Efficient liquid hydrogen fuel system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of energy utilization, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency liquid hydrogen fuel system.
Background
The hydrogen energy is used as a secondary energy source, can be prepared by utilizing renewable natural energy sources such as solar energy, water and the like, thoroughly realizes zero pollution and zero emission of the whole cycle, becomes a new energy source which is concerned by people, and is developed in the economy developed countries such as the United states, germany, japan and the like by taking a fuel cell automobile as a main application field. In recent years, fuel cell automobiles have gradually become important carriers for development of automobiles and energy fields in China, become strategic choices for optimizing energy consumption structures and guaranteeing national energy supply safety, and also gradually become the largest market for global hydrogen energy consumption in China.
The current technology development in the field of hydrogen fuel cell automobiles is mature and the application is the most extensive, along with the continuous increase of the requirements on mass storage and efficient transportation of hydrogen, the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle adopted at present has low hydrogen storage density (not more than 5% of total mass) and small loading capacity (the maximum volume of the high-pressure vehicle-mounted hydrogen bottle in China is 210L, the pressure is 35MPa, the density is 24g/L and the maximum loading capacity is about 5 kg), the defects of the hydrogen fuel cell automobiles cannot meet the requirements on the use and popularization of the hydrogen fuel cell automobiles, the liquid hydrogen (boiling point-253 ℃ and the density of 71g/L and the critical pressure of 1.3 MPa) is generated as the hydrogen storage form with the highest purity, the maximum energy density in unit volume and mass in the hydrogen energy storage, and the weight of the liquid hydrogen bottle under the same effective loading volume is much lighter than that of various high-pressure hydrogen storage bottles, so the liquid hydrogen bottle is more suitable for being carried by long-distance transportation vehicles and has larger endurance, higher transportation efficiency and lower transportation cost.
The liquid hydrogen has the characteristics of easy leakage, easy diffusion, hydrogen embrittlement, easy combustion, spontaneous combustion, ultralow temperature and the like, even if the best heat insulation means are adopted, evaporation loss can be inevitably generated when the liquid hydrogen bottle is in the filling process and the vehicle stops running for a long time, and how to realize long-time lossless storage and improve the utilization efficiency of the liquid hydrogen on the vehicle is always an important direction and content of research. The above reasons also lead to the fact that the existing liquid hydrogen bottles cannot be loaded and applied in batches for hydrogen fuel cell automobiles at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an efficient liquid hydrogen fuel system.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The efficient liquid hydrogen fuel system comprises a liquid hydrogen bottle and an air heat exchanger matched with the liquid hydrogen bottle, wherein the liquid hydrogen bottle comprises a gas bottle inner container, a gas bottle heat insulation layer and a gas bottle shell are sequentially arranged outside the gas bottle inner container from inside to outside, a liquefied air layer is arranged between the gas bottle inner container and the gas bottle heat insulation layer, a vacuum layer is arranged between the gas bottle heat insulation layer and the gas bottle shell, and a liquid hydrogen inlet pipeline, a liquid hydrogen outlet pipeline and a first safety valve are connected to the gas bottle inner container; the liquid hydrogen outlet pipeline and the liquefied air inlet pipeline are connected with the air heat exchanger so as to cool air into liquefied air by using liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen outlet pipeline and then input the liquefied air into the liquefied air inlet pipeline for use.
Preferably, the air heat exchanger is provided with a first medium inlet, a first medium outlet, a second medium inlet and a second medium outlet, the first medium inlet and the first medium outlet are connected through a heat exchange tube, the liquid hydrogen outlet pipeline is connected with the first medium inlet, the first medium outlet is connected with a liquid hydrogen utilization pipeline, the liquefied air inlet pipeline is connected with the second medium outlet, and the second medium inlet is communicated with the outside air.
More preferably, a buffer tank is arranged on the liquid hydrogen utilization pipeline.
Preferably, the air heat exchanger comprises an air heat exchanger inner container, and an air heat exchanger heat insulation layer and an air heat exchanger shell which are sequentially arranged outside the air heat exchanger inner container.
Preferably, the liquid hydrogen outlet pipeline is provided with a liquid hydrogen outlet valve.
Preferably, the liquefied air inlet pipe is provided with a liquefied air inlet valve and a liquefied air storage tank.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The high-efficiency liquid hydrogen fuel system has ingenious structure, designs a brand-new liquid hydrogen bottle structure, fully utilizes the characteristic of ultralow temperature of liquid hydrogen, and adopts an air-air heat exchanger to obtain liquefied air and store cold when the liquid hydrogen bottle supplies air to an engine; after the automobile is parked, when the liquid hydrogen bottle does not work, liquefied air absorbs external heat leakage between the inner container of the liquid hydrogen bottle and the heat insulation layer of the gas bottle, so that the absorbed heat of the liquid hydrogen bottle is reduced, the longer liquid hydrogen nondestructive storage time is realized, the phenomenon that the liquid hydrogen is quickly evaporated due to overlarge external heat conduction quantity of the liquid hydrogen bottle, the pressure in the bottle is overhigh, and the safety valve frequently jumps to cause the liquid hydrogen loss is avoided, the batch loading and the application of the liquid hydrogen bottle are greatly facilitated, the environmental adaptability is good, the practicability is strong, and the popularization is worth.
Drawings
For ease of illustration, the invention is described in detail by the following specific examples and figures.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
In the figure: 1. liquid hydrogen; 2. a gas cylinder insulating layer; 3. a gas cylinder liner; 4. liquefying an air layer; 5. a gas cylinder housing; 6. a liquid hydrogen outlet valve; 7. a liquefied air inlet valve; 8. an air heat exchanger housing; 9. a heat exchange tube; 10. an air heat exchanger liner; 11. an air heat exchanger insulating layer; 12. a liquefied air storage tank; 13. a buffer tank; 14. a first safety valve; 15. a liquid hydrogen outlet conduit; 16. a liquefied air inlet pipe; 17 liquid hydrogen utilization pipelines; 18. and a second relief valve.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the efficient liquid hydrogen fuel system comprises a liquid hydrogen bottle 20 and an air heat exchanger 30 which is matched with the liquid hydrogen bottle 20, wherein the liquid hydrogen bottle 20 comprises a gas bottle inner container 3, a gas bottle heat insulation layer 2 and a gas bottle outer shell 5 are sequentially arranged outside the gas bottle inner container 3 from inside to outside, a liquefied air layer 4 is arranged between the gas bottle inner container 3 and the gas bottle heat insulation layer 2, a vacuum layer is arranged between the gas bottle heat insulation layer 2 and the gas bottle outer shell 5, a liquid hydrogen inlet pipeline (not shown in the figure), a liquid hydrogen outlet pipeline 15 and a first safety valve 14 are connected to the gas bottle inner container 3, and a second safety valve 18 and a liquefied air inlet pipeline 16 are also connected to the gas bottle heat insulation layer 2; the liquid hydrogen outlet pipeline 15 and the liquefied air inlet pipeline 16 are connected with the air heat exchanger 30, so that the liquid hydrogen 1 in the liquid hydrogen outlet pipeline 15 is used for cooling air into liquefied air, and then the liquefied air is input into the liquefied air inlet pipeline 16 for use.
The air heat exchanger 30 is provided with a first medium inlet, a first medium outlet, a second medium inlet and a second medium outlet, the first medium inlet and the first medium outlet are connected through the heat exchange tube 9, the liquid hydrogen outlet pipeline 15 is connected with the first medium inlet, the first medium outlet is connected with a liquid hydrogen utilization pipeline 17, the liquefied air inlet pipeline 16 is connected with the second medium outlet, and the second medium inlet is communicated with the outside air.
The liquid hydrogen utilization pipeline 17 is provided with a buffer tank 13.
The air heat exchanger 30 comprises an air heat exchanger liner 10, and an air heat exchanger heat insulation layer 11 and an air heat exchanger shell 8 which are sequentially arranged outside the air heat exchanger liner 10.
The liquid hydrogen outlet pipeline 15 is provided with a liquid hydrogen outlet valve 6.
The liquefied air inlet pipe 16 is provided with a liquefied air inlet valve 7 and a liquefied air storage tank 12.
The high-efficiency liquid hydrogen fuel system has ingenious structure, designs a brand-new liquid hydrogen bottle structure, fully utilizes the characteristic of ultralow temperature of liquid hydrogen, and adopts an air-air heat exchanger to obtain liquefied air and store cold when the liquid hydrogen bottle supplies air to an engine; after the automobile is parked, when the liquid hydrogen bottle does not work, liquefied air absorbs external heat leakage between the inner container of the liquid hydrogen bottle and the heat insulation layer of the gas bottle, so that the absorbed heat of the liquid hydrogen bottle is reduced, the longer liquid hydrogen nondestructive storage time is realized, the phenomenon that the liquid hydrogen is quickly evaporated due to overlarge external heat conduction quantity of the liquid hydrogen bottle, the pressure in the bottle is overhigh, and the safety valve frequently jumps to cause the liquid hydrogen loss is avoided, the batch loading and the application of the liquid hydrogen bottle are greatly facilitated, the environmental adaptability is good, the practicability is strong, and the popularization is worth.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, but any changes or substitutions that do not undergo the inventive effort should be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.