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CN114535596A - Mixed powder for 3D printing and 3D printing method - Google Patents

Mixed powder for 3D printing and 3D printing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114535596A
CN114535596A CN202210234952.4A CN202210234952A CN114535596A CN 114535596 A CN114535596 A CN 114535596A CN 202210234952 A CN202210234952 A CN 202210234952A CN 114535596 A CN114535596 A CN 114535596A
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powder
printing
temperature
printed
sintering
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CN114535596B (en
Inventor
梁旭浩
孟晓燕
邓欣
刘金洋
屈志
金枫
闫国栋
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Guangdong Fenghua Zhuoli Technology Co ltd
Sichuan Zhuohua Additive Manufacturing Co ltd
Guangdong Metalware 3d Technology Co ltd
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Guangdong Fenghua Zhuoli Technology Co ltd
Sichuan Zhuohua Additive Manufacturing Co ltd
Guangdong Metalware 3d Technology Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
    • B22F10/14—Formation of a green body by jetting of binder onto a bed of metal powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/62—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by chemical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
    • B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a mixed powder for 3D printing and a 3D printing method, wherein the mixed powder for 3D printing comprises a coarse powder and a fine powder, the particle size of the coarse powder is 15-43 mu m, the particle size of the fine powder is 5-7 mu m, the volume ratio of the coarse powder to the fine powder is 8: 1-11: 1, the coarse powder is at least one selected from metal powder, and the coarse powder is spherical powder. According to the invention, the fine powder is used for filling the pore parts among the coarse powder particles, so that the roughness of the surface of the powder layer is reduced, and the powder laying quality of the 3D printing powder is effectively improved, therefore, the powder has better powder stability; the mixed powder has very high bulk density on a powder bed, so that higher density of a printed green body is obtained, and the final sintering density and mechanical property of a printed part are obviously improved.

Description

Mixed powder for 3D printing and 3D printing method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal 3D printing, in particular to mixed powder for 3D printing and a 3D printing method.
Background
Binder jet printing, also known as the 3DP technique (Three dimensional printing), was an additive manufacturing technique developed by the institute of technology, massachusetts, in the early 90 s of the 20 th century. The 3DP technology is to selectively spray a binder on a powder bed according to the slice profile of a three-dimensional model, so that the binder permeates into powder layer by layer to form a green part, and then to prepare a final target part after curing, powder removal, degreasing and sintering. And the model processing software matched with the 3D printer slices the given three-dimensional model file into a two-dimensional profile file corresponding to the set layer thickness value, and the two-dimensional profile file is used as the instruction input of the printer. In the 3D printing process, a thin layer of powder is spread on a powder bed by a powder spreading hopper, a binder is sprayed by a binder sprayer at a position corresponding to the powder bed according to two-dimensional profile file instruction information, and then the binder in the area is pre-cured by a drying lamp, so that a first layer of printing entity is constructed. After the first layer of printing work is finished, the printer system controls the powder bed bottom plate to descend according to the layer thickness set value, the powder spreading hopper spreads a new layer of powder on the powder bed, and the previous same binder spraying and pre-curing work is repeated until the green part printing work is finished.
In the 3DP powder laying process, the powder shape and particle size are the main influencing factors of the powder laying quality. At present, spherical powder with the coarse particle size (larger than 10 mu m) is an ideal 3DP powder laying raw material. When spherical powder with the coarse particle size (larger than 10 mu m) is used for powder paving, the powder has good fluidity and good powder paving effect, but larger pore spaces are easily formed among coarse particles, so that the sintering performance is influenced, and the density of a final sintered part is obviously reduced. The adoption of spherical powder (smaller than 10 μm) with smaller grain diameter is beneficial to improving the sintering performance and final density of the powder, but the flowability of the fine powder is poorer, and the powder paving effect is poorer; meanwhile, fine powder is easy to agglomerate in a room temperature environment, fine powder particles are stacked to form larger irregular-shaped particles, and larger pores are easy to form in the powder spreading process, so that the loose density of powder in a powder bed is influenced, and the density and the mechanical property of a sintered part are further influenced. Meanwhile, when 3D printing is carried out, powder on the powder bed and the binder have a mutual contact process, if the powder bed is low in powder laying quality, pores on the surface of the powder bed are more, and the powder particle rearrangement phenomenon is easy to occur, so that more disordered and irregularly distributed pore spaces are generated among powder particles, and serious printing defects are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a mixed powder for 3D printing, which can ensure the flowability of the powder, improve the apparent density of the powder and reduce the pores and roughness on the surface of the powder layer, thereby effectively improving the powder laying quality of the 3D printing powder.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the mixed powder for 3D printing comprises coarse powder and fine powder, wherein the particle size of the coarse powder is 15-43 mu m, the particle size of the fine powder is 5-7 mu m, the volume ratio of the coarse powder to the fine powder is 8: 1-11: 1, the coarse powder is at least one of metal powder, the coarse powder is spherical powder, and the fine powder is at least one of metal powder or ceramic powder.
Mixing the coarse powder (with the grain diameter of 15-43 mu m) and the fine powder (with the grain diameter of 5-7 mu m) according to a certain volume ratio to form mixed powder, wherein the fine powder particles can fill the pore parts among the coarse powder particles to provide the apparent density; meanwhile, fine powder particles are easily attached to the surface of the coarse powder, the fine powder is indirectly driven to flow by utilizing the good flowability of the coarse powder, and the fine powder is well diffused and flows on the powder bed, so that the powder paving effect of the fine powder is improved, the pores and the roughness of the surface of the powder layer are reduced, the powder paving quality of the 3D printing powder is improved, the stacking density of the powder is further improved, and the higher density of a printing green body is obtained.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the coarse powder to the fine powder is 9: 1-10: 1; further preferably, the volume ratio of the coarse powder to the fine powder is 9: 1.
The particle size of the coarse powder, the particle size of the fine powder, and the volume ratio of the coarse powder to the fine powder are important factors affecting the powder laying quality and the powder bulk density.
Under the conditions of the coarse powder and the fine powder, the volume ratio of the coarse powder to the fine powder exceeds 11, the roughness of the surface layer of the powder and the pores on the surface of the powder layer are increased, the powder laying quality is reduced, and meanwhile, the bulk density of the powder is reduced, so that the final sintering density is obviously reduced; the volume ratio of the coarse powder to the fine powder is lower than 8, so that the fine powder cannot be effectively attached to the surface of the coarse powder, the fine powder has poor fluidity and is easy to agglomerate, the powder paving quality is seriously influenced, and the effect of filling gaps among coarse powder particles cannot be achieved.
The fine powder may be spherical or spheroidal powder, or may be non-spherical powder, and preferably, the fine powder is spherical or spheroidal powder.
Preferably, the metal powder comprises Fe-based, Al-based, Mg-based, Cu-based, Ti-based and Ni-based powder, and the ceramic powder comprises oxide ceramic, carbide ceramic, nitride ceramic and boride ceramic powder.
More preferably, the Fe-based powder includes, but is not limited to, stainless steel powder such as 022Cr17Ni12Mo2, 06Cr19Ni10, and the like; the oxide ceramic is alumina or zirconia ceramic.
The invention also provides a 3D printing method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, providing raw materials for the mixed powder for 3D printing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix;
s2, powder paving, binder spraying and printing, heat curing, degreasing and sintering are carried out on the premix obtained in the step S1, and a 3D printing-sintering piece is obtained.
Preferably, the powder spreading process comprises the following steps: the blanking intensity is 60-80%, and the scraper speed is 60-80 mm/min; the printing process comprises the following steps: the thickness of the powder layer is 20-200 μm, the saturation of the adhesive is 50-90%, and the temperature of the powder bed is room temperature-180 ℃.
Specifically, the blanking strength can be 60%, 70% or 80%; the scraper speed can be 60mm/min, 70mm/min and 80 mm/min; specifically, the thickness of the powder layer can be 20-70 μm, 70-120 μm and 120-200 μm; specifically, the binder saturation may be 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%; specifically, the powder bed temperature can be room temperature, 40 deg.C, 50 deg.C, 60 deg.C, 70 deg.C, 80 deg.C, 90 deg.C, 100 deg.C, 110 deg.C, 120 deg.C, 130 deg.C, 140 deg.C, 150 deg.C, 160 deg.C, 170 deg.C, 180 deg.C.
Preferably, the curing process is as follows: the curing temperature is 150-200 ℃, and the curing time is 1-48 h. Specifically, the curing temperature may be 150 ℃, 160 ℃, 170 ℃, 180 ℃, 190 ℃, 200 ℃; the curing time is more preferably 3 to 36 hours, and the curing time is more preferably 8 to 10 hours.
Preferably, the degreasing process is as follows: the heating rate is 2 ℃/min to 5 ℃/min, the degreasing temperature is 300 to 600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10min to 120min, and protective gas is injected in the degreasing process. More preferably, the degreasing temperature is 400-600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 60-120 min.
Preferably, the sintering process is as follows: the heating rate is 2 ℃/min to 8 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 50 ℃ to 250 ℃ below the melting point of the used coarse powder material, the heat preservation time is 10min to 180min, and the sintering process is carried out in protective gas or vacuum; the metal melting point includes a metal alloy melting point.
The protective gas is argon, hydrogen or nitrogen, the pressure is 0.1-40.2 MPa, and the flow is 0.5-1L/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the coarse powder and the fine powder are mixed according to a certain proportion to form mixed powder, the fine powder is used for filling the pore parts among the coarse powder particles, the pores and the roughness of the surface of the powder layer are reduced, the powder paving quality of the 3D printing powder is effectively improved, the stacking density of the powder is further improved, and the higher density of a printing green body is obtained; meanwhile, the fine powder particles are easy to attach to the surfaces of the coarse powder particles, and the fine powder particles are indirectly driven to flow by virtue of the good fluidity of the coarse powder particles, so that the fine powder particles are well fluidized and diffused on a powder bed, and the powder paving effect of the fine powder is improved.
The coarse powder (with the particle size of 15-43 mu m) and the fine powder (with the particle size of 5-7 mu m) are mixed according to the volume ratio of 8-11: 1, and under the interaction of the coarse powder and the fine powder, through an optimized 3D printing process, the final density of the prepared 3D printing-sintering part reaches 98 percent, and the Vickers hardness (kg/mm) reaches 98 percent2) Up to 212.
Detailed Description
The invention provides mixed powder for 3D printing, which comprises coarse powder and fine powder, wherein the particle size of the coarse powder is 15-43 mu m, the particle size of the fine powder is 5-7 mu m, and the volume ratio of the coarse powder to the fine powder is 8: 1-11: 1. The coarse powder is at least one selected from metal powder, the fine powder is at least one selected from metal or ceramic powder, the coarse powder is spherical powder, and the fine powder is spherical or quasi-spherical powder or non-spherical powder.
The metal powder comprises Fe-based, Al-based, Mg-based, Cu-based, Ti-based and Ni-based powder, wherein the Fe-based powder comprises but is not limited to stainless steel powder such as 022Cr17Ni12Mo2, 06Cr19Ni10 and the like; the ceramic powder comprises oxide ceramic, carbide ceramic, nitride ceramic and boride ceramic powder.
The invention also provides a 3D printing method, which comprises the following steps:
A) providing a material; the material comprises coarse powder and fine powder;
in the invention, the particle size of the coarse powder in the step A) is 15-43 μm, the particle size of the fine powder is 5-7 μm, the coarse powder is selected from at least one of metal powder, the fine powder is selected from at least one of metal or ceramic powder, the coarse powder is spherical powder, and the fine powder is spherical or quasi-spherical powder, or non-spherical powder; the source and specific manufacturing process of the above-mentioned metals (including metal alloys), ceramic materials are not limited in the present invention, and may be commercially available or well known to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, the material in step a) includes, but is not limited to, Fe-based, Al-based, Cu-based, Ni-based, Mg-based, Ti-based, and ceramic powder, and the Fe-based powder includes various stainless steel powders, specifically 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 (also called 316L stainless steel) or 06Cr19Ni10 (also called 304 stainless steel). The 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 alloy comprises, by mass, 67-70% of Fe, 19-20% of Cr, 11-13% of Ni and 2-3% of Mo. The ceramic powder comprises oxide ceramic, carbide ceramic, nitride ceramic, boride ceramic and the like; the oxide ceramic is alumina or zirconia ceramic.
B) Preparing graded powder;
in the invention, the graded powder in the step B) is prepared by mixing fine powder (5-7 μm) and coarse powder (15-43 μm) of two metal and ceramic spherical powders with different particle diameters according to the volume ratio of the coarse powder to the fine powder of 8: 1 to 11: 1, wherein the powder mixing speed is 200-240 rpm; and mixing the powder for 1-3 h at room temperature.
C) Preparing a printed product;
in the invention, the printed material in the step C) is prepared by carrying out binder jet printing on the mixed graded powder, and then carrying out thermosetting treatment on the printed material. Wherein the powder spreading layer during printing is 20-200 mu m thick, the saturation of the binder is 50-90%, and the temperature of the powder bed is room temperature-180 ℃; the curing temperature during the thermal curing is 150-200 ℃, and the curing time is 1-48 h. The binder can be a polymer solution binder, and preferably, the binder is a water-soluble polymer binder, including water-soluble binders such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylamine, starch, and the like.
D) Degreasing a printed product;
in the invention, the printed material degreasing in the step D) is to carry out degreasing treatment on the thermally cured printed material, wherein in the degreasing process, the temperature rise rate ranges from 2 ℃/min to 5 ℃/min, the degreasing temperature ranges from 300 ℃ to 600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10-120 min, and the degreasing is carried out in protective gas.
E) Sintering the degreased part;
in the invention, the sintering of the degreased part in the step E) is to perform solid-phase sintering treatment on the degreased printed part, wherein the temperature rise rate in the sintering process is 2-8 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 50-250 ℃ below the melting point of the used coarse powder material, the heat preservation time is 10-180 min, and the sintering is performed in protective gas or vacuum. The metal melting point includes a metal alloy melting point.
F)3D printing-sintered part performance characterization;
in the invention, the 3D printing-sintering part performance in the step F) is characterized in that the sintering part is subjected to a density test and a hardness test, and a Vickers hardness method is used in the hardness test. The mixed powder used was tested for bulk density prior to 3D printing. The specific test method is as follows:
the loose packed density test method comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the mixed powder in a drying oven for drying for 2h, and testing according to the national standard GB 1479-84 by using a Hall flow meter.
The density method comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out density measurement on the sintered part by using an Archimedes drainage method, wherein the sintered part needs to be subjected to water bath treatment in the density test, the water bath temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the water bath time is 0.5-2.5 h.
Vickers hardness test method: cutting the sample piece by using a cutting machine, polishing the cut section by using a metallographic polishing machine, wiping the polished surface, placing on a Vickers hardness tester, and testing by adopting the national standard GB/T4340.1-2009.
And selecting a formula design of the mixed powder for 3D printing according to the performance characterization condition of the sintered part.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples and comparative examples.
Example 1
Mixing 5-7 mu m 316L stainless steel spherical powder and 15-43 mu m 316L stainless steel spherical powder at the rotating speed of 240rpm for 1.5h, drying and mixing the mixed powder at room temperature in a volume ratio of 9: 1 to obtain the graded spherical or quasi-spherical powder with the ratio of 9: 1.
a) 3D printing is carried out on the graded powder, the blanking intensity is 80 percent, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder layer thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70 percent, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) And (3) degreasing the printed piece, injecting 4MPa argon gas into the printed piece in the degreasing process, keeping the temperature for 60min at the maximum degreasing temperature of 600 ℃, and thus obtaining the printed-degreased piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, and keeping the temperature for 30min at the highest sintering temperature of 1370 ℃ to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Example 2
Mixing 5-7 mu m 316L stainless steel spherical powder and 15-43 mu m 316L stainless steel spherical powder at the rotating speed of 240rpm for 1.5h, drying and mixing the mixed powder at room temperature in a volume ratio of 10: 1 to obtain the graded spherical or quasi-spherical powder corresponding to the ratio of 10: 1.
a) 3D printing is carried out on the graded powder, the blanking intensity is 80 percent, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder layer thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70 percent, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) And (3) degreasing the printed piece, injecting 4MPa argon gas into the printed piece in the degreasing process, keeping the temperature for 60min at the maximum degreasing temperature of 600 ℃, and thus obtaining the printed-degreased piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, and keeping the temperature for 30min at the highest sintering temperature of 1370 ℃ to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Example 3
Mixing 5-7 mu m 316L stainless steel spherical powder and 15-43 mu m 316L stainless steel spherical powder at the rotating speed of 240rpm for 1.5h, drying and mixing the mixed powder at room temperature in a volume ratio of 11: 1 to obtain the graded spherical or quasi-spherical powder corresponding to the ratio of 11: 1.
a) 3D printing is carried out on the graded powder, the blanking intensity is 80 percent, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder layer thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70 percent, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) And (3) degreasing the printed piece, injecting 4MPa argon gas into the printed piece in the degreasing process, keeping the temperature for 60min at the maximum degreasing temperature of 600 ℃, and thus obtaining the printed-degreased piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, keeping the sintering temperature at 1370 ℃ for 30min to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Comparative example 1
Mixing 5-7 mu m 316L stainless steel spherical powder and 15-43 mu m 316L stainless steel spherical powder at the rotating speed of 240rpm for 1.5h, drying and mixing the mixed powder at room temperature in a volume ratio of 8: 1 to obtain the graded spherical or quasi-spherical powder with the volume ratio of 8: 1.
a) 3D printing is carried out on the graded powder, the blanking intensity is 80 percent, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder layer thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70 percent, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) And (3) degreasing the printed piece, injecting 4MPa argon gas into the printed piece in the degreasing process, keeping the temperature for 60min at the maximum degreasing temperature of 600 ℃, and thus obtaining the printed-degreased piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, and keeping the temperature for 30min at the highest sintering temperature of 1370 ℃ to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Comparative example 2
Mixing 5-7 mu m 316L stainless steel spherical powder and 15-43 mu m 316L stainless steel spherical powder at the rotating speed of 240rpm for 1.5h, drying and mixing the mixed powder at room temperature in a volume ratio of 12: 1 to obtain the graded spherical or quasi-spherical powder with the corresponding ratio of 12: 1.
a) 3D printing is carried out on the graded powder, the blanking intensity is 80 percent, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder layer thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70 percent, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃ in the printing process. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) And (3) degreasing the printed piece, injecting 4MPa argon gas into the printed piece in the degreasing process, keeping the temperature for 60min at the maximum degreasing temperature of 600 ℃, and thus obtaining the printed-degreased piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, and keeping the temperature for 30min at the highest sintering temperature of 1370 ℃ to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Comparative example 3
a) Carrying out 3D printing on 316L stainless steel spherical powder (coarse powder) with the particle size of 15-43 mu m
In the process, the blanking strength is 80 percent, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder layer spreading thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70 percent, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) And (3) degreasing the printed piece, injecting 4MPa argon gas into the printed piece in the degreasing process, keeping the temperature for 60min at the maximum degreasing temperature of 600 ℃, and thus obtaining the printed-degreased piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, keeping the sintering temperature at 1370 ℃ for 30min to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Example 4
Mixing 5-7 mu m AlSi10Mg alloy spherical powder and 15-43 mu m AlSi10Mg alloy spherical powder at the rotating speed of 240rpm for 1.5h, drying and mixing the mixed powder at room temperature, wherein the volume ratio of the mixed powder to the powder is 9: 1, and obtaining the graded spherical or spheroidal powder corresponding to the ratio of 9: 1.
a) 3D printing is carried out on the graded powder, the blanking intensity is 80 percent, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder layer thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70 percent, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) And (3) degreasing the printed piece, injecting 4MPa argon gas into the printed piece in the degreasing process, keeping the degreasing temperature at the highest temperature of 400 ℃ for 60min, and thus obtaining the printed-degreased piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, and keeping the temperature for 30min at the highest sintering temperature of 520 ℃ to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Example 5
Mixing 5-7 mu m AlSi10Mg alloy spherical powder and 15-43 mu m AlSi10Mg alloy spherical powder at the rotating speed of 240rpm for 1.5h, drying and mixing the mixed powder at room temperature at the volume ratio of 10: 1 to obtain the graded spherical or quasi-spherical powder corresponding to the ratio of 10: 1.
a) 3D printing is carried out on the graded powder, the blanking intensity is 80 percent, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder layer thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70 percent, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) And (3) degreasing the printed piece, injecting 4MPa argon gas into the printed piece in the degreasing process, keeping the degreasing temperature at the highest temperature of 400 ℃ for 60min, and thus obtaining the printed-degreased piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, and keeping the temperature for 30min at the highest sintering temperature of 520 ℃ to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Example 6
Mixing 5-7 mu m AlSi10Mg alloy spherical powder and 15-43 mu m AlSi10Mg alloy spherical powder at the rotating speed of 240rpm for 1.5h, drying and mixing the mixed powder at room temperature, wherein the volume ratio of the mixed powder to the powder is 11: 1, and obtaining the graded spherical or quasi-spherical powder corresponding to the ratio of 11: 1.
a) 3D printing is carried out on the graded powder, the blanking intensity is 80 percent, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder layer thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70 percent, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃ in the printing process. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) And (3) degreasing the printed piece, injecting 4MPa argon gas into the printed piece in the degreasing process, keeping the degreasing temperature at the highest temperature of 400 ℃ for 60min, and thus obtaining the printed-degreased piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, and keeping the temperature for 30min at the highest sintering temperature of 520 ℃ to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Comparative example 4
Mixing 5-7 mu m AlSi10Mg alloy spherical powder and 15-43 mu m AlSi10Mg alloy spherical powder at the rotating speed of 240rpm for 1.5h, drying and mixing the mixed powder at room temperature, wherein the volume ratio of the mixed powder to the powder is 8: 1, and obtaining the graded spherical or spheroidal powder corresponding to the ratio of 8: 1.
a) 3D printing is carried out on the graded powder, the blanking intensity is 80 percent, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder layer thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70 percent, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) Degreasing the printed matter, injecting 4MPa argon gas during degreasing, and raising the degreasing temperature
And keeping the temperature at 400 ℃ for 60min to obtain the printing-degreasing piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, and keeping the temperature for 30min at the highest sintering temperature of 520 ℃ to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Comparative example 5
Mixing 5-7 mu m AlSi10Mg alloy spherical powder and 15-43 mu m AlSi10Mg alloy spherical powder at the rotation speed of 240rpm for 1.5h, drying and mixing the mixed powder at room temperature at the volume ratio of 12: 1 to obtain the graded spherical or quasi-spherical powder corresponding to the ratio of 12: 1.
a) 3D printing is carried out on the graded powder, the blanking intensity is 80 percent, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder layer thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70 percent, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) And (3) degreasing the printed piece, injecting 4MPa argon gas into the printed piece in the degreasing process, keeping the degreasing temperature at the highest temperature of 400 ℃ for 60min, and thus obtaining the printed-degreased piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, and keeping the temperature for 30min at the highest sintering temperature of 520 ℃ to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Comparative example 6
a) 3D printing is carried out on AlSil0Mg alloy spherical powder (coarse powder) with the particle size of 15-43 mu m, the blanking intensity is 80%, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder layer thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70%, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) And (3) degreasing the printed piece, injecting 4MPa argon gas into the printed piece in the degreasing process, keeping the degreasing temperature at the highest temperature of 400 ℃ for 60min, and thus obtaining the printed-degreased piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, and keeping the temperature for 30min at the highest sintering temperature of 520 ℃ to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Example 7
Mixing 5-7 mu m of Ti6Al4V alloy spherical powder and 15-43 mu m of Ti6Al4V alloy spherical powder at the rotating speed of 240rpm for 1.5h, drying and mixing the mixed powder at room temperature, wherein the volume ratio of the mixed powder to the powder is 9: 1, and obtaining the graded spherical or spheroidal powder corresponding to the ratio of 9: 1.
a) 3D printing is carried out on the graded powder, the blanking intensity is 80 percent, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder layer thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70 percent, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃ in the printing process. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) And (3) degreasing the printed piece, injecting 4MPa argon gas into the printed piece in the degreasing process, keeping the temperature for 60min at the maximum degreasing temperature of 600 ℃, and thus obtaining the printed-degreased piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, and keeping the temperature for 30min at the highest sintering temperature of 1500 ℃ to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Example 8
Mixing 5-7 mu m of Ti6Al4V alloy spherical powder and 15-43 mu m of Ti6Al4V alloy spherical powder at the rotating speed of 240rpm for 1.5h, drying and mixing the mixed powder at room temperature, wherein the volume ratio of the mixed powder to the mixed powder is 10: 1, and obtaining the graded spherical or quasi-spherical powder corresponding to the ratio of 10: 1.
a) 3D printing is carried out on the graded powder, the blanking intensity is 80 percent, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder layer thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70 percent, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) And (3) degreasing the printed piece, injecting 4MPa argon gas into the printed piece in the degreasing process, keeping the temperature for 60min at the maximum degreasing temperature of 600 ℃, and thus obtaining the printed-degreased piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, and keeping the temperature for 30min at the highest sintering temperature of 1500 ℃ to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Example 9
Mixing 5-7 mu m of Ti6Al4V alloy spherical powder and 15-43 mu m of Ti6Al4V alloy spherical powder at the rotating speed of 240rpm for 1.5h, drying and mixing the mixed powder at room temperature, wherein the volume ratio of the mixed powder to the mixed powder is 11: 1, and thus obtaining the graded spherical or spheroidal powder corresponding to the ratio of 11: 1.
a) 3D printing is carried out on the graded powder, the blanking intensity is 80 percent, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder layer thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70 percent, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) And (3) degreasing the printed piece, injecting 4MPa argon gas into the printed piece in the degreasing process, keeping the temperature for 60min at the maximum degreasing temperature of 600 ℃, and thus obtaining the printed-degreased piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, and keeping the temperature for 30min at the highest sintering temperature of 1500 ℃ to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Comparative example 7
Mixing 5-7 mu m of Ti6Al4V alloy spherical powder and 15-43 mu m of Ti6Al4V alloy spherical powder at the rotating speed of 240rpm for 1.5h, drying and mixing the mixed powder at room temperature, wherein the volume ratio of the mixed powder to the mixed powder is 8: 1, and obtaining the graded spherical or spheroidal powder corresponding to the ratio of 8: 1.
a) 3D printing is carried out on the graded powder, the blanking intensity is 80 percent, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder layer thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70 percent, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) And (3) degreasing the printed piece, injecting 4MPa argon gas into the printed piece in the degreasing process, keeping the temperature for 60min at the maximum degreasing temperature of 600 ℃, and thus obtaining the printed-degreased piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, and keeping the temperature for 30min at the highest sintering temperature of 1500 ℃ to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Comparative example 8
Mixing 5-7 mu m of Ti6Al4V alloy spherical powder and 15-43 mu m of Ti6Al4V alloy spherical powder at the rotation speed of 240rpm for 1.5h, drying and mixing the mixed powder at room temperature, wherein the volume ratio of the mixed powder to the powder is 12: 1, and obtaining the graded spherical or quasi-spherical powder corresponding to the ratio of 12: 1.
a) 3D printing is carried out on the graded powder, the blanking intensity is 80 percent, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder layer thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70 percent, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃ in the printing process. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) And (3) degreasing the printed piece, injecting 4MPa argon gas into the printed piece in the degreasing process, keeping the temperature for 60min at the maximum degreasing temperature of 600 ℃, and thus obtaining the printed-degreased piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, and keeping the temperature for 30min at the highest sintering temperature of 1500 ℃ to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Comparative example 9
a) 3D printing is carried out on Ti6Al4V alloy spherical powder (coarse powder) with the particle size of 15-43 mu m, the blanking intensity is 80%, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder spreading layer thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70%, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) And (3) degreasing the printed piece, injecting 4MPa argon gas into the printed piece in the degreasing process, keeping the temperature for 60min at the maximum degreasing temperature of 600 ℃, and thus obtaining the printed-degreased piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, and keeping the temperature for 30min at the highest sintering temperature of 1500 ℃ to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Example 10
Adding 5-7 μm Al2O3Mixing the spherical powder and 316L stainless steel spherical powder of 15-43 mu m at the rotating speed of 240rpm for 1.5h, and adding 1ml of absolute ethyl alcohol for wet mixing at the volume ratio of 9: 1 to obtain the graded spherical or quasi-spherical powder corresponding to the ratio of 9: 1.
a) 3D printing is carried out on the graded powder, the blanking intensity is 80 percent, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder layer thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70 percent, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) And (3) degreasing the printed piece, injecting 4MPa argon gas into the printed piece in the degreasing process, keeping the temperature for 60min at the maximum degreasing temperature of 600 ℃, and thus obtaining the printed-degreased piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, and keeping the temperature for 30min at the highest sintering temperature of 1370 ℃ to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Example 11
Adding 5-7 μm Al2O3Mixing the spherical powder and 316L stainless steel spherical powder of 15-43 mu m at the rotating speed of 240rpm for 1.5h, and adding 1ml of absolute ethyl alcohol for wet mixing at the volume ratio of 10: 1 to obtain the graded spherical or quasi-spherical powder corresponding to the ratio of 10: 1.
a) 3D printing is carried out on the graded powder, the blanking intensity is 80 percent, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder layer thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70 percent, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) And (3) degreasing the printed piece, injecting 4MPa argon gas into the printed piece in the degreasing process, keeping the temperature for 60min at the maximum degreasing temperature of 600 ℃, and thus obtaining the printed-degreased piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, and keeping the temperature for 30min at the highest sintering temperature of 1370 ℃ to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Example 12
Adding 5-7 μm Al2O3Mixing the spherical powder and 316L stainless steel spherical powder of 15-43 mu m at the rotating speed of 240rpm for 1.5h, and adding 1ml of absolute ethyl alcohol for wet mixing at the volume ratio of 11: 1 to obtain the graded spherical or spheroidal powder corresponding to the ratio of 11: 1.
a) 3D printing is carried out on the graded powder, the blanking intensity is 80 percent, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder layer thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70 percent, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) And (3) degreasing the printed piece, injecting 4MPa argon gas into the printed piece in the degreasing process, keeping the temperature for 60min at the maximum degreasing temperature of 600 ℃, and thus obtaining the printed-degreased piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, and keeping the temperature for 30min at the highest sintering temperature of 1370 ℃ to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Comparative example 10
Adding 5-7 μm Al2O3Mixing the spherical powder and 316L stainless steel spherical powder of 15-43 mu m at the rotating speed of 240rpm for 1.5h, and adding 1ml of absolute ethyl alcohol for wet mixing at the volume ratio of 8: 1 to obtain the graded spherical or spheroidal powder corresponding to the ratio of 8: 1.
a) 3D printing is carried out on the graded powder, the blanking intensity is 80 percent, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder layer thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70 percent, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) And (3) degreasing the printed piece, injecting 4MPa argon gas into the printed piece in the degreasing process, keeping the temperature for 60min at the maximum degreasing temperature of 600 ℃, and thus obtaining the printed-degreased piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, and keeping the temperature for 30min at the highest sintering temperature of 1370 ℃ to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Comparative example 11
Adding 5-7 μm Al2O3Mixing the spherical powder and 316L stainless steel spherical powder of 15-43 mu m at the rotating speed of 240rpm for 1.5h, and adding 1ml of absolute ethyl alcohol for wet mixing at the volume ratio of 12: 1 to obtain the graded spherical or spheroidal powder corresponding to the ratio of 12: 1.
a) 3D printing is carried out on the graded powder, the blanking intensity is 80 percent, the scraper speed is 80mm/min, the powder layer thickness is 70 mu m, the adhesive saturation is 70 percent, and the powder bed temperature is 50 ℃. And (3) carrying out thermocuring treatment on the green printing piece after printing, wherein the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing time is 10h, so as to obtain the printing piece.
b) And (3) degreasing the printed piece, injecting 4MPa argon gas into the printed piece in the degreasing process, keeping the temperature for 60min at the maximum degreasing temperature of 600 ℃, and thus obtaining the printed-degreased piece.
c) And sintering the printed-degreased part, injecting 2.5MPa argon gas in the sintering process, and keeping the temperature for 30min at the highest sintering temperature of 1370 ℃ to obtain the printed-sintered part.
d) And (5) performing performance characterization on the printed-sintered part.
Example 13
The data of examples 1 to 12 and comparative examples 1 to 11 of the present invention are compared (the parameters of the powder laying, printing, curing, degreasing and sintering processes of examples 1 to 12 and comparative examples 1 to 11 refer to the specific embodiments), and are shown in tables 1 to 4.
TABLE 1 data relating to experiments and comparative data thereof in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 3
Figure BDA0003538714550000171
TABLE 2 data and comparative data relating to experiments in examples 4 to 6 of the present invention and comparative examples 4 to 6
Figure BDA0003538714550000172
TABLE 3 data and comparative data relating to experiments in examples 7 to 9 of the present invention and comparative examples 7 to 9
Figure BDA0003538714550000173
Figure BDA0003538714550000181
TABLE 4 data relating to experiments and comparative data thereof in examples 10 to 12 of the present invention and comparative examples 10 to 11
Figure BDA0003538714550000182
In the embodiment, the experimental results show that when fine-particle metal, alloy and ceramic spherical powder with the particle sizes of 5-7 microns and coarse-particle alloy spherical powder with the particle sizes of 15-43 microns are used as raw materials, the grading powder with the volume ratio of the coarse powder to the fine powder of 9: 1 has the best powder paving effect, the sintering compactness is good, and the hardness performance of the corresponding sintered forming piece is the best; when the volume ratio of the coarse powder to the fine powder is less than 9, the sintering compactness and hardness are reduced; when the volume ratio of the coarse powder to the fine powder is more than 12, the sintering compactness and hardness are obviously reduced.
The above-described embodiments are the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and any person skilled in the art who makes modifications and variations within the scope of the claims of the present invention is considered to be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a mix powder for 3D prints which characterized in that: the environment-friendly powder comprises coarse powder and fine powder, wherein the particle size of the coarse powder is 15-43 mu m, the particle size of the fine powder is 5-7 mu m, the volume ratio of the coarse powder to the fine powder is 8: 1-11: 1, the coarse powder is at least one selected from metal powder, the coarse powder is spherical powder, and the fine powder is at least one selected from metal powder or ceramic powder.
2. The mixed powder for 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein: the volume ratio of the coarse powder to the fine powder is 9: 1-10: 1.
3. The mixed powder for 3D printing according to claim 2, wherein: the metal powder comprises Fe-based, Al-based, Mg-based, Cu-based, Ti-based and Ni-based powder, and the ceramic powder comprises oxide ceramic, carbide ceramic, nitride ceramic and boride ceramic powder.
4. The mixed powder for 3D printing according to claim 3, wherein: the Fe-based powder comprises but is not limited to stainless steel powder such as 022Cr17Ni12Mo2, 06Cr19Ni10 and the like; the oxide ceramic is alumina or zirconia ceramic.
5. A3D printing method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, providing raw materials for the mixed powder for 3D printing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix;
s2, powder paving, binder spraying and printing, heat curing, degreasing and sintering are carried out on the premix obtained in the step S1, and a 3D printing-sintering piece is obtained.
6. The 3D printing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the mixing process in the step S1 includes: placing the coarse powder and the fine powder in a ball mill at the rotation speed of 200-240rpm for 1-3 h; the mixing condition is dry mixing at room temperature or wet mixing in an organic solvent or deionized water.
7. The 3D printing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the powder paving process comprises the following steps: the blanking intensity is 60-80%, and the scraper speed is 60-80 mm/min; the printing process comprises the following steps: the thickness of the powder layer is 20-200 μm, the saturation of the adhesive is 50-90%, and the temperature of the powder bed is room temperature-180 ℃.
8. The 3D printing method according to claim 7, wherein: the curing process comprises the following steps: the curing temperature is 150-200 ℃, and the curing time is 1-48 h.
9. The 3D printing method according to claim 8, wherein: the degreasing process comprises the following steps: the heating rate is 2 ℃/min to 5 ℃/min, the degreasing temperature is 300 to 600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10min to 120min, and protective gas is injected in the degreasing process.
10. The 3D printing method according to claim 9, wherein: the sintering process comprises the following steps: the heating rate is 2 ℃/min to 8 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 50 to 250 ℃ below the melting point of the coarse powder material, the heat preservation time is 10min to 180min, and the sintering process is carried out in protective gas or vacuum.
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