CN114562019A - Cleaning device for tail end of tunnel drain pipe and using method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for clearing blockages at the end of a tunnel drainage pipe, in particular to a device for cleaning the end of a tunnel drainage pipe and a method for using the same. The assembly is used to drill and break the blockage in the pipeline; the control power part, located at the rear end of the device, controls the working state of the cleaning device and provides the power required for the normal operation of the cleaning device; the transmission support part is connected to the guide and crusher A transmission system and a support system are included between the control power part and the control power part, wherein the transmission system is used to transmit power and convey debris, and the support system is used to stabilize the device to complete the cleaning action. Compared with the prior art, the present invention is beneficial The effect is: the device based on the mechanical modular design is easy to disassemble and assemble, light and portable, easy to operate, and the cleaning process does not need to consume a lot of water, which has good energy saving and environmental protection benefits; the variable diameter knife assembly can adapt to different drain pipe sizes and types. The cleaning needs of the blockage, and the selection of the knife assembly can be determined by the detection of the guide drill, and the working range of the knife assembly can be determined by the detection of the support.

Description

A cleaning device for the end of a tunnel drainage pipe and a method of using the same

technical field

The invention relates to a device for cleaning the blockage at the end of a tunnel drainage pipe, in particular to a device for cleaning the end of a tunnel drainage pipe and a method of using the same.

Background technique

Tunnel drainage system is a concealed project combined with concrete lining to avoid diseases caused by water leakage, such as: reducing the service life of the structure, corroding equipment in the tunnel, endangering traffic safety, etc. The tunnel drainage pipe is an important structural form of the drainage system. , plays an important role in the groundwater around the diversion tunnel, but due to the influence of the service environment, the tunnel drainage pipe is often blocked by debris, soil, crystals and other substances, and because of the water flow path and temperature changes, the end of the drainage pipe is easier to deposit. Therefore, the cleaning of the end of the tunnel drainage pipe is a key concern of tunnel maintenance, and requires higher maintenance frequency than other parts of the drainage system.

The hidden engineering properties of the tunnel drainage system determine the difficulty of its detection and maintenance. It is necessary to select appropriate detection and maintenance tools according to the structural characteristics of the tunnel drainage system. Among them, the cleaning of the end of the tunnel drainage pipe has the characteristics of small scope and high frequency. The cleaning device should meet the technical requirements of lightness and portability, simple operation, economical and environmental protection, etc.

Existing pipe cleaning devices cannot well meet the cleaning needs of the end of tunnel drainage pipes. For example, pipe cleaning robots have complex structures, cumbersome operations, and high production and use costs, which are not conducive to widespread popularization and high-frequency use; The dredging of tunnel drainage pipes consumes a lot of water, so it is necessary to set up a separate water supply pipeline or carry a large amount of water, which is not conducive to energy conservation and environmental protection. The roughness of the tube.

Therefore, the development of a cleaning device for the end of a tunnel drainage pipe and its use method not only has urgent research value, but also has good economic benefits and industrial application potential, which is the driving force and foundation of the present invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present inventor has conducted in-depth research on this, and has completed the present invention after a lot of creative work.

Specifically, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to provide a cleaning device for the end of a tunnel drainage pipe and a method of use, so as to solve the problem that the prior art cannot meet the environmental protection, environmental protection, Efficient, convenient and economical technical issues.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A cleaning device for the end of a tunnel drain, the device comprising:

The guide crushing part, located at the front end of the device, includes a guide drill and a knife assembly to drill and crush the blockage in the pipeline;

The control power part, located at the rear end of the device, controls the working state of the cleaning device and provides the power required for the normal operation of the cleaning device;

The transmission support part is connected between the guiding and crushing part and the control power part, and includes a transmission system and a support system, wherein the transmission system is used to transmit power and convey debris, and the support system is used to stabilize the device to complete the cleaning action;

The pilot drill is installed coaxially with the transmission system, the pilot drill is located at the top of the device, and the knife assembly is located behind the pilot drill, which is a variable diameter structure.

In the present invention, as an improvement, the knife assembly is arranged between the guide drill and the transmission support part, and is a replaceable structure, including an umbrella scraper and a tower sharpener, wherein the umbrella scraper has:

The umbrella knife holder is an umbrella-type telescopic structure composed of a strut and a reducing ring. The strut includes an upper strut and a lower strut, the reducing ring is a telescopic chain structure, and an isolation surface is provided at the lower strut. ;

Umbrella knife shaft, which is the central shaft of the knife assembly;

Sliding ring, the sliding ring is sleeved on the outside of the umbrella knife shaft;

The scraper blade is installed on the outer side of the upper strut through a buckle;

The front ends of the upper struts are annularly hinged to the outside of the umbrella cutter shaft, the rear ends of the upper struts are hinged to the diameter reducing ring, and the front ends of the lower struts and the rear ends of the upper struts are correspondingly hinged to the diameter reducing ring, The rear end of the lower strut is hinged to the sliding ring;

The sliding ring and the umbrella blade shaft can control the opening range of the umbrella blade holder through axial relative movement.

In the present invention, as an improvement, the tower sharpener includes a plurality of circular-type hollow-out reticulated shell structure cutter discs assembled in a stack, and the bottom surface of the upper cutter disc and the top surface of the adjacent lower cutter disc have the same size , and the adjacent cutter discs are tightly connected by locks; several granular cutter heads are installed on the side of cutter discs to abrade hard blockages; the inner cavity of cutter discs is communicated with the transmission system to form blockage debris delivery channel.

In the present invention, as an improvement, the transmission support part includes a support assembly and a conveying rod, and the conveying rod is connected with the umbrella cutter shaft and the power shaft of the control power part to form a power transmission and blockage debris conveying channel ;

The conveying rod is a helical structure rod, the front entrance of the helical channel is located in the umbrella knife holder, and the rear exit is located in the power control part, which is used for conveying blockage debris;

The support assembly is arranged on the outside of the conveying rod, including a support piece, a holder and a sliding piece;

The support member includes a long rod and a short rod, one end of the short rod is hinged to the sliding member, and one end of the short rod is hinged to the middle of the long rod;

The holder is sleeved on the outside of the conveying rod, the front end of the holder is connected with the sliding ring in the cutter head group, and the port of the holder is provided with an axially movable ball bearing to stabilize the rotation of the conveying rod;

The sliding piece is arranged on the outer side of the holding piece and can move along the axial direction of the holding piece, and the opening and merging actions of the supporting piece are realized by the relative axial movement of the sliding piece and the holding piece;

A control key with an axial scale is arranged at the lower end of the sliding member, and the opening and merging actions of the support member are controlled by the axial movement of the control key, and the opening and closing range can be read through the axial scale.

In the present invention, as an improvement, the control power part includes a protective casing, a coupling and a collection bin;

The protective shell wraps the coupling, and the protective shell is external to the collection bin;

The front end opening of the protective shell is connected to the holder; the side opening of the protective shell is connected to the collecting bin to form a discharge channel for clogging debris;

One end of the coupling is connected to the power shaft penetrating into the protective shell, and the other end is connected to the conveying rod penetrating the protective shell. The coupling is provided with an axial displacement gauge and a hoop torsion gauge; The shaft drives the axial movement of the conveying rod and the umbrella cutter shaft, which can control the opening and merging actions of the umbrella cutter holder, and the opening and closing range can be read by the axial displacement meter; the power shaft drives the conveying through the coupling The circumferential rotation of the rod and the knife assembly realizes the cutting and abrasive action of the knife assembly, and the hardness of the blockage can be measured by the torque of the coupling rotation, and the torque value can be read by the circumferential torque meter;

The collection bin is connected to the side opening of the protective shell through a buckle, and the collection bin is provided with a negative pressure device to assist in the discharge of clogging debris.

A method for using a cleaning device for the end of a tunnel drainage pipe, comprising the following steps:

(1) Assembly test

Take out the cleaning device from the device box, insert the modular design of the guiding and crushing part, the control power part and the transmission support part together, lock the connection buckle to complete the assembly, and operate by hand or motor drive device. The connection and working status of the test device;

(2) Detection and adjustment

Insert the device into the blocked drain pipe, operate the sliding key to drive the slider to control the support to open, until the anti-skid pad clamps the drain pipe wall, and read the drain pipe from the scale. The diameter is used as the standard for clearing the knife assembly; insert the guide drill into the blockage, manually rotate the guide drill through the power shaft, read the resistance of the blockage to the guide drill through the hoop torque meter, and determine the knife assembly selection type;

(3) dredging and cleaning

When the clogged material is soft, use an umbrella scraper for dredging and cleaning: install an umbrella scraper assembly to the device, extend the device into the blocked part of the tunnel drain pipe, stabilize the support, and use the power The shaft drives the axial movement of the umbrella knife shaft to realize the step-by-step opening of the umbrella knife holder to the diameter of the drain pipe. The debris immediately falls into the isolation surface, and the blockage debris is transported to the collection bin through the conveying rod;

When the clogged material is hard, use a tower sharpener for dredging and cleaning: assemble a tower sharpener with a suitable diameter of the drain pipe and install it on the device, and extend the device into the blocked part of the tunnel drain pipe to stabilize the The support member drives the tower sharpener to rotate through the power shaft to complete the layer-by-layer crushing of the blockage. The blockage debris enters the conveying rod through the side hole of the cutter head, and the blockage debris is conveyed through the conveying rod. to the collection bin;

(4) Sorting and recycling

When the reading of the ring torque meter of the cleaning device working in each part of the drain pipe is 0, it indicates that the blockage of the drain pipe is cleaned up. At this time, the coupling is controlled to retract the knife assembly, and the sliding key is controlled to retract the The support member withdraws the device from the drain pipe, opens the connection buckles of the guide crushing part, the transmission support part and the control power part, separates the device, cleans it up, and stores it in the device box for storage.

In the present invention, as an improvement, the calculation method of the dredging diameter of the drain pipe in the step (2) is as follows:

The distance between the front end point of the long rod and the rear end point of the short rod when the support is fully retracted is L ₁ , and the distance is L′ ₁ during operation;

The working axial displacement of the sliding key is ΔL ₁ ;

The length of the front end of the long rod is A ₁ , and the total length is A′ ₁ ;

The length of the short rod is B ₁ ;

The opening range of the short rod is H ₁ ;

The opening range of the long rod is H′ ₁ ;

The diameter of the slider is D ₁ ;

According to the triangular geometric relationship:

in,

From this, the opening range of the short rod is calculated as:

According to the geometric similarity relationship there are:

Therefore, the opening range of the long rod is calculated as:

Then determine the dredging diameter of the drain pipe as:

In the present invention, as an improvement, the corresponding relationship between the opening range of the umbrella blade holder and the working axial displacement of the coupling is calculated as follows:

The distance between the front end point of the upper support rod and the rear end point of the lower support rod when the umbrella knife rest is fully retracted is L ₂ , and the distance is L′ ₂ during operation;

The working axial displacement of the coupling is ΔL ₂ ;

The length of the upper strut is A ₂ ;

The length of the lower strut is B ₂ ;

The opening range of the umbrella knife holder is H ₂ ;

The diameter of the umbrella cutter shaft is D ₂ ;

According to the triangular geometric relationship:

in,

From this, the opening range of the umbrella knife holder when working is calculated as:

Since the working diameter of the umbrella knife holder is equal to the diameter of the drain pipe, so

D=D ₁ +2H′ ₁ ==D ₂ +2H ₂

Therefore, the conversion relationship between the working axial displacement ΔL ₂ of the coupling and the working axial displacement ΔL ₁ of the sliding key when the umbrella tool holder opens the maximum amplitude is:

The scale of the sliding key corresponds to the scale on the axial displacement gauge of the coupling.

In the present invention, as a kind of improvement, the determination method that the knife component is selected in the described step (3) is as follows:

The distance from any point on the upper strut of the umbrella knife holder to the front end point of the upper strut is x, the distance from this point to the umbrella knife axis is h, the number of scraper blades is n, and the maximum line load that a single scraper can bear is f _max , the maximum starting torque of the umbrella blade shaft that the umbrella scraper can withstand when it is working is:

The starting torque of the pilot drill when drilling alone is _{MY, which can be read by the rotating torque meter. When MY < MDmax, the umbrella scraper assembly is used; when MY > MDmax , the tower grinder} is used. Knife assembly.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) The device based on the mechanical modular design is easy to disassemble and assemble, light and portable, easy to operate, and the cleaning process does not need to consume a lot of water, which has good energy saving and environmental protection benefits.

(2) The variable diameter knife assembly can adapt to the cleaning needs of different drain pipe sizes and different types of blockages, and can determine the selection of the knife assembly through the detection of the guide drill, and determine the working range of the knife assembly through the detection of the support.

(3) When the nozzle of the drain pipe is at a high position, the screw conveying mechanism and the negative pressure mechanism in the device are conducive to the discharge of the blockage and debris.

(4) The opening range of the umbrella holder and the support member is calculated to determine the axial relative displacement of the corresponding component, so that the support and cutting range can be quantitatively controlled, and the cleaning of the device can be judged from the control power part outside the pipeline. The scope and working status are more convenient to use.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that are required to be used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals throughout the drawings. In the drawings, each element or section is not necessarily drawn to actual scale.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of umbrella scraper of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the tower type sharpening knife of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the structural sectional view of the tower type sharpener of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the partial structure schematic diagram of the variable diameter ring of the present invention;

6 is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the screw conveying mechanism of the present invention;

8 is a schematic structural diagram of a ball bearing and a bracket of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is the structural schematic diagram of the control power part of the present invention;

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of the support part of the present invention;

Fig. 11 is the calculation diagram of the umbrella knife holder part of the present invention;

Fig. 12 is the calculation diagram of the working state of the umbrella knife holder of the present invention;

In the picture: 1. Guide drill, 2. Upper stay, 3. Cutter, 4. Umbrella cutter shaft, 5. Reducing ring, 6. Lower stay, 7. Sliding ring, 8. Isolation surface, 9. Hold Parts, 10, Center shaft, 11, Slider, 12, Long rod, 13, Short rod, 14, Cutter head, 15, Chip inlet, 16, Connection shell, 17, Spiral blade, 18, Control key, 19, scraper blade, 20, protective case, 21, coupling, 22, collecting bin, 23, power shaft, 25, axial displacement meter, 26, hoop torque meter, 27, support frame, 31, brush, 501, Pin member, 502, groove member, 503, ring pin, 504, ring groove.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

A tunnel drainage pipe dredging device, the device comprises: a guide crushing part, a control power part and a transmission support part.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the guide crushing part is located at the foremost end of the whole device, which is the working end, and drills and crushes the blockage in the pipeline. The guide crushing part includes a guide drill 1 and a knife assembly, and the guide drill 1 is installed At the front end of the knife assembly, the hardness of the blockage and the channel expansion are carried out before crushing and cleaning to facilitate the advancement of the rear knife assembly.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the knife assembly includes two forms, wherein the umbrella scraper is suitable for soft blockages, and the tower sharpener is suitable for hard blockages.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the umbrella blade assembly includes an umbrella blade holder, an umbrella blade shaft 4 , a sliding ring 7 and a blade blade, and the umbrella blade holder is of a variable diameter structure.

The umbrella knife holder includes an upper strut 2, a lower strut 6, a diameter reducing ring 5 and an isolation surface 8, the upper strut 2 and the lower strut 6 are rod structures of fixed length, and the diameter reducing ring 5 is retractable Chain structure, the isolation surface 8 is a deformable fan-shaped structure.

The upper strut 2 and the lower strut are arranged around a number of them, the front end of the upper strut 2 is connected with the umbrella knife shaft through a hinge, the rear end of the upper strut 2 is hinged on the reducing ring 5, and the lower strut 6 The front end is also hinged on the reducing ring 5, the upper strut 2 and the lower strut 6 are correspondingly hinged on the inner and outer sides of the reducing ring 5, and the rear end of the lower strut 6 is connected with the sliding ring 7 through a hinge .

The sliding ring 7 is sleeved on the outside of the umbrella knife shaft 4, and can realize axial movement with the umbrella knife shaft 4. The relative displacement of the sliding ring 7 and the umbrella knife shaft 4 controls the opening range of the umbrella knife holder, so The scraper blade 19 is installed on the outer edge of the upper strut 2 by means of snaps or bolts, and a brush 31 is installed on the upper strut 2 below the scraper blade 19 to clean the inner wall of the pipe after scraping the blockage.

As shown in FIG. 5 , the reducing ring 5 is composed of metal members in series to form a chain shape, and the connected pin members 501 are constrained and installed with the groove member 502 through the ring pin 503 and the ring groove 504, so that the two members can move relative to each other in the circumferential direction, and the completion of Reducer connection.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the isolation surface 8 is wrapped on the outer side of the lower strut 6 to separate the space on both sides of the isolation surface 8. The sliding ring 7 and the umbrella knife shaft 4 are connected by a bracket, and the isolation surface is connected by a bracket. 8. An inlet of the delivery channel is reserved on the front side, and the inlet is communicated with the blockage delivery channel in the transmission support part, and the bracket is shown in FIG. 8 .

As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , the tower sharpener includes a plurality of circular-type hollow reticulated shell structure cutter discs 3 stacked and assembled, the bottom surface of the upper cutter disc and the top surface of the adjacent lower cutter disc have the same size , the adjacent cutter discs 3 are tightly connected by common locks, which have many locks in the existing structure, and will not be repeated here. Several granular cutter heads 14 are installed on the side of the cutter discs 3 for abrasive hardening. The side wall between the cutter heads 14 is provided with a debris inlet 15, which is communicated with the inner cavity of the cutter head 3. The lower end of the cutter head 3 has a funnel-shaped retractable connection shell 16 that is received below the inner cavity of the cutter head 3. The lower part of the shell is connected with the upper end of the blockage transmission channel, and the inner cavity of the cutter head communicates with the transmission system to form a conveyance channel for the blockage debris.

As shown in FIG. 6 , the transmission support part includes a conveying rod and a support assembly. The conveying rod is composed of a central shaft 10 and a helical blade 17. The front end of the conveying rod is connected to the umbrella cutter shaft 4, and the rear end is connected to the power of the power control part. The shaft 26 builds a power conduction channel.

The support assembly is arranged on the outside of the conveying rod, and includes a support member, a holder 9 and a sliding member 11. The supporting member includes a long rod 12 and a short rod 13. One end of the short rod 13 is hinged to the sliding member 11, and one end is hinged to the middle of the long rod 12. ; One end of the long rod 12 is hinged to the holder 9, and one end is equipped with a non-slip pad, and the end equipped with the anti-skid pad is expanded outward and supported on the inner wall of the pipe.

The holder 9 is sleeved on the outside of the conveying rod 10, and the outer wall of the spiral conveying channel is formed by the holder 9. The front end of the holder 9 is connected with the sliding ring 7, so that the spiral conveying channel in the holder 9 is connected with the sliding ring 7. The front end is connected to the inlet, and the blockage debris enters the screw conveying channel in the holder 9 through the inlet port. The rear end of the holder 9 is connected to the collection container, and the port is provided with an axially movable ball bearing to stabilize the conveying rod 10. Circumferential rotation, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, the inner side of the ball bearing is connected with the conveying rod through the bracket 27 to form the outlet of the screw conveying channel.

The sliding member 11 is disposed on the outer side of the holding member 9 and can move along the axial direction of the holding member 9 . Through the relative axial movement of the sliding member 11 and the holding member 9 , the opening and merging actions of the supporting member are realized.

The lower end of the sliding member 11 is provided with a control key 18 with an axial scale. The control key 18 is installed on the outer side of the holder 9 through a chute or thread, and the axial movement of the control key 18 controls the movement of the support member. Opening and merging actions, the opening and closing amplitude can be read by an axial scale, which is calculated by calculation.

As shown in FIG. 9 , the control power unit includes a protective case 20 , a coupling 21 and a collection bin 22 . The protective case 20 is a control power unit casing, which wraps the coupling 21 and the collection bin. 22 is externally connected to one side of the protective shell 20;

The front end opening of the protective shell 20 is connected with the holder 9 to define the axial position of the holder 9, and at the same time, communicates with the outlet of the delivery channel in the holder 9. As shown in FIG. 7, the outlet is located in the protective casing. The separated channel in 20 is connected with the side opening to form a channel for the blockage and debris to be discharged. A negative pressure mechanism can be set in the channel or in the collection bin to assist the blockage and debris to be discharged.

One end of the coupling 21 is connected to the power shaft 23 penetrating into the protective shell, and the other end is connected to the conveying rod penetrating the protective shell 21, and the coupling 21 can move axially, and the coupling 21 is provided with an end shaft The axial displacement meter 25 and the hoop torsion meter 26 are respectively sleeved on the outside of the power shaft 23 and the conveying rod. The power shaft 23 drives the axial movement of the conveying rod and the umbrella knife shaft 4 through the coupling 21, which can control the umbrella The opening and closing action of the tool holder can be read through the axial displacement meter 25, the reading end of the axial displacement meter 25 is located in the transparent cover of the protective shell 20, and the power shaft 23 passes through the coupling. 21 drives the circumferential rotation of the conveying rod and the knife assembly to realize the cutting and abrasive action of the knife assembly, and the hardness of the blockage can be measured by the rotating torque of the coupling 21, and the torque value can be read by the circumferential torque meter 26. When the reading of the hoop torsion meter during operation of the device tends to 0, it can be judged whether the blockage is cleaned by combining the rotation state of the power shaft and the parameters of the inner diameter of the pipeline.

The collection bin 22 is connected to the side opening of the protective shell 20 through snaps.

(1) Assembly test

Take out the cleaning device from the device box, insert the modular design of the guiding and crushing part, the control power part and the transmission support part together, lock the connection buckle to complete the assembly, and operate by hand or motor drive device. The connection and working status of the test device;

(2) Detection and adjustment

Insert the device into the blocked drain pipe, operate the sliding key to drive the slider to control the support to open, until the anti-skid pad clamps the drain pipe wall, and read the drain pipe from the scale. The diameter is used as the standard for clearing the knife assembly; insert the guide drill into the blockage, manually rotate the guide drill through the power shaft, read the resistance of the blockage to the guide drill through the hoop torque meter, and determine the knife assembly selection type;

(3) dredging and cleaning

When the clogged material is soft, use an umbrella scraper for dredging and cleaning: install an umbrella scraper assembly to the device, extend the device into the blocked part of the tunnel drain pipe, stabilize the support, and use the power The shaft drives the axial movement of the umbrella knife shaft to realize the step-by-step opening of the umbrella knife holder to the diameter of the drain pipe. The debris immediately falls into the isolation surface, and the blockage debris is transported to the collection bin through the conveying rod;

When the clogged material is hard, use a tower sharpener for dredging and cleaning: assemble a tower sharpener with a suitable diameter of the drain pipe and install it on the device, and extend the device into the blocked part of the tunnel drain pipe to stabilize the The support member drives the tower sharpener to rotate through the power shaft to complete the layer-by-layer crushing of the blockage. The blockage debris enters the conveying rod through the side hole of the cutter head, and the blockage debris is conveyed through the conveying rod. to the collection bin;

(4) Sorting and recycling

When the reading of the ring torque meter of the cleaning device working in each part of the drain pipe is 0, it indicates that the blockage of the drain pipe is cleaned up. At this time, the coupling is controlled to retract the knife assembly, and the sliding key is controlled to retract the The support member withdraws the device from the drain pipe, opens the connection buckles of the guide crushing part, the transmission support part and the control power part, separates the device, cleans it up, and stores it in the device box for storage.

As shown in Figure 10, the calculation method of the dredging diameter of the drain pipe in the step (2) is as follows:

The distance between the front end point of the long rod and the rear end point of the short rod when the support is fully retracted is L ₁ , and the distance is L′ ₁ during operation;

The working axial displacement of the sliding key is ΔL ₁ ;

The length of the front end of the long rod is A ₁ , and the total length is A′ ₁ ;

The length of the short rod is B ₁ ;

The opening range of the short rod is H ₁ ;

The opening range of the long rod is H′ ₁ ;

The diameter of the slider is D ₁ ;

According to the triangular geometric relationship:

in,

From this, the opening range of the short rod is calculated as:

According to the geometric similarity relationship there are:

Therefore, the opening range of the long rod is calculated as:

Then determine the dredging diameter of the drain pipe as:

As shown in Figure 11, the corresponding relationship between the opening range of the umbrella blade holder and the working axial displacement of the coupling is calculated as follows:

The distance between the front end point of the upper support rod and the rear end point of the lower support rod when the umbrella knife rest is fully retracted is L ₂ , and the distance is L′ ₂ during operation;

The working axial displacement of the coupling is ΔL ₂ ;

The length of the upper strut is A ₂ ;

The length of the lower strut is B ₂ ;

The opening range of the umbrella knife holder is H ₂ ;

The diameter of the umbrella cutter shaft is D ₂ ;

According to the triangular geometric relationship:

in,

From this, the opening range of the umbrella knife holder when working is calculated as:

Since the working diameter of the umbrella knife holder is equal to the diameter of the drain pipe, so

D=D ₁ +2H′ ₁ ==D ₂ +2H ₂

Therefore, the conversion relationship between the working axial displacement ΔL ₂ of the coupling and the working axial displacement ΔL ₁ of the sliding key when the umbrella tool holder opens the maximum amplitude is:

The scale of the sliding key corresponds to the scale on the axial displacement gauge of the coupling.

From the above calculation, the relationship between the pushing distance of the sliding key and the power shaft and the opening range of the outrigger and the umbrella knife holder can be obtained. Therefore, the opening displacement can be directly marked on the scale, and the opening range can be visually displayed through the scale.

As shown in Figure 12, the method for determining the selection of the knife assembly in the step (3) is as follows:

The distance from any point on the upper strut of the umbrella knife holder to the front end point of the upper strut is x, the distance from this point to the umbrella knife axis is h, the number of scraper blades is n, and the maximum line load that a single scraper can bear is f _max , the maximum starting torque of the umbrella blade shaft that the umbrella scraper can withstand when it is working is:

The starting torque of the pilot drill when drilling alone is _{MY, which can be read by the rotating torque meter. When MY < MDmax, the umbrella scraper assembly is used; when MY > MDmax , the tower grinder} is used. Knife assembly.

When a tower sharpening knife is selected as the knife assembly of the device, the diameter of the largest knife disc is the same as the diameter of the drain pipe, and then the small diameter knife discs are stacked and assembled in sequence to form the tower sharpening assembly.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can still be modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof can be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. The scope of the invention should be included in the scope of the claims and description of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A cleaning device for the end of a tunnel drainage pipe, characterized in that the device comprises: The guide crushing part, located at the front end of the device, includes a guide drill and a knife assembly to drill and crush the blockage in the pipeline; The control power part, located at the rear end of the device, controls the working state of the cleaning device and provides the power required for the normal operation of the cleaning device; The transmission support part is connected between the guide crushing part and the control power part, and includes a transmission system and a support system, wherein the transmission system is used for transmitting power and conveying debris, and the support system is used for stabilizing the device to complete the cleaning action; The pilot drill is installed coaxially with the transmission system, the pilot drill is located at the top of the device, and the knife assembly is located behind the pilot drill, which is a variable diameter structure. 2. A cleaning device for the end of a tunnel drainage pipe according to claim 1, wherein the knife assembly is arranged between the pilot drill and the transmission support part, and is a replaceable structure, comprising an umbrella scraper and Tower sharpeners, where the umbrella scraper has: The umbrella knife holder is an umbrella-type telescopic structure composed of a strut and a reducing ring. The strut includes an upper strut and a lower strut, the reducing ring is a telescopic chain structure, and an isolation surface is provided at the lower strut. ; Umbrella knife shaft, which is the central shaft of the knife assembly; Sliding ring, the sliding ring is sleeved on the outside of the umbrella knife shaft; The scraper blade is installed on the outer side of the upper support rod through a buckle; The front ends of the upper struts are annularly hinged to the outside of the umbrella cutter shaft, the rear ends of the upper struts are hinged to the diameter reducing ring, and the front ends of the lower struts and the rear ends of the upper struts are correspondingly hinged to the diameter reducing ring, The rear end of the lower strut is hinged to the sliding ring; The sliding ring and the umbrella blade shaft can control the opening range of the umbrella blade holder through axial relative movement. 3. A device for cleaning the end of a tunnel drainage pipe according to claim 2, wherein the tower-type sharpener comprises a plurality of circular-type hollow reticulated shell structure cutter discs assembled in stacks, and the upper cutter disc is The size of the bottom surface and the top surface of the adjacent lower cutter head are the same, and the adjacent cutter heads are closely connected by locks; a number of granular cutter heads are installed on the side of the cutter head for abrasive hard blockage; The interior cavity is in communication with the transfer system, forming a delivery channel for the blockage debris. 4 . The cleaning device for the end of a tunnel drain pipe according to claim 1 , wherein the transmission support part comprises a support assembly and a conveying rod, and the conveying rod is connected to the umbrella cutter shaft and the control power part. 5 . The power shaft is connected to form a channel for power transmission and blockage and debris transportation; The conveying rod is a helical structure rod, the front-end inlet of the spiral channel is located in the umbrella knife holder, and the rear-end outlet is located in the power control part, which is used for conveying blockage debris; The support assembly is arranged on the outside of the conveying rod, including a support piece, a holder and a sliding piece; The support member includes a long rod and a short rod. One end of the short rod is hinged to the sliding member, and one end of the short rod is hinged to the middle of the long rod; The holder is sleeved on the outside of the conveying rod, the front end of the holder is connected with the sliding ring in the cutter head group, and the port of the holder is provided with an axially movable ball bearing to stabilize the rotation of the conveying rod; The sliding piece is arranged on the outer side of the holding piece and can move along the axial direction of the holding piece, and the opening and merging actions of the supporting piece are realized by the relative axial movement of the sliding piece and the holding piece; A control key with an axial scale is arranged at the lower end of the sliding member, and the opening and merging actions of the support member are controlled by the axial movement of the control key, and the opening and closing range can be read through the axial scale. 5. A device for cleaning the end of a tunnel drainage pipe according to claim 1, wherein the control power part comprises a protective casing, a coupling and a collection bin; The protective shell wraps the coupling, and the protective shell is external to the collection bin; The front end opening of the protective shell is connected to the holder; the side opening of the protective shell is connected to the collecting bin to form a discharge channel for clogging debris; One end of the coupling is connected to the power shaft penetrating into the protective shell, and the other end is connected to the conveying rod penetrating the protective shell. The coupling is provided with an axial displacement gauge and a hoop torsion gauge; The shaft drives the axial movement of the conveying rod and the umbrella cutter shaft, which can control the opening and merging actions of the umbrella cutter holder, and the opening and closing range can be read by the axial displacement meter; the power shaft drives the conveying through the coupling The circumferential rotation of the rod and the knife assembly realizes the cutting and abrasive action of the knife assembly, and the hardness of the blockage can be measured by the torque of the coupling rotation, and the torque value can be read by the circumferential torque meter; The collection bin is connected to the side opening of the protective shell through snaps, and the collection bin is provided with a negative pressure device to assist in the discharge of clogging debris. 6. A method for using a cleaning device for the end of a tunnel drainage pipe, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: (1) Assembly test Take out the cleaning device from the device box, insert the modular design of the guiding and crushing part, the control power part and the transmission support part together, lock the connection buckle to complete the assembly, and operate by hand or motor drive device, The connection and working status of the test device; (2) Detection and adjustment Insert the device into the blocked drain pipe, operate the sliding key to drive the slider to control the support to open, until the anti-skid pad clamps the drain pipe wall, and read the drain pipe from the scale. The diameter is used as the standard for dredging and cleaning the knife assembly; insert the guide drill into the blockage, manually rotate the guide drill through the power shaft, read the resistance of the blockage to the guide drill through the hoop torque meter, and determine the knife assembly selection type; (3) dredging and cleaning When the clogged material is soft, use an umbrella scraper for dredging and cleaning: install the umbrella scraper assembly to the device, extend the device into the blocked part of the tunnel drain pipe, stabilize the support, and use the power The shaft drives the axial movement of the umbrella knife shaft to realize the step-by-step opening of the umbrella knife holder to the diameter of the drain pipe. The debris immediately falls into the isolation surface, and the blockage debris is transported to the collection bin through the conveying rod; When the clogged material is hard, use a tower sharpener for dredging and cleaning: assemble a tower sharpener suitable for the diameter of the drain pipe and install it on the device, and extend the device into the blocked part of the tunnel drain pipe to stabilize the The support member drives the tower sharpener to rotate through the power shaft to complete the layer-by-layer crushing of the blockage. The blockage debris enters the conveying rod through the side hole of the cutter head, and the blockage debris is conveyed through the conveying rod. to the collection bin; (4) Sorting and recycling When the reading of the ring torque meter of the cleaning device working in each part of the drain pipe is 0, it indicates that the blockage of the drain pipe is cleaned up. At this time, the coupling is controlled to retract the knife assembly, and the sliding key is controlled to retract the The support member withdraws the device from the drain pipe, opens the connection buckles of the guide crushing part, the transmission support part and the control power part, separates the device, cleans it up, and stores it in the device box for storage. 7. A method of using a cleaning device for the end of a tunnel drain pipe according to claim 6, wherein the method for calculating the dredging diameter of the drain pipe in the step (2) is as follows: The distance between the front end point of the long rod and the rear end point of the short rod when the support is fully retracted is L ₁ , and the distance is L′ ₁ during operation; The working axial displacement of the sliding key is ΔL ₁ ; The length of the front end of the long rod is A ₁ , and the total length is A′ ₁ ; The length of the short rod is B ₁ ; The opening range of the short rod is H ₁ ; The opening range of the long rod is H′ ₁ ; The diameter of the slider is D ₁ ; According to the triangular geometric relationship:

in,

From this, the opening range of the short rod is calculated as:

According to the geometric similarity relationship there are:

Therefore, the opening range of the long rod is calculated as:

Then determine the dredging diameter of the drain pipe as:

8. A method of using a cleaning device for the end of a tunnel drainage pipe according to claim 6, wherein the corresponding relationship between the opening range of the umbrella tool holder and the working axial displacement of the coupling is calculated as follows: The distance between the front end point of the upper support rod and the rear end point of the lower support rod when the umbrella knife rest is fully retracted is L ₂ , and the distance is L′ ₂ during operation; The working axial displacement of the coupling is ΔL ₂ ; The length of the upper strut is A ₂ ; The length of the lower strut is B ₂ ; The opening range of the umbrella knife holder is H ₂ ; The diameter of the umbrella cutter shaft is D ₂ ; According to the triangular geometric relationship:

in,

From this, the opening range of the umbrella knife holder when working is calculated as:

Since the working diameter of the umbrella knife holder is equal to the diameter of the drain pipe, so D=D ₁ +2H′ ₁ ==D ₂ +2H ₂ Therefore, the conversion relationship between the working axial displacement ΔL ₂ of the coupling and the working axial displacement ΔL ₁ of the sliding key when the umbrella tool holder opens the maximum amplitude is:

The scale of the sliding key corresponds to the scale on the axial displacement gauge of the coupling. 9. A method of using a cleaning device for the end of a tunnel drain pipe according to claim 6, wherein the method for determining the selection of the knife assembly in the step (3) is as follows: The distance from any point on the upper strut of the umbrella knife holder to the front end point of the upper strut is x, the distance from this point to the umbrella knife axis is h, the number of scraper blades is n, and the maximum line load that a single scraper can bear is f _max , the maximum starting torque of the umbrella blade shaft that the umbrella scraper can withstand when it is working is:

The starting torque of the pilot drill when drilling alone is _{MY, which can be read by the rotating torque meter. When MY < MDmax, the umbrella scraper assembly is used; when MY > MDmax , the tower grinder} is used. Knife assembly.

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