CN114600821B - Energy-saving high-density circulating water culture method and system - Google Patents
Energy-saving high-density circulating water culture method and system Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
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- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
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- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
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- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
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- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/38—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/04—Flow arrangements
- C02F2301/046—Recirculation with an external loop
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy-saving high-density circulating water culture method and system. The method adopts various treatment modes to treat the culture water body in a time-sharing manner, before feeding, the culture water body flows into a vertical flow separation device to remove solid dirt with high specific gravity, then flows into a biological tank group to be biologically purified, and flows back into a culture pond after being purified; during the defecation peak period after eating, the culture water flows into the vertical flow separation device for filtration and flows back into the culture pond through the water pump; when the sewage storage cavity of the vertical flow separation device is full, solid sewage is discharged from the vertical flow separation device and then enters the micro-filter for filtration, and the solid sewage discharged from the micro-filter enters the bacteria culturing device for bacteria culturing; when the quality of the aquaculture water reaches the balance point of the aquatic animals, the aquaculture water is partially replaced by the deeply purified water. The method and the system treat the culture water body in a time-sharing and efficient way, and the water body circulation only needs to promote the small water level difference, so that the energy consumption is low, and the culture cost is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high-density circulating water culture, and particularly relates to an energy-saving high-density circulating water culture method and system.
Background
The high-density circulating water culture is the most advanced aquaculture mode at present, and has the advantages of high culture density, small occupied area, small influence of natural environment, water resource conservation, no pollution to ecological environment, less plant diseases and insect pests, high input and high output and the like. However, due to its high cultivation density, the fish discharges a lot of feces after eating, resulting in a faster deterioration of water quality, and if the cultivation water is not purified rapidly, the fish will get ill or die.
CN110679534a discloses a high-density circulating water culture treatment system, which comprises an ultraviolet sterilizer, a cyclone filter, a thermostat, an oxygenerator, an oxygen dissolving cone, a roller microfilter, an oxygen dissolving pump, a balancing tank, a degassing pump, a circulating pump, a protein separator, an ozone machine, a device fan, a biological filter and a degassing sterilization processor, wherein the device is numerous, the purchase cost is high, in addition, the system continuously operates after being put into use, and the system operates at full load, the fish excretions are small before and at night when the fish is fed, the pollutants in the water body are less, if the system operates at full load all day, the energy consumption is quite high, the economic benefit of farmers is greatly reduced, and even the situation of loss occurs, so that the circulating water culture can not be popularized and popularized on a large scale.
CN104430134B discloses an industrial circulating water high-density cultivation system with high efficiency, energy saving and land saving, although aeration energy consumption is reduced by reducing the effective depth of a biological filter bed, and energy saving is realized by using a primary water pump to lift water, the system is operated continuously since equipment such as a roller filter, a vortex solid-liquid separator, a water pump and the like is put into use, the power consumption of the equipment is quite large, the total energy consumption of the system is not effectively reduced, secondly, the running time of the roller filter is long, the blockage is easy, large-particle solid dirt is changed into small-particle solid dirt during flushing, the small-particle solid dirt in water is increased, and the difficulty is brought to subsequent water treatment. In addition, as the amounts of residual baits and feces in the culture water body are continuously changed at different times in one day, the supply of nitrogen sources and carbon sources of biological bacteria in the biological filter bed is unstable, and the biological bacteria can starve and die, so that the biological purification efficiency of the biological filter bed is affected.
The present invention has been made in view of this.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an energy-saving high-density circulating water culture method and system.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the basic conception of the technical scheme that:
an energy-saving high-density circulating water culture method adopts one of a plurality of treatment modes to treat culture water body in a time sharing manner, wherein the plurality of treatment modes comprise:
a first treatment mode, in which the culture water body flows into the vertical flow separation device from the culture pond under the action of a small potential energy difference, solid dirt with high specific gravity enters the dirt storage cavity, and water after the solid dirt is removed flows back into the culture pond through the first water pump, and the first treatment mode is short-range circulation;
in the second treatment mode, the culture water body flows into the vertical flow separation device from the culture pond under the action of a small potential energy difference, solid dirt with high specific gravity enters the dirt storage cavity, water after the solid dirt is removed flows into the biological tank group, is purified through the biological bacterial flora, and the biological bacterial flora is timely supplemented into the biological tank group according to the water quality requirement of high-density culture so that the water body in the culture pond quickly reaches the balance of water phase, algae phase and bacteria phase, and the water after biological purification flows back into the culture pond through the second water pump;
a third treatment mode, wherein solid dirt is discharged from a dirt storage cavity of the vertical flow separation device and then enters the micro-filter, the solid dirt discharged from the micro-filter enters the bacteria culturing device for bacteria culturing, and the solid dirt filtered by the micro-filter enters the fermentation tank for preparing fertilizer;
the method comprises the steps of a treatment mode IV, partially replacing the culture water body with deeply purified water, enabling the culture water body to enter a protein foam remover under the action of a small potential energy difference to remove small-particle-size solid suspended matters, supplementing the deeply purified water into a culture pond after the culture water body flowing into the protein foam remover reaches the proportion of partial water replacement, enabling the replaced culture water body to enter a deep purification device to be purified through biological flora after removing the solid suspended matters, aerating in the biological purification process and supplementing biological bacteria of the bacteria culture device to the deep purification device, and enabling the purified water to be used for the next partial replacement of the water body in the culture pond after sedimentation, disinfection and sterilization;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) operating a first treatment mode 0.5-1 hour before feeding, operating a second treatment mode in a defecation peak period after feeding fish, operating a third treatment mode when a sewage storage cavity of a vertical flow separation device is full, operating a fourth treatment mode when a culture water body reaches a balance point of cultured aquatic animals, and closing each treatment mode after the water quality of the culture water body reaches the water quality requirement of high-density culture;
the culture pond, the vertical flow separation device and the biological tank groups sequentially have small water level differences, each biological tank of the biological tank groups has small water level differences, and the water level differences are related to the porosity of the filler in the biological tank groups.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the first operation time of the treatment mode is 0.5-1 hour, the second operation time of the treatment mode is 1-2 hours, the third operation frequency of the treatment mode is 1-3 weeks, the first operation time is 5 minutes to half an hour, the fourth operation frequency of the treatment mode is 1-2 months, and the proportion of water body in the culture pond replaced by water treated by the deep purification device each time is 20% -50%.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the water head is between 5 and 30 cm.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the treatment mode two pairs of bio-tank groups are all day candidate oxygen to ensure activity of the bio-flora.
The invention also discloses an energy-saving high-density circulating water culture system for realizing the method, which comprises a culture pond, a vertical flow separation device, a micro-filter, a first water pump, a second water pump, a bacteria culture device, a biological tank group, a protein foam remover, a deep purification device and a disinfection and sterilization device, wherein the culture pond is provided with a plurality of vertical flow separation devices, a micro-filter, a first water pump, a second water pump, a bacteria culture device, a biological tank group, a protein foam remover and a disinfection and sterilization device
The culture pond, the vertical flow separation device and the first water pump are connected in series to form a first circulation loop, a small water level difference exists between the culture pond and the vertical flow separation device, the culture water body flows into the vertical flow separation device from the culture pond under the action of the small potential energy difference, solid dirt with high specific gravity enters the dirt storage cavity, and the water after the solid dirt is removed flows back into the culture pond through the first water pump;
the culture pond, the vertical flow separation device, the biological tank group and the second water pump are connected in series to form a second circulation loop, the culture pond, the vertical flow separation device and the biological tank group are sequentially provided with small water level differences, the culture water body flows into the vertical flow separation device from the culture pond under the action of the small potential differences, solid dirt with high specific gravity enters the dirt storage cavity, water after the solid dirt is removed flows into the biological tank group, the biological tank group is purified through biological flora, and the biological flora is timely supplemented into the biological tank group according to the water quality requirement of high-density culture so that the water body in the culture pond can reach water phase, algae phase and bacteria phase balance rapidly, and the water after biological purification flows back into the culture pond through the second water pump;
the vertical flow separation device, the micro-filter and the bacteria culturing device are connected in series to form a bacteria culturing branch, solid dirt is discharged from a dirt storage cavity of the vertical flow separation device and then enters the micro-filter, the solid dirt discharged from the micro-filter enters the bacteria culturing device for culturing bacteria, and the solid dirt filtered by the micro-filter enters a fermentation tank for preparing fertilizer;
the culture pond, the protein foam remover, the deep purification device and the disinfection and sterilization device are connected in series to form a water changing circulation loop, the culture pond, the protein foam remover, the deep purification device and the disinfection and sterilization device are sequentially provided with small water level differences, culture water firstly enters the protein foam remover under the action of the small potential energy differences to remove small-particle-size solid suspended matters, after the culture water flowing into the protein foam remover reaches the proportion of partial water changing, the deeply purified water is supplemented into the culture pond, the replaced culture water enters the deep purification device to be purified through biological flora after the solid suspended matters are removed, aeration is carried out in the biological purification process, biological bacteria of the bacteria culture device are supplemented into the deep purification device, and the purified water is subjected to sedimentation, disinfection and sterilization and then is used for the next round of water replacement in the culture pond;
a second circulation loop is operated 0.5-1 hour before feeding, a first circulation loop is operated in a defecation peak period after fish eat, a bacteria culturing branch is operated when a sewage storage cavity of the vertical flow separation device is full, a water changing circulation loop is operated when the water quality of the culture water body reaches the balance point of the cultured aquatic animals, and after the water quality of the culture water body reaches the water quality requirement of high-density culture, the first circulation loop, the second circulation loop, the bacteria culturing branch and the water changing circulation loop are closed for water circulation;
the culture pond, the vertical flow separation device and the biological tank groups sequentially have small water level differences, each biological tank of the biological tank groups sequentially has water level differences, and the water level differences are related to the porosity of the filler in the biological tank groups.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the primary operation time of the first circulation loop is 0.5-1 hour, the primary operation time of the second circulation loop is 1-2 hours, the operation frequency of the bacteria culturing branch is 1-3 weeks, the primary operation time is 5 minutes to half an hour, the operation frequency of the water changing circulation loop is 1-2 months, and the proportion of water treated by the deep purification device to replace culture water in the culture pond is 20% -50% each time.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the water head is between 5 and 30 cm.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the second circulation loop is configured to provide all day candidate oxygen for the group of biological tanks to ensure activity of the biological flora.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
1. The invention adopts various treatment modes to treat the aquaculture water in a time-sharing way, and when metabolites in the aquaculture water are fixed, compared with the treatment mode of continuously circulating the aquaculture water in the prior art, the time-sharing treatment efficiency is higher, so that the running time of the water treatment equipment is greatly shortened, and the energy consumption of the water treatment equipment is obviously reduced. Secondly, the invention leads the culture pond, the vertical flow separation device and the biological tank group to have small water level difference, thus after corresponding circulation loops are opened, the flow of the water body among the treatment devices can be realized through the communicating vessel principle, compared with the culture water body in the prior art, which is lifted by more than 1 meter among the treatment devices, the potential energy difference of the water is obviously reduced, and meanwhile, the water circulation times are greatly reduced, thus obviously reducing the power consumption of the water pump. By combining the two points, the invention can save energy by 30-80% compared with the circulating water culture method and system in the prior art.
2. In high-density cultivation, the water phase, algae phase and bacteria phase of the cultivation water body are rapidly deteriorated if not timely and efficiently treated, and the water quality of the cultivation water body is rapidly partially changed in water and circulated in the cultivation pond when the water quality of the cultivation water body reaches the balance point of aquatic animals, so that the cultivation water body rapidly reaches the balance of the water phase, the algae phase and the bacteria phase, the water quality requirement of high-density cultivation is met, and the energy consumption is reduced.
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. It is evident that the drawings in the following description are only examples, from which other drawings can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without the inventive effort. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy-saving high-density circulating water culture system.
It should be noted that these drawings and the written description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concept in any way, but to illustrate the inventive concept to those skilled in the art by referring to the specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The invention discloses an energy-saving high-density circulating water culture method. Because the water quality conditions of the culture water body are different in different times of the day, the method adopts different treatment modes to carry out concentrated and efficient treatment on the culture water body in different times, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
in the first treatment mode, the cultivation water body mainly contains residual baits and feces in the defecation peak period after feeding, the amount of the solid dirt is relatively concentrated, at the moment, the cultivation water body is subjected to short-range circulation by adopting the first treatment mode, namely the cultivation water body flows into the inner cylinder of the vertical flow separation device from the cultivation pond through the water inlet arranged in the middle of the side wall of the vertical flow separation device under the action of a small potential energy difference, water flows upwards in the inner cylinder, and in the rising process of the water flow, the solid dirt (the residual baits and the fish feces) with high specific gravity sinks into the dirt storage cavity under the action of gravitational potential energy. After the inner cylinder is filled with water, the water overflows from the lower edge of the inner cylinder to the outer cylinder, the water flow in the outer cylinder is in a relatively static state, small solid particles in the water body are deposited at the bottom of the vertical flow separation device, clear water at the upper part of the outer cylinder overflows into an annular groove formed by the outer cylinder, the partition plate and the side wall, and flows back to the culture pond through a water outlet in the annular groove. The culture pond and the vertical flow separation device have small water level difference, and the water level difference can enable the culture water body to automatically flow from the culture pond to the vertical flow separation device according to the principle of a communicating vessel when the mode is started without any water pump, and the water after removing the solid dirt flows back into the culture pond after being lifted by the first water pump with low lift. The time of one operation of the treatment mode is between 0.5 and 1 hour according to the cultivation density, the power of the treatment equipment and the quality of the feed. The cultivation density is increased, so that the time of the first operation of the treatment mode is correspondingly prolonged; the larger the volume of the vertical flow separation device, the better the quality of the feed (good digestion and absorption after eating by fish, little defecation) the shorter the time the treatment mode is operated once. The vertical flow separation device used in the invention does not consume electric energy, and the separation of solid dirt is realized only through a physical structure.
In the second treatment mode, the culture water body mainly contains urine of fish and a small amount of fish feces before feeding, at the moment, the culture water body flows into the vertical flow separation device under the action of a small potential energy difference, solid dirt (fish feces) with high specific gravity sinks into the dirt storage cavity under the action of gravitational potential energy, and water after the solid dirt is removed flows into the biological tank group for biological purification through biological flora. The bio-tank group includes a plurality of bio-tanks, each having a different bio-filler disposed therein. The biological flora in each biological tank is different and comprises heterotrophic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, facultative bacteria and the like. For example, heterotrophic nitrifiers oxidize organic nitrogen or ammonia to hydroxylamine, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen under aerobic conditions using organic matter as a carbon source. Under anaerobic conditions, the anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria directly take ammonia nitrogen as an electron donor, and nitrite nitrogen or nitrate nitrogen as an electron acceptor, so that the ammonia nitrogen, the nitrite nitrogen and the nitrate nitrogen are directly converted into nitrogen. The facultative anaerobe can perform aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration, so that the organic matters in the culture water can be subjected to aerobic and anaerobic treatment simultaneously. In the biological purification process, biological flora is required to be timely supplemented into the biological tank group according to the water quality requirement of high-density culture so that the water body in the culture pond can reach the balance of water phase, algae phase and bacteria phase rapidly, and the water after biological purification flows back into the culture pond through a low-lift second water pump.
There is a small water level difference between the vertical flow separation device and the biological tank group, and between each level of biological tank and the next level of biological tank in the biological tank group, the water level difference can ensure that the culture water body flows between the vertical flow separation device and the biological tank group and between each level of biological tank and the next level of biological tank in the biological tank group according to the communicating vessel principle after the treatment mode is started without being driven by a water pump, the water level difference is related to the porosity of biological fillers in the biological tank group, and the larger the porosity of the biological fillers is, the smaller the water level difference is, but the smaller the number of bacteria is. The invention seeks the optimal balance point in both the porosity and the bacteria culture amount according to the culture density, thereby determining the optimal water head.
The secondary operation time of the treatment mode is 1-2 hours according to the culture density, the water body temperature, the power of the treatment equipment and the quality of the feed. The run time of treatment mode two is also related to the water temperature compared to treatment mode one, and if the water temperature in the bio-tank group is at the proper temperature for bio-bacterial reaction, the run time of treatment mode two is correspondingly shortened.
And in a third treatment mode, when the sewage storage cavity of the vertical flow separation device is full, discharging solid sewage, then entering the micro-filter, enabling the solid sewage discharged from the micro-filter to enter the bacteria culturing device for bacteria culturing, and enabling the solid sewage filtered by the micro-filter to enter the fermentation tank for producing fertilizer. In the existing circulating water culture system, the water phase of the whole system is changed frequently, and the amount of carbon sources and nitrogen sources in water is more and less, so that the growth and propagation of biological bacteria are influenced, and the degradation speed of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water body is influenced. In addition, the bacteria culture has a certain period of time. For example, nitrifying bacteria can proliferate once only after 20 to 40 hours of cell division under natural conditions and about 8 hours in pure culture. In the prior art, only water passes through a biochemical device, firstly biological bacteria do not proliferate in a short time, and secondly, a certain time is needed for degrading ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in water, so that the method has little significance for improving the water quality of the culture water body, and therefore, the special bacteria culturing device is arranged in the invention to culture various biological bacteria which are useful for improving the water quality of the culture water body. In the bacteria culturing device, the water temperature is controlled in the optimal temperature range suitable for biological bacteria propagation. The operating frequency of the treatment mode III is 1-3 weeks, the operating time of one time is 5 minutes to half an hour, and the actual operating frequency and time are determined according to the culture density, the water body temperature, the power of the treatment equipment, the quality of the feed and the feeding times.
And in a fourth treatment mode, partially replacing the culture water body by the deeply purified water, wherein the culture water body firstly enters the protein foam remover under the action of a small potential energy difference to remove small-particle-size solid suspended matters, after the culture water body flowing into the protein foam remover reaches the proportion of partially changing water, the deeply purified water is supplemented into a culture pond, the replaced culture water body is purified by a deep purification device through biological flora after removing the solid suspended matters, aeration is performed in the biological purification process, biological bacteria of the bacteria culture device are supplemented into the deep purification device, and the purified water is subjected to precipitation, disinfection and sterilization and then is used for the next partial replacement of the water body in the culture pond. In the present invention, the balance point means that if the water quality is further deteriorated, the health of the fish is affected, and the fish is ill and then dies.
In the process of deep purification, a proper amount of biological bacteria of the bacteria culturing device is supplemented to the deep purification device. Biological floating filler is placed in the deep purification device, aeration and oxygenation are carried out, and the biological floating filler is continuously disturbed, so that biological bacteria are fully attached to the biological filler. About 3 to 7 days the biofilm was hanging with a macroscopic, noticeable biofilm. Biological bacteria promote their conversion in ecological chain, decompose organic matter, eliminate harmful matters such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulfide, excessive nitrogen and phosphorus, etc. in the circulating system of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur in water environment, reduce chemical oxygen demand in water effectively, maintain dynamic balance of water environment, inhibit the propagation of harmful microbes and purify water quality. And the replaced water is deeply purified through film forming and degradation. In one embodiment of the invention, aquatic plants capable of decomposing ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like are placed in the deep purification device, and the aquatic plants are utilized to assist in purifying the aquaculture water body. After deep purification, the water is subjected to precipitation, disinfection and sterilization for a plurality of stages, and is reserved for the next round of replacement of the water body of the culture pond. The water phase, the algae phase and the bacterial phase of the culture water body can be quickly balanced by carrying out partial cyclic replacement on the culture water body, so that the water quality requirement of high-density culture is met.
The operating frequency of the treatment mode IV is 1-2 months, and the proportion of water treated by the deep purification device to water in the culture pond is 20-50% each time. The actual operating frequency and time are determined according to the cultivation density, the water body temperature, the power of the treatment equipment, the quality of the feed and the feeding frequency.
The invention also discloses a system for realizing the energy-saving high-density circulating water culture method. As shown in fig. 1, the system comprises a culture pond 10, a vertical flow separation device 20, a micro-filter 30, a first water pump 40, a second water pump 50, a bacteria culturing device 60, a fermentation pond 70, biological tank groups 1-n, a protein foam remover 80, a deep purification device 90 and a disinfection and sterilization device 100, wherein the culture pond 10, the vertical flow separation device 20 and the first water pump 40 are sequentially connected to form a first circulation loop, the culture pond 10, the vertical flow separation device 20, the biological tank groups 1-n and the second water pump 50 are sequentially connected to form a second circulation loop, the vertical flow separation device 20, the micro-filter 30 and the bacteria culturing device 60 form a bacteria culturing branch, and the culture pond 10, the protein foam remover 80, the deep purification device 90 and the disinfection and sterilization device 100 form a water changing circulation loop. According to the energy-saving high-density circulating water culture system, one of the first circulating loop, the second circulating loop, the fungus culturing branch and the water changing circulating loop is opened in a time-sharing mode to perform concentrated and efficient treatment on the culture water body. The running time and frequency of the first and second circulation loops, the fungus culturing branch and the water changing circulation loop are determined according to the culture density, the water body temperature, the power of the treatment equipment, the quality of the feed and the feeding times.
After feeding, fish enter a defecation peak period, the water mainly contains residual baits and feces, and the system selects to operate a first circulation loop to perform centralized and efficient treatment on the culture water body. The culture water body flows into the inner cylinder of the vertical flow separation device 20 from the culture pond 10 through the water inlet in the middle of the side wall of the vertical flow separation device 20 under the action of the small potential energy difference, water flows upwards in the inner cylinder, and solid dirt with high specific gravity (residual bait and fish feces) sink into the dirt storage cavity under the action of gravitational potential energy in the water flow rising process. After the inner cylinder is filled with water, the water overflows from the lower edge of the inner cylinder to the outer cylinder, the water flow in the outer cylinder is in a relatively static state, small solid particles in the water body are deposited at the bottom of the vertical flow separation device, clear water at the upper part of the outer cylinder overflows into an annular groove formed by the outer cylinder, the partition plate and the side wall, and flows back to the culture pond 10 through a water outlet in the annular groove. A small water level difference exists between the culture pond 10 and the vertical flow separation device 20, and the small water level difference can enable the culture water body to automatically flow from the culture pond 10 to the vertical flow separation device 20 according to the principle of a communicating vessel when the mode is started, no water pump is needed, and the water after removing the solid dirt flows back into the culture pond 10 after being lifted by the low-lift first water pump 40. The primary operation time of the first circulation loop is between 0.5 and 1 hour according to the cultivation density, the power of the treatment equipment and the quality of the feed. The cultivation density is increased, so that the time of the first operation of the treatment mode is correspondingly prolonged; the greater the volume of the vertical flow separation device 20, the better the quality of the feed (good digestion and absorption after eating by fish, little defecation) the shorter the time that the treatment mode will run once.
Before feeding, the aquaculture water body mainly contains ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and a part of small amount of fish feces, and at the moment, the system selectively operates a second circulation loop to purify the aquaculture water body. The first circulation loop is closed, the second circulation loop is opened, the culture water body flows into the vertical flow separation device 20 under the action of a small potential energy difference during the operation of the second circulation loop, the solid dirt (fish feces) with high specific gravity sinks into the dirt storage cavity under the action of gravitational potential energy, and the water after the solid dirt is removed flows into the biological tank group for biological purification through biological flora. The bio-tank group includes a plurality of bio-tanks, each having a different bio-filler disposed therein. The biological flora in each biological tank is different and comprises heterotrophic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, facultative bacteria and the like. For example, heterotrophic nitrifiers oxidize organic nitrogen or ammonia to hydroxylamine, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen under aerobic conditions using organic matter as a carbon source. Under anaerobic conditions, the anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria directly take ammonia nitrogen as an electron donor, and nitrite nitrogen or nitrate nitrogen as an electron acceptor, so that the ammonia nitrogen, the nitrite nitrogen and the nitrate nitrogen are directly converted into nitrogen. The facultative anaerobe can perform aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration, so that the organic matters in the culture water can be subjected to aerobic and anaerobic treatment simultaneously. In the biological purification process, biological flora is required to be timely supplemented into the biological tank group according to the water quality requirement of high-density culture so that the water body in the culture pond can reach the balance of water phase, algae phase and bacteria phase rapidly, and the water after biological purification flows back into the culture pond through a low-lift second water pump.
There is a small water level difference between the vertical flow separation device and the biological tank group, and between each level of biological tank and the next level of biological tank in the biological tank group, the small water level difference can ensure that the culture water body flows between the vertical flow separation device and the biological tank group and between each level of biological tank and the next level of biological tank in the biological tank group according to the communicating vessel principle after the treatment mode is started without being driven by a water pump, the water level difference is related to the porosity of biological fillers in the biological tank group, and the larger the porosity of the biological fillers is, the smaller the water level difference is, but the smaller the number of bacteria is. The invention seeks the optimal balance point in both the porosity and the bacteria culture amount according to the culture density, thereby determining the optimal water head.
The primary operation time of the second circulation loop is 1-2 hours according to the culture density, the water temperature, the power of the treatment equipment and the quality of the feed. The operation time of the second circulation loop is also related to the water temperature compared to the first circulation loop, and if the water temperature in the bio-tank group is at the proper temperature for the bio-bacterial reaction, the operation time of the second circulation loop is correspondingly shortened.
When the sewage storage cavity of the vertical flow separation device 20 is full, the system starts a bacteria culturing branch, namely solid sewage is discharged from the sewage storage cavity of the vertical flow separation device 20 and then enters the micro-filter, the solid sewage discharged from the micro-filter enters the bacteria culturing device for bacteria culturing, and the solid sewage filtered by the micro-filter enters the fermentation tank for fertilizer production. In the existing circulating water culture system, the water phase of the whole system is changed frequently, and the amount of carbon sources and nitrogen sources in water is more and less, so that the growth and propagation of biological bacteria are influenced, and the degradation speed of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water body is influenced. In addition, the bacteria culture has a certain period of time. For example, nitrifying bacteria can proliferate once only after 20 to 40 hours of cell division under natural conditions and about 8 hours in pure culture. In the prior art, only water passes through a biochemical device, firstly biological bacteria do not proliferate in a short time, and secondly, a certain time is needed for degrading ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in water, so that the method has little significance for improving the water quality of the culture water body, and therefore, the special bacteria culturing device is arranged in the invention to culture various biological bacteria which are useful for improving the water quality of the culture water body. In the bacteria culturing device, the water temperature is controlled in the optimal temperature range suitable for biological bacteria propagation. The operating frequency of the fungus culturing branch is 1-3 weeks, the operating time of the fungus culturing branch is 5 minutes to half an hour, and the actual operating frequency and time are determined according to the culturing density, the water body temperature, the power of the treatment equipment, the quality of the feed and the feeding times.
When the water quality of the aquaculture water reaches the balance point of the cultured aquatic animals, the system starts a water changing circulation loop to carry out high-efficiency treatment on the aquaculture water, namely, the aquaculture water is partially replaced by the deeply purified water, the aquaculture water firstly enters a protein foam remover under the action of a small potential energy difference to remove small-particle-size solid suspended matters, after the aquaculture water flowing into the protein foam remover reaches the proportion of partially changing water, the deeply purified water is supplemented into the aquaculture pond, the replaced aquaculture water enters a deep purification device to be purified through biological flora after the solid suspended matters are removed, aeration is carried out in the biological purification process and biological bacteria of the bacteria culture device are supplemented into the deep purification device, and the purified water is subjected to sedimentation, disinfection and sterilization and then is used for the next partial replacement of the water in the aquaculture pond. In the present invention, the balance point means that if the water quality is further deteriorated, the health of the fish is affected, and the fish is ill and then dies.
In the process of deep purification, a proper amount of biological bacteria of the bacteria culturing device is supplemented to the deep purification device. Biological floating filler is placed in the deep purification device, aeration and oxygenation are carried out, and the biological floating filler is continuously disturbed, so that biological bacteria are fully attached to the biological filler. About 3 to 7 days the biofilm was hanging with a macroscopic, noticeable biofilm. Biological bacteria promote their conversion in ecological chain, decompose organic matter, eliminate harmful matters such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulfide, excessive nitrogen and phosphorus, etc. in the circulating system of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur in water environment, reduce chemical oxygen demand in water effectively, maintain dynamic balance of water environment, inhibit the propagation of harmful microbes and purify water quality. And the replaced water is deeply purified through film forming and degradation. In one embodiment of the invention, aquatic plants capable of decomposing ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like are placed in the deep purification device, and the aquatic plants are utilized to assist in purifying the aquaculture water body. After deep purification, the water is subjected to precipitation, disinfection and sterilization for a plurality of stages, and is reserved for the next round of replacement of the water body of the culture pond. The water phase, the algae phase and the bacterial phase of the culture water body can be quickly balanced by carrying out partial cyclic replacement on the culture water body, so that the water quality requirement of high-density culture is met.
The operation frequency of the water changing circulation loop is 1-2 months, and the proportion of water treated by the deep purification device to the culture water body in the culture pond is 20-50% each time. The actual operating frequency and time are determined according to the cultivation density, the water body temperature, the power of the treatment equipment, the quality of the feed and the feeding frequency.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts various treatment modes to treat the aquaculture water in a time-sharing way, and when metabolites in the aquaculture water are fixed, compared with the treatment mode of continuously circulating the aquaculture water in the prior art, the time-sharing treatment efficiency is higher, so that the running time of the water treatment equipment is greatly shortened, and the energy consumption of the water treatment equipment is obviously reduced. Secondly, the invention leads the culture pond, the vertical flow separation device and the biological tank group to have small water level difference, thus after corresponding circulation loops are opened, the flow of the water body among the treatment devices can be realized through the communicating vessel principle, compared with the culture water body in the prior art, which is lifted by more than 1 meter among the treatment devices, the potential energy difference of the water is obviously reduced, and meanwhile, the water circulation times are greatly reduced, thus obviously reducing the power consumption of the water pump. By combining the two points, the invention can save energy by 30-80% compared with the circulating water culture method and system in the prior art.
2. In high-density cultivation, the water phase, algae phase and bacteria phase of the cultivation water body are rapidly deteriorated if not timely and efficiently treated, and the water quality of the cultivation water body is rapidly balanced by the water-changing circulation of the cultivation pond when the water quality of the cultivation water body reaches the balance point of aquatic animals, so that the water phase, the algae phase and the bacteria phase of the cultivation water body are rapidly balanced, the water quality requirement of high-density cultivation is met, and the energy consumption is reduced.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiment disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. An energy-saving high-density circulating water culture method is characterized in that: the energy-saving high-density circulating water culture method adopts one of a plurality of treatment modes to treat the culture water body in a time sharing manner, and the plurality of treatment modes comprise:
a first treatment mode, in which the culture water body flows into the vertical flow separation device from the culture pond under the action of a small potential energy difference, solid dirt with high specific gravity enters the dirt storage cavity, and water after the solid dirt is removed flows back into the culture pond through the first water pump, and the first treatment mode is short-range circulation;
in the second treatment mode, the culture water body flows into the vertical flow separation device from the culture pond under the action of a small potential energy difference, solid dirt with high specific gravity enters the dirt storage cavity, water after the solid dirt is removed flows into the biological tank group, is purified through the biological bacterial flora, and the biological bacterial flora is timely supplemented into the biological tank group according to the water quality requirement of high-density culture so that the water body in the culture pond quickly reaches the balance of water phase, algae phase and bacteria phase, and the water after biological purification flows back into the culture pond through the second water pump;
a third treatment mode, wherein solid dirt is discharged from a dirt storage cavity of the vertical flow separation device and then enters the micro-filter, the solid dirt discharged from the micro-filter enters the bacteria culturing device for bacteria culturing, and the solid dirt filtered by the micro-filter enters the fermentation tank for preparing fertilizer;
the method comprises the steps of a treatment mode IV, partially replacing the culture water body with deeply purified water, enabling the culture water body to enter a protein foam remover under the action of a small potential energy difference to remove small-particle-size solid suspended matters, supplementing the deeply purified water into a culture pond after the culture water body flowing into the protein foam remover reaches the proportion of partial water replacement, enabling the replaced culture water body to enter a deep purification device to be purified through biological flora after removing the solid suspended matters, aerating in the biological purification process and supplementing biological bacteria of the bacteria culture device to the deep purification device, and enabling the purified water to be used for the next partial replacement of the water body in the culture pond after sedimentation, disinfection and sterilization;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) operating a first treatment mode 0.5-1 hour before feeding, operating a second treatment mode in a defecation peak period after feeding fish, operating a third treatment mode when a sewage storage cavity of a vertical flow separation device is full, operating a fourth treatment mode when a culture water body reaches a balance point of cultured aquatic animals, and closing each treatment mode after the water quality of the culture water body reaches the water quality requirement of high-density culture;
the culture pond, the vertical flow separation device and the biological tank groups sequentially have small water level differences, each biological tank of the biological tank groups has small water level differences, and the water level differences are related to the porosity of the filler in the biological tank groups.
2. The energy-saving high-density circulating water culture method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the first operation time of the treatment mode is 0.5-1 hour, the second operation time of the treatment mode is 1-2 hours, the operation frequency of the third treatment mode is 1-3 weeks, the first operation time is 5 minutes to half an hour, the operation frequency of the fourth treatment mode is 1-2 months, and the proportion of water body in the culture pond replaced by water treated by the deep purification device is 20% -50% each time.
3. The energy-saving high-density circulating water culture method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the water level difference is between 5 cm and 30 cm.
4. The energy-saving high-density circulating water culture method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the treatment mode two pairs of biological tank groups are all-day candidate oxygen to ensure the activity of biological flora.
5. An energy-saving high-density circulating water culture system for realizing the method of claim 1, comprising a culture pond, a vertical flow separation device, a micro-filter, a first water pump, a second water pump, a bacteria culture device, a biological tank group, a protein foam remover, a deep purification device and a disinfection and sterilization device, and being characterized in that:
the culture pond, the vertical flow separation device and the first water pump are connected in series to form a first circulation loop, a small water level difference exists between the culture pond and the vertical flow separation device, the culture water body flows into the vertical flow separation device from the culture pond under the action of the small potential energy difference, solid dirt with high specific gravity enters the dirt storage cavity, and the water after the solid dirt is removed flows back into the culture pond through the first water pump;
the culture pond, the vertical flow separation device, the biological tank group and the second water pump are connected in series to form a second circulation loop, the culture pond, the vertical flow separation device and the biological tank group are sequentially provided with small water level differences, the culture water body flows into the vertical flow separation device from the culture pond under the action of the small potential differences, solid dirt with high specific gravity enters the dirt storage cavity, water after the solid dirt is removed flows into the biological tank group, the biological tank group is purified through biological flora, and the biological flora is timely supplemented into the biological tank group according to the water quality requirement of high-density culture so that the water body in the culture pond can reach water phase, algae phase and bacteria phase balance rapidly, and the water after biological purification flows back into the culture pond through the second water pump;
the vertical flow separation device, the micro-filter and the bacteria culturing device are connected in series to form a bacteria culturing branch, solid dirt is discharged from a dirt storage cavity of the vertical flow separation device and then enters the micro-filter, the solid dirt discharged from the micro-filter enters the bacteria culturing device for culturing bacteria, and the solid dirt filtered by the micro-filter enters a fermentation tank for preparing fertilizer;
the culture pond, the protein foam remover, the deep purification device and the disinfection and sterilization device are connected in series to form a water changing circulation loop, the culture pond, the protein foam remover, the deep purification device and the disinfection and sterilization device are sequentially provided with small water level differences, culture water firstly enters the protein foam remover under the action of the small potential energy differences to remove small-particle-size solid suspended matters, after the culture water flowing into the protein foam remover reaches the proportion of partial water changing, the deeply purified water is supplemented into the culture pond, the replaced culture water enters the deep purification device to be purified through biological flora after the solid suspended matters are removed, aeration is carried out in the biological purification process, biological bacteria of the bacteria culture device are supplemented into the deep purification device, and the purified water is subjected to sedimentation, disinfection and sterilization and then is used for the next round of water replacement in the culture pond;
a second circulation loop is operated 0.5-1 hour before feeding, a first circulation loop is operated in a defecation peak period after fish eat, a bacteria culturing branch is operated when a sewage storage cavity of the vertical flow separation device is full, a water changing circulation loop is operated when the water quality of the culture water body reaches the balance point of the cultured aquatic animals, and after the water quality of the culture water body reaches the water quality requirement of high-density culture, the first circulation loop, the second circulation loop, the bacteria culturing branch and the water changing circulation loop are closed for water circulation;
the culture pond, the vertical flow separation device and the biological tank groups sequentially have small water level differences, each biological tank of the biological tank groups sequentially has water level differences, and the water level differences are related to the porosity of the filler in the biological tank groups.
6. The energy efficient high density circulating aquaculture system of claim 5, wherein: the primary operation time of the first circulation loop is 0.5-1 hour, the primary operation time of the second circulation loop is 1-2 hours, the operation frequency of the fungus culturing branch is 1-3 weeks, the primary operation time is 5 minutes to half an hour, the operation frequency of the water changing circulation loop is 1-2 months, and the proportion of water in the culture pond to be replaced by water treated by the deep purification device is 20% -50% each time.
7. The energy efficient high density circulating aquaculture system of claim 5, wherein: the water level difference is between 5 cm and 30 cm.
8. The energy efficient high density circulating aquaculture system of claim 5, wherein: the second circulation loop is used for providing oxygen for all-day candidate of the biological tank group so as to ensure the activity of biological flora.
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