CN114533740A - Boar odorant composition and application thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a boar odorant composition and application thereof. The invention provides a boar odorant composition, which is characterized by comprising the following components: (1) an androgenic steroid, and (2) skatole and/or anisole. The boar odorant composition provided by the invention can replace boars to be used for sow oestrus detection and oestrus induction, effectively reduces the risk of infecting African swine fever, and simultaneously improves the management efficiency of a pig farm and the administration accuracy. In addition, the boar odorant composition provided by the invention is combined with the pig nose model provided by the invention, boars are replaced by a mode of combining touch, smell and hearing, boars are simulated in an all-round way, and the estrus induction effect on sows can be obviously enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of veterinary medicines, in particular to a boar odorant composition and application thereof.
Background
African Swine fever is an acute, hemorrhagic, virulent infectious disease caused by African Swine virus (ASFV) infecting domestic pigs and various wild pigs (e.g., African wild pigs, European wild pigs). The transmission routes are multiple, the transmission is realized by directly contacting with African swine fever virus infected pigs or African swine fever pollutants, and the respiratory tract and the digestive tract are the most main transmission routes.
In the production process of a pig farm, the work of attracting and checking the temperament of boars is an important ring for improving the breeding performance of the pig farm. In the process of luring and checking the estrus, the sow can not be contacted with different sows. Oestrus in sows is caused by elevated levels of oestrogen in the body. The boar stimulates the sow through olfaction, hearing, vision, touch and the like, so that the central nerve of the sow is excited, and the hypothalamus is stimulated to secrete gonadotropin releasing hormone, the hormone acts on the pituitary, the pituitary is promoted to secrete follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, the estrogen level in the sow is increased, and the sow is oestrous.
Under the situation of the current transverse African swine fever, the use of boars in pig farms to check the situation, induce the situation and the like has great infection risks, and a plurality of pig farms suffer from serious losses caused by the risks. Trying to find out that the boars are driven to the sows to check the situation, induce the situation and the like, if one of the boars has the African swine fever virus or one of the links is not completely disinfected, cross infection is easily caused, the African swine fever is rapidly spread to the whole pig farm, and great loss is caused. In addition, the boars are used for sow luring, and the defects of high production cost, complex operation, large workload, low operation safety and the like exist. Therefore, a new estrus-inducing mode needs to be selected again to replace boars in a pig farm, so as to reduce cross infection, reduce production cost and workload and improve operation safety. The scheme and the tool which can replace boars to realize sow oestrus detection and oestrus induction are significant.
The boar odorant can imitate boar odor to stimulate oestrus of sows. In countries like Europe and America, the research of boar odorants began in the last 60 s (Patterson, 1968), and the boar odorants are currently used in pig farms for decades, with mature application schemes and remarkable effects (Shrestha, 2001; John J, 2019). Nowadays, under the environment of spreading African swine fever, the application of boar odorants in pig farms is particularly important.
The smell of the pig is developed, most pig farms in China currently use an imported Boar odorant product, namely a pheromone Boar Better, the main component of the pheromone Boar odor is Boar Saliva Analog (BSATM), namely Boar Saliva Analog, and the product can replace boars to be used for sow emotion check and induction. The product comprises 3 components: androstenone, androstenol, and quinoline. The product only emits one color (blue).
The smell of the sow is perceived as a taste from the reaction of the signal molecule, usually an aromatic molecule, in the boar, in combination with the corresponding ligand. It has been reported in the literature that androstenone is one of boar pheromone molecules, and is present in saliva and fat tissue of boars, and plays a role in transmitting information and stimulating oestrus of sows. It has been reported in the literature that androstenol is also a boar pheromone molecule and functions similarly to androstenone.
However, the above products still have drawbacks in production practice. Particularly, the utilization of boars to realize the emotion detection and induction of sows is based on various factors such as taste, sound, touch and the like of the boars, and not only boar saliva or boar saliva analogues. The boar saliva analogue is only one of the necessary conditions for replacing boars to execute the functions of examining and inducing the oestrus of sows. In addition, the taste of boars includes not only the pheromone molecular taste of boar saliva but also the harassing taste of boars themselves.
The primary Boar odorant product used in the prior art, the pheromone bone setter, is only a Boar saliva analog, which is a simulation of Boar saliva taste, only partially replacing Boar odors. Therefore, the limitation of the method is obvious in the process of using the pheromone Boar Better to realize the oestrus check and oestrus induction of the sows.
In the process of utilizing boars to check and induce the estrus of sows, the odor of the boars, namely the taste of saliva and the harassing taste of bodies are within 1 meter near the front of the sows, and the sows can smell the odor and make corresponding reactions. The pheromone Boar cutter only has the taste of Boar saliva, and can only partially simulate boars to realize the emotion check and induction of sows. Furthermore, when the Fermont Boar cutter is used for checking the estrus and inducing the estrus of the sows, the efficiency is not high when the boars are not used, the situation that some sows are estrous but can not be found out can be met during checking the estrus, and the estrus inducing effect is not ideal as that of the boars. The underlying reason for this is that it does not fully or nearly fully simulate the smell of a boar or simulate the boar itself.
In addition, in practical application, the regular use of boar odorants is twice a day, i.e. once each morning and afternoon. At present, most domestic pig farms depend on manual work, so that management is relatively imperfect, and if only one color is sprayed, workers may miss administration in the afternoon in some cases according to subjective judgment.
In the prior art, a boar model (for example, CN201921662902.6) is used to look up and induce the temperament by combining the vision with the hearing of boar calls. Or a boar robot is utilized, wherein a boar odor generator is arranged, and the boar odor generator can attract the emotion through vision and smell. However, the sense of smell and touch of pigs is the most sensitive, and the vision is weak, so that the pig cannot see things without being close to the object. And the reaction of the pig to the light stimulation is much weaker than that of the sound stimulation, and the discrimination on the light intensity, the object image and the color is also poor. Therefore, the visual effect of the boar model and the boar robot is not great.
Therefore, the sow estrus inducing method in the prior art has the defect that the estrus inducing method is single or the estrus inducing effect is poor. In the prior art, a method for inducing estrus of sows mainly utilizes the olfactory effect of an odorant, and a scheme for stimulating touch sense and auditory sense of the sows at the same time is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, through years of analysis, test and experience summary, the boar odorant composition which can completely simulate the taste of boars and replace boars to realize oestrus detection and oestrus induction on sows, and the use method and application thereof are developed.
Means for solving the problems
The present invention provides in a first aspect a boar odorant composition, wherein the composition comprises the following components: (1) an androgenic steroid, and (2) skatole and/or anisole.
Wherein said skatole is a major source of boar taint, which is abundantly present in boar adipose tissue and faeces; high concentrations of skatole showed boar taint, while very low concentrations of skatole showed floral aroma. The anisole is a substance commonly found in nature and has an aromatic taste with fennel aroma.
In some embodiments, the androgenic steroid is one or more selected from the group consisting of: androstenone, androstenol, and androstadienone.
In some further embodiments, the androgenic steroid consists of an androstenone and an androstenol.
In some specific embodiments, the (1) androgenic steroid, and (2) skatole and/or anisole, are each present in the boar odorant composition in an amount of between 0.00002% and 2% (w/w), wherein the preferred concentrations of androstenone, androstenol, skatole, and anisole are each between 0.002% and 0.02% (w/w), respectively.
In some specific embodiments, the boar odorant composition further comprises: organic solvent, water and pigment. In some specific embodiments, the water is ultrapure water; the organic solvent is isopropanol; the pigment is food grade water soluble pigment.
In some preferred embodiments, the pigment is two pigments of different colors, the pigment being selected from any one of the group consisting of the following color pigments: red, blue, green, yellow, violet, orange. Wherein the red pigment comprises: carmine pigment, red date pigment, tomato red pigment, monascus pigment, beet red pigment, sorghum red pigment and/or grape skin red pigment; the blue pigment includes brilliant blue pigment, gardenia blue pigment; the green pigment includes: apple green pigment, matcha pigment and/or sodium copper chlorophyllin; the yellow pigment comprises: curcumin, gardenia yellow pigment, pineapple pigment, mango pigment, lemon yellow pigment and/or beta-carotene pigment; the purple pigments include: purple yam purpurin, grape purpurin and/or purple potato pigment; orange pigments include: orange pigment and/or annatto pigment.
In some specific embodiments, the pigment is present in the boar odorant composition in an amount of 0.02 to 0.06% (w/w); preferably, the pigment is present in the boar odorant composition in an amount of 0.04% (w/w).
In a second aspect, the invention provides the use of the boar odorant composition according to the first aspect of the invention for oestrus detection and oestrus induction of sows.
In some specific embodiments, the sow may be a replacement sow or a weaning sow; wherein the replacement gilt is a replacement gilt which has an initial condition and is fed with altrenogest for 14-18 days.
In a third aspect, the invention provides the use of the combination of the boar odorant composition of the first aspect of the invention and the pig nose model for oestrus detection and oestrus induction in sows.
The pig nose model is a pig nose model customized by bionic silica gel (see figure 1 specifically). The pig nose model can simulate the nose of a boar, and can stimulate the secretion of sow hormones by touching the pig nose model with the nose of a sow in the using process. As can be seen from the back view of the schematic diagram of the pig nose model, the pig nose model comprises a constant temperature heater, a battery and a Bluetooth sound box.
In some specific embodiments, the pig nose model is provided with a constant temperature heater to stabilize the temperature of the surface of the pig nose model at 37 ℃, and the pig nose model is provided with a bluetooth sound box in which an SD card can be inserted to play the sound of a boar. In the actual use process, a boar calling switch of a Bluetooth sound box in the pig nose model is firstly turned on, then the pig nose model is touched with a sow, and the boar odorant composition provided by the first aspect of the invention is sprayed.
In other embodiments, the pig nose model is fitted with a disposable ultra-thin latex sleeve (see fig. 2 in particular). Before the pig nose model is used, the disposable ultrathin latex sleeve is sleeved outside the pig nose model and is replaced after use. Preferably, the thickness of the latex ultrathin sleeve is 0.03 mm-0.05 mm; more preferably, the thickness of the latex ultrathin sheath is 0.03 mm. In the present invention, the "latex ultrathin sheath" may also be referred to as a "cross-infection prevention sheath".
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION
Compared with the prior art, the boar odorant composition and the application thereof provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
(1) the boar odorant composition provided by the invention is simple in production process and suitable for large-scale production; the quality of the boar odorant composition is reliable, and the specific content of the main components can be identified and verified by using a conventional inspection method in the field; the boar odorant composition can be prepared into a spray or an aqueous fog agent, is convenient to use, and the aqueous fog agent/spray can be taken at any time.
(2) The Boar odorant composition provided by the invention can replace boars and a Fermon Boar setter used in the prior art to find and induce estrus of sows, can effectively reduce the risk of infecting African swine fever, improves the management efficiency and improves the standing reaction proportion and the oestrus proportion of the sows.
(3) The boar odorant composition provided by the invention can be prepared into a two-color combined water mist agent/spray according to actual needs, and the administration accuracy is improved in practical application.
(4) The boar odorant composition provided by the invention is matched with a bionic silica gel pig nose model provided with a Bluetooth sound box for use, wherein the bionic silica gel material can maximally simulate the boar nose in touch by virtue of a temperature control device, and can replace boar attraction and sow emotion detection in a mode of combining smell sense, touch sense and auditory sense.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail as follows:
drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pig nose model provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a disposable ultra-thin latex sleeve provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown, but the invention can be practiced in many different ways, which are defined and covered by the claims and not limited to the embodiments described herein.
Unless otherwise indicated, all technical means in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1: preparation of boar odorant composition A and effect verification thereof
(1) Preparation of boar odorant composition A
Boar odorant compositions a 1-a 4 sprays containing androstenone, androstenol, skatole, and anisole were prepared according to the formulations and content compositions listed in table 1.
TABLE 1 composition of boar odorant compositions A1-A4
Wherein the food-grade water-soluble pigment is respectively selected from carmine pigment and bright blue pigment, and is prepared into a red and blue two-color combined preparation which can respectively spray red and blue spray.
(2) Efficacy validation of boar odorant composition A
[ test animals ] replacement gilts having an initial stage and fed altrenogest for 18 days.
Experimental groups test groups: boar odorant composition A1-A4; boar control group: adopting boars to induce the feelings; drug control group: fermon Boar setter (batch LOT: 9C 26698). The number of heads per group of animals tested is detailed in table 2.
[ test protocol ]
Test groups: the spraying preparation of the boar odorant composition A1-A4 is applied to sows to check and induce the oestrus of the sows. The specific operation is as follows: the boar odorant compositions A1-A4 were applied to sows in the test group to spray 1-2 sprays (about 2 ml) 10-30 cm into the nasal cavity of the sows, so that the sows covered the nasal part of the sows, and the sows inhaled the flavor molecules in the sprays through the nasal cavity to feel the boar. The red spray and the blue spray are used for 2 times a day, 8:00 am and 16:00 pm respectively, and the application time is 3 days continuously.
Boar control group: adopts the traditional boar emotion-checking and emotion-inducing mode.
Drug control group: the spray of the pheromone Boar setter is applied to sows to check and lure the oestrus of the sows, and the specific operation is consistent with that of the test group.
[ Observation indexes ] the oestrus status of the sows of the 2 nd to 7 th days in each group is respectively observed and counted.
[ test results ] are shown in Table 2:
table 2 test groups and statistics on group results
| Test grouping | Number of sows/head | Total number of estrus on days 2-7 | Proportion of total estrus |
| Composition A1 | 117 | 82 | 70.08％ |
| Composition A2 | 162 | 148 | 91.36％ |
| Composition A3 | 151 | 135 | 89.40％ |
| Composition A4 | 137 | 122 | 89.05％ |
| Control group of boars | 88 | 80 | 90.90％ |
| Drug control group | 139 | 125 | 89.93％ |
According to the results, the Boar odor compositions A1-A4 can induce the oestrus of replacement gilts, wherein the test groups of the compositions A2, A3 and A4 have the effect which is obviously Better than that of the composition A1 and is equivalent to that of a Boar control group and a drug control group (Fermonton Boar beer).
Example 2: preparation of boar odorant composition B and effect verification thereof
(1) Preparation of boar odorant composition B
Boar odorant compositions B1-B4 sprays containing androstenone, androstenol, and skatole were prepared according to the formulations and content compositions listed in table 3.
TABLE 3 composition of boar odorant compositions B1-B4
Wherein the food-grade water-soluble pigment is respectively selected from carmine pigment and bright blue pigment, and is prepared into a red and blue two-color combined preparation which can respectively spray red and blue spray.
(2) Efficacy validation of boar odorant composition B
[ test animals ] replacement gilts having an initial stage and fed with altrenogest for 18 days
Experimental groups test groups: boar odorant compositions B1-B4; boar control group: inducing the boar to have an estrus; drug control group: fermon Boar setter (batch LOT: 9C 26698). The number of heads per group of animals tested is detailed in table 4.
[ test protocol ]
Test groups: the spraying preparation of the boar odorant composition B1-B4 is applied to sows to check and induce the oestrus of the sows. The specific operation is as follows: the boar odorant compositions B1-B4 were applied to sows in the test group to spray 1-2 sprays (about 2 ml) 10-30 cm into the nasal cavity of the sows, so that the sows covered the nasal part of the sows, and the sows inhaled the flavor molecules in the sprays through the nasal cavity to feel the boar. The red spray and the blue spray are used for 2 times a day, 8:00 am and 16:00 pm respectively, and the application time is 3 days continuously.
Boar control group: adopts the traditional boar emotion-checking and emotion-inducing mode.
Drug control group: the spray of the pheromone Boar setter is applied to sows to check and lure the oestrus of the sows, and the specific operation is consistent with that of the test group.
[ Observation indexes ] the oestrus status of the sows of the 2 nd to 7 th days in each group is respectively observed and counted.
[ test results ] are shown in Table 4:
table 4 test groups and statistics on group results
| Test grouping | Number of sows/head | Total number of estrus on days 2-7 | Proportion of total estrus |
| Composition B1 | 105 | 71 | 67.62％ |
| Composition B2 | 133 | 117 | 87.97％ |
| Composition B3 | 121 | 103 | 85.12％ |
| Composition B4 | 107 | 92 | 85.98％ |
| Control group of boars | 90 | 80 | 88.89％ |
| Drug control group | 131 | 113 | 86.26％ |
According to the results, the Boar odor compositions B1-B4 can induce the oestrus of replacement gilts, wherein the test groups of the compositions B2, B3 and B4 have Better effects than the composition B1 and have equivalent effects with Boar control groups and drug control groups (Fermonton Boar Better).
Example 3: preparation of boar odorant composition C and effect verification thereof
(1) Preparation of boar odorant composition C
Boar odorant compositions C1-C4 sprays containing androstenone, androstenol, and anisole were prepared according to the formulations and content compositions listed in table 5.
TABLE 5 composition of boar odorant compositions C1-C4
Wherein the food-grade water-soluble pigment is respectively selected from carmine pigment and bright blue pigment, and is prepared into a red and blue two-color combined preparation which can respectively spray red and blue spray.
(2) Efficacy validation of boar odorant composition C
[ test animals ] replacement gilts having an initial stage and fed with altrenogest for 18 days
Experimental groups test groups: the boar odorant composition is C1-C4; boar control group: inducing the boar to have an estrus; drug control group: fermon Boar setter (batch LOT: 9C 26698). The number of heads per group of animals tested is detailed in table 4.
[ test protocol ]
Test groups: the boar odorant composition C1-C4 is applied to sows to check and induce the oestrus of the sows. The specific operation is as follows: the boar odorant composition C1-C4 was applied to a nasal cavity of a sow in a test group at a distance of 10-30 cm, and a 1-2 spray (about 2 ml) was started to cover the nose of the sow, so that the sow could inhale the odorant molecules from the spray through the nasal cavity, thereby sensing the presence of the boar. The red spray and the blue spray are used for 2 times a day, 8:00 am and 16:00 pm respectively, and the application time is 3 days continuously.
Boar control group: adopts the traditional boar emotion-checking and emotion-inducing mode.
Drug control group: the spray of the pheromone Boar setter is applied to sows to check and lure the oestrus of the sows, and the specific operation is consistent with that of the test group.
[ Observation indexes ] the oestrus status of the sows of the 2 nd to 7 th days in each group is respectively observed and counted.
[ test results ] as shown in Table 6:
TABLE 6 test groups and statistics on group results
| Test grouping | Number of sows/head | Total number of estrus on days 2-7 | Proportion of total estrus |
| Composition C1 | 105 | 66 | 62.86％ |
| Composition C2 | 143 | 118 | 82.52％ |
| Composition C3 | 121 | 97 | 80.16％ |
| Composition C4 | 107 | 86 | 80.37％ |
| Control group of boars | 85 | 75 | 88.23％ |
| Drug control group | 123 | 104 | 84.55％ |
According to the results, the Boar odor composition C1-C4 can induce the oestrus of replacement gilts, wherein the test group of the compositions C2, C3 and C4 has Better effect than the composition C1, and has no significant difference with the drug control group (pheromone Boar setter).
Example 4: combined use of boar odorant composition and pig nose model
Boar odorant preparation boar odorant compositions a2, B2 and C2 were prepared according to examples 1-3, with the selection of more effective and less costly levels of each formulation (i.e., composition a2, composition B2 and composition C2 in examples 1-3).
[ PRODUCTION OF PIG NOSE MODEL ] heating silica gel material to 200-250 deg.C, pouring into pig nose-shaped mould, and integrally forming to obtain silica gel model of pig nose, wherein the whole model is a cylinder with diameter of 10 cm and height of 15 cm. One bottom surface of the cylinder is provided with two cylindrical hollowed-out grooves with the diameter of 1 cm and the depth of 0.5 cm, and the cylindrical hollowed-out grooves are used for simulating the nostrils of the pig; the other bottom surface is provided with 3 rectangular grooves which are respectively used for placing a battery box, a constant temperature heater and a Bluetooth sound box, wherein, the bottoms of the battery box and the constant temperature heater are provided with small holes for connecting the two electric wires. The battery box, the constant-temperature heater and the Bluetooth sound box are placed in the box body, and after the battery is placed in the box body, the switch of the battery box and the switch of the sound box are turned on, so that the box body can be used.
[ test animals ] the same weaned sow is selected
[ test grouping ]
Test groups: the pig nose model disclosed by the invention is matched with the boar odorant composition for use. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) boar odorant composition A2+ pig nose model
(2) Boar odorant composition B2+ pig nose model
(3) Boar odorant composition C2+ pig nose model
Boar control group: boar attraction
Drug control group: fermon Boar setter (batch LOT: 9C 26698). The number of heads per group of animals tested is detailed in tables 7-9.
[ test protocol ]
Test groups: the boar odor detection method comprises the steps of firstly turning on a boar sound-calling switch in a boar nose model, then touching the boar nose model with a sow, finally spraying the boar odor agent composition provided by the invention, and substituting boars for luring and checking the situation by a mode of combining hearing, touch and smell.
Boar control group: adopts the traditional boar estrus inducing and checking mode.
Drug control group: the spray of the pheromone Boar setter is applied to sows to lure/check the oestrus of the sows.
(1) Effect verification of combined application of boar odorant composition A2 and pig nose model
TABLE 7 statistics of the results of the test and control groups
(2) Effect verification of combined application of boar odorant composition B2 and pig nose model
TABLE 8 statistics of results of test and control groups
(3) Effect verification of combined application of boar odorant composition C2 and pig nose model
TABLE 9 statistics of the results of the test and control groups
According to the results shown in tables 7-9, it can be seen that the combination of the boar odorant composition and the pig nose model can effectively substitute boars for estrus induction, and the effect is significantly better than that of the boar odorant administration group and the drug control group. The boar simulation method proves that the boar odorant composition and the pig nose model are applied in a combined mode, and the boar simulation method simulates boars comprehensively through the combination of touch, smell and hearing, so that the estrus induction effect on sows can be obviously enhanced.
Claims (12)
1. A boar odorant composition, the composition comprising the following components: (1) an androgenic steroid, and (2) skatole and/or anisole.
2. The boar odorant composition according to claim 1, wherein the androgen steroid consists of androstenone and androstenol.
3. The boar odorant composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the boar odorant composition further comprises water and/or organic solvents and/or pigments; preferably, the water is ultrapure water, the organic solvent is isopropanol, and the pigment is an edible water-soluble pigment.
4. The boar odorant composition according to claim 3, wherein the pigments are two different color pigments, and the pigments are selected from any one of the group consisting of the following color pigments: red, blue, green, yellow, violet, and orange.
5. The boar odorant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the (1) androgenic steroid, and the (2) skatole and/or anisole are each present in the boar odorant composition in an amount of between 0.00002% and 2% (w/w); preferably, the content of the androgenic steroid (1) and the content of the skatole (2) and/or anisole in the boar odorant composition are both 0.002-0.02% (w/w).
6. The boar odorant composition according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the pigment is present in the boar odorant composition in an amount of 0.02 to 0.06% (w/w); preferably, the pigment is present in the boar odorant composition in an amount of 0.04% (w/w).
7. The boar odorant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the combination is prepared as a spray and/or mist.
8. Use of the boar odorant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for oestrus detection and oestrus induction in sows.
9. The use of claim 8, wherein the sow is a gilt or a weaning sow.
10. The use of claim 9, wherein the gilt replacement is a gilt replacement that is estrus and is fed altrenogest for 14-18 days.
11. Use of a combination of a boar odorant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and a pig nose model for oestrus detection and oestrus induction in sows.
12. The use of claim 11, wherein the pig nose model is a biomimetic latex customized pig nose model; preferably, the pig nose model is provided with a constant temperature heater and a Bluetooth sound box, wherein the Bluetooth sound box can be inserted into an SD card and play the sound of a boar.
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