CN114552238A - Broadband wide-angle scanning dual-band common-caliber phased array antenna - Google Patents
Broadband wide-angle scanning dual-band common-caliber phased array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114552238A CN114552238A CN202210192834.1A CN202210192834A CN114552238A CN 114552238 A CN114552238 A CN 114552238A CN 202210192834 A CN202210192834 A CN 202210192834A CN 114552238 A CN114552238 A CN 114552238A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/104—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using a substantially flat reflector for deflecting the radiated beam, e.g. periscopic antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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Abstract
The invention provides a broadband wide-angle scanning dual-band common-caliber phased array antenna, which comprises: the antenna comprises low-frequency band antenna units, at least 2 high-frequency band antenna units and metal reflecting plates; the low-frequency band antenna unit and the high-frequency band antenna unit are vertically arranged on the metal reflecting plate in a crossed manner, wherein the low-frequency band antenna unit and the high-frequency band antenna unit both adopt vertical microstrip oscillator antennas and adopt a design of unequal section heights; the low-frequency band antenna unit comprises a radiating microstrip, a parasitic patch and a metal isolating rod, wherein the parasitic patch is loaded on the radiating microstrip, and the metal isolating rod is arranged between the adjacent low-frequency band antenna units; the high-frequency band antenna unit comprises a radiation microstrip and a parasitic patch, the parasitic patch is loaded on the radiation microstrip, and the metal isolating rod is arranged between the adjacent high-frequency band antenna units. The invention solves the technical problems that the dual-band common-caliber antenna has narrow relative bandwidth, can not meet the requirement of broadband scanning, has sparse and irregular arrangement, poor expandability, reconfigurability, poor engineering realizability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of phased array antenna design, and particularly relates to a broadband wide-angle scanning dual-band common-caliber phased array antenna.
Background
The multifunctional phased array radar is a high-performance phased array radar, and one radar can realize the functions which can be realized by the traditional multiple radars. The multifunctional phased array radar completes double-frequency-band multifunctional tasks of searching, tracking and identifying through comprehensive integration of frequency bands and system functions, and overcomes the defect that a traditional single-frequency-band radar system is single in structure and working mode. The novel multifunctional phased array radar with the remarkable characteristic of simultaneous working of the dual-band common caliber requires that an antenna is in a dual-band common caliber mode and has the capability of broadband wide-angle scanning.
According to the prior art, the structural combination forms of common dual-band common-caliber antennas generally include three types:
firstly, a stacked structure, namely a low-frequency band patch and a high-frequency patch are placed at different heights, the total section height is the sum of the section heights of the two frequency bands, and the radiation unit is generally in a patch type. In the low-profile dual-frequency two-dimensional wide-angle scanning common-aperture phased array antenna disclosed in chinese patent application No. 201910317276.5, the upper square microstrip patch serves as a high-frequency antenna, and the lower square microstrip patch serves as a low-frequency antenna. The relative bandwidth of the active standing wave of the two frequency bands is narrow, and is about 8.8%.
In the document C.X Mao, Steven Gao, et al, "a Shared-Aperture Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Filtering-Antenna-With Improved Frequency Response, IEEE trans. antennas propag, vol.65, No.4, pp.1836-1844,2017", the upper layer of the windowed square patch serves as a C-Band Antenna unit, and the lower layer of the square patch serves as an X-Band Antenna unit. Its passive standing wave has narrow bandwidth (C frequency band: 3.8%, X frequency band: 6%), and active standing wave bandwidth and scanning ability are not mentioned.
And secondly, a plane interweaving structure is adopted, namely on the same plane, the high-frequency-band units are arranged periodically, and the slender low-frequency-band radiating units are interwoven and embedded into gaps of the high-frequency units, so that the caliber sharing is realized. The radiation elements are generally in the form of both "patch" and "slot". The X-Band cells in the documents z.sun, s.s.zhong, l.b.kong, c.gao, et al, "Dual-Band Dual-polarized Microstrip Array with Fractional Frequency Ratio, Electronic Letters,2012, vol.48, No. 12" are in the form of square patches arranged in a rectangular grid, and the S-Band cells are interleaved in the spaces between the X-Band cells in the form of narrow-sided patches. The antenna has a scanning angle of less than 30 degrees, a passive standing wave has a narrow relative bandwidth (13.1 percent of an X frequency band and 11 percent of an S frequency band), and the bandwidth of an active standing wave is not mentioned.
The document c.ying, R g.vaughan, "Dual-Polarized L-Band and Single-Polarized X-Band Shared-Aperture SAR Array, IEEE trans. antennas, vol.64, No.1, pp.109-116,2016," the medium X Band unit is in the form of a ridge waveguide slot antenna, and the L Band unit is a cavity-backed cross slot antenna, and is embedded between an Array of 4 × 6X Band slots. The scanning angles of the common-caliber antenna are within +/-10 degrees, and the relative bandwidths are narrow (the L frequency band is 8 percent, and the X frequency band is 4 percent).
And thirdly, a vertical arrangement structure is adopted, namely the high-frequency band unit and the low-frequency band unit are vertically erected on the metal reflecting plate. According to the spatial position relationship of the high-frequency band unit and the low-frequency band unit, the structure can be divided into a vertical parallel arrangement structure and a vertical arrangement structure. The common-caliber composite antenna unit disclosed in the Chinese patent application No. 201911295916.3 adopts a vertical parallel arrangement structure, and two frequency bands adopt a printed oscillator structure to realize dual-band common caliber; the advantages are compact structure, small size and low profile; the disadvantage is that two printed oscillators are arranged in parallel, so that the antenna polarization of two frequency bands is consistent, and polarization coupling occurs, thus causing poor isolation; the antenna sections of the two frequency bands are equal in height, the height of the sections is not designed according to the quarter wavelength of each frequency band, so that the standing wave bandwidths of the two frequency bands are narrow (6 percent), and the requirement of broadband scanning cannot be met; the non-regular layout mode of sparse array arrangement is required to be adopted to ensure that the antenna does not have grating lobes in a high-frequency band, so that the array has no expandability and engineering realizability.
In the document G Kwon, j.y.park, et al, "Optimization of a shaped-Aperture Dual-Band Transmitting/Receiving Array Antenna for radio Applications, IEEE trans. antennas propag, vol.65, No.12, pp.7038-7051,2017," the S-Band unit adopts a vertical microstrip Antenna form, the X-Band unit adopts a Vivaldi Antenna form, the two-Band Antenna units are perpendicular to each other, and the arrangement form adopts sparse arrangement. The scanning angle of the antenna is less than +/-40 degrees, the passive standing wave has narrow relative bandwidth (13 percent of the X frequency band and 11 percent of the S frequency band), and the active standing wave bandwidth is not mentioned; and the sparse array arrangement mode is not beneficial to the expansion and reconfigurable design of the array surface. The prior art has the technical problems that the dual-band common-aperture antenna has narrow relative bandwidth, cannot meet the requirement of broadband scanning, is sparse and irregular in arrangement, and has poor expandability, reconfigurability, engineering realizability and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the dual-band common-caliber antenna has narrow relative bandwidth, cannot meet the requirement of broadband scanning, is sparse and irregular in arrangement, and has poor expandability, reconfigurability, engineering realizability and the like.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems: a dual band wide angle scanning dual band common aperture phased array antenna comprising: the antenna comprises low-frequency band antenna units (1), not less than 2 high-frequency band antenna units (2) and a metal reflecting plate (3);
the low-frequency band antenna unit (1) and the high-frequency band antenna unit (2) are arranged on the metal reflecting plate (3) in a vertical cross-arrangement mode, wherein the low-frequency band antenna unit (1) and the high-frequency band antenna unit (2) both adopt vertical microstrip element antennas and adopt a design with unequal section heights;
the low-frequency band antenna unit (1) comprises a radiating microstrip (11), a parasitic patch (12) and a metal isolating rod (16), wherein the parasitic patch (12) is loaded on the radiating microstrip (11), and the metal isolating rod (16) is arranged between the adjacent low-frequency band antenna units (1);
the high-frequency-band antenna unit (2) comprises radiating micro-strips (21) and parasitic patches (22), the parasitic patches (22) are loaded on the radiating micro-strips (21), and the metal isolating rods (26) are arranged between the adjacent high-frequency-band antenna units (2).
The high-low frequency band antenna units of the invention all adopt vertical microstrip oscillator antennas and are arranged in a mutually vertical and crossed way, and in the aspect of the antenna units, aiming at the defect of narrow bandwidth of the traditional microstrip antenna, the low-frequency band antenna and the high-frequency band antenna both adopt a microstrip oscillator antenna form with wider bandwidth. The microstrip oscillator antenna has a simple structure and is convenient for the fusion of common-caliber structures. The broadband wide-angle scanning characteristic of the dual-band common-caliber phased array antenna can be realized. The design of windowing the radiating micro-strip and the parasitic patch of the low-frequency band antenna unit reduces the shielding of the low-frequency band antenna unit with larger section size on the radiation of the high-frequency band unit with smaller section size, and improves the active standing wave and gain reduction of the high-frequency band antenna during wide-angle scanning.
In a more specific technical solution, the low band antenna unit (1) further includes: the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate (13), a feed microstrip (14), a metalized through hole (15) and a coaxial feed port (17);
the radiating microstrip (11) is a radiating arm of a microstrip oscillator antenna, the length of the radiating arm is a quarter of the intermediate frequency wavelength of a low frequency band, and the height of the radiating microstrip (11) from the metal reflecting plate (3) is the quarter of the intermediate frequency wavelength of the low frequency band;
the parasitic patch (12) is added above the radiating microstrip (11) so as to improve the broadband wide-angle scanning performance of the broadband of the antenna unit by utilizing a loading technology;
the feed microstrip (14) adopts a two-stage impedance converter to optimize the performance of active standing waves and expand the bandwidth;
the front side and the back side of the dielectric substrate (13) are electrically connected through the metalized through hole (15), and the metalized through hole (15) is used for compensating feed distributed capacitance so as to widen the bandwidth;
and is lapped on the coaxial feed port (17) of the feed microstrip (14) by a coaxial connector.
According to the invention, two sides of the dielectric substrate are electrically connected through the metalized through holes, and the metalized through holes can compensate the feed distributed capacitance, so that the bandwidth is effectively widened. A parasitic patch is added on the basis of the traditional microstrip oscillator antenna, and the broadband wide-angle scanning performance of the antenna unit is improved by utilizing a loading technology. And introducing a metal isolation column between every two adjacent antenna units, and widening lobes of the antenna units by using a loading technology to ensure the two-dimensional wide-angle scanning performance.
In a more specific technical scheme, the coaxial feed port (17) is connected with the radiating microstrip (11) in a vertical direction through the metalized through hole (15) and is used for feeding the low-frequency band antenna unit (1).
In a more specific technical solution, the radiating microstrip (11) and the parasitic patch (12) of the low-band antenna unit (1) are windowed.
In a more specific technical solution, the high-band antenna unit (2) further includes: the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate (23), a feed microstrip (24), a metalized through hole (25), a coaxial feed port (27) and an electric connection metal sheet (28);
the radiating microstrip (21) is a radiating arm of a microstrip oscillator antenna, the length of the radiating arm is the intermediate frequency wavelength of a quarter high frequency band, and the distance between the radiating microstrip (21) and the metal reflecting plate (3) is the intermediate frequency wavelength of the quarter high frequency band;
adding the parasitic patch (22) above the radiating microstrip (21) to improve the broadband wide-angle scanning performance of the antenna unit by using a loading technology;
the feed microstrip (24) adopts a two-stage impedance converter to optimize the performance of the active standing wave so as to effectively expand the bandwidth;
the front side and the back side of the dielectric substrate (23) are electrically connected through the metalized through hole (25), and the metalized through hole (25) is used for compensating feed distributed capacitance and effectively widening the bandwidth;
the coaxial feed port (27) of the feed microstrip (24) is lapped by a coaxial connector and is connected with the radiation microstrip (21) in the vertical direction through the metallized through hole (25) so as to feed the high-frequency band antenna unit (2);
and integrally processing the 3 high-frequency-band antenna units (1) on the same dielectric substrate (23).
In a more specific technical scheme, the electric connection among the 3 high-frequency band antenna units (2) is realized by the electric connection metal sheet (28) on the dielectric substrate (23).
In a more specific technical scheme, the low-band antenna units (1) and the high-band antenna units (2) are arranged in a vertical crossing structure and are arranged in a rectangular grid form.
In a more specific technical scheme, the grid spacing of the low-band antenna unit (1) and the grid spacing of the high-band antenna unit (2) satisfy the frequency ratio relation of high and low bands.
In a more specific technical solution, the 1 low-band antenna unit (1) and the at least 2 high-band antenna units (2) form a basic periodic unit to perform a periodic continuation array, thereby realizing the expandability of the antenna array.
According to the frequency ratio relationship of high and low frequency bands, the basic periodic unit formed by the proportional relationship of 1 low frequency band antenna unit corresponding to a plurality of high frequency band antenna units can carry out periodic extension array formation, and the expandability of the antenna array is realized. The vertical cross structure of the high-frequency and low-frequency band antenna units can realize polarization orthogonality, and high isolation between the dual-frequency antennas is realized.
The vertical microstrip element antenna unit of the high-low frequency band is designed in unequal heights in section, and the height from the radiating microstrip to the metal reflecting plate is respectively one quarter of the central wavelength of each frequency band, so that the broadband performance is ensured. The broadband impedance matching capability of the antenna can be improved by adjusting the height and size of the parasitic patch loaded on the radiating microstrip.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the low-frequency band antenna unit and the high-frequency band antenna unit are arranged in a rectangular grid mode by adopting a vertical cross structure, high isolation between the dual-frequency band antennas, structural fusion and array expandability can be realized, the low-frequency band antenna unit and the high-frequency band antenna unit are both in a vertical micro-strip oscillator antenna mode, the defect of narrow bandwidth of a micro-strip patch antenna is overcome, the active standing wave performance is improved, a parasitic patch is loaded above the radiating micro-strips of the low-frequency band antenna unit and the high-frequency band antenna unit, a metal isolation rod is introduced between the adjacent antenna units, and the two-dimensional broadband wide-angle scanning capability of the antenna is improved. The vertical microstrip element antenna unit section of high and low frequency band is designed in unequal height, and the height of the radiating microstrip from the metal reflecting plate is respectively one quarter of the central wavelength of each frequency band, so as to ensure broadband performance. The design of windowing the radiating micro-strip and the parasitic patch of the low-frequency-band antenna unit effectively reduces the shielding of the low-frequency-band unit on the radiation of the high-frequency-band unit, and improves the active standing wave and gain reduction during wide-angle scanning of the high-frequency-band antenna. The invention solves the technical problems that the dual-band common-caliber antenna in the prior art has narrow relative bandwidth, can not meet the requirement of broadband scanning, has sparse and irregular arrangement, poor expandability, reconfigurability, poor engineering realizability and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall structural view of a broadband wide-angle scanning dual-band common-aperture antenna unit according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic front view of an S-band antenna unit according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic reverse side view of an S-band antenna unit according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic front view of an X-band antenna unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic reverse side view of an X-band antenna unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic front view of the integrated processing of 3X-band antenna units according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a dual-band common-aperture phased array antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the performance of the active standing wave at different scanning angles in the S-band according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the performance of the active standing wave at different scanning angles in the X-band according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a medium frequency normal test pattern at the S band in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a diagram of a IF test pattern scanned 60 degrees at S band in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a medium frequency normal test pattern at the X frequency band in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a if test pattern for scanning 60 degrees in the X band according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a broadband wide-angle scanning dual-band common-caliber phased array antenna unit comprises a low-band antenna unit, a high-band antenna unit and a metal reflecting plate. The low-frequency band antenna unit and the high-frequency band antenna unit adopt the form of a vertical microstrip oscillator antenna.
The low-frequency band antenna unit consists of a radiating microstrip, a parasitic patch, a feed microstrip, a dielectric substrate, a metal isolating rod, a metalized through hole and a coaxial feed port; the low-frequency-band antenna unit is formed by printing a double-sided copper-clad dielectric substrate, the front side of the dielectric substrate is provided with a radiating microstrip and a parasitic patch, and the radiating microstrip and the parasitic patch are subjected to windowing design. The reverse side of the dielectric substrate is a feed microstrip, and the coaxial connector feeds the antenna unit through a coaxial feed point on the feed microstrip. The front surface and the back surface of the dielectric substrate of the low-frequency band antenna unit are electrically connected through the metallized through holes.
The high-frequency band antenna unit consists of a radiation microstrip, a parasitic patch, a feed microstrip, a dielectric substrate, a metal isolating rod, a metalized through hole, a coaxial feed port and an electric connection metal sheet; the high-frequency band antenna unit is formed by printing a double-sided copper-coated dielectric substrate, the front side of the dielectric substrate is provided with a radiating microstrip and a parasitic patch, the back side of the dielectric substrate is provided with a feed microstrip, and the coaxial connector feeds the antenna unit through a coaxial feed point on the feed microstrip. The front surface and the back surface of the dielectric substrate are electrically connected through the metalized through holes. The plurality of high-band antenna units are integrally processed, and the high-band antenna units on the same dielectric substrate are electrically connected by utilizing the electrically connected metal sheets on the dielectric substrate.
The array mode of the phased array antenna unit is as follows: the low-frequency band antenna units and the high-frequency band antenna units are arranged in a vertical crossed structure and are arranged in a rectangular grid mode. The grid spacing of the low-frequency-band antenna unit and the grid spacing of the high-frequency-band antenna unit meet the frequency ratio relationship of high and low frequency bands. The 1 low-frequency-band antenna unit and the plurality of high-frequency-band antenna units form a basic periodic unit, so that periodic extension array can be performed, and the extensibility of the antenna array is realized.
As shown in fig. 1, the co-aperture phased array antenna unit is composed of 1S-band antenna unit 1, 9X-band antenna units 2, and a metal reflector 3. The S-band antenna unit 1 and the X-band antenna unit 2 both adopt the form of vertical microstrip oscillator antennas. The S frequency band unit 1 and the X frequency band unit 2 are vertically arranged in a cross mode, and the isolation between the dual-frequency antenna units is improved by utilizing polarization orthogonality.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the S-band antenna unit 1 includes: radiating microstrip 11, parasitic patch 12, dielectric substrate 13, feed microstrip 14, metalized via 15, metal isolation rod 16 and coaxial feed port 17. The radiating microstrip 11 is a radiating arm of a microstrip element antenna, and the length of the radiating arm is about a quarter of the intermediate frequency wavelength of an S frequency band. The height of the radiating microstrip 11 from the metal reflector plate 3 is about a quarter of the intermediate frequency wavelength of the S-band. And a parasitic patch 12 is added above the radiating microstrip 11, and the broadband wide-angle scanning performance of the antenna unit is improved by utilizing a loading technology. The feed microstrip 14 adopts a two-stage impedance converter to optimize the performance of the active standing wave, and effectively expands the bandwidth. The front side and the back side of the dielectric substrate 13 are electrically connected through the metalized through hole 15, and the metalized through hole 15 can compensate the feed distributed capacitance, so that the bandwidth is effectively widened. The coaxial connector is lapped on a coaxial feed port 17 of the feed microstrip 11 and is connected with the radiation microstrip 11 in the vertical direction through the metalized through hole 15, so that the feed to the S-band antenna unit 1 is completed. The metal isolation rod 16 is adopted, the lobe of the antenna unit is widened by utilizing the loading technology to ensure the performance of two-wide-angle scanning, and meanwhile, the electric connection of adjacent units after array combination is realized. The design of windowing is carried out on the radiating micro-strip 11 and the parasitic patch 12 of the S-band antenna unit 1, the shielding of the S-band antenna unit 1 with larger cross section size on the radiation of the X-band antenna unit 2 with smaller cross section size is reduced, and the active standing wave and gain reduction during wide-angle scanning of the X-band antenna unit are improved.
As shown in fig. 1, 4 to 6, the X-band antenna unit 2 includes: the antenna comprises a radiating microstrip 21, a parasitic patch 22, a dielectric substrate 23, a feeding microstrip 24, a metalized through hole 25, a metal isolation rod 26, a coaxial feeding port 27 and an electric connection metal sheet 28. The radiating microstrip 21 is a radiating arm of a microstrip element antenna, and the length of the radiating arm is about a quarter of the intermediate frequency wavelength of an X frequency band. The height of the radiating microstrip 21 from the metal reflection plate 3 is about a quarter of the intermediate frequency wavelength of the X band. And a parasitic patch 22 is added above the radiating microstrip 21, and the broadband wide-angle scanning performance of the antenna unit is improved by utilizing a loading technology. The feed microstrip 24 adopts a two-stage impedance converter to optimize the performance of the active standing wave, and effectively expands the bandwidth. The front side and the back side of the dielectric substrate 23 are electrically connected through the metalized through hole 25, and the metalized through hole 25 can compensate the feed distributed capacitance, so that the bandwidth is effectively widened. The coaxial connector is lapped on a coaxial feed port 27 of the feed microstrip 21 and is connected with the radiation microstrip 21 in the vertical direction through the metalized through hole 25, and the feed to the X-band antenna unit 2 is completed. The metallic spacer 26 is used to widen the lobe of the antenna element using loading techniques to ensure two-wide angle scanning performance. For convenience of process manufacturing, the 3X-band antenna units 1 are integrally processed on the same dielectric substrate 23, and the electrical connection between the 3X-band antenna units is realized by using the electrical connection metal sheet 28 on the dielectric substrate.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 7, this embodiment designs a wideband wide-angle scanning dual-band common-aperture phased array antenna array, which operates in the S-band and the X-band.
The array consists of periodic extensions of co-aperture phased array antenna elements. The embodiment comprises the following steps: s-band antenna element 8 (azimuth) × 8 (elevation) 64 elements, and X-band antenna element 24 (azimuth) × 24 (elevation) 576 elements. The dielectric substrates adopted by the S-band antenna unit 1 and the X-band antenna unit 2 are Rogers 4350B, the relative dielectric constant is 3.66, the thickness of the dielectric substrate of the S-band antenna unit 1 is 1.524mm, and the thickness of the dielectric substrate of the X-band antenna unit 2 is 0.508 mm.
Fig. 8 shows the active standing wave curves of the phased array antenna array of this embodiment at different scan angles of the S-band, where fL0Representing the center frequency of the S operating band. The results show that the antenna array has better active standing wave than 2.5 within an operating frequency band with a relative bandwidth of about 26 percent and a scanning angle range of +/-60 degrees.
FIG. 9 shows the active standing wave curves of the phased array antenna array of this embodiment at different scan angles of the S-band, where fH0Representing the center frequency of the X operating band. The results show that the antenna array has better active standing wave than 2.5 within the +/-60-degree scanning angle range of the working frequency band with the relative bandwidth of about 35%.
Fig. 10 and fig. 11 show normalized test patterns of the phased array antenna array of this embodiment at different scan angles at the S-band central frequency point, and the results show that the antenna can scan within ± 60 ° at the S-band central frequency point without grating lobes.
Fig. 12 and 13 show normalized test patterns of the phased array antenna array of the embodiment at different scanning angles at the central frequency point of the X frequency band, and the results show that the antenna can scan within a range of ± 60 ° at the central frequency point of the X frequency band without grating lobes.
In conclusion, the low-frequency band antenna unit and the high-frequency band antenna unit are arranged in a rectangular grid mode and in a vertical cross structure mode, high isolation, structural fusion and array expandability between the dual-frequency band antennas can be achieved, the low-frequency band antenna unit and the high-frequency band antenna unit are both in a vertical microstrip oscillator antenna mode, the defect that the microstrip patch antenna is narrow in bandwidth is overcome, active standing wave performance is improved, a parasitic patch is loaded above a radiating microstrip of the low-frequency band antenna unit and the high-frequency band antenna unit, a metal isolation rod is introduced between adjacent antenna units, and the two-dimensional broadband wide-angle scanning capacity of the antenna is improved. The vertical microstrip element antenna unit section of high and low frequency band is designed in unequal height, and the height of the radiating microstrip from the metal reflecting plate is respectively one quarter of the central wavelength of each frequency band, so as to ensure broadband performance. The design of windowing the radiating micro-strip and the parasitic patch of the low-frequency-band antenna unit effectively reduces the shielding of the frequency band unit on the radiation of the high-frequency-band unit, and improves the active standing wave and gain reduction during wide-angle scanning of the high-frequency-band antenna. The invention solves the technical problems that the dual-band common-caliber antenna in the prior art has narrow relative bandwidth, can not meet the requirement of broadband scanning, has sparse and irregular arrangement, poor expandability, reconfigurability, poor engineering realizability and the like.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A dual-band common-aperture phased array antenna for wide-angle scanning of a broadband, comprising: the antenna comprises low-frequency band antenna units (1), not less than 2 high-frequency band antenna units (2) and a metal reflecting plate (3);
the low-frequency band antenna unit (1) and the high-frequency band antenna unit (2) are arranged on the metal reflecting plate (3) in a vertical cross-arrangement mode, wherein the low-frequency band antenna unit (1) and the high-frequency band antenna unit (2) both adopt vertical microstrip element antennas and adopt a design with unequal section heights;
the low-frequency band antenna unit (1) comprises a radiating microstrip (11), a parasitic patch (12) and a metal isolating rod (16), wherein the parasitic patch (12) is loaded on the radiating microstrip (11), and the metal isolating rod (16) is arranged between the adjacent low-frequency band antenna units (1);
the high-frequency-band antenna unit (2) comprises radiating micro-strips (21) and parasitic patches (22), the parasitic patches (22) are loaded on the radiating micro-strips (21), and the metal isolating rods (26) are arranged between the adjacent high-frequency-band antenna units (2).
2. The dual band wide angle scanning common aperture phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein said low band antenna unit (1) further comprises: the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate (13), a feed microstrip (14), a metalized through hole (15) and a coaxial feed port (17);
the radiating microstrip (11) is a radiating arm of a microstrip oscillator antenna, the length of the radiating arm is a quarter of the intermediate frequency wavelength of a low frequency band, and the height of the radiating microstrip (11) from the metal reflecting plate (3) is the quarter of the intermediate frequency wavelength of the low frequency band;
the parasitic patch (12) is added above the radiating microstrip (11) so as to improve the broadband wide-angle scanning performance of the broadband of the antenna unit by utilizing a loading technology;
the feed microstrip (14) adopts a two-stage impedance converter to optimize the performance of active standing waves and expand the bandwidth;
the front side and the back side of the dielectric substrate (13) are electrically connected through the metalized through hole (15), and the metalized through hole (15) is used for compensating feed distributed capacitance so as to widen the bandwidth;
and is lapped on the coaxial feed port (17) of the feed microstrip (14) by a coaxial connector.
3. A wideband wide angle scanning dual band common aperture phased array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that the coaxial feed port (17) is connected to the radiating microstrip (11) in vertical direction through the metallized via (15) for feeding the low band antenna element (1).
4. A wideband wide angle scanning dual band common aperture phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the radiating microstrip (11) and the parasitic patch (12) of the low band antenna element (1) are windowed.
5. The dual band wide angle scanning common aperture phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein said high band antenna element (2) further comprises: the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate (23), a feed microstrip (24), a metalized through hole (25), a coaxial feed port (27) and an electric connection metal sheet (28);
the radiating microstrip (21) is a radiating arm of a microstrip oscillator antenna, the length of the radiating arm is the intermediate frequency wavelength of a quarter high frequency band, and the distance between the radiating microstrip (21) and the metal reflecting plate (3) is the intermediate frequency wavelength of the quarter high frequency band;
adding the parasitic patch (22) above the radiating microstrip (21) to improve the broadband wide-angle scanning performance of the antenna unit by using a loading technology;
the feed microstrip (24) adopts a two-stage impedance converter to optimize the performance of the active standing wave so as to effectively expand the bandwidth;
the front side and the back side of the dielectric substrate (23) are electrically connected through the metalized through hole (25), and the metalized through hole (25) is used for compensating feed distributed capacitance and effectively widening the bandwidth;
the coaxial feed port (27) of the feed microstrip (24) is lapped by a coaxial connector and is connected with the radiation microstrip (21) in the vertical direction through the metallized through hole (25) so as to feed the high-frequency band antenna unit (2);
and integrally processing the 3 high-frequency-band antenna units (1) on the same dielectric substrate (23).
6. The dual band wide angle scanning dual band common aperture phased array antenna according to claim 5, wherein the electrical connection between 3 said high band antenna elements (2) is realized by said electrical connection metal sheet (28) on said dielectric substrate (23).
7. The dual-band wide-angle scanning common-aperture phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the low-band antenna elements (1) and the high-band antenna elements (2) are arranged in a vertical crossing structure and arranged in a rectangular grid.
8. The dual-band common-aperture phased array antenna with wide-band and wide-angle scanning according to claim 1, wherein the grid spacing of the low-band antenna unit (1) and the grid spacing of the high-band antenna unit (2) satisfy a frequency ratio relationship between high and low bands.
9. The dual-band common-aperture phased array antenna for wide-angle scanning of broadband according to claim 1, wherein the 1 low-band antenna unit (1) and the at least 2 high-band antenna units (2) form a basic periodic unit to perform a periodic continuation array, thereby realizing expandability of the antenna array.
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