utilized.

Description

A thermal management system for a fuel cell vehicle

technical field

The invention relates to a thermal management system for a fuel cell vehicle, which belongs to the technical field of vehicle air conditioning.

Background technique

Under the background of intensified global environmental pollution and energy shortage, the development of new energy vehicles is the general trend. Fuel cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy through the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, without consuming traditional fossil energy, so that fuel cell vehicles can be realized. Zero pollution during driving. With more and more emphasis on fuel cell-related research in the future, fuel cell vehicles will develop further.

For the existing fuel cell vehicle thermal management system, when the ambient temperature is low, the fuel cell vehicle will have difficulty in cold start or even fail, and the heating of the passenger compartment will also cause large power consumption. Secondly, when the fuel cell vehicle is running, most of the heat generated by each system is taken away by the coolant, so that the waste heat of each subsystem cannot be well utilized, and the efficiency of the fuel cell vehicle is reduced.

Contents of the invention

The invention designs and develops a fuel cell vehicle thermal management system, which can overcome the problem of difficult cold start of the fuel cell vehicle when the ambient temperature is low, and safely and effectively utilize waste heat to improve the efficiency of the fuel cell vehicle.

The technical scheme provided by the invention is:

A complete vehicle thermal management system for a fuel cell vehicle, comprising:

The electric stack, the fourth electronic water pump, the second expansion tank, the second cooling fan, the first five-way valve, and the second five-way valve that are connected in sequence form the first coolant circulation loop;

The second coolant circulation circuit formed by the stack, the fourth electronic water pump, the second expansion tank, the first five-way valve, the second Chiller, and the second five-way valve that are connected in sequence;

The liquid cooling plate, the third electronic water pump, the first expansion tank, the third radiator, the third cooling fan, the first five-way valve, and the second five-way valve are sequentially connected to form a third coolant circulation loop;

The liquid cooling plate, the third electronic water pump, the first expansion tank, the first five-way valve, the second Chiller, and the second five-way valve are connected in sequence to form the fourth coolant circulation loop;

The electric compressor, water-cooled condenser, first electronic expansion valve, first three-way valve, outdoor heat exchanger, first cooling fan, second two-way valve, second electronic expansion valve, evaporator, The gas-liquid separator forms a refrigerant circulation loop;

The water heating PTC, the second electronic water pump, the warm air water tank, and the third three-way valve connected in sequence form the fifth coolant circulation loop;

The first electronic water pump, air compressor, DC-DC, third three-way valve, third radiator, and first Chiller connected in sequence form the sixth coolant circulation loop;

Wherein, when in the passenger compartment heating + waste heat recovery mode, the sixth coolant circulation loop is in a connected state;

When it is in the passenger compartment heating + battery heating mode or in the passenger compartment heating + electric stack heating mode, the water heating PTC starts to work and communicates with the third three-way valve, the second Chiller, the heater water tank, the second electronic water pump, The water-cooled condensers communicate with each other;

When in the passenger compartment heating + battery waste heat recovery mode, the second Chiller is turned on, and the third coolant circulation loop is connected to the fifth coolant circulation loop;

When in the passenger compartment heating + electric stack waste heat recovery mode, the second Chiller is turned on, and the second coolant circulation loop is connected to the fifth cooling circulation loop.

Preferably, it also includes: passenger compartment cooling mode, which includes:

Refrigerant flows through: electric compressor, water-cooled condenser, first electronic expansion valve, first three-way valve, outdoor heat exchanger, first electronic expansion valve, evaporator, gas-liquid separator, electric compressor;

Among them, the first electronic water pump does not work;

Crew compartment cooling + stack cooling mode, which includes:

Refrigerant flows through the passenger compartment cooling mode, the second coolant circuit and:

The stack coolant flows through: electric compressor, water-cooled condenser, first electronic expansion valve, first three-way valve, outdoor heat exchanger, second electronic expansion valve, second Chiller, gas-liquid separator, electric compressor machine.

Preferably, it also includes:

Crew cooling + battery cooling mode, which includes:

Refrigerant flows through the passenger compartment cooling mode, the second coolant circuit and:

The fourth cooling liquid circulation loop is connected, and the battery cooling liquid flows through the fourth cooling liquid circulation loop.

Preferably, it also includes:

Crew heating modes, which include:

Refrigerant flows through: electric compressor, water-cooled condenser, first electronic expansion valve, first three-way valve, outdoor heat exchanger, first two-way valve, first Chiller, gas-liquid separator, electric compressor

Wherein, the water-cooled condenser works;

The fifth cooling liquid circulation circuit is connected, and the warm air cooling liquid flows through the fifth cooling liquid circulation circuit.

Preferably, it also includes:

Cooling fan - battery cooling mode, which includes:

The third cooling liquid circulation circuit is connected, and the battery cooling liquid flows through the third cooling liquid circulation circuit.

Preferably, it also includes:

Cooling fan-stack cooling mode, which includes:

The first cooling liquid circulation loop is connected, and the stack cooling liquid flows through the first cooling liquid circulation loop.

Preferably, it also includes:

PTC-battery heating mode, which includes:

The third coolant circulation loop is connected, and the battery coolant flows through the third coolant circulation loop;

The second Chiller is opened, the fifth cooling liquid circulation circuit is connected, the second Chiller is connected to the fifth cooling liquid circulation circuit, and the warm air cooling liquid flows through the fifth cooling liquid circulation circuit And the second chiller.

Preferably, it also includes:

PTC-stack heating mode, which includes:

The first coolant circulation loop is connected, and the stack coolant flows through the first coolant circulation loop;

The second Chiller is opened, the fifth cooling liquid circulation circuit is connected, the second Chiller is connected to the fifth cooling liquid circulation circuit, and the warm air cooling liquid flows through the fifth cooling liquid circulation circuit And the second chiller.

Preferably, it also includes:

Passenger compartment cooling + cooling fan - battery cooling mode, which includes:

Refrigerant flows through: electric compressor, water-cooled condenser, first electronic expansion valve, first three-way valve, outdoor heat exchanger, second electronic expansion valve, evaporator, gas-liquid separator, electric compressor

Among them, the water-cooled condenser does not work;

Refrigerant flows through: electric compressor, water-cooled condenser, first electronic expansion valve, first three-way valve, outdoor heat exchanger, second electronic expansion valve, second Chiller, gas-liquid separator, electric compressor;

The fourth coolant circulation loop is connected, and the battery coolant flows through the fourth coolant circulation loop;

The third cooling liquid circulation circuit is connected, and the battery cooling liquid flows through the third cooling liquid circulation circuit.

Preferably, it also includes:

Passenger compartment cooling + cooling fan - stack cooling mode, which includes:

Refrigerant flows through: electric compressor, water-cooled condenser, first electronic expansion valve, first three-way valve, outdoor heat exchanger, second electronic expansion valve, evaporator, gas-liquid separator, electric compressor

Among them, the water-cooled condenser does not work;

Refrigerant flows through: electric compressor, water-cooled condenser, first electronic expansion valve, first three-way valve, outdoor heat exchanger, second electronic expansion valve, second Chiller, gas-liquid separator, electric compressor;

The second coolant circulation loop is connected, and the stack coolant flows through the second coolant circulation loop;

The first cooling liquid circulation loop is connected, and the stack cooling flows through the first cooling circulation loop.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system designed in the present invention is combined with a heat pump air-conditioning system, which can realize energy cascade utilization of fuel cell vehicle battery thermal management, fuel cell thermal management, motor thermal management and passenger cabin thermal management systems.

The fuel cell vehicle provided by the present invention will have relatively large power consumption under the low-temperature cold start condition and the heating of the passenger cabin. When ensuring that the thermal management requirements of each system are met, the present invention can realize safe and effective use of waste heat, thereby increasing the Fuel Cell Vehicle Efficiency.

When considering the temperature requirements of the passenger compartment and the suitable working temperature range of the fuel cell, power battery and motor, the system working modes are classified under different working conditions, and the energy efficiency of the fuel cell vehicle is improved on the basis of ensuring the performance of the fuel cell. utilization efficiency.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell vehicle thermal management system provided by the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the cooling mode of the passenger compartment provided by the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the working state of passenger compartment cooling + stack cooling provided by the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the working state of passenger compartment cooling + battery cooling provided by the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the passenger compartment heating mode provided by the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the working state of passenger compartment heating + waste heat recovery provided by the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the working state of passenger compartment heating + battery heating provided by the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the working state of passenger compartment heating + stack heating provided by the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the passenger compartment cooling + cooling fan - stack cooling provided by the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the working state of passenger compartment cooling + cooling fan - battery cooling provided by the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the cooling fan-battery cooling working state provided by the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the heat dissipation fan-electric stack cooling provided by the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the PTC-battery heating working state provided by the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the PTC-pile heating working state provided by the present invention.

Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the working state of passenger compartment heating + battery waste heat recovery provided by the present invention.

Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the passenger compartment heating + electric stack waste heat recovery provided by the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it with reference to the description.

As shown in Figures 1-16, the present invention provides a thermal management system for a fuel cell vehicle, including: a water-cooled condenser 1, a first electronic expansion valve 21, a second electronic expansion valve 22, and a third electronic expansion valve 23 , the first three-way valve 31, the second three-way valve 32, the third three-way valve 33, the outdoor heat exchanger 41, the first radiator 42, the second radiator 43, the third radiator 44, the first cooling fan 51. The second cooling fan 52, the third cooling fan 53, the first two-way valve 61, the second two-way valve 62, the first expansion water tank 71, the warm air water tank 72, the second expansion water tank 73, the first Chiller 81, the second expansion water tank Two Chiller82, DC-DC9, air compressor 10, first electronic water pump 111, second electronic water pump 112, third electronic water pump 113, fourth electronic water pump 114, electric compressor 12, water heating PTC13, gas-liquid separator 14 , evaporator 15, liquid cold plate 16, stack 17, first five-way valve 181, second five-way valve 182.

As shown in Figure 1, the fuel cell vehicle thermal management system includes four parts: the fuel cell thermal management system, the power battery thermal management system, the motor thermal management system, and the passenger compartment thermal management system.

The battery thermal management system includes: electric stack 17, fourth electronic water pump 114, second expansion tank 73, second radiator 43, second cooling fan 52, first five-way valve 181, second Chiller82, second five-way valve 182;

Wherein, the electric stack 17, the fourth electronic water pump 114, the second expansion tank 74, the second cooling fan 43, the first five-way valve 181, and the second five-way valve 182 connected in sequence form a first coolant circulation loop;

The second coolant circulation loop is formed by the electric stack 17 , the fourth electronic water pump 114 , the second expansion tank 74 , the first five-way valve 181 , the second Chiller 82 , and the second five-way valve 182 which are connected in sequence.

The power battery management system includes: liquid cooling plate 16, third electronic water pump 113, first expansion tank 71, third radiator 44, third cooling fan 53, first five-way valve 181, second Chille82, second five-way valve 182;

Wherein, the liquid cooling plate 16, the third electronic water pump 113, the first expansion water tank 73, the third radiator 44, the third cooling fan 53, the first five-way valve 181, and the second five-way valve 182 that are connected in sequence form the first five-way valve 182. Three coolant circulation circuits;

The liquid cooling plate 16, the third electronic water pump 113, the first expansion tank 73, the first five-way valve 181, the second Chiller 82, and the second five-way valve 182 connected in sequence form a fourth coolant circulation loop;

The passenger compartment thermal management system includes: an electric compressor 12, a water-cooled condenser 1, a first electronic expansion valve 21, a first three-way valve 31, an outdoor heat exchanger 41, a first cooling fan 51, and a second Two two-way valve 62, second electronic expansion valve 22, evaporator 15, gas-liquid separator 14, water heating PTC1, second electronic water pump 112, warm air water tank 72, third three-way valve 33;

Among them, the electric compressor 12, water-cooled condenser 1, first electronic expansion valve 21, first three-way valve 31, outdoor heat exchanger 41, first cooling fan 51, second two-way valve 62, The second electronic expansion valve 21, the evaporator 15, and the gas-liquid separator 14 form a refrigerant circulation loop;

The water heating PTC 13, the second electronic water pump 112, the warm air water tank 72, and the third three-way valve 33 connected in sequence form a fifth coolant circulation loop;

The motor thermal management system includes: the first electronic water pump 111, the air compressor 10, DC-DC9, the second three-way valve 32, the first radiator 42, and the first Chiller81;

Wherein, the first electronic water pump 111 , the air compressor 10 , the DC-DC9 , the second three-way valve 32 , the third radiator 42 , and the first Chiller 81 connected in sequence form a sixth coolant circulation loop.

According to the working status and temperature requirements of the four subsystems, the working modes are divided into:

Passenger cabin heating, passenger compartment heating + battery heating, passenger compartment heating + stack heating, passenger compartment cooling, passenger compartment cooling + battery cooling, passenger compartment cooling + stack cooling, passenger compartment heating + waste heat recovery, crew Cabin cooling + radiator fan-battery cooling, passenger compartment cooling + radiator fan-stack cooling, radiator fan-battery cooling, radiator fan- stack cooling, PTC-battery heating, PTC-stack heating, the specific working modes are as follows:

Passenger compartment cooling mode:

Refrigerant flow: sequentially flows through electric compressor 12, water-cooled condenser 1 (not working), first electronic expansion valve 21, first three-way valve 31, outdoor heat exchanger 41, second electronic expansion valve 22, evaporation Device 15, gas-liquid separator 14, electric compressor.

As shown in Figure 2, the refrigerant changes from low-temperature and low-pressure superheated steam to high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam after being compressed by the electric compressor 12, and then flows through the water-cooled condenser 1 (not working), the first electronic expansion valve 21, the second A three-way valve 31, the heat released in the outdoor heat exchanger 41 changes from high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam to medium-temperature and high-pressure subcooled liquid, and through the second electronic expansion valve 22, the evaporator changes from low-temperature and low-pressure saturated steam to low-temperature and low-pressure superheated The steam is then returned to the electric compressor through the gas-liquid separator to realize the refrigeration cycle.

Crew compartment cooling + stack cooling mode:

Refrigerant process 1: sequentially flows through the electric compressor 12, the water-cooled condenser 1 (not working), the first electronic expansion valve 21, the first three-way valve 31, the outdoor heat exchanger 41, the second electronic expansion valve 22, Evaporator 15, gas-liquid separator 14, 12 electric compressor.

Refrigerant process 2: flows through the electric compressor 12, water-cooled condenser 1 (not working), the first electronic expansion valve, the first three-way valve 31, the outdoor heat exchanger 41, the third electronic expansion valve 23, the first Two Chiller82, gas-liquid separator 14, electric compressor 12.

Process of stack coolant: it flows through electronic water pump 114 , electric stack 17 , five-way valve 181 , Chiller 82 , five-way valve 182 , expansion tank 74 , and electronic water pump 114 in sequence.

As shown in Figure 3, in this mode, in addition to realizing the refrigeration cycle of the passenger compartment, in the refrigerant process 2, the medium-temperature and high-pressure subcooled liquid flows through the third electronic expansion valve 23 to become a low-temperature and low-pressure saturated steam. In the second Chiller82, The low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant and the high-temperature stack coolant exchange heat to realize stack cooling.

Crew compartment cooling + battery cooling mode:

Refrigerant process 1: sequentially flows through the electric compressor 12, the water-cooled condenser 1 (not working), the first electronic expansion valve 21, the first three-way valve 31, the outdoor heat exchanger 41, the second electronic expansion valve 22, Evaporator 15, gas-liquid separator 14, electric compressor 12.

Refrigerant process 2: sequentially flows through the electric compressor 12, the water-cooled condenser 1 (not working), the first electronic expansion valve 21, the first three-way valve 31, the outdoor heat exchanger 41, the third electronic expansion valve 23, Second Chiller82, gas-liquid separator 14, electric compressor 12.

The battery coolant process: flows through the third electronic water pump 113 , the liquid cooling plate 16 , the first five-way valve 181 , the second Chiller 82 , the second five-way valve 182 , the second expansion tank 73 , and the third electronic water pump 113 .

As shown in Figure 4, in this mode, in addition to realizing the refrigeration cycle of the passenger compartment, in the refrigerant process 2, the medium-temperature and high-pressure subcooled liquid flows through the third electronic expansion valve 23 to become a low-temperature and low-pressure saturated steam. In the second Chiller82, The low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant and the high-temperature battery coolant exchange heat to realize battery cooling.

Crew compartment heating mode:

Refrigerant flow: sequentially flows through electric compressor 12, water-cooled condenser 1 (working), first electronic expansion valve, 21, first three-way valve 31, outdoor heat exchanger 41, first two-way valve 61, second A Chiller81, gas-liquid separator 14, electric compressor 12.

Warm air coolant process: flow through water-cooled condenser 1, water heating PTC 13 (not working), third three-way valve 33, warm air water tank 72, second electronic water pump 112, and water-cooled condenser 1 in sequence.

As shown in Figure 5, the refrigerant changes from low-temperature and low-pressure superheated steam to high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam after being compressed by the electric compressor 12, and then flows through the water-cooled condenser 1 (working), the first electronic expansion valve 21, the first Three-way valve 31, the heat released in the outdoor heat exchanger 41 changes from high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam to medium-temperature and high-pressure subcooled liquid, and through the first two-way valve 61, the low-temperature and low-pressure saturated steam becomes low-temperature and low-pressure superheated in the first Chiller 81 The steam returns to the electric compressor through the gas-liquid separator. In the water-cooled condenser 1, the high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam exchanges heat with the warm air cooling liquid to heat the cooling liquid. The heated warm air cooling liquid passes through the warm air The air tank heats the passenger compartment to realize the heating of the passenger compartment.

Crew cabin heating + waste heat recovery:

Refrigerant process: sequentially flows through the electric compressor 12, the water-cooled condenser 1 (working), the first electronic expansion valve 21, the first three-way valve 31, the outdoor heat exchanger 41, the first two-way valve 61, the first Chiller81, gas-liquid separator 14, electric compressor 12.

Warm air coolant process: flow through water-cooled condenser 1, water heating PTC 13 (not working), third three-way valve 33, warm air water tank 72, second electronic water pump 112, and water-cooled condenser 1 in sequence.

Process 1 of motor coolant: flowing through the first electronic water pump 111 , the air compressor 10 , the inverter 9 , the second three-way valve 32 , the first Chiller 81 , and the first electronic water pump 111 in sequence.

Motor coolant process 2: flows through the first electronic water pump 111 , the air compressor 10 , the inverter 9 , the second three-way valve 32 , the first low-temperature radiator 42 , the first Chiller 81 , and the first electronic water pump 111 in sequence.

As shown in Figure 6, in this mode, in addition to realizing the heating mode of the passenger compartment, the waste heat recovery of the air compressor 10 and the DC-DC module 9 is also realized. During the operation of the fuel cell vehicle, the DC-DC module 9 and the The air compressor 10 will generate heat, which needs to be dissipated through the cooling system. In this embodiment, the heat generated by the DC-DC modules 9 and 10 air compressors is dissipated through the first radiator 42 and the first Chiller 81. In the first The high-temperature cooling liquid and the refrigerant in the Chiller 81 exchange heat to realize waste heat utilization of the heat generated by the DC-DC module 9 and the air compressor 10 .

Crew compartment heating + battery heating:

Refrigerant flow: sequentially flows through electric compressor 12, water-cooled condenser 1 (working), first electronic expansion valve 21, first three-way valve 31, outdoor heat exchanger 41, second two-way valve 62, gas-liquid Separator 14, electric compressor 12.

Warm air coolant process 1: flows through water-cooled condenser 1, water heating PTC 13, third three-way valve 33, warm air water tank 72, second electronic water pump 112, and water-cooled condenser 1 in sequence.

Warm air coolant process 2: Flow through water-cooled condenser 1, water heating PTC 13, second Chiller 82, third three-way valve 33, warm air water tank 72, second electronic water pump 112, and water-cooled condenser 1 in sequence.

Battery cooling water process: it flows through the third electronic water pump 113 , the liquid cooling plate 16 , the first five-way valve 181 , the second Chiller 82 , the second five-way valve 182 , the second expansion tank 73 , and the third electronic water pump 113 .

As shown in Figure 7, in this mode, in addition to the passenger compartment heating mode, when the fuel cell vehicle is cold started at low temperature, the battery needs to be preheated, and battery heating can also be realized in this embodiment. When the ambient temperature is low, the water heating PTC13 starts to work to heat the warm air cooling liquid. In the second Chiller82, the battery cooling liquid and the warm air cooling liquid exchange heat. Heating is carried out to realize battery heating.

Crew compartment heating + stack heating:

Refrigerant flow: sequentially flows through electric compressor 12, water-cooled condenser 1 (working), first electronic expansion valve 21, first three-way valve 31, outdoor heat exchanger 41, second two-way valve 62, gas-liquid Separator 14, electric compressor 12.

Warm air coolant process 1: flows through water-cooled condenser 1, water heating PTC 13, third three-way valve 33, warm air water tank 72, second electronic water pump 112, and water-cooled condenser 1 in sequence.

Warm air coolant process 2: water-cooled condenser 1, water heating PTC 13, second Chiller 82, third three-way valve 33, warm air water tank 72, second electronic water pump 112, water-cooled condenser 1.

Stack cooling water flow: sequentially flows through the fourth electronic water pump 114, the electric stack 17, the first five-way valve 181, the second chiller 82, the second five-way valve 182, the third expansion tank 74, and the fourth electronic water pump 114 .

As shown in Figure 8, in this mode, in addition to realizing the heating mode of the passenger compartment, when the fuel cell vehicle is cold started at low temperature, it is necessary to preheat the electric stack. In this embodiment, the electric stack can also be preheated. When the ambient temperature is low, the water heating PTC13 starts to work to heat the warm air cooling liquid. In the second Chiller82, the battery cooling liquid and the warm air cooling liquid perform heat exchange, and the heated warm air cooling liquid cools the stack The liquid is heated to realize stack heating.

Passenger compartment cooling + cooling fan - battery cooling mode:

Refrigerant process 1: sequentially flows through the electric compressor 12, the water-cooled condenser 1 (not working), the first electronic expansion valve 21, the first three-way valve 31, the outdoor heat exchanger 41, the second electronic expansion valve 22, Evaporator 15, gas-liquid separator 14, electric compressor 12.

Refrigerant process 2: sequentially flows through the electric compressor 12, the water-cooled condenser 1 (not working), the first electronic expansion valve 21, the first three-way valve 31, the outdoor heat exchanger 41, the third electronic expansion valve 23, Second Chiller82, gas-liquid separator 14, electric compressor 12.

Battery coolant process 1: Flow through the third electronic water pump 113 , the liquid cooling plate 16 , the first five-way valve 181 , the second Chiller 82 , the second five-way valve 182 , the second expansion tank 73 , and the third electronic water pump 113 in sequence.

Battery coolant process 2: sequentially flow through the third electronic water pump 113, the liquid cooling plate 16, the first five-way valve 181, the third radiator 44, the second five-way valve 182, the second expansion tank 73, and the fourth electronic water pump 114.

As shown in Figure 9, in this mode, in addition to realizing the cooling mode of the passenger compartment, when the fuel cell is running, the battery will generate a large amount of heat, which will increase the temperature of the battery. In order to make the battery work in a suitable temperature range, the cooling system needs to be The heat is dissipated in time, and battery cooling can be realized in this embodiment. The battery cooling liquid has two cooling circuits. In the battery cooling liquid process 1, the high-temperature battery cooling liquid and the refrigerant exchange heat in the second Chiller82 to realize battery cooling. In the battery cooling liquid process 2, the high-temperature battery cooling liquid flows Through the third radiator 44 , the heat is taken away by blowing the third radiator 44 with the third cooling fan 53 .

Passenger compartment cooling + cooling fan - stack cooling mode:

Refrigerant process 1: sequentially flows through the electric compressor 12, the water-cooled condenser (not working) 1, the first electronic expansion valve 21, the first three-way valve 31, the outdoor heat exchanger 41, the second electronic expansion valve 22, Evaporator 15, gas-liquid separator 14, 12 electric compressor.

Refrigerant process 2: sequentially flows through the electric compressor 12, the water-cooled condenser 1 (not working), the first electronic expansion valve 21, the first three-way valve 31, the outdoor heat exchanger 41, the third electronic expansion valve 23, Second Chiller82, gas-liquid separator 14, electric compressor 12.

Stack coolant flow 1: sequentially flows through the fourth electronic water pump 114, the electric stack 17, the first five-way valve 181, the second Chiller82, the second five-way valve 182, the third expansion tank 74, and the fourth electronic water pump 114

Stack coolant process 2: sequentially flow through the fourth electronic water pump 114, electric stack 17, first five-way valve 181, radiator 43, second five-way valve 182, fourth expansion tank 74, and electronic water pump 114

As shown in Figure 10, in this mode, in addition to realizing the cooling mode of the passenger compartment, when the fuel cell is running, the stack will generate a lot of heat, which will increase the temperature of the stack. In order to make the stack work in a suitable temperature range, it is necessary to The cooling system dissipates the heat in time, and the stack cooling can be realized in this embodiment. The stack coolant has two cooling circuits. In the stack coolant flow 1, the high-temperature stack coolant and the refrigerant exchange heat in the second Chiller82 to realize stack cooling. In the stack coolant flow 2, The high-temperature stack coolant flows through the second radiator 43 , and takes away the heat by blowing the second heat dissipation fan 52 on the third radiator 43 .

Cooling Fan - Battery Cooling Mode:

Battery coolant flow: sequentially flow through the third electronic water pump 113 → liquid cooling plate 16, the first five-way valve 181, the third radiator 44, the second five-way valve 182, the second expansion tank 73, and the third electronic water pump 113 .

As shown in FIG. 11 , in this mode, only battery cooling is performed, and the heat generated by the battery during the operation of the fuel cell vehicle passes through the above-mentioned coolant flow, and dissipates the heat when flowing through the third radiator 44 .

Cooling fan-stack cooling mode:

Process of stack coolant: sequentially flow through the fourth electronic water pump 114, electric stack 17, first five-way valve 181, second radiator 43, second five-way valve 182, third expansion tank 74, fourth electronic water pump 114 .

As shown in FIG. 12 , in this mode, only the stack cooling is performed, and the heat generated during the operation of the fuel cell vehicle passes through the above-mentioned coolant flow, and dissipates the heat when flowing through the second radiator 43 .

PTC-battery heating mode:

Battery coolant flow: sequentially flow through the third electronic water pump 113, the liquid cooling plate 16, the first five-way valve 181, the third radiator 44, the second five-way valve 182, the second expansion tank 73, and the third electronic water pump 113 .

Warm air coolant process: flow through water-cooled condenser 1, water heating PTC 13, second Chiller 82, third three-way valve 33, warm air water tank 72, second electronic water pump 112, and water-cooled condenser 1 in sequence.

As shown in Figure 13, in this mode, only battery heating is performed. When a fuel cell vehicle is cold started, the battery needs to be preheated. The water heating PTC works to heat the warm air and coolant. In the second Chiller82, after heating The warm air cooling liquid and the low-temperature battery cooling liquid exchange heat, the temperature of the battery cooling liquid rises, and when the battery cooling liquid flows through the liquid cooling plate 16, the battery is heated through the liquid cooling plate 16.

PTC-stack heating:

Stack coolant flow: flow through 114 electronic water pump → 17 electric stack → 181 five-way valve → 43 radiator → 182 five-way valve → 74 expansion tank → 114 electronic water pump

Warm air coolant flow: flow through 1 water-cooled condenser → 13 water heating PTC → 82 Chiller → 33 three-way valve → 72 warm air water tank → 112 electronic water pump → 1 water-cooled condenser

As shown in Figure 14, in this mode, only the electric stack is heated. When the fuel cell vehicle is cold started, the electric stack needs to be preheated, and the water heating PTC works to heat the warm air and coolant. In the second Chiller82, Heat is exchanged between the heated warm air coolant and the low-temperature stack coolant. The temperature of the stack coolant rises, and the stack coolant is heated when the stack coolant flows through the stack 17 .

Passenger cabin heating + battery waste heat recovery mode:

Warm air coolant process 1: flows through water-cooled condenser 1, water heating PTC 13, third three-way valve 33, warm air water tank 72, second electronic water pump 112, and water-cooled condenser 1 in sequence.

Warm air coolant process 2: water-cooled condenser 1, water heating PTC 13, second Chiller 82, third three-way valve 33, warm air water tank 72, second electronic water pump 112, water-cooled condenser 1.

Battery cooling water process: it flows through the third electronic water pump 113 , the liquid cooling plate 16 , the first five-way valve 181 , the second Chiller 82 , the second five-way valve 182 , the second expansion tank 73 , and the third electronic water pump 113 .

As shown in Figure 15, in this mode, the fuel cell vehicle generates heat in the battery during driving, and this part of the heat can be used to heat the passenger compartment. In Chiller82, the high-temperature battery coolant and the warm air coolant perform heat exchange. The warm air coolant is heated, and the passenger compartment is heated through the warm air tank 72 .

Crew cabin heating + stack waste heat recovery:

Warm air coolant process 1: flows through water-cooled condenser 1, water heating PTC 13, third three-way valve 33, warm air water tank 72, second electronic water pump 112, and water-cooled condenser 1 in sequence.

Warm air coolant process 2: water-cooled condenser 1, water heating PTC 13, second Chiller 82, third three-way valve 33, warm air water tank 72, second electronic water pump 112, water-cooled condenser 1.

Stack cooling water flow: it flows through the fourth electronic water pump 114 , the electric stack 17 , the first five-way valve 181 , the second Chiller 82 , the second five-way valve 182 , the third expansion tank 74 , and the fourth electronic water pump 114 .

As shown in Figure 16, in this mode, the electric stack will generate a lot of heat when the fuel cell vehicle is running, and this part of the heat can be used to heat the passenger compartment. The heat is exchanged with the liquid, the warm air coolant is heated, and the passenger compartment is heated through the warm air water tank 72 .

The invention relates to a thermal management system of a fuel cell vehicle. The thermal management system of the complete vehicle is combined with a heat pump air-conditioning system, which can realize the thermal management of the battery of the fuel cell vehicle, the thermal management of the fuel cell, the thermal management of the motor and the thermal management of the passenger compartment. The energy cascade utilization of the system; when considering the temperature requirements of the passenger compartment and the suitable operating temperature range of the fuel cell, power battery and motor, the system operating modes are classified under different working conditions, and when the thermal management requirements of each system are guaranteed to be met , the invention can realize the safe and effective use of waste heat, thereby increasing the efficiency of the fuel cell vehicle.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been disclosed as above, it is not limited to the use listed in the specification and implementation, it can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention, and it can be easily understood by those skilled in the art Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific details and examples shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A complete vehicle thermal management system for a fuel cell vehicle, characterized in that it comprises: The electric stack, the fourth electronic water pump, the second expansion tank, the second cooling fan, the first five-way valve, and the second five-way valve that are connected in sequence form the first coolant circulation loop; The second coolant circulation circuit formed by the stack, the fourth electronic water pump, the second expansion tank, the first five-way valve, the second plate evaporator, and the second five-way valve that are connected in sequence; The liquid cooling plate, the third electronic water pump, the first expansion tank, the third radiator, the third cooling fan, the first five-way valve, and the second five-way valve are sequentially connected to form a third coolant circulation loop; The liquid cooling plate, the third electronic water pump, the first expansion tank, the first five-way valve, the second plate evaporator, and the second five-way valve are connected in sequence to form a fourth coolant circulation loop; The electric compressor, water-cooled condenser, first electronic expansion valve, first three-way valve, outdoor heat exchanger, first cooling fan, second two-way valve, second electronic expansion valve, evaporator, The gas-liquid separator forms a refrigerant circulation loop; The positive temperature coefficient water heater, the second electronic water pump, the warm air water tank, and the third three-way valve connected in sequence form the fifth coolant circulation loop; The first electronic water pump, air compressor, DC-DC, second three-way valve, first radiator, and first plate evaporator connected in sequence form a sixth coolant circulation loop; Wherein, when in the passenger compartment heating + waste heat recovery mode, the sixth coolant circulation loop is in a connected state; When in the passenger compartment heating + battery heating mode or in the passenger compartment heating + electric stack heating mode, the positive temperature coefficient water heater starts to work, and works with the third three-way valve and the second plate evaporator, warm air water tank, The second electronic water pump and the water-cooled condenser communicate with each other; When in the passenger compartment heating + battery waste heat recovery mode, the second plate evaporator is turned on, and the third coolant circulation loop is connected to the fifth coolant circulation loop; When it is in the passenger compartment heating + electric stack waste heat recovery mode, the second plate evaporator is turned on, and the second cooling liquid circulation loop is connected with the fifth cooling circulation loop. 2. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, further comprising: a passenger compartment cooling mode, which includes: Refrigerant flows through: electric compressor, water-cooled condenser, first electronic expansion valve, first three-way valve, outdoor heat exchanger, first electronic expansion valve, evaporator, gas-liquid separator, electric compressor; Among them, the first electronic water pump does not work; Crew compartment cooling + stack cooling mode, which includes: Refrigerant flows through the passenger compartment cooling mode, the second coolant circuit and: The stack coolant flows through: electric compressor, water-cooled condenser, first electronic expansion valve, first three-way valve, outdoor heat exchanger, second electronic expansion valve, second plate evaporator, gas-liquid separator, Electric compressor. 3. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system according to claim 2, further comprising: Crew cooling + battery cooling mode, which includes: Refrigerant flows through the passenger compartment cooling mode, the second coolant circuit and: The fourth cooling liquid circulation loop is connected, and the battery cooling liquid flows through the fourth cooling liquid circulation loop. 4. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, further comprising: Crew heating modes, which include: Refrigerant flows through: electric compressor, water-cooled condenser, first electronic expansion valve, first three-way valve, outdoor heat exchanger, first two-way valve, first plate evaporator, gas-liquid separator, electric compressor machine Wherein, the water-cooled condenser works; The fifth cooling liquid circulation circuit is connected, and the warm air cooling liquid flows through the fifth cooling liquid circulation circuit. 5. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, further comprising: Cooling fan - battery cooling mode, which includes: The third cooling liquid circulation circuit is connected, and the battery cooling liquid flows through the third cooling liquid circulation circuit. 6. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, further comprising: Cooling fan-stack cooling mode, which includes: The first cooling liquid circulation loop is connected, and the stack cooling liquid flows through the first cooling liquid circulation loop. 7. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, further comprising: PTC-battery heating mode, which includes: The third coolant circulation loop is connected, and the battery coolant flows through the third coolant circulation loop; The second plate evaporator is opened, the fifth coolant circulation loop is connected, the second plate evaporator is connected to the fifth coolant circulation loop, and the warm air coolant flows through the fifth coolant circulation loop. Coolant circulation loop and the second plate evaporator. 8. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, further comprising: PTC-stack heating mode, which includes: The first coolant circulation loop is connected, and the stack coolant flows through the first coolant circulation loop; The second plate evaporator is opened, the fifth coolant circulation loop is connected, the second plate evaporator is connected to the fifth coolant circulation loop, and the warm air coolant flows through the fifth coolant circulation loop. Coolant circulation loop and the second plate evaporator. 9. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system according to claim 5, further comprising: Passenger compartment cooling + cooling fan - battery cooling mode, which includes: Refrigerant flows through: electric compressor, water-cooled condenser, first electronic expansion valve, first three-way valve, outdoor heat exchanger, second electronic expansion valve, evaporator, gas-liquid separator, electric compressor Among them, the water-cooled condenser does not work; Refrigerant flows through: electric compressor, water-cooled condenser, first electronic expansion valve, first three-way valve, outdoor heat exchanger, second electronic expansion valve, second plate evaporator, gas-liquid separator, electric compressor machine; The fourth coolant circulation loop is connected, and the battery coolant flows through the fourth coolant circulation loop; The third cooling liquid circulation circuit is connected, and the battery cooling liquid flows through the third cooling liquid circulation circuit. 10. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system according to claim 6, further comprising: Passenger compartment cooling + cooling fan - stack cooling mode, which includes: Refrigerant flows through: electric compressor, water-cooled condenser, first electronic expansion valve, first three-way valve, outdoor heat exchanger, second electronic expansion valve, evaporator, gas-liquid separator, electric compressor Among them, the water-cooled condenser does not work; Refrigerant flows through: electric compressor, water-cooled condenser, first electronic expansion valve, first three-way valve, outdoor heat exchanger, second electronic expansion valve, second plate evaporator, gas-liquid separator, electric compressor machine; The second coolant circulation loop is connected, and the stack coolant flows through the second coolant circulation loop; The first cooling liquid circulation loop is connected, and the stack cooling flows through the first cooling circulation loop.

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