CN114568591A - Toad stage puffing bait formula and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Toad stage puffing bait formula and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114568591A CN114568591A CN202210159512.7A CN202210159512A CN114568591A CN 114568591 A CN114568591 A CN 114568591A CN 202210159512 A CN202210159512 A CN 202210159512A CN 114568591 A CN114568591 A CN 114568591A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/24—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from blood
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a toad stage puffing bait formula and a preparation method thereof. The formula of the toad stage puffing bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20.0-25.0% of black soldier fly larvae (dried products), 5.0-8.0% of tussah moth wing powder, 25.0-30.0% of bean cake powder, 30.0% of corn flour, 3.0-5.0% of wheat bran, 1.0% of alfalfa powder, 5.0-10.0% of blood meal, 0-0.2% of cane sugar, 0.3-0.5% of composite trace elements and 0.5% of composite vitamins. The preparation method of the toad stage puffed bait provided by the invention comprises the steps of raw material preparation, raw material crushing and mixing, secondary crushing and mixing, dry puffing and granulating, drying, cooling and the like. The invention further perfects the formula and the preparation process of the toad feed, the prepared toad feed has more balanced nutrition, solves the problem of unbalanced nutrition of the toad feed, improves the feed digestibility and the conversion rate, enhances the palatability and improves the food intake rate; necessary conditions are created for intensive large-scale toad culture; develops the new application of the tussah moth wings, and reasonably utilizes the tussah moth wing waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, in particular to a toad stage puffed bait formula and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Toads belong to the commonly known toads, are the terminales and the toad family, are wild animals widely distributed in China, have a long development history, and have medical value records in many medical writings of China. Modern researches prove that the white serous fluid secreted by the retroauricular glands and the skin glands of the toads, namely the toad venom, contains various bioactive components, has a plurality of efficacies of detoxifying, detumescence, pain relieving, heart strengthening, diuresis, cancer resistance, anesthesia, radiation resistance and the like, and is commonly used for treating diseases such as human heart failure, stomatitis, pharyngolaryngitis, sore throat, skin cancer and the like; periostracum Cicadae, which is the cuticle removed by Bufo siccus, has good curative effect on chronic hepatitis and various cancers; the toad meat is cold in nature and pungent in flavor, can remove toxin, cure sore and eliminate stagnation, and is used for treating diseases such as leukemia, liver cirrhosis and the like; the toad skin, the toad gall, the toad liver and the like are all medicinal materials, so the toad is an amphibious economic animal with high medicinal value and is treasure on the whole body.
In recent years, the number of wild toads is suddenly reduced due to environmental pollution, habitat loss and the influence of natural enemies and human factors, the number of ecological breeding is far from meeting the market demand at present, and the intensive breeding of the toads is an inevitable trend along with the rigid demand of the medical market. The feed composition of the toads in the tadpole stage is universal with the feed formula of frogs such as wood frogs in the tadpole stage, and the metamorphosis toads only eat active insects, so that the intensive feeding scale is limited. Because the toads are omnivorous frogs and mainly eat lepidoptera, coleoptera, hymenoptera and other insects, earthworms, snails, fly maggots and the like in the nature, the current artificial breeding mainly adopts the matching of bait to be pressed into granular feed, a vibrating feeder is adopted to ensure that the bait is mobilized, and the bait movement causes the toads to feel miseat. At present, baits used by young and adult toads are non-expanded granular materials, do not have the specificity of toad feed, lack of food calling factors, have poor palatability, cause low food taking rate of the toads, and cause the phenomena of malnutrition, high mortality and the like caused by the phenomenon that the toads are swallowed in the mouth but are pulled out of the mouth by forefinger. The development of intensive scale toad breeding is severely limited by the influence of a plurality of factors such as the palatability, the nutrition proportion, the shape, the physicochemical property, the mobilization effect, the feeding promoting factors, the artificial bait blank of young toads and the like of the bait.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a toad stage puffing bait formula and a preparation method thereof.
The formula of the toad stage puffing bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
20.0-25.0% of black soldier fly larvae (dried products), 5.0-8.0% of tussah moth wing powder, 25.0-30.0% of bean cake powder, 30.0% of corn flour, 3.0-5.0% of wheat bran, 1.0% of alfalfa powder, 5.0-10.0% of blood meal, 0-0.2% of cane sugar, 0.3-0.5% of composite trace elements and 0.5% of composite vitamins.
The compound trace elements comprise two or more of potassium, iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, iodine and the like, nicotinamide, inositol, lysine and calcium pantothenate.
The compound vitamin comprises two or more of VA, VB1, VB2, VB6, VB12, VC, VD and VE.
The water content of each component is less than 30 percent.
The preparation method of the toad stage puffed bait provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials:
taking dry black soldier fly larvae, tussah moth wing powder, bean cake powder, corn flour, wheat bran, alfalfa powder, blood powder, cane sugar, composite trace elements and composite vitamin raw materials, wherein the water content of each raw material is less than 30%, and screening out impurities for later use;
(2) crushing and mixing raw materials:
respectively crushing the raw materials, sieving the crushed raw materials by a 40-mesh sieve, proportioning according to the mass percentage of 20.0-25.0% of a dry black soldier fly larva product, 5.0-8.0% of tussah silkworm moth wing powder, 25.0-30.0% of bean cake powder, 30.0% of corn flour, 3.0-5.0% of wheat bran, 1.0% of alfalfa powder, 5.0-10.0% of blood meal, 0-0.2% of cane sugar and 0.3-0.5% of composite trace elements, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing the raw materials in a stirrer;
(3) secondary crushing and mixing:
sieving the mixture obtained in the step (2) by a 40-mesh sieve, secondarily crushing the mixture larger than 40 meshes until the mixture is completely sieved by the 40-mesh sieve, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing the mixture and the sieved mixture;
(4) dry puffing and granulating:
putting the mixture into a puffing granulator, wherein the puffing pressure is 25-100 kg/cm2The puffing temperature is 110-180 ℃, the puffing rate is more than 50%, round or oval bait with smooth surface is produced by puffing, and the grain size of the bait is 2-4 mm;
(5) drying and cooling:
drying the puffed bait at 60 ℃, and spraying compound vitamin on the surface of the puffed bait in the drying process, wherein the mass percentage of the compound vitamin is 0.5%; drying until the water content of the puffed bait is less than 12%, cooling, checking and accepting, and packaging.
Because the temperature, pressure, shearing force and moisture of the bulking machine can cause the loss of vitamins, in the bulked feed, the loss rate of VA, VD and folic acid is 11 percent, and the loss rate of VK and VC is 50 percent, therefore, the multivitamin is not added before bulking processing, and the multivitamin is sprayed on the surface when being dried at low temperature, so that the loss of vitamins is prevented.
Preferably, the formula of the juvenile toad (after metamorphosis, the age of 1 year) puffed bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
25.0% of black soldier fly larvae (dried products), 5.0% of tussah moth wing powder, 25.0% of bean cake powder, 30.0% of corn flour, 3.0% of wheat bran, 1.0% of alfalfa powder, 10.0% of blood meal, 0.2% of cane sugar, 0.3% of compound trace elements and 0.5% of compound vitamins.
Preferably, the adult toad (after 2 years old) puffed bait comprises the following formula in percentage by mass:
20.0% of black soldier fly larvae (dried products), 8.0% of tussah moth wing powder, 30.0% of bean cake powder, 30.0% of corn flour, 5.0% of wheat bran, 1.0% of alfalfa powder, 5.0% of blood meal, 0.5% of compound trace elements and 0.5% of compound vitamins.
Further, in the dry puffing and granulating process in the step (4), when the puffed bait for young toads (1 year after metamorphosis) is produced, the grain size of the bait is 2-3 mm; when the puffed bait for adult toads (after 2 years old) is produced, the grain size of the bait is 3-4 mm.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
young and adult toads belong to the amphibian which is predatory, insects are mainly used as food in the nature, the varieties of the insects are broad, and the adult toads must be frequently caught in the feeding process to supplement the needs of the body on chitin and scale protein in order to ensure normal life activities such as growth, development, reproduction and the like of the toads. Experiments prove that the morbidity and the mortality of toads which are bred artificially by insect larvae such as yellow meal worms, fly maggots, earthworms and the like are improved along with the increase of the day age, and the morbidity and the mortality of adults such as supplemental feeding of moth, flies and the like are reduced, so that the breeding performance is obvious.
The tussah moth is a large-scale lepidoptera economic insect, the tussah is large in cultivation scale in China, a large amount of tussah moth wing waste is produced in the tussah seed production process of two seasons each year, and the tussah moth wing waste can be used as a necessary special protein source for frogs through sorting, airing and crushing. The main components of the tussah moth wings are hydrocarbons with different numbers of carbon atoms, higher fatty acid and higher fatty alcohol, the main component of the wing veins is chitin which is an essential substance participating in the metabolism of the toad body, plays an important role in the normal growth and development of the toad and is proved in a contrast experiment. Meanwhile, the moth wing scales have the functions of smoothness and water resistance, are one of important food calling factors for toads to eat, are added into bait to enhance palatability, greatly reduce spitting (forefinger picking) after eating by mistake and improve the food taking rate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the toad stage puffing bait ensures that the insect protein content is as follows: 20-30 percent of vegetable protein, 20-25 percent of crude fat, 15-20 percent of starch, 3-6 percent of crude fiber, 0.3-0.5 percent of compound trace elements and 0.5 percent of vitamins, has more balanced nutrition, improves the digestibility of the feed, and improves the conversion rate of the feed by 10-30 percent. The puffed bait for the toad stage has porosity, and can be subjected to water agent and oil agent additive component treatment before feeding; the bait has suspension property and slow sinking property, the specific gravity of the bait is suitable for the operation of the food calling machine, and an ideal mobilization effect is easy to generate.
The toad stage puffed bait and the preparation method thereof further improve the formula of the toad (frog) artificial feed, solve the problem of unbalanced nutrition of the toad bait on the premise of following the biological natural law, effectively improve the food intake rate and survival rate of young toads, greatly improve the artificial breeding efficiency, reduce the bait cost, improve the productivity, create necessary conditions for full-artificial intensive breeding, and are beneficial to the development of intensive large-scale toad breeding. The bait is subjected to high-temperature puffing treatment in the preparation process, and simultaneously achieves the sterilization effect, so that the propagation of harmful microorganisms is reduced, and the environmental pollution and the death rate of toads are reduced; the toad stage puffing bait and the preparation method thereof also develop the new application of tussah moth wings, so that the tussah moth wing waste is reasonably utilized.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment provides a toad stage puffing bait formula which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
25.0% of black soldier fly larvae (dried products), 5.0% of tussah moth wing powder, 25.0% of bean cake powder, 30.0% of corn flour, 3.0% of wheat bran, 1.0% of alfalfa powder, 10.0% of blood meal, 0.2% of cane sugar, 0.3% of compound trace elements and 0.5% of compound vitamins.
The compound trace elements are commercially available finished product compound trace element feed additives (produced by Shandongpo dew Biotech Co., Ltd.);
the compound vitamin is a commercial finished product of aminovitamine (produced by Vigorboom animal pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou).
The toad stage puffed bait formulation of this example was suitable for young (1 st after metamorphosis) toads.
The preparation method of the toad stage puffed bait provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials:
taking dry black soldier fly larvae, tussah moth wing powder, bean cake powder, corn flour, wheat bran, alfalfa powder, blood powder, cane sugar, composite trace elements and composite vitamin raw materials, wherein the water content of each raw material is less than 30%, and screening out impurities for later use;
(2) crushing and mixing raw materials:
respectively crushing the raw materials, sieving the crushed raw materials by a 40-mesh sieve, proportioning the raw materials according to the mass percentage of 25.0 percent of hermetia illucens larvae (dried products), 5.0 percent of tussah silkworm moth wing powder, 25.0 percent of bean cake powder, 30.0 percent of corn flour, 3.0 percent of wheat bran, 1.0 percent of alfalfa powder, 10.0 percent of blood meal, 0.2 percent of cane sugar and 0.3 percent of composite trace elements, and fully stirring the raw materials in a stirrer to uniformly mix the raw materials;
(3) secondary crushing and mixing:
sieving the mixture obtained in the step (2) by a 40-mesh sieve, secondarily crushing the mixture larger than 40 meshes until the mixture is completely sieved by the 40-mesh sieve, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing the mixture and the sieved mixture;
(4) dry puffing and granulating:
putting the mixture into a puffing granulator, wherein the puffing pressure is 25-100 kg/cm2The puffing temperature is 110-180 ℃, the puffing rate is more than 50%, round or oval bait with smooth surface is produced by puffing, and the grain size of the bait is 2-3 mm;
(5) drying and cooling:
drying the puffed bait at 60 ℃, and spraying compound vitamin on the surface of the puffed bait in the drying process, wherein the mass percentage of the compound vitamin is 0.5%; drying until the water content of the puffed bait is less than 12%, cooling, checking and accepting, and packaging.
Example two:
the embodiment provides a toad stage puffing bait formula which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
20.0% of black soldier fly larvae (dried products), 8.0% of tussah moth wing powder, 30.0% of bean cake powder, 30.0% of corn flour, 5.0% of wheat bran, 1.0% of alfalfa powder, 5.0% of blood meal, 0.5% of compound trace elements and 0.5% of compound vitamins.
The compound trace elements are commercially available finished product compound trace element feed additives (produced by Shandongpo dew Biotech Co., Ltd.);
the compound vitamin is a commercial finished product of aminovitamine (produced by Vigorboom animal pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou).
The toad stage puffing bait formula of the embodiment is suitable for adult toads (after 2 years).
The preparation method of the toad stage puffed bait provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials:
taking dry black soldier fly larvae, tussah moth wing powder, bean cake powder, corn flour, wheat bran, alfalfa powder, blood powder, cane sugar, composite trace elements and composite vitamin raw materials, wherein the water content of each raw material is less than 30%, and screening out impurities for later use;
(2) crushing and mixing raw materials:
respectively crushing the raw materials, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve, proportioning according to the mass percentage of 20.0 percent of hermetia illucens larvae (dried products), 8.0 percent of tussah silkworm moth wing powder, 30.0 percent of bean cake powder, 30.0 percent of corn flour, 5.0 percent of wheat bran, 1.0 percent of alfalfa powder, 5.0 percent of blood meal and 0.5 percent of composite trace elements, and fully stirring in a stirrer to uniformly mix the raw materials;
(3) secondary crushing and mixing:
sieving the mixture obtained in the step (2) by a 40-mesh sieve, secondarily crushing the mixture larger than 40 meshes until the mixture is completely sieved by the 40-mesh sieve, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing the mixture and the sieved mixture;
(4) dry puffing and granulating:
putting the mixture into a puffing granulator, wherein the puffing pressure is 25-100 kg/cm2The puffing temperature is 110-180 ℃, the puffing rate is more than 50%, round or oval bait with smooth surface is produced by puffing, and the grain size of the bait is 3-4 mm;
(5) drying and cooling:
drying the puffed bait at 60 ℃, and spraying compound vitamin on the surface of the puffed bait in the drying process, wherein the mass percentage of the compound vitamin is 0.5%; drying until the water content of the puffed bait is less than 12%, cooling, checking and accepting, and packaging.
The bulking and pelletising machine of examples one and two was a model DGP50C bulking machine manufactured by henna hengfu machines ltd.
Comparative experiment:
the invention carries out an experiment on the influence of different baits on the feeding rate, the death rate and the growth and development of the toads, and the specific experimental process and result analysis are as follows:
experiment time: 2021.7.25-2021.8.24
The experimental site: changchun city Shuangyang Changchun national letter modern agriculture science and technology development limited company
Experimental materials:
a) bufo raddei (school name: Bufo raddei) 100 pairs in 3 years old; the source is as follows: jilin province and Longshi, hong forest frog industry Co.
b) Bait: 50kg of puffed bait is produced by adopting the formula and the preparation method of the second embodiment;
compared with bait, the formula adopts an invention patent 'expanded pellet feed capable of promoting the growth of toads and a preparation method thereof' disclosed by 2017-05-31, and the formula disclosed by the invention is as follows: the puffed pellet feed is prepared from 35 kg of high gluten flour, 15 kg of starch, 15 kg of corn protein powder, 15 kg of fish meal, 8 kg of hawthorn powder, 4 kg of milk powder, 4 kg of edible oil, 4 kg of agar powder, 5 kg of beer yeast powder, 5 kg of mineral salt powder, 2 kg of fish oil, 2 kg of composite vitamin powder and 2 kg of amino acid powder by the disclosed preparation method.
c) A food calling machine: 4 sets of vibration type feeders produced by Jilin Yongfa toad breeding professional cooperative.
d) An experimental field: changchun national letter modern agriculture science and technology development limited No. 2 intelligent greenhouse 60m2。
The experimental method comprises the following steps:
the experimental site is divided into A, B2 experimental areas with the average length of 30m2The area I and the area A, B are suitable for frog habitat, and the cultivation conditions and the cultivation mode are the same. And 2 sets of feeders are respectively placed in each area, the feeders are started for 2 hours at 17-19 hours every day, the baits are weighed before feeding, all the residual baits are recovered and weighed after feeding is finished, and the bait feeding amount on the same day is calculated. Equally dividing the male and female parts of the experimental toad into A, B2 groups, and dividing the male and female parts into 50/male parts of the experimental toad groups, and respectively placing the experimental toad groups into corresponding experimental areas after measuring the average weight. The group A is fed with experimental baits, and the group B is fed with control baits. And calculating the feeding rate of the day in the feeding process, calculating the average feeding rate, the weight gain rate and the death rate after the experiment is finished, and evaluating the experiment result.
The results of the experiments are shown in tables 1-3 below:
TABLE 1 comparison of average food intake rate
TABLE 2 weight gain ratio comparison table
TABLE 3 mortality control Table
And (4) analyzing results:
the experimental results show that the data of the feed intake rate, the weight gain rate and the death rate of the experimental group A and the control group B are very different. The group A fed with the expanded feed of the second embodiment of the invention shows excellent performance indexes, has potential value of application and popularization, particularly shows the effect of not refusing food in the process of toad feeding, and has obvious effect of surface food calling factors. From the aspects of mortality and weight gain effect, the formula shows the rationality and the advancement of the proportion of the nutrient components, and has wide application prospect.
Claims (8)
1. A toad stage puffing bait is characterized in that: the formula comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
20.0-25.0% of dry hermetia illucens larvae, 5.0-8.0% of tussah moth wing powder, 25.0-30.0% of bean cake powder, 30.0% of corn flour, 3.0-5.0% of wheat bran, 1.0% of alfalfa powder, 5.0-10.0% of blood meal, 0-0.2% of cane sugar, 0.3-0.5% of composite trace elements and 0.5% of composite vitamins.
2. A toad stage puffing bait according to claim 1, characterized in that: the formula of the juvenile toad puffed bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
25.0 percent of dry hermetia illucens larvae, 5.0 percent of tussah moth wing powder, 25.0 percent of bean cake powder, 30.0 percent of corn flour, 3.0 percent of wheat bran, 1.0 percent of alfalfa powder, 10.0 percent of blood meal, 0.2 percent of cane sugar, 0.3 percent of compound trace elements and 0.5 percent of compound vitamins.
3. A toad stage puffing bait according to claim 1, characterized in that: the formula of the adult toad puffing bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
20.0 percent of dry hermetia illucens larvae, 8.0 percent of tussah moth wing powder, 30.0 percent of bean cake powder, 30.0 percent of corn flour, 5.0 percent of wheat bran, 1.0 percent of alfalfa powder, 5.0 percent of blood meal, 0.5 percent of compound trace elements and 0.5 percent of compound vitamins.
4. A toad-stage puffed bait according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the water content of each component is less than 30 percent.
5. A preparation method of toad stage puffed bait is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials:
taking dry black soldier fly larvae, tussah moth wing powder, bean cake powder, corn flour, wheat bran, alfalfa powder, blood powder, cane sugar, composite trace elements and composite vitamin raw materials, wherein the water content of each raw material is less than 30%, and screening out impurities for later use;
(2) crushing and mixing raw materials:
respectively crushing the raw materials, sieving the crushed raw materials by a 40-mesh sieve, proportioning according to the mass percentage of 20.0-25.0% of a dry black soldier fly larva product, 5.0-8.0% of tussah silkworm moth wing powder, 25.0-30.0% of bean cake powder, 30.0% of corn flour, 3.0-5.0% of wheat bran, 1.0% of alfalfa powder, 5.0-10.0% of blood meal, 0-0.2% of cane sugar and 0.3-0.5% of composite trace elements, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing the raw materials in a stirrer;
(3) secondary crushing and mixing:
sieving the mixture obtained in the step (2) by a 40-mesh sieve, secondarily crushing the mixture larger than 40 meshes until the mixture is completely sieved by the 40-mesh sieve, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing the mixture and the sieved mixture;
(4) dry puffing and granulating:
putting the mixture into a puffing granulator, wherein the puffing pressure is 25-100 kg/cm2The puffing temperature is 110-180 ℃, the puffing rate is more than 50%, round or oval bait with smooth surface is produced by puffing, and the grain size of the bait is 2-4 mm;
(5) drying and cooling:
drying the puffed bait at 60 ℃, and spraying compound vitamin on the surface of the puffed bait in the drying process, wherein the mass percentage of the compound vitamin is 0.5%; drying until the water content of the puffed bait is less than 12%, cooling, checking and accepting, and packaging.
6. The method for preparing toad stage puffed bait according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the formula for producing the juvenile toad puffed bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
25.0% of dry black soldier fly larvae, 5.0% of tussah moth wing powder, 25.0% of bean cake powder, 30.0% of corn powder, 3.0% of wheat bran, 1.0% of alfalfa powder, 10.0% of blood meal, 0.2% of cane sugar and 0.3% of composite trace elements.
7. The method for preparing toad stage puffed bait according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the formula of the adult toad puffed bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
20.0% of dry black soldier fly larvae, 8.0% of tussah moth wing powder, 30.0% of bean cake powder, 30.0% of corn flour, 5.0% of wheat bran, 1.0% of alfalfa powder, 5.0% of blood meal and 0.5% of composite trace elements.
8. The method for preparing toad stage puffed bait according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the dry puffing and granulating process in the step (4), when juvenile toad puffed bait is produced, the grain size of the bait is 2-3 mm; when the adult toad puffing bait is produced, the particle size of the bait is 3-4 mm.
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