Drill rod torque reducing device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum drilling tools, and particularly relates to a drill rod torque reducer.
Background
In drilling large displacement wells, high inclination wells, horizontal wells and deep wells, or in well sections with larger severity of dog legs, or in long open hole drilling processes after technical casing is run in, abrasion problems often occur in the casing, and damage to the technical casing often causes great difficulties in underground construction of the casing, such as casing fracture, dislocation and deformation, so that running is blocked, in addition, problems of casing extrusion resistance and internal pressure resistance caused by the problems restrict the smooth performance of subsequent well completion testing operation of the oil well, the service life of the oil well is reduced, and certain sections of oil wells are scrapped and whole oil wells are scrapped when serious.
In the traditional drilling construction process, a drilling rod rubber protection hoop is mainly adopted, for example, a drilling rod, a sleeve wear preventer or a deep well ultra-deep well sleeve wear preventer are arranged in the prior art, the wear preventer is formed by fixing a rubber sleeve on the drilling rod through a locking block by a metal framework, the sleeve is further protected by wearing the rubber sleeve, but the rubber sleeve is easy to tear, the service life is short, the underground complex is easy to drop, and the like. There are also anti-wear joints in the prior art that are attached to both ends of the drill pipe, adding many threaded connections in the drill string, however, too many threaded connections add unsafe factors to the well, resulting in reduced safety performance of the well.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems, and aims to provide a drill rod torque reducer, which is arranged between a drill rod and a sleeve, can enable the sleeve outside the drill rod to rotate relative to the drill rod and keep static so as to avoid contact dynamic friction between the inner wall of the sleeve and the drill string, effectively prevent the sleeve and the drill string from being worn, and can bear a certain axial pulling force so as to avoid the sleeve from being disassembled and damaged to cause underground complexity.
The invention provides a drill rod torque reducer which comprises an inner sleeve sleeved on a drill rod, two slips axially and tightly arranged between the inner sleeve and the radial direction of the drill rod from two ends of the inner sleeve, an outer sleeve sleeved on the outer side of the inner sleeve and in clearance fit with the inner sleeve, and a pressing mechanism symmetrically arranged at two axial ends of the inner sleeve, wherein the drill rod torque reducer is arranged between the drill rod and a sleeve outside the drill rod, the pressing mechanism is configured to be capable of pressing the slips axially inwards so that the inner sleeve can synchronously rotate along with the drill rod, and the outer sleeve can rotate relative to the inner sleeve through the pressing mechanism so that the outer sleeve and the sleeve outside the drill rod are relatively static.
In one embodiment, the compression mechanism comprises a thrust bearing and a compression nut arranged at the end of the inner sleeve, wherein the compression nut is arranged at the axial outer side of the thrust bearing and is in threaded connection with the outer sleeve, and the slips can be axially compressed by tightening the compression nut.
In one embodiment, a pressure plate is provided between the inner sleeve and the thrust bearing for transmitting axial compression forces.
In one embodiment, the inner sleeve comprises two split-type first and second bodies assembled by a dovetail configuration to form the inner sleeve.
In one embodiment, the inner diameter of the inner sleeve is configured to taper axially inwardly from both ends such that the inner walls of both ends of the inner sleeve form a first taper.
In one embodiment, the outer wall surface of the slip is configured to be a second conical surface to enable the slip to fit between the first conical surface and the drill pipe.
In one embodiment, the taper of the second taper is the same as the taper of the first taper.
In one embodiment, the slip is configured to include two slip bodies which are arranged in a split manner and have the same structure, and the two slip bodies hug the drill rod under the axial compression force of the compression mechanism, and are in compression fit with the first conical surface and the second conical surface, so that the inner sleeve is static relative to the drill rod.
In one embodiment, the inner wall surface of the slip body is provided with saw-tooth teeth.
In one embodiment, the outer sleeve is made of a low carbon steel material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
The drill rod torque reducer is arranged between the drill rod and the drill rod outer sleeve, the inner sleeve of the torque reducer can bear certain circumferential torque through the slips and can be static relative to the drill rod and static relative to the sleeve outside the drill rod, and meanwhile, the inner sleeve can rotate relative to the outer sleeve through the pressing mechanism, so that the outer sleeve is static relative to the drill rod outer sleeve, contact dynamic friction between the inner wall of the sleeve and the drill string is avoided, abrasion of the sleeve and the drill string is effectively prevented, and the service life of the sleeve is prolonged. And moreover, the slips can bear certain axial tension under the action of the pressing mechanism, so that underground complexity caused by damage due to disassembly of the sleeve is effectively avoided, and the site construction safety performance is enhanced. In addition, the drill rod torque reducing device is simple in structure, convenient to install and beneficial to improving on-site construction efficiency.
Drawings
The present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows the construction of a drill rod torque limiter according to the invention.
Fig. 2 shows the construction of the inner sleeve in the drill rod torque limiter of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 shows the construction of slips in the rod string torque reducer of fig. 1.
In the present application, all of the figures are schematic drawings which are intended to illustrate the principles of the application only and are not to scale.
Detailed Description
The invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows the construction of a drill rod torque limiter 100 according to the present invention. The drill rod torque limiter 100 is for installation between a downhole drill rod and casing to reduce friction between the drill rod and casing and thereby avoid casing and drill string wear. As shown in fig. 1, the drill rod torque limiter 100 comprises an inner sleeve 2 sleeved on the drill rod 1, two slips 3 respectively installed between the inner sleeve 2 and the radial direction of the drill rod 1 in an axially compressed mode from two ends of the inner sleeve 2, an outer sleeve 4 sleeved on the outer side of the inner sleeve 2, and compression mechanisms 5 symmetrically arranged at two ends of the inner sleeve 2. The hold-down mechanism 5 is capable of holding down the respective slips 3 axially inwardly so that the two slips 3 are axially relatively close such that the inner sleeve 2 forms a press fit with the drill rod 1 to be stationary with respect to the drill rod 1 and is capable of rotating with respect to the outer sleeve 4 so that the outer sleeve 4 is capable of being stationary with respect to the casing outside the drill rod. Hereby is achieved that contact kinetic friction between the inner wall of the casing and the drill string is prevented, whereby wear of the casing and the drill string is avoided.
The drill rod 1 extends at both ends to the axial ends of the inner sleeve 2 and extends axially outwardly for connection to other downhole drill rods or other components via a drill rod joint (not shown).
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the inner sleeve 2 comprises two separately arranged first and second bodies 21, 22. In one embodiment, the semi-cylindrical first body 21 and second body 22 are assembled by a dovetail configuration to form the cylindrical inner sleeve 2. The split type inner sleeve 2 is convenient to be installed on the outer side of the drill rod 1 on site, the inner sleeve 2 can be installed without being disassembled when the drill rod 1 is long or other parts are connected, the installation efficiency of the drill rod torque reducer 100 is improved conveniently, and the on-site operation efficiency is improved.
According to the present invention, the inner diameters of both ends of the inner sleeve 2 are set to decrease from both ends in the axial direction toward the middle, so that the inner walls of both ends of the inner sleeve 2 form a first tapered surface, and the middle region of the inner wall of the inner sleeve 2 forms a cylindrical surface. The outer surface of the inner sleeve 2 is a cylindrical surface. Preferably, the structure of the axial both ends of the inner sleeve 2 is arranged symmetrically with respect to the axial middle. The function of the first taper is described below.
In one embodiment, the inner diameter of the central region of the inner sleeve 2 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the drill rod 1. This facilitates the installation of the inner sleeve 2 on the outside of the drill rod 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the outer sleeve 4 is concentrically sleeved outside the inner sleeve 2. The outer sleeve 4 is of unitary cylindrical construction. The axial length of the outer sleeve 4 is greater than the axial length of the inner sleeve 2. The hold-down mechanism 5 is provided at both axial ends of the inner sleeve 2, the hold-down mechanism 5 including a thrust bearing 51 and a hold-down nut 52 provided at an end of the inner sleeve 2, the hold-down nut 52 being provided axially outside the thrust bearing 51. The hold-down mechanism 5 is arranged between the axially outer part of the outer sleeve 4 extending to the inner sleeve 2 and the radial direction of the drill rod 1. In one embodiment, internal threads are provided on the inner walls of the two ends of the outer sleeve 4, and the compression nut 52 is threadedly coupled to the outer sleeve 4, whereby the thrust bearing 51 can be axially pushed to axially compress the slips 3 by tightening the compression nut 52.
To prevent wear of the sleeve, the outer sleeve 4 may for example be made of a low carbon steel material.
In the present embodiment, the thrust bearing 51 may be, for example, a leg ball bearing, or a diamond thrust bearing. The inner bore diameter of the thrust bearing 51 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the drill rod joint of the drill rod 1 in field use for installation connection.
According to the invention, a pressure plate 53 is provided between the inner sleeve 2 and the thrust bearing 51. The pressing plate 53 is a split circular plate, the middle part is provided with an inner hole, the diameter of the inner hole is larger than the outer diameter of the drill rod. The presser plates 53 are at the axially outer ends of the slips 3 for transmitting the axial compressive force applied by the compression nut 52 to the slips 3, thereby axially pushing the slips 3 axially compressively mounted between the inner sleeve 2 and the radial direction of the drill rod 1.
As shown in fig. 3, the outer diameter of the slips 3 is arranged to taper from an axially outer end (upper end in fig. 3) to an axially inner end (lower end in fig. 3) such that the outer wall of the slips 3 forms a second conical surface to enable the slips 3 to fit between the first conical surface of the inner sleeve 2 and the radial direction of the drill pipe 1. The taper of the second conical surface is set to be the same as the taper of the first conical surface of the inner sleeve 2.
According to the invention, the slip 3 is constructed to comprise two slip bodies 31 which are arranged in a split manner and have the same structure, and the slip bodies 31 are semi-cylindrical. The two slips 3 are symmetrically arranged between the first conical surfaces at the two ends of the inner sleeve 2 and the drill rod 1. When the pressing mechanism 5 axially presses the slips 3, the slip body 31 tightly holds the drill rod 1 under the action of the axial pressing force. Moreover, under the action of friction force between the first conical surface and the second conical surface, the inner sleeve 2 bears a certain circumferential torque when the slips 3 are in press fit with the inner sleeve 2, so that the inner sleeve 2 can synchronously rotate along with the drill rod, namely, the inner sleeve 2 is static relative to the drill rod 1 through the slips 3. At the same time, the inner sleeve 2 is rotatable relative to the outer sleeve 4 by means of the thrust bearing 51, so that the outer sleeve 4 does not rotate with the drill rod outer sleeve, even if the outer sleeve 4 is stationary relative to the drill rod outer sleeve. Therefore, the contact dynamic friction between the inner wall of the sleeve and the drill string can be effectively prevented, the abrasion of the sleeve and the drill string is avoided, and the service life of the sleeve is effectively prolonged.
In one embodiment, saw teeth 32 are provided on the inner wall surface of the slip body 31. Further, a plurality of grooves extending in the axial direction may be provided on the inner surface and/or the outer surface of the slip 3, and the plurality of grooves are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction. The axial force born by the slips 3 after the slips 3 are tightly held on the drill rod 1 can be increased, and stable rotation of the slips 3 along with the drill rod 1 is effectively ensured.
According to the present invention, two pressing mechanisms 5, which are correspondingly provided at both upper and lower ends of the inner sleeve 2, are identical, so that symmetrical pressing structures are formed at both ends of the inner sleeve 2. In actual operation, the same axial compression force can be applied to the slips 3 at the two ends of the inner sleeve 2 by screwing the corresponding compression nuts 52, and the axial compression force is transmitted to the slips 3 through the thrust bearing 52 and the pressing plate 53, so that the slips 3 tightly hold the drill rod 1 through the inner wall saw tooth teeth 32, and meanwhile, the second conical surface of the slips 3 is in compression fit with the first conical surface of the inner sleeve 2, and therefore, the inner sleeve 2 and the drill rod 1 are relatively static, and the inner sleeve 2 can synchronously rotate along with the drill rod 1. Meanwhile, the inner sleeve 2 can rotate relative to the outer sleeve 4 under the action of the thrust bearing 52 of the pressing mechanism 5, so that the outer sleeve 4 does not rotate along with the inner sleeve 2 to be static relative to the drill rod outer sleeve, and abrasion caused by relative friction between the outer sleeve 4 and the drill rod outer sleeve is avoided.
The drill rod torque reducer 100 is arranged between the drill rod 1 and the drill rod outer sleeve, the inner sleeve 2 of the drill rod torque reducer can bear certain circumferential torque through the slips 3 and can be static relative to the drill rod 1 and static relative to the sleeve outside the drill rod, meanwhile, the inner sleeve 2 can rotate relative to the outer sleeve 4 through the pressing mechanism 5, and therefore the outer sleeve 4 is static relative to the drill rod outer sleeve, contact dynamic friction between the inner wall of the sleeve and the drill string is avoided, abrasion of the sleeve and the drill string is effectively prevented, and the service life of the sleeve is prolonged. And, slips 3 can bear certain axial pulling force under the effect of hold-down mechanism 5 to effectively avoid the sleeve pipe to break up and damage and lead to the complicacy in the pit, reinforcing site operation security performance. In addition, the drill rod torque reducer 100 is simple in structure and convenient to install, and is beneficial to improving site construction efficiency.
Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only of a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the techniques described in the foregoing examples, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.