CN114542218B - High-temperature gas cooled reactor thermoelectric water triple supply system and method - Google Patents
High-temperature gas cooled reactor thermoelectric water triple supply system and method Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/02—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of multiple-expansion type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B33/00—Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
- F22B33/18—Combinations of steam boilers with other apparatus
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/12—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from pressure vessel; from containment vessel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高温气冷堆热电水三联供系统及方法，包括反应堆、蒸汽发生器、汽轮机高中压缸、汽轮机低压缸、发电机、除氧器、凝汽器、海水储罐、第一调节阀、海水换热器、第二调节阀、一级热网换热器、热网用户站、热网循环泵、二级热网换热器、真空蒸发器、淡水储罐、第三调节阀及第四调节阀，该系统及方法能够基于高温气冷堆核电站实现热电水三联供。
The invention discloses a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor combined heat, electricity and water supply system and method, which includes a reactor, a steam generator, a steam turbine high and medium pressure cylinder, a steam turbine low pressure cylinder, a generator, a deaerator, a condenser, a seawater storage tank, and a third First regulating valve, seawater heat exchanger, second regulating valve, primary heat network heat exchanger, heat network user station, heat network circulation pump, secondary heat network heat exchanger, vacuum evaporator, fresh water storage tank, third Regulating valve and fourth regulating valve, the system and method can realize trigeneration of heat, electricity and water based on high-temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power plant.
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明属于属于核能科学与工程领域，涉及一种高温气冷堆热电水三联供系统及方法。The invention belongs to the field of nuclear energy science and engineering, and relates to a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor combined heat, electricity and water system and method.
背景技术Background technique
水资源枯竭、能源短缺、温室气体效应是目前全人类面临的几大关键热点问题，我国是水资源严重短缺国家，资源性缺水与水质性缺水并存；尤其作为经济发展的沿海地区，水资源匮乏形势尤为严峻。在能源利用过程中充分利用余热来开发清洁能源淡化海水是解决能源水源问题的重要途径。Water resource depletion, energy shortage, and greenhouse gas effects are several key hot issues currently facing all mankind. my country is a country with severe water shortages. Resource water shortages and water quality water shortages coexist; especially in coastal areas with economic development, water shortages The situation of resource scarcity is particularly severe. Making full use of waste heat in the energy utilization process to develop clean energy and desalinate seawater is an important way to solve the energy and water source problem.
热电水三联供系统是一种将发电、供热和海水淡化过程综合为一体的多联产系统。热电水三联供技术具有提高能源利用率，减少有害气体排放和实现能源多样化供给的优势，对于我国力争2030年前实现碳达峰、2060年前实现碳中和的战略目标，具有较好的示范效益。The combined heat, power and water system is a polygeneration system that integrates power generation, heating and seawater desalination processes. The combined heating, power and water technology has the advantages of improving energy utilization, reducing harmful gas emissions and achieving diversified energy supply. It is a good candidate for my country's strategic goals of reaching carbon peak before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality before 2060. Demonstration benefits.
高温气冷堆示范工程采用氦气作为冷却剂，石墨作为慢化剂，将核能发电效率从37％左右提升至42％以上；蒸汽发生器出口温度高达571℃，具有固有安全性，模块化设计及建造，发电效率高等优点，在热电冷联产、高温工艺热应用等核能综合利用上拥有更广阔前景。目前我国正在建设的200MW高温气冷堆示范工程仅用于发电，尚无成熟的高温气冷堆热电水三联供系统。The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor demonstration project uses helium as the coolant and graphite as the moderator to increase the nuclear power generation efficiency from about 37% to more than 42%; the steam generator outlet temperature is as high as 571°C, with inherent safety and modular design And construction, high power generation efficiency and other advantages, it has broader prospects in the comprehensive utilization of nuclear energy such as combined heat, power and cooling, high-temperature process heat application. The 200MW high-temperature gas-cooled reactor demonstration project currently under construction in our country is only used for power generation, and there is no mature high-temperature gas-cooled reactor combined heat, power and water system.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点，提供了一种高温气冷堆热电水三联供系统及方法，该系统及方法能够基于高温气冷堆核电站实现热电水三联供。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art and provide a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor triple power supply system and method, which can realize triple power supply of heat, electricity and water based on a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power plant.
为达到上述目的，本发明所述的高温气冷堆热电水三联供系统包括反应堆、蒸汽发生器、汽轮机高中压缸、汽轮机低压缸、发电机、除氧器、凝汽器、海水储罐、第一调节阀、海水换热器、第二调节阀、一级热网换热器、热网用户站、热网循环泵、二级热网换热器、真空蒸发器、淡水储罐、第三调节阀及第四调节阀；In order to achieve the above objectives, the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor combined heat, electricity and water system of the present invention includes a reactor, a steam generator, a steam turbine high and medium pressure cylinder, a steam turbine low pressure cylinder, a generator, a deaerator, a condenser, and a seawater storage tank. The first regulating valve, seawater heat exchanger, second regulating valve, primary heating network heat exchanger, heating network user station, heating network circulation pump, secondary heating network heat exchanger, vacuum evaporator, fresh water storage tank, third The third regulating valve and the fourth regulating valve;
反应堆与蒸汽发生器的一次侧相连接，除氧器的出口与蒸汽发生器的二次侧入口相连通，蒸汽发生器的二次侧出口与汽轮机高中压缸的入口相连通，汽轮机高中压缸的抽汽出口与除氧器的入口相连通，汽轮机高中压缸的出口分为两路，其中，一路与汽轮机低压缸的入口相连通，另一路与第一调节阀的入口及第二调节阀的入口相连通，汽轮机低压缸的出口分为两路：一路与发电机相连通，另一路与凝汽器的壳侧第一入口相连通；第一调节阀的出口与海水换热器的壳侧入口相连通，海水换热器的壳侧出口与凝汽器的壳侧第二入口相连通；凝汽器的壳侧出口与除氧器的入口相连通，第二调节阀的出口与一级热网换热器的壳侧入口相连通，一级热网换热器的壳侧出口与凝汽器的壳侧第三入口相连通；The reactor is connected to the primary side of the steam generator, the outlet of the deaerator is connected to the secondary inlet of the steam generator, the secondary outlet of the steam generator is connected to the inlet of the high and medium pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, and the high and medium pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is connected. The extraction steam outlet is connected to the inlet of the deaerator. The outlet of the high and medium pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is divided into two paths. One path is connected to the inlet of the low pressure cylinder of the turbine, and the other path is connected to the inlet of the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve. The inlet of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder is connected to two channels: one is connected to the generator, the other is connected to the first inlet on the shell side of the condenser; the outlet of the first regulating valve is connected to the shell of the seawater heat exchanger The side inlet is connected, the shell side outlet of the seawater heat exchanger is connected with the second shell side inlet of the condenser; the shell side outlet of the condenser is connected with the inlet of the deaerator, and the outlet of the second regulating valve is connected with a second inlet of the condenser. The shell-side inlet of the first-stage heat network heat exchanger is connected, and the shell-side outlet of the first-level heat network heat exchanger is connected with the third shell-side inlet of the condenser;
海水储罐的出口与凝汽器的管侧入口相连通，凝汽器的管侧出口与海水换热器的管侧入口相连通，海水换热器的管侧出口与真空蒸发器的入口相连通，真空蒸发器的上部出口与二级热网换热器的壳侧入口相连通，二级热网换热器的壳侧出口与淡水储罐的入口相连通，淡水储罐的出口分为两路，其中，一路与第三调节阀的入口相连通，另一路与第四调节阀的入口相连通，第三调节阀的出口与热网循环泵的出口通过管道并管后与二级热网换热器的管侧入口相连通，二级热网换热器的管侧出口与一级热网换热器的管侧入口相连通，一级热网换热器的管侧出口与热网用户站的入口相连通，热网用户站的出口与热网循环泵的入口相连通，第四调节阀的出口与除氧器的入口相连通。The outlet of the seawater storage tank is connected to the tube side inlet of the condenser, the tube side outlet of the condenser is connected to the tube side inlet of the seawater heat exchanger, and the tube side outlet of the seawater heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the vacuum evaporator. The upper outlet of the vacuum evaporator is connected to the shell side inlet of the secondary heat network heat exchanger. The shell side outlet of the secondary heat network heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the fresh water storage tank. The outlet of the fresh water storage tank is divided into There are two paths, one of which is connected to the inlet of the third regulating valve, and the other is connected to the inlet of the fourth regulating valve. The outlet of the third regulating valve and the outlet of the heating network circulation pump are connected to the secondary heat through a pipeline. The tube side inlet of the network heat exchanger is connected, the tube side outlet of the secondary heat network heat exchanger is connected with the tube side inlet of the primary heat network heat exchanger, and the tube side outlet of the primary heat network heat exchanger is connected with the heat exchanger. The inlet of the network user station is connected, the outlet of the heat network user station is connected with the inlet of the heat network circulation pump, and the outlet of the fourth regulating valve is connected with the inlet of the deaerator.
反应堆的出口与蒸汽发生器的一次侧入口相连接，蒸汽发生器的一次侧出口与主氦风机的入口相连接，主氦风机的出口与反应堆的入口相连通。The outlet of the reactor is connected to the primary inlet of the steam generator, the primary outlet of the steam generator is connected to the inlet of the main helium blower, and the outlet of the main helium blower is connected to the inlet of the reactor.
凝汽器的壳侧出口与凝结水泵的入口相连通，凝结水泵的出口与除氧器的入口相连通。The shell side outlet of the condenser is connected with the inlet of the condensate pump, and the outlet of the condensate pump is connected with the inlet of the deaerator.
除氧器的出口经给水泵与蒸汽发生器的二次侧入口相连通。The outlet of the deaerator is connected to the secondary inlet of the steam generator through the feed water pump.
海水储罐的出口与海水输送泵的入口相连通，海水输送泵的出口与凝汽器的管侧入口相连通。The outlet of the seawater storage tank is connected with the inlet of the seawater transfer pump, and the outlet of the seawater transfer pump is connected with the tube side inlet of the condenser.
真空蒸发器的下部出口与固化物储罐相连通。The lower outlet of the vacuum evaporator is connected with the solidified material storage tank.
淡水储罐的出口经淡水输送泵分为两路。The outlet of the fresh water storage tank is divided into two channels through the fresh water transfer pump.
本发明所述的高温气冷堆热电水三联供方法包括以下步骤：The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor combined heat, power and water supply method according to the present invention includes the following steps:
反应堆输出的一回路冷却剂进入到蒸汽发生器的一次侧与二次侧给水换热，然后再进入反应堆中进行吸热，形成反应堆循环回路；The primary loop coolant output from the reactor enters the primary side and secondary side of the steam generator to exchange heat with water, and then enters the reactor to absorb heat, forming a reactor circulation loop;
除氧器中输出的给水进入蒸汽发生器的二次侧中吸热后，产生的蒸汽依次进入汽轮机高中压缸及汽轮机低压缸做功，并驱动发电机发电；汽轮机低压缸的排汽进入凝汽器中冷凝后，再输送至除氧器中，以形成二回路给水循环和发电回路；After the feed water output from the deaerator enters the secondary side of the steam generator to absorb heat, the generated steam sequentially enters the high-pressure and high-pressure cylinders of the steam turbine and the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to perform work and drive the generator to generate electricity; the exhaust steam from the low-pressure steam turbine cylinder enters the condensing steam After condensation in the device, it is then transported to the deaerator to form a secondary water supply circulation and power generation loop;
海水储罐中的海水进入到凝汽器中吸收汽轮机低压缸的排汽热量，进行初级加热后进入海水换热器中吸收汽轮机高中压缸的排汽热量，完成二级加热后进入真空蒸发器中，利用海水在负压环境下沸点低的特点，蒸发液进入二级热网换热器中与热网冷端供水换热后冷凝，形成的冷凝水进入淡水储罐，以形成海水淡化回路；The seawater in the seawater storage tank enters the condenser to absorb the exhaust heat of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine. After primary heating, it enters the seawater heat exchanger to absorb the exhaust heat of the high- and medium-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine. After completing the secondary heating, it enters the vacuum evaporator. , taking advantage of the low boiling point of seawater in a negative pressure environment, the evaporated liquid enters the secondary heating network heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the cold end water supply of the heating network and then condenses. The formed condensed water enters the fresh water storage tank to form a seawater desalination loop. ;
热网用户站输出的热网冷端供水输送至二级热网换热器中吸收海水蒸发液中的热量后，再进入一级热网换热器中继续吸收汽轮机高中压缸的排汽热量，热网热端供水输送至热网用户站中，以形成供热回路。The cold end water supply of the heating network output from the heating network user station is transported to the secondary heating network heat exchanger to absorb the heat in the seawater evaporation liquid, and then enters the primary heating network heat exchanger to continue to absorb the exhaust heat of the high and medium pressure cylinders of the steam turbine. , the hot end water supply of the heating network is transported to the heating network user station to form a heating loop.
本发明具有以下有益效果：The invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明所述的高温气冷堆热电水三联供系统及方法在具体操作时，反应堆输出的一回路冷却剂进入到蒸汽发生器的一次侧中与二次侧给水换热，生成蒸汽，蒸汽进入到汽轮机高中压缸中及汽轮机低压缸中做功，汽轮机高中压缸及汽轮机低压缸的排汽分为三路，第一路进入到发电机中用于发电，第二路作为海水加热的热源，以淡化海水，第三路作为供热热源，用于热网用户站的供热，以实现热电水三联供，极大地提高了核能综合利用效率。另外，本发明利用海水吸收凝汽器的排汽余热完成初级加热，利用真空蒸汽发生器实现海水低温闪蒸，并将热量传递至热网冷端给水完成初级加热，实现能量的梯度综合利用。另外，本发明将海水经过淡化处理后用于发电回路及供热回路循环补充水，能够节约外部供水需求量，具有一定的经济效益。During specific operation of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor combined heat, electricity and water three-generation system and method of the present invention, the primary loop coolant output from the reactor enters the primary side of the steam generator to exchange heat with the secondary side feed water to generate steam, and the steam enters It goes to the high and medium pressure cylinders of the steam turbine and the low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to do work. The exhaust steam from the high and medium pressure cylinders of the steam turbine and the low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is divided into three paths. The first path goes into the generator for power generation, and the second path is used as a heat source for seawater heating. Using desalinated seawater, the third route is used as a heating source for heating network user stations to achieve tri-generation of heat, electricity and water, which greatly improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency of nuclear energy. In addition, the present invention uses seawater to absorb the exhaust heat of the condenser to complete primary heating, uses a vacuum steam generator to achieve low-temperature flash evaporation of seawater, and transfers heat to the cold end water supply of the heating network to complete primary heating, achieving gradient comprehensive utilization of energy. In addition, the present invention uses desalinated seawater to circulate and replenish water in the power generation circuit and the heating circuit, which can save the external water supply demand and has certain economic benefits.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本发明的结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
其中，1为反应堆、2为蒸汽发生器、3为主氦风机、4为给水泵、5为汽轮机高中压缸、6为汽轮机低压缸、7为发电机、8为除氧器、9为凝汽器、10为凝结水泵、11为海水储罐、12为海水输送泵、13为第一调节阀、14为海水换热器、15为第二调节阀、16为一级热网换热器、17为热网用户站、18为热网循环泵、19为二级热网换热器、20为真空蒸发器、21为固化物储罐、22为淡水储罐、23为淡水输送泵23、24为第三调节阀、25为第四调节阀。Among them, 1 is the reactor, 2 is the steam generator, 3 is the main helium blower, 4 is the feed water pump, 5 is the steam turbine high and medium pressure cylinder, 6 is the steam turbine low pressure cylinder, 7 is the generator, 8 is the deaerator, and 9 is the condensator. Steam boiler, 10 is the condensate pump, 11 is the seawater storage tank, 12 is the seawater transfer pump, 13 is the first regulating valve, 14 is the seawater heat exchanger, 15 is the second regulating valve, and 16 is the first-level heat network heat exchanger. , 17 is the heating network user station, 18 is the heating network circulation pump, 19 is the secondary heating network heat exchanger, 20 is the vacuum evaporator, 21 is the solidification storage tank, 22 is the fresh water storage tank, 23 is the fresh water transfer pump 23 , 24 is the third regulating valve, and 25 is the fourth regulating valve.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例，不是全部的实施例，而并非要限制本发明公开的范围。此外，在以下说明中，省略了对公知结构和技术的描述，以避免不必要的混淆本发明公开的概念。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only These are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure of the present invention. Furthermore, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concepts disclosed in the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
在附图中示出了根据本发明公开实施例的结构示意图。这些图并非是按比例绘制的，其中为了清楚表达的目的，放大了某些细节，并且可能省略了某些细节。图中所示出的各种区域、层的形状及它们之间的相对大小、位置关系仅是示例性的，实际中可能由于制造公差或技术限制而有所偏差，并且本领域技术人员根据实际所需可以另外设计具有不同形状、大小、相对位置的区域/层。A schematic structural diagram according to a disclosed embodiment of the present invention is shown in the accompanying drawings. The drawings are not drawn to scale, with certain details exaggerated and may have been omitted for purposes of clarity. The shapes of the various regions and layers shown in the figures and the relative sizes and positional relationships between them are only exemplary. In practice, there may be deviations due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and those skilled in the art will base their judgment on actual situations. Additional regions/layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions can be designed as needed.
参考图1，本发明所述的高温气冷堆热电水三联供系统包括反应堆1、蒸汽发生器2、主氦风机3、给水泵4、汽轮机高中压缸5、汽轮机低压缸6、发电机7、除氧器8、凝汽器9、凝结水泵10、海水储罐11、海水输送泵12、第一调节阀13、海水换热器14、第二调节阀15、一级热网换热器16、热网用户站17、热网循环泵18、二级热网换热器19、真空蒸发器20、固化物储罐21、淡水储罐22、淡水输送泵23、第三调节阀24及第四调节阀25；Referring to Figure 1, the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor combined heat, electricity and water system of the present invention includes a reactor 1, a steam generator 2, a main helium fan 3, a feed water pump 4, a steam turbine high and medium pressure cylinder 5, a steam turbine low pressure cylinder 6, and a generator 7 , deaerator 8, condenser 9, condensate pump 10, seawater storage tank 11, seawater transfer pump 12, first regulating valve 13, seawater heat exchanger 14, second regulating valve 15, first-level heat network heat exchanger 16. Heat network user station 17, heat network circulation pump 18, secondary heat network heat exchanger 19, vacuum evaporator 20, solidified material storage tank 21, fresh water storage tank 22, fresh water delivery pump 23, third regulating valve 24 and fourth regulating valve 25;
反应堆1的出口与蒸汽发生器2的一次侧入口相连接，蒸汽发生器2的一次侧出口与主氦风机3的入口相连接，主氦风机3的出口与反应堆1的入口相连通，给水泵4的出口与蒸汽发生器2的二次侧入口相连通，蒸汽发生器2的二次侧出口与汽轮机高中压缸5的入口相连通，汽轮机高中压缸5的抽汽出口与除氧器8的入口相连通，汽轮机高中压缸5的出口分为两路，其中，一路与汽轮机低压缸6的入口相连通，另一路与第一调节阀13的入口及第二调节阀15的入口相连通，汽轮机低压缸6的出口分为两路：一路与发电机7相连通，另一路与凝汽器9的壳侧第一入口相连通；第一调节阀13的出口与海水换热器14的壳侧入口相连通，海水换热器14的壳侧出口与凝汽器9的壳侧第二入口相连通；凝汽器9的壳侧出口与凝结水泵10的入口相连通，凝结水泵10的出口与除氧器8的入口相连通，除氧器8的出口与给水泵4的入口相连通，第二调节阀15的出口与一级热网换热器16的壳侧入口相连通，一级热网换热器16的壳侧出口与凝汽器9的壳侧第三入口相连通；The outlet of reactor 1 is connected to the primary inlet of steam generator 2, the primary outlet of steam generator 2 is connected to the inlet of main helium blower 3, the outlet of main helium blower 3 is connected to the inlet of reactor 1, and the feed water pump The outlet of 4 is connected with the secondary side inlet of the steam generator 2, the secondary side outlet of the steam generator 2 is connected with the inlet of the steam turbine high and medium pressure cylinder 5, and the extraction outlet of the steam turbine high and medium pressure cylinder 5 is connected with the deaerator 8 The inlet of the steam turbine high and medium pressure cylinder 5 is connected, and the outlet of the steam turbine high and medium pressure cylinder 5 is divided into two paths. Among them, one path is connected with the inlet of the steam turbine low pressure cylinder 6, and the other path is connected with the inlet of the first regulating valve 13 and the inlet of the second regulating valve 15. , the outlet of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 6 is divided into two channels: one channel is connected to the generator 7, and the other channel is connected to the first inlet on the shell side of the condenser 9; the outlet of the first regulating valve 13 is connected to the seawater heat exchanger 14 The shell side inlet is connected, the shell side outlet of the seawater heat exchanger 14 is connected with the second shell side inlet of the condenser 9; the shell side outlet of the condenser 9 is connected with the inlet of the condensation water pump 10, and the condensation water pump 10 The outlet is connected to the inlet of the deaerator 8, the outlet of the deaerator 8 is connected to the inlet of the feed water pump 4, the outlet of the second regulating valve 15 is connected to the shell side inlet of the primary heat network heat exchanger 16, and a The shell-side outlet of the stage heat network heat exchanger 16 is connected with the third shell-side inlet of the condenser 9;
海水储罐11的出口与海水输送泵12的入口相连通，海水输送泵12的出口与凝汽器9的管侧入口相连通，凝汽器9的管侧出口与海水换热器14的管侧入口相连通，海水换热器14的管侧出口与真空蒸发器20的入口相连通，真空蒸发器20的上部出口与二级热网换热器19的壳侧入口相连通，真空蒸发器20的下部出口与固化物储罐21相连通，二级热网换热器19的壳侧出口与淡水储罐22的入口相连通，淡水储罐22的出口与淡水输送泵23的入口相连通，淡水输送泵23的出口分为两路，其中，一路与第三调节阀24的入口相连通，另一路与第四调节阀25的入口相连通，第三调节阀24的出口与热网循环泵18的出口通过管道并管后与二级热网换热器19的管侧入口相连通，二级热网换热器19的管侧出口与一级热网换热器16的管侧入口相连通，一级热网换热器16的管侧出口与热网用户站17的入口相连通，热网用户站17的出口与热网循环泵18的入口相连通，第四调节阀25的出口与除氧器8的入口相连通。The outlet of the seawater storage tank 11 is connected with the inlet of the seawater transfer pump 12, the outlet of the seawater transfer pump 12 is connected with the tube side inlet of the condenser 9, and the tube side outlet of the condenser 9 is connected with the tube of the seawater heat exchanger 14. The side inlets are connected, the tube side outlet of the seawater heat exchanger 14 is connected with the inlet of the vacuum evaporator 20, the upper outlet of the vacuum evaporator 20 is connected with the shell side inlet of the secondary heat network heat exchanger 19, and the vacuum evaporator The lower outlet of 20 is connected with the solidified matter storage tank 21, the shell side outlet of the secondary heat network heat exchanger 19 is connected with the inlet of the fresh water storage tank 22, and the outlet of the fresh water storage tank 22 is connected with the inlet of the fresh water transfer pump 23. , the outlet of the fresh water delivery pump 23 is divided into two channels, one of which is connected to the inlet of the third regulating valve 24, the other is connected to the inlet of the fourth regulating valve 25, and the outlet of the third regulating valve 24 is circulated with the heating network. The outlet of the pump 18 is connected to the tube side inlet of the secondary heat network heat exchanger 19 through the pipeline, and the tube side outlet of the secondary heat network heat exchanger 19 is connected to the tube side inlet of the primary heat network heat exchanger 16. are connected, the tube side outlet of the primary heat network heat exchanger 16 is connected with the inlet of the heat network user station 17, the outlet of the heat network user station 17 is connected with the inlet of the heat network circulation pump 18, and the fourth regulating valve 25 The outlet is connected with the inlet of deaerator 8.
本发明所述的高温气冷堆热电水三联供方法包括以下步骤：The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor combined heat, power and water supply method according to the present invention includes the following steps:
主氦风机3输送的一回路冷却剂进入反应堆1中吸收堆芯产生的热量后，再进入到蒸汽发生器2的一次侧与二次侧给水换热，然后再进入反应堆1中进行吸热，形成反应堆1循环回路；The primary loop coolant delivered by the main helium blower 3 enters the reactor 1 to absorb the heat generated by the core, then enters the primary and secondary sides of the steam generator 2 to exchange heat with water, and then enters the reactor 1 to absorb heat. Form a reactor 1 circulation loop;
给水泵4驱动除氧器8中给水进入蒸汽发生器2的二次侧中吸热后，产生的蒸汽依次进入汽轮机高中压缸5及汽轮机低压缸6做功，并驱动发电机7发电；汽轮机低压缸6的排汽进入凝汽器9中冷凝后，再由凝结水泵10输送至除氧器8，除氧器8的加热汽源来自汽轮机高中压缸5的抽汽，以形成二回路给水循环和发电回路；After the feed water in the deaerator 8 is driven by the feed water pump 4 and absorbs heat in the secondary side of the steam generator 2, the generated steam sequentially enters the steam turbine high and medium pressure cylinder 5 and the steam turbine low pressure cylinder 6 to perform work, and drives the generator 7 to generate electricity; the steam turbine low pressure After the exhaust steam from cylinder 6 enters the condenser 9 and is condensed, it is then transported to the deaerator 8 by the condensate pump 10. The heating steam source of the deaerator 8 comes from the extraction steam from the high and medium pressure cylinder 5 of the steam turbine to form a secondary water supply cycle. and power generation circuit;
海水储罐11中的海水经海水输送泵12输送至凝汽器9中吸收汽轮机低压缸6的排汽热量，进行初级加热后进入海水换热器14中吸收汽轮机高中压缸5的排汽热量，完成二级加热后进入真空蒸发器20中，利用海水在负压环境下沸点低的特点，蒸发液进入二级热网换热器19中与热网冷端供水换热后冷凝，形成的冷凝水进入淡水储罐22；真空蒸发器20中海水析出的结晶体排入固化物储罐21中，用于工业盐原材料，以形成海水淡化回路；The seawater in the seawater storage tank 11 is transported to the condenser 9 through the seawater transfer pump 12 to absorb the exhaust heat of the low-pressure cylinder 6 of the steam turbine. After primary heating, it enters the seawater heat exchanger 14 to absorb the exhaust heat of the high- and medium-pressure cylinder 5 of the steam turbine. , after completing the secondary heating, it enters the vacuum evaporator 20. Taking advantage of the low boiling point of seawater in a negative pressure environment, the evaporated liquid enters the secondary heating network heat exchanger 19 and condenses after exchanging heat with the water supply at the cold end of the heating network, forming The condensed water enters the fresh water storage tank 22; the crystals precipitated from seawater in the vacuum evaporator 20 are discharged into the solidification storage tank 21, and are used as raw materials for industrial salt to form a seawater desalination loop;
热网用户站17输出的热网冷端供水经热网循环泵18输送至二级热网换热器19中吸收海水蒸发液中的热量后，再进入一级热网换热器16中继续吸收汽轮机高中压缸5的排汽热量，热网热端供水输送至热网用户站17中，以形成供热回路。The cold end water supply of the heating network output by the heating network user station 17 is transported to the secondary heating network heat exchanger 19 through the heating network circulation pump 18 to absorb the heat in the seawater evaporation liquid, and then enters the primary heating network heat exchanger 16 to continue. The heat of the exhaust steam from the high and medium pressure cylinder 5 of the steam turbine is absorbed, and the water from the hot end of the heating network is delivered to the heating network user station 17 to form a heating circuit.
另外，本发明具体以下运行方式：In addition, the present invention specifically operates in the following manner:
1)当机组以发电模式为主，汽轮机高中压缸5的排汽主要用于发电，在满足发电机7电负荷达最大出力后，分配用于供热和海水淡化的汽轮机高中压缸5排汽总流量，再由第一调节阀13调节海水换热器14的换热需求量，由第二调节阀15调节一级热网换热器16的换热需求量；1) When the unit is mainly in power generation mode, the exhaust steam of the steam turbine high and medium pressure cylinder 5 is mainly used for power generation. After the electrical load of the generator 7 reaches the maximum output, the steam turbine row 5 of the high and medium pressure cylinder is allocated for heating and seawater desalination. The total steam flow is then adjusted by the first regulating valve 13 to adjust the heat exchange demand of the seawater heat exchanger 14, and the second regulating valve 15 is used to adjust the heat exchange demand of the primary heat network heat exchanger 16;
2)当机组以供热模式为主，汽轮机高中压缸5的排汽主要用于供热，由第二调节阀15调节一级热网换热器16达到最大换热量后，分配用于发电及海水淡化的汽轮机高中压缸5的排汽总流量，由第一调节阀13调节海水换热器14的换热需求量后，剩余汽轮机高中压缸5的排汽用于推动发电机7做功；2) When the unit is mainly in heating mode, the exhaust steam from the high and medium pressure cylinder 5 of the steam turbine is mainly used for heating. After the second regulating valve 15 adjusts the first-level heat network heat exchanger 16 to reach the maximum heat exchange rate, it is distributed for use. After the total exhaust steam flow of the high and medium pressure cylinder 5 of the steam turbine for power generation and seawater desalination is adjusted by the first regulating valve 13 to adjust the heat exchange demand of the seawater heat exchanger 14, the remaining exhaust steam of the high and medium pressure cylinder 5 of the steam turbine is used to drive the generator 7 acting;
3)当机组以海水淡化模式为主，汽轮机高中压缸5的排汽主要用于海水淡化，由第一调节阀13调节海水换热器14达到最大换热量后，分配用于发电和供热的汽轮机高中压缸5的排汽总流量，由第二调节阀15调节一级热网换热器16的换热需求量后，剩余汽轮机高中压缸5的排汽用于推动发电机7做功；3) When the unit is mainly in seawater desalination mode, the exhaust steam from the high and medium pressure cylinder 5 of the steam turbine is mainly used for seawater desalination. After the seawater heat exchanger 14 is adjusted by the first regulating valve 13 to reach the maximum heat exchange rate, it is distributed for power generation and supply. After the total exhaust steam flow of the hot turbine high and medium pressure cylinder 5 is adjusted by the second regulating valve 15 to adjust the heat exchange demand of the primary heat network heat exchanger 16, the remaining exhaust steam of the steam turbine high and medium pressure cylinder 5 is used to drive the generator 7 acting;
4)当夏季工况下，机组不需要对外供热时，第二调节阀15保持关闭状态，隔离供热回路；4) When the unit does not need to provide external heat under summer operating conditions, the second regulating valve 15 remains closed to isolate the heating circuit;
5)第三调节阀24及第四调节阀25用于补充机组运行过程中的给水平衡，具体过程为：当热网循环泵18的给水流量不能满足热网用户站17的用户需求时，启动淡水输送泵23并经第三调节阀24自动补充热网冷端给水流量满足需求；当凝结水泵10的流量不能满足除氧器8的给水需求时，启动淡水输送泵23并经第四调节阀25自动调节同时维持除氧器8水位稳定。5) The third regulating valve 24 and the fourth regulating valve 25 are used to supplement the water supply balance during the operation of the unit. The specific process is: when the water supply flow of the heating network circulation pump 18 cannot meet the user needs of the heating network user station 17, start The fresh water delivery pump 23 automatically supplements the cold end water supply flow of the heating network through the third regulating valve 24 to meet the demand; when the flow rate of the condensate pump 10 cannot meet the water supply demand of the deaerator 8, the fresh water delivery pump 23 is started and passes through the fourth regulating valve. 25 automatically adjusts while maintaining a stable water level in the deaerator 8.
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