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CN114542028B - System, method and coil pipe for extracting crude oil by simulated injection of high-pressure gas - Google Patents

System, method and coil pipe for extracting crude oil by simulated injection of high-pressure gas Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114542028B
CN114542028B CN202011342219.1A CN202011342219A CN114542028B CN 114542028 B CN114542028 B CN 114542028B CN 202011342219 A CN202011342219 A CN 202011342219A CN 114542028 B CN114542028 B CN 114542028B
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gas
pressure
air
valve
extraction
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CN114542028A (en
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盖平原
白艳丽
林吉生
于田田
何海峰
王善堂
蔡文斌
孙楠
冯海顺
殷方好
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Shengli Co
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Shengli Co
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/166—Injecting a gaseous medium; Injecting a gaseous medium and a liquid medium
    • E21B43/168—Injecting a gaseous medium
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/164—Injecting CO2 or carbonated water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B25/02—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of industrial processes; of machinery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

A system for simulating injection of high-pressure gas to extract crude oil comprises a high-pressure gas storage tank, a flowmeter, an air compressor, an extraction kettle, a separator and a confining pressure device; the confining pressure devices are respectively connected with the flowmeter, the extraction kettle and the separator; the extraction kettle is used for injecting gas to extract crude oil under the condition of simulating an oil reservoir; the separator separates the injection gas from the extract. The invention utilizes the devices such as the constant temperature box, the confining pressure device, the air compressor and the like in the simulation system and the corresponding operation method to simulate the temperature and the pressure of the oil deposit in the extraction kettle to form the simulated oil deposit, and simultaneously meets the temperature and the pressure conditions of simulated injection gas, not only comprises critical and supercritical states, but also can simulate the process of extracting crude oil by various injection gases including CO 2、N2, flue gas, hydrocarbon gas, air and the like.

Description

System, method and coil pipe for extracting crude oil by simulated injection of high-pressure gas
Technical Field
The invention relates to an indoor experimental system and method for petroleum exploitation process and a coil pipe used by the same, in particular to a system and method for extracting crude oil by simulated injection of high-pressure gas.
Background
The gas injection enhanced recovery technology is a technology which is higher than the water injection enhanced recovery in theory, and the development of gas injection flooding is very fast in recent years abroad, so that the gas injection enhanced recovery technology becomes the most important enhanced recovery method besides the thermal recovery; the gas injection technology comprises CO 2 flooding, N 2 flooding, flue gas flooding, hydrocarbon gas flooding, air flooding and the like; in the gas injection enhanced recovery process, the components and physical and chemical properties of crude oil are changed, and the properties mainly comprise saturation pressure, expansion coefficient, volume coefficient, gas-oil ratio, crude oil viscosity, density, four components (SARA) and the like; these changes bring adverse effects to crude oil recovery, such as thickening after gas injection of heavy oil reservoirs, poor fluidity, and further corresponding measures to perform process optimization; then measures can be taken to optimize the gas injection process only by analyzing the components and the physical and chemical property change conditions of the crude oil after gas injection; similar problems exist in the gas injection process during the same gas injection throughput; in order to solve the problem, a system and a method for extracting crude oil by simulating injection of high-pressure gas are needed, extraction residues (residual crude oil after extraction) and extracts (substances extracted from the original) are obtained by simulating the process of extracting crude oil by injecting gas into a reservoir, and an optimization basis is provided for adopting corresponding technological measures according to the component and physical and chemical property change of the crude oil in the next step.
Prior art patent document 1CN104046375B discloses a system and method for extracting crude oil from oil sand by supercritical CO 2; mainly comprises an extraction kettle, a preheater, a separator, a gas purifier, a buffer tank and an entrainer storage tank, wherein the periphery of the extraction kettle is provided with a microwave generator; aiming at the low solubility of the supercritical CO 2 to polar organic matters and high molecular weight organic matters, a third component, namely an entrainer, is added into the supercritical CO 2 to improve the solubility of high molecular matters; meanwhile, a microwave-assisted extraction method is adopted, and the characteristics of volatility, high frequency property, penetrability and the like of microwaves are utilized to carry out physical demulsification and heating on oil sand, so that the supercritical CO 2 extraction efficiency is improved.
Patent document 2CN102453494B discloses a method for ultrasonic reinforced supercritical extraction of oil sludge, wherein the oil sludge and an extractant enter a supercritical extraction device with a reinforced ultrasonic device, and supercritical extraction is performed by setting supercritical extraction pressure and supercritical extraction temperature.
The two patent documents are mainly used for separating crude oil from oil sludge sand, and the patent document 1CN104046375B adopts an orientation supercritical CO 2 to add entrainer to improve the solubility of high molecular substances, and adopts a microwave-assisted extraction method; the document CN102453494B uses a supercritical extraction unit with an enhanced ultrasound unit to extract crude oil; the extractant is carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, propane or ethylene and other low molecular alkanes and alkenes; both of which use ultrasonic or microwave devices, both ultrasonic and microwave devices, add to the cost of the system, while the methods described in both documents are suitable for larger scale field implementations and are not suitable for in-house research both from an economic and operational standpoint.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for extracting crude oil by simulated injection of high-pressure gas, wherein the injected gas mainly comprises CO 2、N2, flue gas, hydrocarbon gas, air and the like; the crude oil extraction process of the gas displacement reservoir is simulated, so that the components, viscosity and other physicochemical properties of the extracted crude oil are analyzed.
A crude oil extraction system for simulating injection of high-pressure gas comprises a high-pressure gas storage tank, a flowmeter, an air compressor, a pneumatic booster pump, a constant temperature box, a coil pipe, an extraction kettle, a separator, a confining pressure device, a purifier and a valve; the air storage tank is a high-pressure container for storing air, the pneumatic booster pump is used for increasing the air pressure in the running process of the system, and the air compressor provides an air source for the air booster pump; the number of the confining pressure devices is 4, and the confining pressure devices are respectively used for guaranteeing that the pressure of a flowmeter, an extraction kettle and a two-stage separator in the system is stable at a certain fixed pressure; the extraction kettle is a core device of the simulation system and is used for simulating the injection of gas under the oil reservoir condition to extract crude oil; the separator is used for separating the injected gas from the extract, and the invention is realized through two-stage separation of a separator I and a separator II; the purifier is used for removing gas generated in the extraction process of the injected gas, so that the injected gas flows back into the gas storage tank for recycling.
The extraction kettle is arranged in the constant temperature box, and the temperature and pressure of the oil reservoir are simulated through the constant temperature box and the confining pressure device; the coil pipe is arranged in the incubator, has the length of not less than 30m and is an air injection pipeline, and the purpose is to fully preheat the injected air in the incubator and connect the top and the bottom of the extraction kettle through a valve; the coil pipe entering the extraction kettle from the bottom is spirally coiled at the bottom of the extraction kettle, the entering end is sealed and fixed at the bottom through a clamping sleeve, and one end is fixed at the bottom of the extraction kettle through welding; the spiral coil pipe is regularly provided with air outlet holes, the aperture and the hole pitch are designed according to the distance from the air injection end, the aperture is smaller as the air injection end is closer, the hole pitch is larger, and conversely, the aperture is larger, the hole pitch is smaller, so that the purpose of uniform air injection in the air injection process is achieved; the spiral gas injection coil is coiled on the same plane and is 3-5mm away from the bottom of the kettle, so that the raw oil in the extraction kettle is fully contacted with the injected gas; the extraction kettle is provided with an oil drain port, and the extracted crude oil is discharged through a valve; the bottom of the extraction kettle is a concave surface, and the oil drain port is positioned at the lowest point of the concave surface, so that the extracted crude oil can be completely discharged.
The design of different pore diameters of the gas outlet holes of the bottom spiral gas injection coil is aimed at enabling the injected gas to be injected uniformly, so that the gas is fully contacted with the crude oil in the extraction kettle; the positions of the air outlet holes (positions of the air outlet holes on the coil pipe) and the diameters of the air outlet holes are designed within a certain range of inlet pressure difference, wherein the length and the diameter of the spiral air injection coil pipe are certain.
The method comprises the following steps of:
1. and (3) performing trial calculation according to the Bernoulli equation, and designing the size and the position of the air outlet.
2. Verification is then performed using COMSOL.
3. And adjusting the empirical parameter values in the Bernoulli equation, and further adjusting the pore size.
4. Verification check is then performed using COMSOL.
5. And the orifice is adjusted for 4-5 times, so that the flow of each outlet is basically consistent.
The invention can be realized by the following technical measures:
The method for simulating injection of gas to extract crude oil is realized by adopting the system and is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
Preparing in advance:
1. setting the temperature of the incubator as the simulated oil reservoir temperature to start preheating, and simultaneously confirming to close an oil discharge valve of the extraction kettle and an air inlet valve at the bottom of the kettle.
2. Adding an oil sample into the extraction kettle, weighing the total weight m 1, adding the total weight m 2 after oiling, and adding the mass m=m 1-m2 of the oil sample.
3. An air inlet valve at the top of the extraction kettle is opened, the pressure relief valve is closed.
4. The pressure P 1 of the confining pressure device II of the extraction kettle, the pressure P 2 of the confining pressure device III of the separator I, the pressure P 3 of the confining pressure device IV of the separator II and the pressure P 4 of the confining pressure device I of the gas flowmeter are set.
5. Opening an air inlet valve at the top of the separator I and closing a drain valve at the bottom of the separator I; and (3) opening an exhaust valve of the separator II and closing a drain valve at the bottom of the separator II.
6. Sequentially opening an air outlet valve, an air inlet valve and a driving air source valve of the pneumatic booster pump; the air compressor is started to supply air.
7. The valve of the high-pressure air storage tank is opened, the relief valve pressure P is adjusted.
The extraction process comprises the following steps:
1. After the extraction kettle reaches the pressure required by the simulated oil reservoir, closing an air compressor, an air outlet valve of a pneumatic booster pump and a high-pressure air storage tank;
2. After the system pressure reaches the simulated reservoir pressure and temperature, keeping constant temperature and constant pressure for t hours; and opening the incubator, closing an air inlet valve at the top of the extraction kettle, opening an air inlet valve at the bottom of the extraction kettle, and preparing to start a gas extraction experiment.
3. Opening an air compressor, an air outlet valve of a pneumatic booster pump and a high-pressure air storage tank, starting a gas extraction experiment, and recording the starting time t 1 and the instantaneous air quantity Q 1 of the experiment;
4. According to the formula Δq=m×k×n/1000 (k is the gas-oil ratio coefficient, m is the mass of the oil sample, N is the multiple of the introduced gas), Q 2＝Q1 +Δq, when the flowmeter reaches Q 2, the high-pressure gas tank, the air compression press, the gas pump-out valve are closed, the experimental reaction process is ended, and the end time t 2 is recorded.
5. Respectively opening a bottom valve drain valve of the separator II and a bottom valve drain valve of the separator I to connect an extraction product; finally, after the pressure is released to P, an oil discharge valve of a bottom valve of the extraction kettle is opened, and the oil sample after gas extraction is received.
6. After the injected gas and the extracted gas pass through the purifier, the extracted gas is absorbed, and the injected gas flows into the high-pressure gas storage tank.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. simulating the temperature and pressure of an oil reservoir and even extracting crude oil by gas under the thermal recovery condition (300 ℃ and 70 MPa) of thick oil;
2. creatively designing an extraction kettle structure to realize various analysis experiments on the extraction influence of crude oil and other fluids;
3. The system can simulate the process of extracting crude oil by various injected gases including CO 2、N2, flue gas, hydrocarbon gas, air and the like;
4. the system is provided with the purification device, and the gas for extraction can be recycled, so that the system is economical and environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for simulating injection of gas to extract crude oil;
the reference numerals are as follows: 1. a constant temperature box; 2. a coiled pipe; 3. an air compressor; 4. a confining pressure device I; 5. a gas flow meter; 6. a pressure reducing valve; 7. a high pressure gas storage tank; 8. a valve; 9. a top intake valve; 10. an air outlet valve; 11. an intake valve; 12. driving an air source valve; 13. a pneumatic booster pump; 14. a confining pressure device II; 15. an intake valve; 16. a confining pressure device IV; 17. a bottom intake valve; 18. a pressure release valve; 19. a separator I; 20. a purifier; 21. extracting kettle; 22. a separator II; 23. an exhaust valve; 24. a liquid discharge valve I; 25. a confining pressure device III; 26. a liquid discharge valve II; 27. an oil discharge valve.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of hole distribution of a spiral gas injection coil.
The reference numerals are as follows: 28. curvature radius of the air outlet hole of the spiral air injection coil; 29. punching positions of the spiral gas injection coil pipes; 30. an upstream section of the pipe section at the first perforation; 31. an inlet end.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Specific examples (one):
The preparation stage:
referring to fig. 1, the high-pressure air storage tank 7 stores enough air needed by the experiment before the experiment, the connection in the system is perfect, and the experiment is started:
1. The temperature of the incubator 1 was set to be the simulated reservoir temperature, preheating was started, and the oil discharge valve 27 of the extraction tank 21 and the air inlet valve 17 at the bottom of the tank were confirmed to be closed.
2. An oil sample was added to the extraction tank 21, the total weight m 1 was weighed, the total weight after refueling m 2, and the mass of the oil sample m=m 1-m2 was added.
3. Opening the top air inlet valve 11 of the extraction kettle 21 and closing the pressure release valve 18; the extraction kettle 21 adopts a spiral gas injection calandria, and the gas outlet holes of the spiral gas injection coil pipe need hole distribution design:
The number n and the positions of the holes are determined, and then the hole diameter is determined by determining the area of each hole by the following calculation.
A schematic diagram of the hole distribution of the spiral gas injection coil is shown in FIG. 2: 0 is a spiral gas injection coil inlet, the other end is sealed, 1,2, 3 and 4 … are holes of the spiral gas injection coil, and the number starts from the coil inlet; d 0/2 is the curvature radius of the inlet of the spiral gas injection coil, D 2/2 is the curvature radius of the second hole of the spiral gas injection coil, and the curvature radius of the spiral gas injection coil at different positions is changed continuously; 1 'is the upstream section of the pipe section at the first hole, and n' is the upstream section of the pipe section at the nth hole; thus, four holes divide the coil into 5 sections, namely 0-1',1' -2',2' -3',3' -4',4' -end.
Calculating the punching area:
S1, calculating the flow L n of each hole and the flow velocity v n' of each pipe section by using a fluid continuity equation;
L0＝L1+L2+L3+...+Ln(1-1)；
since the outlet flow rates are designed to be the same, the following are adopted:
other spool piece fluid flow rates and so on.
S2, calculating the fluid velocity v n of each outlet;
the bernoulli equation is used for the inlet and n outlets of the coil:
wherein,
hf0-1＝hf0-1'+hf1'-1(2-2)；
Wherein h f0-1' is the along-way resistance loss, and h f1'-1 is the local resistance loss at the outlet of the No. 1;
hf0-2＝hf0-1'+hf1'-2'+hf2'-2(2-3)；
Wherein h f0-1'+hf1'-2' is the resistance loss along the way of the 0-2' pipe section, and h f2'-2 is the local resistance loss at the outlet No. 2. h f0-3……hf0-n and so on.
The following is a calculation method of local resistance and on-way resistance loss.
A. local drag loss;
For a circular thin-wall air outlet hole, the local resistance coefficient ζ Hole(s) of the hole opening is approximately equal to 0.06, so that the local resistance loss is as follows:
h f3'-3……hfn'-n and so on.
B. A resistance calculation method along the way;
Critical reynolds number in helical piping given by Ito:
Wherein D i is the inner diameter of the pipeline, D is the curvature diameter of the coil, and the on-way resistance loss is as follows:
the empirical formula for calculating the laminar flow resistance coefficient of the spiral pipe given by Ito is as follows:
Wherein k and f s are respectively:
Because the curvature radius of the spiral gas injection coil pipe is continuously changed, the resistance loss of each pipe section along the way is as follows:
Other pipe section loss along the way and so on.
The partial resistance calculation formulas (2-4) (2-5) and the like and the on-way resistance calculation formulas (2-11) (2-12) and the like are brought into the Bernoulli equation (2-1), wherein only one unknown number exists in the formulas, namely the outlet flow velocity v n, and v 1-vn can be obtained in sequence.
S3, calculating the area of each orifice;
The flow velocity in the tube is v nd＝vn', the normal outflow velocity of the nth hole is v nj, and therefore the normal outflow velocity of the orifice is:
the orifice outflow flow is:
Ln＝fn·vnj(3-2)；
the available aperture area is:
Calculating the diameter of the nth hole through f n; in fig. 2, only 4 holes are marked, and the actual air outlet hole arrangement is arranged according to the diameter and the length of the spiral air injection coil.
4. The pressure of the confining pressure device II 14 of the extraction kettle 21, the pressure of the confining pressure device III 25 of the separator I19, the pressure of the confining pressure device IV 16 of the separator II 22 and the pressure of the confining pressure device I4 of the gas flowmeter 5 are set according to experimental requirements.
5. Opening the top air inlet valve 15 of the separator I19 and closing the bottom liquid discharge valve I24 of the separator I19; the exhaust valve 23 of the separator II 22 is opened and the bottom drain valve II 26 is closed.
6. Sequentially opening an air outlet valve 10, an air inlet valve 11 and a driving air source valve 12 of a pneumatic booster pump 13; the air compressor 3 is started to supply air.
7. The valve 8 of the high-pressure gas tank 7 is opened, and the pressure of the pressure reducing valve 6 is adjusted (the pressure should be lower than 3 MPa).
Extraction:
1. After the extraction kettle 21 reaches the pressure required by the simulated oil reservoir, closing the air compressor 3, the air outlet valve 10 of the pneumatic booster pump 13 and the high-pressure air storage tank 7;
2. After the system pressure reaches the simulated reservoir pressure and temperature, keeping constant temperature and constant pressure for t hours; opening the incubator 1, closing the top air inlet valve 11 of the extraction kettle 21, opening the bottom air inlet valve 17 of the extraction kettle 21, and preparing to start a gas extraction experiment;
3. The air compressor 3, the air outlet valve 10 of the pneumatic booster pump 13 and the high-pressure air storage tank 7 are opened, the air extraction experiment is started, and the time t 1 and the instantaneous air quantity Q 1 for starting the experiment are recorded.
4. According to the formula Δq=m×k×n/1000 (k is the gas-oil ratio coefficient, m is the mass of the oil sample, N is the multiple of the introduced gas), Q 2＝Q1 +Δq, when the flow meter reaches Q 2, the high-pressure gas tank 7, the air compression press 3, the gas outlet valve 10 of the gas booster pump 13 are closed, the experimental reaction process is ended, and the end time t 2 is recorded.
5. Respectively opening a drain valve II 26 and a drain valve I24 of the separator II 22 and the separator I19 to drain the extracted product; finally, after the pressure of the extraction kettle 21 is relieved to 3MPa, an oil discharge valve 27 at the bottom of the extraction kettle 21 is opened, and the oil sample after gas extraction is collected.
6. After the injection gas and the purge gas pass through the purifier 20, the purge gas is absorbed, and the injection gas flows into the high-pressure gas tank 7.
After the preparation phase is completed, the actual simulation program is entered.
Specific examples (two):
CO 2 is selected as injection gas, and as CO 2 is corrosive, the high-pressure gas storage tank 7 is filled with high-purity CO 2, three groups of oil samples of a certain block A1, A2 and A3 of a certain oil extraction factory are selected, the same oil reservoir temperature is simulated, and crude oil extraction experiments are carried out under different oil reservoir pressures CO 2:
1. Closing an oil discharge valve 27 of the extraction kettle 21, setting the temperature of the constant temperature box 1 at 60 ℃ by an air inlet valve 17 at the bottom of the kettle, and starting preheating; a1 oil sample m=m 1-m2 = 76.85g was added to the extraction tank 21.
2. Opening the top air inlet valve 11 of the extraction kettle 21 and closing the pressure release valve 18; the pressure of the confining pressure device II 14 of the extraction kettle 21 is set to be 10.0MPa, namely the simulated oil reservoir pressure, the pressure of the confining pressure device III 25 of the separator I19 is set to be 5.0MPa, the pressure of the confining pressure device IV 16 of the separator II 22 is set to be 1.0MPa, and the pressure of the confining pressure device I of the gas flowmeter 5 is set to be 1.0MPa.
3. Opening the top air inlet valve 15 of the separator I19 and closing the bottom oil outlet valve 24 thereof; opening the exhaust valve 23 of the separator II 22 and closing the bottom oil discharge valve 26 thereof; the high-pressure air outlet valve 10, the air inlet valve 11 and the driving air source valve 12 of the pneumatic booster pump 13 are sequentially opened; starting an air compressor 3 to supply air; the valve 8 of the high-pressure air storage tank 7 is opened, and the pressure of the pressure reducing valve 6 is adjusted to be 1.5MPa.
4. When the extraction kettle 21 reaches the simulated oil reservoir pressure of 10MPa, the air compressor 3, the air outlet valve 10 of the pneumatic booster pump 13 and the high-pressure air storage tank 7 are closed.
5. When the pressure and the temperature of the extraction kettle 21 are respectively stabilized at 10MPa and 60 ℃, the constant temperature and the constant pressure are kept for 2 hours; the incubator 1 was opened, the top inlet valve 11 of the extraction kettle 21 was closed, and then the bottom inlet valve 17 of the extraction kettle 21 was opened, in preparation for starting the gas extraction experiment.
6. The air compressor 3, the air outlet valve 15 of the pneumatic booster pump 13 and the high-pressure air storage tank 7 were opened, the air extraction experiment was started, and the time t 1 at which the experiment started and the instantaneous air quantity Q 1 =20sl were recorded.
7. When the flowmeter reaches Q 2 =q 2＝Q1 +Δq=154 SL, the high-pressure air tank 7, the air compression press 3, the air outlet valve 15 of the gas booster pump 13 are closed, the experimental reaction process is ended, and the end time t 2 is recorded.
8. Respectively opening a drain valve II 26 and a drain valve I24 of the separator II 22 and the separator I19 to drain the extracted product; finally, after the pressure of the extraction kettle 21 is relieved to 3MPa, an oil discharge valve of a bottom valve of the extraction kettle 21 is opened, and the oil sample after gas extraction is received and weighed to be 5.93g.
9. After the injection gas and the purge gas pass through the purifier 20, the purge gas is absorbed, and the injection gas flows into the high-pressure gas tank 7.
Repeating the experiment, wherein the temperature of the simulated oil reservoir is unchanged at 85 ℃, the pressure of the simulated oil reservoir is respectively set to be 15MPa, the mass of the selected oil sample A2 crude oil is 102.04g, the pressure of the simulated oil reservoir is 20MPa, the mass of the oil sample A3 crude oil is 80.85g, the experiment of extracting the crude oil by CO 2 is respectively carried out, and the amount of the crude oil after extraction is shown in the table I; according to the result of the experiment, the influence of the oil reservoir pressure of the experiment of extracting the crude oil by simulating CO 2 injection can be analyzed, the physical property and the component change of the crude oil after extraction are analyzed according to the obtained crude oil, and according to the analysis result, measures are taken and gas injection parameter process optimization is carried out.
Table one: experimental comparison of crude oil extracted by CO 2
Specific examples (iii):
CO 2 is selected as injection gas, a high-pressure gas storage tank 1 is filled with high-purity CO 2, a certain block of oil sample of a certain oil extraction plant is selected, the same reservoir pressure of 22.0Mpa is simulated, and crude oil extraction experiments are carried out by different reservoir temperatures CO 2:
1. closing an oil discharge valve 27 of the extraction kettle 21, setting the temperature of the constant temperature box 1 at 75 ℃ by an air inlet valve 17 at the bottom of the kettle, and starting preheating; a1 oil sample m=m 1-m2 =136.2 g was added to the extraction tank 21.
2. Opening the top air inlet valve 11 of the extraction kettle 21 and closing the pressure release valve 18; the pressure of the confining pressure device II 14 of the extraction kettle 21 is 22.0Mpa, namely the simulated oil reservoir pressure, the pressure of the confining pressure device III 25 of the separator I19 is 5.0Mpa, the pressure of the confining pressure device IV 16 of the separator II 22 is 1.0Mpa, and the pressure of the confining pressure device I of the gas flowmeter 5 is 1.0Mpa.
3. Opening the top air inlet valve 15 of the separator I19 and closing the bottom oil outlet valve 24 thereof; opening the exhaust valve 23 of the separator II 22 and closing the bottom oil discharge valve 26 thereof; the high-pressure air outlet valve 10, the air inlet valve 11 and the driving air source valve 12 of the pneumatic booster pump 13 are sequentially opened; starting an air compressor 3 to supply air; the valve 8 of the high-pressure air storage tank 7 is opened, and the pressure of the pressure reducing valve 6 is adjusted to be 1.5Mpa.
4. When the extraction kettle 21 reaches the simulated reservoir pressure of 22Mpa, the air compressor 3, the air outlet valve 10 of the pneumatic booster pump 13 and the high-pressure air storage tank 7 are closed.
5. When the pressure and the temperature of the extraction kettle 21 are respectively stabilized at 22Mpa and 75 ℃, the constant temperature and the constant pressure are kept for 2 hours; the incubator 1 was opened, the top inlet valve 11 of the extraction kettle 21 was closed, and then the bottom inlet valve 17 of the extraction kettle 21 was opened, in preparation for starting the gas extraction experiment.
6. The air compressor 3, the air outlet valve 15 of the pneumatic booster pump 13 and the high-pressure air storage tank 7 are opened, the air extraction experiment is started, and the time t 1 at which the experiment starts and the instantaneous air quantity Q 1 =15sl are recorded.
7. When the flow meter reached Q 2, where Q 2＝Q1 +Δq=340.5sl, the high-pressure air tank 7, the air compression press 3, the gas booster pump 13 and the gas outlet valve 15 were closed, the experimental reaction process was ended, and the end time t 2 was recorded.
8. Respectively opening a drain valve II 26 and a drain valve I24 of the separator II 22 and the separator I19 to drain the extracted product; finally, after the pressure is released to 3MPa, an oil discharge valve 27 at the bottom of the extraction kettle 21 is opened, and the oil sample after gas extraction is taken out and weighed to be 131.84g.
9. After the injection gas and the purge gas pass through the purifier 20, the purge gas is absorbed, and the injection gas flows into the high-pressure gas tank 7.
Repeating the experiment, simulating the unchanged pressure of the oil reservoir, wherein the temperature is 90 ℃ and 100 ℃, the mass of crude oil is 136.2g, and the mass of extracted oil is 126.05g and 123.8g after extraction; it is apparent that the temperature is relative to CO 2 the extracted crude oil has a great influence.
The system for simulating injection of gas to extract crude oil is not limited to the pressure and temperature of the oil deposit, and can simulate the process of extracting crude oil by CO 2 under different temperature and different oil deposit pressure conditions, which is not listed here.
Specific example (four):
N 2 is selected as injection gas, high-purity N 2 is stored in the high-pressure gas storage tank 1, crude oil of a certain block of a certain oil extraction factory is selected, and an experiment of extracting crude oil by using N 2 is simulated:
1. Closing an oil discharge valve 27 of the extraction kettle 21, setting the temperature of the constant temperature box 1 to 120 ℃ by an air inlet valve 17 at the bottom of the kettle, and starting preheating; 66.5g of crude oil was added to extraction tank 21.
2. Opening the top air inlet valve 11 of the extraction kettle 21 and closing the pressure release valve 18; the pressure of the confining pressure device II 14 of the extraction kettle 21 is 45.0Mpa, namely the simulated oil reservoir pressure, the pressure of the confining pressure device III 25 of the separator I19 is 5.0Mpa, the pressure of the confining pressure device IV 16 of the separator II 22 is 1.0Mpa, and the pressure of the confining pressure device I of the gas flowmeter 5 is 1.0Mpa.
3. Opening the top air inlet valve 15 of the separator I19 and closing the bottom oil outlet valve 24 thereof; opening the exhaust valve 23 of the separator II 22 and closing the bottom oil discharge valve 26 thereof; the high-pressure air outlet valve 10, the air inlet valve 11 and the driving air source valve 12 of the pneumatic booster pump 13 are sequentially opened; starting an air compressor 3 to supply air; the valve 8 of the high-pressure air storage tank 7 is opened, and the pressure of the pressure reducing valve 6 is adjusted to be 1.5Mpa.
4. When the extraction kettle 21 reaches the simulated oil reservoir pressure of 45.0Mpa, the air compressor 3, the air outlet valve 10 of the pneumatic booster pump 13 and the high-pressure air storage tank 7 are closed.
5. When the pressure and the temperature of the extraction kettle 21 are respectively stabilized at 45.0Mpa and 120 ℃, the constant temperature and the constant pressure are kept for 3 hours; the incubator 1 was opened, the top inlet valve 11 of the extraction kettle 21 was closed, and then the bottom inlet valve 17 of the extraction kettle 21 was opened, in preparation for starting the gas extraction experiment.
6. The air compressor 3, the air outlet valve 15 of the pneumatic booster pump 13 and the high-pressure air storage tank 7 are opened, the air extraction experiment is started, and the time t 1 at which the experiment starts and the instantaneous air quantity Q 1 =18sl are recorded.
7. When the flowmeter reaches Q 2 =q 2＝Q1 +Δq= 60.87SL, the high-pressure air tank 7, the air compression press 3, the air outlet valve 15 of the gas booster pump 13 are closed, the experimental reaction process is ended, and the end time t 2 is recorded.
8. Respectively opening a drain valve II 26 and a drain valve I24 of the separator II 22 and the separator I19 to drain the extracted product; finally, after the pressure is released to 3MPa, an oil discharge valve 27 at the bottom of the extraction kettle 21 is opened, and the oil sample after gas extraction is taken out and weighed to be 66.48g.
9. After the injection gas and the purge gas pass through the purifier 20, the purge gas is absorbed, and the injection gas flows into the high-pressure gas tank 7.
The simulated oil reservoir temperature is 120 ℃ and the pressure is 45MPa, 68.51g of oil samples are selected, the experiment is repeated, and the gas injection quantity is changed in the single experiment process, namely Q 2＝Q1 +DeltaQ= 104.48SL, so that the crude oil quantity after crude oil extraction is 68.43g.
The simulated oil reservoir temperature is 120 ℃ and the pressure is 45MPa, 75.70g of oil sample is selected, the experiment is repeated, and the gas injection quantity is changed in the single experiment process, namely Q 2＝Q1 +DeltaQ= 230.88SL, so that the crude oil quantity after crude oil extraction is 75.58g.
The system for simulating injection of gas to extract crude oil is not limited to the pressure and temperature of the oil deposit, and can simulate the process of extracting crude oil by N 2 under different temperature and different oil deposit pressure conditions, which is not listed here.
The simulated injection gas is not limited to CO 2、N2 in the example, and gas that can be used for recovery technology can be used.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. A coil in a system for simulating injection of high pressure gas to extract crude oil, comprising: the coil pipe is of a spiral structure; the port of the outer ring of the spiral gas injection coil is an inlet, and the other end is sealed;
The coil pipe comprises air outlet holes, and the air outlet holes are designed through hole distribution; the number of the air outlet holes is n, D n/2 is the curvature radius of the nth hole of the spiral air injection coil, the curvature radius of the spiral air injection coil of the air outlet holes at different positions is continuously changed, 1' is the upstream section of the pipe section at the 1 st air outlet hole, n ' is the upstream section of the pipe section of the nth air outlet hole, 0-1' is the 1 st pipe section, and n-1' -n ' is the nth pipe section;
the hole distribution design comprises the following steps:
S1, calculating the flow L n of each air outlet hole and the flow velocity v n' of each pipe section by using a fluid continuity equation;
L0＝L1+L2+L3+...+Ln(1-1)；
The flow rate of each air outlet hole is the same;
the flow rate of other pipe sections is analogized with (1-3);
s2, calculating the fluid speed v n of each air outlet hole;
the bernoulli equation is used for the inlet and n outlet holes of the coil:
wherein,
hf0-1＝hf0-1'+hf1'-1(2-2)；
Wherein h f0-1' is the along-way resistance loss, and h f1'-1 is the local resistance loss at the position of the No.1 air outlet;
hf0-2＝hf0-1'+hf1'-2'+hf2'-2(2-3)；
wherein h f0-1'+hf1'-2' is the resistance loss along the way of the 0-2' pipe section, and h f2'-2 is the local resistance loss at the position of the No. 2 air outlet; h f0-3……hf0-n is analogized with the formulas (2-2), (2-3);
the local drag loss is:
Wherein ζ Hole(s) is the local resistance coefficient of the air outlet orifice;
h f3'-3……hfn'-n is analogized with the formulas (2-4), (2-5);
The following resistance calculation method comprises the following steps:
Critical reynolds number in helical piping:
Wherein D i is the inner diameter of the pipeline, D is the curvature diameter of the coil, and the on-way resistance loss is as follows:
The calculation empirical formula of the laminar flow resistance coefficient of the spiral pipeline:
Wherein k and f s are respectively:
Because the curvature radius of the spiral gas injection coil pipe is continuously changed, the resistance loss of each pipe section along the way is as follows:
The other pipe section loss is analogized by formulas (2-11), (2-12);
bringing the partial resistance calculation formulas (2-4) (2-5) and the like and the on-way resistance calculation formulas (2-11) (2-12) and the like into the Bernoulli equation (2-1), wherein only one unknown number exists in the formulas, namely the flow velocity v n of the air outlet holes, and v 1-vn can be obtained in sequence;
S3, calculating the area of each air outlet orifice:
the flow velocity of the fluid in the tube is v nd＝vn', the normal outflow velocity of the nth air outlet hole is v nj, and therefore the normal outflow velocity of the air outlet hole is:
The outflow flow rate of the air outlet orifice is as follows:
Ln＝fn·vnj(3-2)；
the area of the outlet of the air outlet is as follows:
And calculating the diameter of the nth air outlet hole through f n.
2. A system for extracting crude oil by simulating injection of high-pressure gas is characterized in that: comprises a high-pressure air storage tank, a flowmeter, an air compressor, an extraction kettle, a separator and a confining pressure device; the confining pressure devices are respectively connected with the flowmeter, the extraction kettle and the separator; the extraction kettle is used for extracting crude oil by injecting gas under the condition of simulating an oil reservoir; the separator separates the injected gas from the extract;
Further comprising the coil of claim 1, said coil being connected to an extraction tank.
3. A system for simulated injection of high pressure gas to extract crude oil as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the separator comprises two stages of a separator I and a separator II.
4. A system for simulated injection of high pressure gas to extract crude oil as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the device also comprises a purifier which is used for removing the gas generated in the extraction process, so that the gas flows back into the gas storage tank for recycling.
5. A system for simulated injection of high pressure gas to extract crude oil as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the air compressor is connected with a pneumatic booster pump.
6. A system for simulated injection of high pressure gas to extract crude oil as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the length of the coil pipe is not less than 30m.
7. A system for simulated injection of high pressure gas to extract crude oil as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the bottom of the extraction kettle is a concave surface, and an oil drain port is arranged at the lowest point of the concave surface.
8. A method of operating a system for simulated injection of high pressure gas to extract crude oil as claimed in any of claims 2-7, wherein:
Comprising a preparation process and an extraction process, wherein,
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) Setting the temperature of the incubator as the simulated oil reservoir temperature to start preheating, and simultaneously confirming to close an oil discharge valve of the extraction kettle and an air inlet valve at the bottom of the kettle;
(2) Adding an oil sample into the extraction kettle, weighing the total weight m 1, adding the total weight m 2 after oiling, and adding the mass m=m 1-m2 of the oil sample;
(3) Opening an air inlet valve at the top of the extraction kettle, and closing a pressure release valve;
(4) Setting the pressure P 1 of the confining pressure device II of the extraction kettle, the pressure P 2 of the confining pressure device III of the separator I, the pressure P 3 of the confining pressure device IV of the separator II and the pressure P 4 of the confining pressure device I of the gas flowmeter;
(5) Opening an air inlet valve at the top of the separator I, and closing a drain valve at the bottom of the separator I; opening an exhaust valve of the separator II and closing a drain valve at the bottom of the separator II;
(6) Sequentially opening a high-pressure air outlet valve, an air inlet valve and a driving air source valve of the pneumatic booster pump; starting an air compressor to supply air;
(7) Opening the valve of the high-pressure air storage tank, adjusting the pressure P of the pressure reducing valve,
The extraction process comprises the following steps:
(1) After the extraction kettle reaches the pressure required by the simulated oil reservoir, closing an air compressor, an air outlet valve of a pneumatic booster pump and a high-pressure air storage tank;
(2) After the system pressure reaches the simulated reservoir pressure and temperature, keeping constant temperature and constant pressure for t hours; opening a constant temperature box, closing an air inlet valve at the top of the extraction kettle, opening an air inlet valve at the bottom of the extraction kettle, and preparing to start a gas extraction experiment;
(3) Opening an air compressor, an air outlet valve of a pneumatic booster pump and a high-pressure air storage tank, starting a gas extraction experiment, and recording the starting time t 1 and the instantaneous air quantity Q 1 of the experiment;
(4) According to the formula delta Q=m×k×N/1000 (k is the gas-oil ratio coefficient, m is the mass of the oil sample, N is the multiple of the introduced gas), Q 2＝Q1 +DeltaQ, when the flowmeter reaches Q 2, the high-pressure gas storage tank, the air compression press and the gas increasing pump outlet valve are closed, the experimental reaction process is ended, and the ending time t 2 is recorded;
(5) Respectively opening bottom valves of the separator II and the separator I to connect out an extraction product; finally, after the extraction and pressure relief are carried out to P, a bottom valve of the extraction kettle is opened, and an oil sample after gas extraction is received;
(6) After the injected gas and the extracted gas pass through the purifier, the extracted gas is absorbed, and the injected gas flows into the high-pressure gas storage tank.
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