CN114571648A - 一种高掺量cfb粉煤灰填充lldpe制备复合板材的方法 - Google Patents
一种高掺量cfb粉煤灰填充lldpe制备复合板材的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供一种高掺量CFB粉煤灰填充LLDPE制备复合板材的方法，属于PE家装板材技术领域，本发明通过选择合理的配比，设置适宜的热压压力、热熔温度、热压时间，将CFB粉煤灰研磨后与聚乙烯充分混合后倒入模具中放置在平板硫化机上压制成型。本发明工艺简单，较高的CFB粉煤灰掺量使复合板材密度更低且降低了复合板材制备成本，并且拓宽了CFB粉煤灰的利用途径，实现了CFB粉煤灰高值化利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于PE家装板材技术领域，具体涉及一种高掺量CFB粉煤灰填充LLDPE制备复合板材的方法。
背景技术
循环流化床粉煤灰是煤在CFB锅炉燃烧后的产物，由于其活性较低，难以直接规模化用于水泥和混凝土中，绝大多数循环流化床灰仍处于填埋阶段，急需开发利用。利用热塑性塑料PE、PVC等与粉煤灰混合通过热压成型制备复合板材，可以拓宽CFB粉煤灰的利用途径，实现固体废物的高值化利用并保护环境，而且可以降低树脂基复合材料的成本，同时响应对大宗固废进行综合利用，符合低碳循环发展理念。
在公开号为CN107880432A的发明专利中以粉煤灰、PVC、对苯二甲酸二辛脂、ACR抗冲击改性剂、PE蜡等制备了PVC地板基板，但在制备过程中需对粉煤灰进行偶联剂改性及活化处理，这在一定程度上增加了成本且使工序复杂化。
在公开号为CN107722507A的发明专利中以粉煤灰、PVC、塑料回收料、钙锌稳定剂、发泡剂、PE蜡、硅烷偶联剂等制备了高填充粉煤灰板材。因PVC热稳定性差、难以塑化等缺点需在制备过程中添加稳定剂及塑化剂等加工助剂。
在公开号为CN112029206A的发明专利中以粉煤灰、PVC、三乙醇胺、钙锌稳定剂、发泡剂、PE蜡、偶联剂等制备了粉煤灰板材。在制备过程中增加了风机和烘箱烘干等过程，工艺复杂，在工业应用不宜推广。
在上述公开的专利号中均使用粉煤灰及PVC，且加入了多种助剂。因此本发明为解决以上问题，选用聚乙烯为树脂基体与CFB粉煤灰直接混合压制，工艺简单且成本较低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高掺量CFB粉煤灰填充LLDPE制备复合板材的方法，选用聚乙烯为树脂基体与CFB粉煤灰直接混合压制，工艺简单且成本较低。
本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种高掺量CFB粉煤灰填充LLDPE制备复合板材的方法，包括如下步骤：
第一步，将CFB粉煤灰在烘箱中烘干，然后在球磨机中研磨4-6h，取出得到CFB粉煤灰粉末；
第二步，按比例称取CFB粉煤灰粉末和LLDPE，在混料机中混合10-15min，取出备用；
第三步，启动平板硫化机，设置热压压力、热熔温度、热压时间，开启温度升温按钮升温至所需温度；
第四步，安装模具，将第二步中混合好的物料倒入模具中铺平，盖上模具上盖，备用；
第五步，将第四步中准备好的模具放置在升好温度的平板硫化机中进行热压成型；
第六步，热压成型结束后，取出模具，自然冷却1-1.5h后进行脱模；
第七步，脱模后，按标准要求裁剪成合适尺寸测试其性能。
进一步地，第一步中所述CFB粉煤灰粉末的平均粒径为2.64-98.1µm。
进一步地，第二步中所述线型低密度聚乙烯密度为916kg·m-3。
进一步地，第二步中所述CFB粉煤灰粉末的重量份数为50-70份，线型低密度聚乙烯的重量份数为30-50份。
第二步中需保证物料混合均匀，物料量多时可延长混合时间20-25min。
进一步地，第三步中所述热压压力为2-10MPa，热熔温度为170-190℃，热压时间为15-60min。
进一步地，第四步中所述模具的侧面内表面设有一层耐高温铝箔纸，上表面和下表面设有一层耐高温玻璃纸。
进一步地，第六步中冷却至80℃以下脱模。
本发明的有益效果如下：
1. 本发明制备的复合板材吸水率低、轻质环保、有防霉的效果，且工艺简单，极易在工业中推广生产。
2. 本发明首次利用固体废物CFB粉煤灰做树脂PE的填料，解决了CFB粉煤灰在水泥、混凝土等建材领域利用困难等问题，因CFB粉煤灰是大宗固废，价格便宜较易获得，极大的降低了成本，并且实现了CFB粉煤灰的高值化利用，可替代木塑板材用于室内地板、墙板、家居等建材市场。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种高掺量CFB粉煤灰-LLDPE制备复合板材，其组分及工艺参数设置为：按质量比计CFBFA:LLDPE=6:4，热压压力设置6MPa，热熔温度设置180℃，热压时间设置为45min；
一种高掺量CFB粉煤灰填充LLDPE制备复合板材的方法，具体步骤为：
(1)按比例称量CFBFA和LLDPE并在混料机中混合15min；
(2) 将混合料在模具中铺平，盖上模具上盖；
(3) 将准备好的模具放置到加热好的平板硫化机中，启动硫化机热压45min；
(4)热压完成后取出模具，自然冷却1h后脱模。
参照中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T24137-2009、山东省地方标准DB37/T2854-2016性能指标要求，对本发明制备的复合板材做了对比检测，具体情况如表1中所述。
表1 CFB粉煤灰填充LLDPE复合板材性能对标
“--”表示标准中无此项要求。
实施例2
一种高掺量CFB粉煤灰-LLDPE制备复合板材，其组分及工艺参数设置为：按质量比计CFBFA:LLDPE=6:4，热压压力设置6MPa，热熔温度设置175℃，热压时间设置为45min；
一种高掺量CFB粉煤灰填充LLDPE制备复合板材的方法，具体步骤为：
(1) 按比例称量CFBFA和LLDPE并在混料机中混合15min；
(2) 将混合料在模具中铺平，盖上模具上盖；
(3) 将准备好的模具放置到加热好的平板硫化机中，启动硫化机热压45min；
(4) 热压完成后取出模具，自然冷却1h后脱模。
参照中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T24137-2009、山东省地方标准DB37/T2854-2016性能指标要求，对本发明制备的复合板材做了对比检测，具体情况如表2中所述。
表2 CFB粉煤灰填充LLDPE复合板材性能对标
“--”表示标准中无此项要求。
实施例3
一种高掺量CFB粉煤灰-LLDPE制备复合板材，其组分及工艺参数设置为：按质量比计CFBFA:LLDPE=6:4，热压压力设置8MPa，热熔温度设置180℃，热压时间设置为45min；
一种高掺量CFB粉煤灰填充LLDPE制备复合板材的方法，具体步骤为：
(1) 按比例称量CFBFA和LLDPE并在混料机中混合15min；
(2) 将混合料在模具中铺平，盖上模具上盖；
(3) 将准备好的模具放置到加热好的平板硫化机中，启动硫化机热压45min；
(4) 热压完成后取出模具，自然冷却1h后脱模。
参照中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T24137-2009、山东省地方标准DB37/T2854-2016性能指标要求，对本发明制备的复合板材做了对比检测，具体情况如表3中所述。
表3 CFB粉煤灰填充LLDPE复合板材性能对标
“--”表示标准中无此项要求。
实施例4
一种高掺量CFB粉煤灰-LLDPE制备复合板材，其组分及工艺参数设置为：按质量比计CFBFA:LLDPE=6:4，热压压力设置6MPa，热熔温度设置180℃，热压时间设置为60min；
一种高掺量CFB粉煤灰填充LLDPE制备复合板材的方法，具体步骤为：
(1) 按比例称量CFBFA和LLDPE并在混料机中混合15min；
(2) 将混合料在模具中铺平，盖上模具上盖；
(3) 将准备好的模具放置到加热好的平板硫化机中，启动硫化机热压60min；
(4) 热压完成后取出模具，自然冷却1h后脱模。
参照中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T24137-2009、山东省地方标准DB37/T2854-2016性能指标要求，对本发明制备的复合板材做了对比检测，具体情况如表4中所述。
表4 CFB粉煤灰填充LLDPE复合板材性能对标
“--”表示标准中无此项要求。
Claims (7)
1.一种高掺量CFB粉煤灰填充LLDPE制备复合板材的方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
第一步，将CFB粉煤灰在烘箱中烘干，然后在球磨机中研磨4-6h，取出得到CFB粉煤灰粉末；
第二步，按比例称取CFB粉煤灰粉末和线型低密度聚乙烯，在混料机中混合10-15min，取出备用；
第三步，启动平板硫化机，设置热压压力、热熔温度、热压时间，开启温度升温按钮升温至所需温度；
第四步，安装模具，将第二步中混合好的物料倒入模具中铺平，盖上模具上盖，备用；
第五步，将第四步中准备好的模具放置在升好温度的平板硫化机中进行热压成型；
第六步，热压成型结束后，取出模具，自然冷却1-1.5h后进行脱模；
第七步，脱模后，按标准要求裁剪成合适尺寸测试其性能。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高掺量CFB粉煤灰填充LLDPE制备复合板材的方法，其特征在于：第一步中所述CFB粉煤灰粉末的平均粒径为2.64-98.1µm。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种高掺量CFB粉煤灰填充LLDPE制备复合板材的方法，其特征在于：第二步中所述线型低密度聚乙烯密度为916kg·m-3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高掺量CFB粉煤灰填充LLDPE制备复合板材的方法，其特征在于：第二步中所述CFB粉煤灰粉末的重量份数为50-70份，线型低密度聚乙烯的重量份数为30-50份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高掺量CFB粉煤灰填充LLDPE制备复合板材的方法，其特征在于：第三步中所述热压压力为2-10MPa，热熔温度为170-190℃，热压时间为15-60min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高掺量CFB粉煤灰填充LLDPE制备复合板材的方法，其特征在于：第四步中所述模具的侧面内表面设有一层耐高温铝箔纸，上表面和下表面设有一层耐高温玻璃纸。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种高掺量CFB粉煤灰填充LLDPE制备复合板材的方法，其特征在于：第六步中冷却至80℃以下脱模。
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