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CN114555208A - 用于处理lng的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于处理lng的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN114555208A
CN114555208A CN202080047243.4A CN202080047243A CN114555208A CN 114555208 A CN114555208 A CN 114555208A CN 202080047243 A CN202080047243 A CN 202080047243A CN 114555208 A CN114555208 A CN 114555208A
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hgmt
feed
lng
unit
release
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CN114555208B (zh
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米扎·舒尔米
法德利·哈达娜·拉赫曼
赞齐拉·卡西姆
拉丁·苏哈伊布·萨利赫丁
M·耶齐德·杰伊·B·亚拉尼
M·西亚扎万·M·舒科尔
努扎蒂尔·阿克马尔·奥斯曼
利亚纳·萨尔瓦·M·纳齐尔
艾哈迈德·修克里·纳伊姆
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Petroliam Nasional Bhd Petronas
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Abstract

一种用于处理LNG进料的系统，所述系统包括：主体除去阶段，所述主体除去阶段被布置成从流入物进料中除去并释放CO2液体，所述主体除去阶段包括第一HGMT装置，和精加工阶段，所述精加工阶段被布置成接收来自第一HGMT装置的贫CO2进料，所述精加工阶段被布置成除去并释放残余CO2，精加工阶段包括第二HGMT装置；其中精加工阶段被布置成释放经CO2清除的LNG的流出物。

Description

用于处理LNG的系统和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及处理来自生产领域的LNG。特别地，本发明涉及从源自矿田的进料流中除去包括CO2、H2S和N2的不利气体。
背景技术
为了管理矿田的载有杂质例如高CO2、H2S和N2的低品质天然气，通常需要复杂的低温分离工艺进行分离以满足产品规格。为了满足销售气体/LNG规格的分离目标，低温分离通常与高塔和大重量有关。
或者，用于氮气预处理的基于溶剂的除去工艺涉及高能耗。
这样的两个工艺在应用于海上条件时均需要高的CAPEX、OPEX、重量和占用空间。
发明内容
在第一方面中，本发明提供了用于处理LNG进料的系统，所述系统包括：主体除去阶段，所述主体除去阶段被布置成从流入物进料中除去并释放CO2液体，所述主体除去阶段包括第一HGMT装置，以及精加工阶段，所述精加工阶段被布置成接收来自第一HGMT装置的贫CO2进料，所述精加工阶段被布置成除去并释放残余CO2，精加工阶段包括第二HGMT装置；其中精加工阶段被布置成释放经CO2清除的LNG的流出物。
在第二方面中，本发明提供了用于处理LNG进料的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：使用第一HGMT装置从流入物进料中分离并释放CO2液体；在第二HGMT装置处接收来自第一HGMT装置的贫CO2进料；使用第二HGMT装置对所述贫CO2进料进行精加工并释放残余CO2，以及释放经CO2清除的LNG的流出物。
在第三方面中，本发明提供了用于处理LNG进料的系统，所述系统包括：N2除去阶段，所述N2除去阶段被布置成从流入物进料中除去并释放N2液体，所述N2除去阶段包括N2分离HGMT装置，以及其中N2分离HGMT装置被布置成释放经N2清除的LNG的流出物。
CO2分离技术和N2分离技术二者的发展使得具有高含量杂质的未开发的气田实现盈利。然而，依赖于高成本和大占用空间，诸如塔式蒸馏的工艺降低了这样的矿田的经济和技术可行性。
高重力传质(High gravity mass transfer，HGMT)装置解决了该工艺的这一部分，但并入HGMT设计以优化这样的杂质除去仍然是关键。HGMT装置消除了对用于常规酸性气体除去的基于溶剂的工艺的需求，以及对在进入低温工艺之前进行过度预冷却的需求，以及对用于预处理特别是用于N2除去的额外的脱水单元的需求。
附图说明
参照举例说明本发明的可能布置的附图来进一步描述本发明将是方便的。本发明的其他布置是可能的，因此，不应将附图的特殊性理解为替代本发明的前述描述的一般性。
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方案的CO2除去系统的示意图；
图2是根据本发明的另一个实施方案的N2除去系统的示意图；
图3是根据本发明的另一个实施方案的组合CO2和N2除去系统的示意图；以及
图4是根据本发明的另一个实施方案的一般化的高重力传质装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的一个实施方案的CO2除去系统5的示意图。系统5接收来自天然气流的进料流的流入物，所述流入物可以例如具有大于40％的CO2含量、小于15％的N2并且包含一部分H2S。所述流入物被传递至高重力传质装置10，所述高重力传质装置10在这种情况下形成主体除去阶段和精加工阶段的基础。第一HGMT 10的目的是从进料流20中除去大部分CO2和H2S，以从HGMT 10的出口30释放液体CO2 32。该第一主体除去可以代表90％至95％的存在于进料流中的CO2。同时，流35返回至HGMT 10以被主体除去阶段进一步精制。然后将具有贫CO2的进料流引导25至具有第二HGMT 15的精加工阶段。进料25可以释放最多14％CO2和成比例增加的N2组分。进料25通过热交换器42冷却并传送至容器40，在容器40中液体CO2返回45至HGMT 10。液体的一部分48在传送至第二HGMT 15的上段之前在热交换器44中冷却并膨胀至较低的压力。同时，贫CO2蒸气50在进入HGMT 15的下段之前将在另一个热交换器46中加热并膨胀。HGMT 15必须始终在比HGMT 10低的压力下运行，然而，在40巴的最大运行压力下运行。
将残余CO2从进料流中除去并经由泵返回65至第一HGMT 10以用于回收来自HGMT15的烃。引入到HGMT 10的富CO2的流65将避开固体CO2固体区域。
将从其中除去大量CO2组分的经精加工的进料流引导至容器70并冷却60。液体75将被泵送回至HGMT 15以进一步提高分离。在富烃流中贫CO2流80包含至少50ppm的最少CO2含量和成比例增加的N2含量。
在该进一步的实施方案中，精加工阶段在低温条件下接收进料流，但是该实施方案中使用的低温条件与常规定义的低温条件略有不同。为此，将可以使用例如液氮的制冷单元55引导至通向HGMT 15的热交换器以冷却工艺流，从而满足低温运行条件。
图2示出了本发明的另一方面，其中N2除去阶段85包括用于接收载有氮气的进料流95的HGMT装置90。载有氮气的气体穿过预调节阶段100，以将流105的温度冷却至-60℃至-120℃的低温温度，进入HGMT装置90。根据该实施方案的HGMT装置90被改变：内部壳体元件、旋转部件、避免流动分布不均的设备等由常规的HGMT装置进行了改变，以便满足低温条件并生产符合规格(on-spec)的LPNG产品。
分离器容器125将蒸气组分130和液体组分127分开。包含至少97％氮气的富氮气流从容器125的顶部排出。液体组分127经由泵传送至HGMT装置90以进一步改善主要包含液体烃以及非常少的CO2和N2含量的液体流出物110。该组分通过热交换器并作为LNG产品排出85。返回120流被引导回至HGMT装置90以进一步分离。
图3示出了用于从天然气中除去CO2和N2以生产LNG的集成HGMT工艺的系统140。集成系统140结合了多级分离过程，其中将进料流160传送到HGMT 145中以进行CO2的主体除去并随后处理具有最小烃含量的富液体CO2流180。来自HGMT 145的贫CO2流被引导165至第二精加工阶段的第二HGMT 150以满足170流中50ppm的最大CO2含量。流170中成比例增加的N2内容物被引导至第三HGMT 155以进行氮气除去，从而生产流185(包含小于1％的氮气)的LNG产品。此外，富氮气流190在HGMT 155的顶部段处排出。
本发明还可以用于在对LNG生产的影响最小的情况下满足用于自消耗的燃料气流中的氮气含量。
图4示出了HGMT装置200的一般化视图，所述HGMT装置200包括高重力传质装置壳体，所述壳体包括旋转部件207、用于所布置元件以增大气相和液相的接触面积的内腔211、以及可以安装在壳体中以使HMGT装置内部的流动分布不均最小化的一个或更多个定量装置。
两相进料流215被引入到具有旋转元件207的室205。所布置元件经历旋转运动产生高离心力，从而产生较小的液滴，以较高的整体分离效率和较短的停留时间增大传质和传热。在这种条件下，由于速度的差异，大部分气体将被转移到所布置元件的中心并在HGMT装置的顶部段222处排出。同时，在HGMT装置的底部段处产生液体产物流224。来自顶部容器的液体流220被转移回至HGMT装置以辅助分离过程。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于处理LNG进料的系统，所述系统包括：
主体除去阶段，所述主体除去阶段被布置成从流入物进料中除去并释放CO2液体，所述主体除去阶段包括第一HGMT装置，以及
精加工阶段，所述精加工阶段被布置成接收来自所述第一HGMT装置的贫CO2进料，所述精加工阶段被布置成除去并释放残余CO2，所述精加工阶段包括第二HGMT装置；
其中所述精加工阶段被布置成释放经CO2清除的LNG的流出物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，还包括被布置成接收所述贫CO2进料的一部分的第一热交换器，所述第一热交换器被布置成在将所述贫CO2进料引导至所述第二HGMT装置之前使所述贫CO2进料冷却并膨胀至较低的压力。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统，还包括被布置成接收所述贫CO2进料的蒸气部分的第二热交换器，所述第二热交换器被布置成在所述蒸气部分进入所述第二HGMT装置之前将所述蒸气部分加热并膨胀。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的系统，其中所述第二HGMT装置还被布置成将所述经CO2清除的LNG的一部分分离并引导至所述第一HGMT装置。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的系统，还包括制冷系统，所述制冷系统用于使来自所述主体除去阶段的流入物在进入所述第二HGMT装置之前冷却。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的系统，还包括回流容器，所述回流容器用于在进入所述精加工阶段之前将来自所述主体除去的所述流入物的一部分分离并重新引导至HGMT装置。
7.一种用于处理LNG进料的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
使用第一HGMT装置从流入物进料中分离并释放CO2液体；
在第二HGMT装置接收来自所述第一HGMT装置的贫CO2进料；
使用所述第二HGMT装置对所述贫CO2进料进行精加工并释放残余CO2，以及；
释放经CO2清除的LNG的流出物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，还包括将所述经CO2清除的LNG的一部分从所述第二HGMT引导至所述第一HGMT装置的步骤。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，还包括使经主体分离的流入物在进入所述第二HGMT装置之前冷却的步骤。
10.根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：
将所述贫CO2进料的液体部分通过第一热交换器冷却并膨胀，并因此；
降低贫CO2进料的压力，然后；
将所述贫CO2进料引导至所述第二HGMT装置。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：
使用第二热交换器将所述贫CO2进料的蒸气部分加热并膨胀，然后；
将所述贫CO2进料的所述蒸气部分引导至所述第二HGMT装置。
12.一种用于处理LNG进料的系统，所述系统包括：
N2除去阶段，所述N2除去阶段被布置成从流入物进料中除去并释放N2液体，所述N2除去阶段包括N2分离HGMT装置，以及
其中所述N2分离HGMT装置被布置成释放经N2清除的LNG的流出物。
13.一种用于处理LNG进料的方法，所述系统包括：
使用N2分离HGMT装置从流入物进料中除去并释放N2液体，以及
释放经N2清除的LNG的流出物。
14.一种用于处理LNG进料的系统，所述系统包括：
根据权利要求1的主体除去阶段和精加工阶段；
所述精加工阶段被布置成将经CO2清除的LNG的流出物释放至根据权利要求12的N2除去阶段。
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