CN114589464A - Method for machining inner hole of high-precision long and thin cylindrical part - Google Patents
Method for machining inner hole of high-precision long and thin cylindrical part Download PDFInfo
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- CN114589464A CN114589464A CN202210250491.XA CN202210250491A CN114589464A CN 114589464 A CN114589464 A CN 114589464A CN 202210250491 A CN202210250491 A CN 202210250491A CN 114589464 A CN114589464 A CN 114589464A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZJEWVOJUXVSQAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Arborone Natural products OCC1C(OCC1(O)C(=O)c2ccc3OCOc3c2)c4ccc5OCOc5c4 ZJEWVOJUXVSQAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for processing an inner hole of a high-precision slender cylinder part, which comprises the following steps: 1) blanking, roughly turning an excircle, roughly boring an inner hole, carrying out aging treatment, checking, flattening an end face and chamfering an inner angle, semi-finely turning the excircle, semi-finely turning the inner hole, carrying out aging treatment, checking and turning an excircle datum; 2) semi-finish boring an inner hole; 3) finish turning the appearance: placing a workpiece on a numerical control lathe, sleeving a core rod clamp in an inner hole of the part to clamp the part, and then finely turning the external dimension of the part; 4) groove milling: processing an upper groove of the circumferential step; 5) finely boring an inner hole: and finely boring an inner hole in a five-axis machining center. According to the invention, the appearance of the part is firstly processed, and then the inner hole of the part is processed, so that the problem of inner hole surface scratch caused by the installation of a workpiece in a numerical control turning and finishing clamp in the appearance finishing process is solved; when boring an inner hole, the principle that the positioning surface of the V-shaped groove I is finely finished once when the positioning fixture is installed and positioned on a machine tool once is adopted, and the installation error of the fixture is solved; the product quality is ensured, and the consistency of the form and position tolerance of the product is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of manufacturing of long and thin cylindrical parts, and is suitable for machining the surface of an inner hole of a high-precision long and thin cylindrical part.
Background
The slender cylinder is a key part of a certain buffering system of manned aerospace, the demand is single piece and small batch, the material is aluminum alloy, the length-diameter ratio of an inner hole of the part is more than or equal to 7 times of the diameter, and the part is a typical slender cylinder part. The part has high processing precision, the size precision of an inner hole of the part is high, the cylindricity is 0.03mm, the coaxiality of an inner circle and an outer circle is phi 0.02mm, and the surface roughness is Ra0.4 mu m, for a single small batch of parts, the original process method of the inner hole of the slender cylindrical part is finished by boring with a numerical control lathe, but the numerical control lathe needs to position the inner hole through a mandrel clamp to ensure the straightness and the cylindricity of the processed outer circle; the clamping of part hole (because of excircle required precision fit clearance is little), the hole clamping causes the many mar in surface, and the part hole does not allow slight mar, therefore the quality of part can't guarantee, and the rejection rate is high, and it is difficult to reach the pattern requirement, and the quality is very unstable.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the high-precision inner hole machining method for the slender cylindrical parts, which can enable the parts to be easily clamped, ensure the product quality and reduce the production cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for machining an inner hole of a high-precision long and thin cylindrical part comprises the following steps:
1) blanking, roughly turning an excircle, roughly boring an inner hole, carrying out aging treatment, checking, flattening an end face and chamfering an inner angle, semi-finely turning the excircle, semi-finely turning the inner hole, carrying out aging treatment, checking and turning an excircle datum;
2) semi-finish boring an inner hole: semi-finish boring an inner hole on a horizontal machining center machine tool to ensure that the coaxiality of the inner hole and an outer circle is within phi 0.02 mm;
3) finish turning the appearance: placing the part on a numerical control lathe, sleeving a core rod clamp in an inner hole to clamp the part, and then finely turning the external dimension of the part until the precision meets the requirement of a drawing;
4) groove milling: processing a groove on a circumferential step of the part;
5) finely boring an inner hole: and finely boring an inner hole in a five-axis machining center.
In the method for machining the inner hole of the high-precision long and thin cylindrical part, when the inner hole is bored in the step 2) and in the step 5) in a semi-finish manner, a positioning fixture is adopted to clamp the part, the positioning fixture comprises a V-shaped positioning block and a V-shaped pressing plate, the V-shaped positioning block is in a cuboid shape with a V-shaped groove I on the top surface, a V-shaped groove II is arranged on the lower end surface of the V-shaped pressing plate, the V-shaped pressing plate is arranged on the V-shaped positioning block, and the V-shaped groove I is positioned under the V-shaped groove II; after the positioning fixture is installed and positioned on a machine tool, the V-shaped groove I positioning surface of the V-shaped positioning block 3 is finely finished; the excircle benchmark of the part is supported in the V-shaped grooves I of the two positioning clamps and is pressed tightly through the V-shaped pressing plate.
In the method for processing the inner hole of the high-precision slender cylinder part, the boring cutter adopted in the step 2) of semi-finish boring the inner hole and the step 5) of finish boring the inner hole comprises a cutter handle, a cutter bar, a boring head and a boring blade; the handle of a knife coaxial coupling cutter arbor one end, the other end fixed mounting boring head of cutter arbor, the bore hole blade fixed mounting is on the boring head.
In the method for processing the inner hole of the high-precision long and thin cylindrical part, the boring blade of the boring cutter is a diamond blade.
In the method for machining the inner hole of the high-precision long and thin cylindrical part, when the inner hole is semi-finely bored in the step 2) and finely bored in the step 5), after the boring cutter is clamped on a machine tool, the runout of the boring cutter from the near end of a main shaft of the machine tool is less than or equal to 0.006, and the runout of the boring cutter from the far end of the main shaft of the machine tool is less than or equal to 0.02.
In the method for processing the inner hole of the high-precision long and thin cylindrical part, when the inner hole is finely bored in the step 5), the rotary cutting speed of the boring cutter is v =540 m/min; the feeding speed of the boring cutter is f =30 mm/min; and (4) boring a single-edge cutting depth t =0.05mm each time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the appearance of the part is firstly processed, and then the inner hole of the part is processed, so that the problem that the surface of the inner hole is scratched when a workpiece is installed in a numerical control turning finish fixture in a finish turning appearance process is solved; when boring an inner hole, the principle that the positioning surface of the V-shaped groove I is finely finished once after the positioning fixture is installed and positioned on a machine tool once is adopted, and the installation error of the fixture is effectively solved; the product quality is ensured, the consistency of the form and position tolerance of the product is good, the rejection rate is reduced, and further the production cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an elongated cylindrical part machined in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of an elongated cylindrical part machined in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a structural view of a positioning jig used in boring in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a boring cutter used in boring according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention comprises the following steps:
1) blanking, roughly turning an outer circle, roughly boring an inner hole, carrying out aging treatment, inspecting, flattening an end face and chamfering an inner angle, semi-finely turning the outer circle, semi-finely turning the inner hole, carrying out aging treatment, inspecting and turning an outer circle reference;
2) semi-finish boring an inner hole: semi-finish boring an inner hole on a machining center machine tool, and ensuring that the coaxiality of the inner hole and an outer circle is within phi 0.02 mm;
3) finish turning the appearance: placing the part on a numerical control lathe, sleeving a core rod clamp in an inner hole to clamp the part, and then finely turning the external dimension of the part until the precision meets the requirement of a drawing;
4) groove milling: machining a groove on a circumferential step of a part;
5) finely boring an inner hole: and finely boring an inner hole in a five-axis machining center. The rotary cutting speed of the boring cutter is v =540 m/min; the feeding speed of the boring cutter is f =30 mm/min; and (4) boring a single-edge cutting depth t =0.05mm each time.
As shown in fig. 3, when the inner hole is bored semi-finely in step 2) and finely in step 5), a positioning fixture is used for clamping the part 2, the positioning fixture comprises a V-shaped positioning block 3 and a V-shaped pressing plate 1, the V-shaped positioning block 3 is a cuboid with a V-shaped groove I on the top surface, a V-shaped groove ii is arranged on the lower end surface of the V-shaped pressing plate 1, the V-shaped pressing plate 1 is arranged on the V-shaped positioning block 3, and the V-shaped groove I is located under the V-shaped groove ii. After the positioning fixture is installed and positioned on a machine tool, a dial indicator is adopted for correction, and then a machining cutter is used for finely trimming the positioning surface in the V-shaped groove I of the V-shaped positioning block 3, so that the positioning and clamping errors are eliminated, and the part is kept from being influenced by the installation precision of the fixture during machining. The excircle benchmark of the part 2 is supported in the V-shaped grooves I of the two positioning clamps and is pressed tightly by the V-shaped pressing plate 1.
The boring cutter adopted in the step 2) of semi-finish boring the inner hole and the step 5) of finish boring the inner hole comprises a cutter handle 4, a cutter bar 5, a boring head 6 and a boring blade 7; the cutter handle 4 is coaxially connected with one end of the cutter rod 5, the other end of the cutter rod 5 is fixedly provided with a boring head 6, and the boring blade 7 is fixedly arranged on the boring head 6. The tool holder 4 adopts a BT40-HDC31-754 high-precision hydraulic milling tool holder, the tool holder 5 adopts an ST31W-CK3-310 hard alloy straight rod boring tool holder, the boring head 6 adopts a EWN32-60CKB3 fine boring head, and the boring blade 7 adopts a diamond blade. After the boring tool is clamped on the machine tool, the jumping of the boring tool from the near end of the main shaft of the machine tool is less than or equal to 0.006, and the jumping of the boring tool from the far end of the main shaft of the machine tool is less than or equal to 0.02.
Claims (6)
1. A method for machining an inner hole of a high-precision long and thin cylindrical part comprises the following steps:
1) blanking, roughly turning an excircle, roughly boring an inner hole, carrying out aging treatment, checking, flattening an end face and chamfering an inner angle, semi-finely turning the excircle, semi-finely turning the inner hole, carrying out aging treatment, checking and turning an excircle datum;
2) semi-finish boring an inner hole: semi-finish boring an inner hole on a horizontal machining center machine tool to ensure that the coaxiality of the inner hole and an outer circle is within phi 0.02 mm;
3) finish turning the appearance: placing the part on a numerical control lathe, sleeving a core rod clamp into an inner hole of the part to clamp the part, and then finely turning the external dimension of the part until the precision meets the requirement of a drawing;
4) groove milling: processing a groove on a circumferential step of the part;
5) finely boring an inner hole: and finely boring an inner hole in a five-axis machining center.
2. The method for machining the inner hole of the high-precision slender cylinder part according to claim 1, wherein during the step 2) of semi-finish boring the inner hole and during the step 5) of finish boring the inner hole, a positioning fixture is adopted for clamping the part, the positioning fixture comprises a V-shaped positioning block and a V-shaped pressing plate, the V-shaped positioning block is in a cuboid shape with a V-shaped groove I on the top surface, a V-shaped groove II is formed in the lower end surface of the V-shaped pressing plate, the V-shaped pressing plate is installed on the V-shaped positioning block, and the V-shaped groove I is located right below the V-shaped groove II; after the positioning fixture is installed and positioned on a machine tool, the V-shaped groove I positioning surface of the V-shaped positioning block 3 is finely finished; the excircle benchmark of the part is supported in the V-shaped grooves I of the two positioning clamps and is pressed tightly through the V-shaped pressing plate.
3. The method for machining the inner hole of the high-precision slender cylindrical part according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the boring tool adopted in the step 2) of semi-finish boring the inner hole and the step 5) of finish boring the inner hole comprises a tool shank, a tool bar, a boring head and a boring blade; the handle of a knife coaxial coupling cutter arbor one end, the other end fixed mounting boring head of cutter arbor, the bore hole blade fixed mounting is on the boring head.
4. The method for machining the inner hole of the high-precision elongated cylindrical part as claimed in claim 3, wherein the boring blade of the boring cutter is a diamond blade.
5. The method for machining the inner hole of the high-precision slender cylindrical part according to claim 1, wherein when the inner hole is semi-finely bored in the step 2) and finely bored in the step 5), after the boring tool is clamped on a machine tool, the runout of the boring tool from the near end of a main shaft of the machine tool is less than or equal to 0.006, and the runout of the boring tool from the far end of the main shaft of the machine tool is less than or equal to 0.02.
6. The method for machining the inner hole of the high-precision elongated cylindrical part as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5) of finely boring the inner hole, the rotary cutting speed of the boring cutter is v =540 m/min; the feeding speed of the boring cutter is f =30 mm/min; and (4) boring a single-edge cutting depth t =0.05mm each time.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210250491.XA CN114589464A (en) | 2022-03-15 | 2022-03-15 | Method for machining inner hole of high-precision long and thin cylindrical part |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210250491.XA CN114589464A (en) | 2022-03-15 | 2022-03-15 | Method for machining inner hole of high-precision long and thin cylindrical part |
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| CN114589464A true CN114589464A (en) | 2022-06-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202210250491.XA Pending CN114589464A (en) | 2022-03-15 | 2022-03-15 | Method for machining inner hole of high-precision long and thin cylindrical part |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115194418A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-10-18 | 江阴天澄机械装备有限公司 | Processing technology of integrated special-shaped thin-wall shell |
| CN116833684A (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-10-03 | 四川川润液压润滑设备有限公司 | Preparation process and tool of precise ram |
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Cited By (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN116833684A (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-10-03 | 四川川润液压润滑设备有限公司 | Preparation process and tool of precise ram |
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Application publication date: 20220607 |