CN114525855B - 一种活性、轻质、防火、无网型的yt无机活性墙体保温材料 - Google Patents
一种活性、轻质、防火、无网型的yt无机活性墙体保温材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种活性、轻质、防火、无网型的YT无机活性墙体保温材料，属于墙体保温隔热材料领域。本发明所述墙体保温材料由内到外依次包括底层粘接层、中层隔热层、中层架构层和柔性表面层。本发明通过微泡工艺来加强隔热层的稳固性和网格架构的形成，利用多层面、聚合物空腔结构和气泡结构阻隔热量的传导，利用粗细纤维和纤维醚化物的交织以及气泡结构实现材料柔性渐变和自养护目的。本发明克服了现有保温砂浆在耐高温、抗水、抗裂、透气性等方面的不足，实现了无网抗裂，隔热节能和透气舒适的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及墙体保温隔热材料领域，尤其涉及一种活性、轻质、防火、无网型的YT无机活性墙体保温材料。
背景技术
目前市场上的无机保温砂浆多采用无机轻集料聚合物组成，在抗裂、抗水、透气、隔热方面存在很大缺陷，国家规定采用网格布、抗裂砂浆等辅助措施来弥补产品自身的缺陷。
申请号为CN201620385726.6的专利公布了一种YT无机轻集料聚合物无网型墙体保温材料，由外到内依次包括饰面层、抗裂保护层、保温层和防水固化层，所述饰面层为吸附甲醛的硅质材料层，所述抗裂保护层包括抗裂防渗砂浆和弹性底层涂料，所述保温层为无机轻集料组成的具有抗热气流传导和反射热 源作用的材料层，保温层内设有多孔腔体和阻隔材料，所述保温层和防水固化层之间还设有粘结层。虽然该保温隔热材料能够提高保温效果，具有抗裂和无机无网的优点，但是该材料在调节温差、抗紫外线以及透气性等方面性能较差。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种活性、轻质、防火、无网型的YT无机活性墙体保温材料，所述YT无机活性墙体保温材料由内到外依次包括底层粘接层、中层隔热层、中层架构层和柔性表面层。
优选地，所述底层粘接层为EVA乳液，所述EVA乳液中还包括硅酸钙、氢氧化钙或粘土中一种或多种。所述EVA为醋酸乙稀-乙烯共聚物的简称，购买自德国瓦克公司。
底层粘接层的材料与墙体材料同属性，因此底层粘接层与墙体有极强粘接效果。维护和保证中层隔热层和中层架构层的与墙体的同属性同寿命，有效解决了空鼓，脱落问题的问题。
优选地，所述中层隔热层包括以下重量份的原料：
绿松石40份、玻化微珠30份、气凝胶5份、EVA 5份、硅微粉20份。
优选地，所述气凝胶为无机硅质气凝胶，具有隔热阻燃的功效，其较低的导热系数可以改善和提高保温层的隔热保温效能。气凝胶采用中凝科技AG-D气凝胶粉体。
隔热保温材料之间相互补充，形成强大的传导阻力，能够有效阻滞热传导，实现保温隔热的效果。所述中层隔热层的导热系数0.055，远低于同类产品，为目前无机保温材料最低导热系数产品。
优选地，所述中层架构层包括以下重量份的原料：
EVA 20份、植物蛋白纤维23份、海泡石50份、羟基纤维素7份。
上述材料混合在一起完成微发泡反应，形成稳固的纵横交织的结构体，即，架构体为隔热层材料和整体保温层形成稳固的载体，实现对隔热层的隔热材料进行有效支撑，进而达到稳固、耐候、抗冲击、保温效能持久的保温隔热结构体系的技术效果。
优选地，所述柔性表面层包括以下重量份的原料：
滑石粉15份、钇粉5份、硫酸钡5份、草酸钙3份、甲基纤维素2份、淀粉醚30份、晶粒玉石20份、海泡石20份。
所述淀粉醚采用甘肃金昌金特20万粘度，所述晶粒玉石采用河北曲阳安柳建材50目产品。
所述柔性表面层中多纤维经纬交错，粗细纤维交织存在，使得应力释放更加舒缓，纤维网络和牢固架构层之间完成韧性的过度，使得表面层具有不龟裂、抗水、抗霉变、吸附甲醛、反射光源、防酸碱侵蚀、防水防渗的技术效果。
优选地，本发明的保温材料为无机轻集料，主要由轻质无机材料聚合体，耐高温反射材料，纳米气凝胶材料，羟基纤维素高粘度材料、海泡石矿纤维组成，然后通过微泡工艺来加强隔热的稳固性和网格架构的形成，多层面作用于阻隔热量的传导，结构透气性能优越，同时兼顾抗水效能；隔热保温来自于聚合物的空腔结构，气泡结构，阻隔热传导，外冷热反射；抗裂来自于粗细纤维和纤维醚化物的交织以及气泡结构的稳定和材料柔性渐变和自养护原理；防火来自于1000度高温形成的无机聚合物群体；活性来自于蓄能材料的储存和释放。
所述微泡工艺具体指的是：EVA的水化过程与水泥和钙类材料形成反应产生微泡，并在醚类物质干扰下，滞留保温层中，干燥固化后形成气室结构构架。
本发明透气隔热中间层的架构原理：所述中间层为多层级多维度的保温架构体系，表现为横向为蛋白纤维和醚化纤维在HPMC/HEC作用干扰下，形成规则的网格结构；而短纤维和矿棉纤维在EVA和硅藻材料及海泡石的作用干扰下，形成规则的多层级竖向网格结构，从而形成纵横经纬交织的网络框架结构。
所述HPMC为羟丙基甲基纤维素的简称，所述HEC为羟乙基纤维素的简称。
EVA和硅钙类材料交融形成的气室泡对网格布局进行了填充，保证了框架构造体的稳定性，同时气凝胶又对玻化微珠和气泡体进行了凝结粘连，在增强热量阻隔的效果前提下，进一步地强化了保温层构架的牢固性。
HPMC具有保水功能，可以实现水泥胶凝材料的水化反应的渐进性，保证保温层形成中应力释放更均衡，防止了应力作用释放过快，造成局部开裂，实现了YT无机活性保温材料的自养护功能。
本发明利用保温架构体系，实现了YT无机活性保温材料可以无网施工的国家规范的创新性突破。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1本发明在技术层面突破了普通砂浆的缺陷，完成了从有网到无网，由高能耗到低能耗的转变。其体现在多纤维作用为保温体自然形成韧网层面，多交织网络，从而完成避免了材料成型过程中应力释放造成的龟裂、离析现象；同时，中层隔热层和中层架构层为多气泡热量阻隔、多纤维韧网层、防渗抗水层、饰面韧性抗裂层的良好结构体系，并且材料具有柔性渐变和自养护功能，为无网抗裂特性提供了技术保障。
2本发明在日光和冷热空气流动作用下完成隔热保温作用，在蓄能、保温抗裂和抗紫外线、透气性方面优异。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图中，101-底层粘接层、102-中层隔热层、103-中层架构层和104-柔性表面层。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明所保护的范围。
下述实施例中所述试验方法或测试方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法；所述原料和助剂，如无特殊说明，均从常规商业途径获得，或以常规方法制备。
YT体现为成分的表现：无机岩（Yan)类矿质的集合体，微量钇元素(Yttrium）高熔点替代物；粘土类矿物质（Tu)和粒硅钙石粉粒（Tilleyite）两大类组成，重要材料来自于Y字头和T字头材料，故冠YT字样。
如图1所示，一种活性、轻质、防火、无网型的YT无机活性墙体保温材料，由内到外依次包括101-底层粘接层、102-中层隔热层、103-中层架构层和104-柔性表面层。
所述底层粘接层为EVA乳液，所述EVA乳液中还包括硅酸钙、氢氧化钙和粘土。
所述中层隔热层由以下重量份的原料组成：
绿松石40份、玻化微珠30份、气凝胶5份、EVA 5份、硅微粉20份。所述气凝胶为无机硅质气凝胶，具体采用中凝科技AG-D气凝胶粉体。
所述中层架构层由以下重量份的原料组成：
EVA 20份、植物蛋白纤维23份、海泡石50份、羟基纤维素7份。
所述柔性表面层由以下重量份的原料组成：
滑石粉15份、钇粉5份、硫酸钡5份、草酸钙3份、甲基纤维素2份、淀粉醚30份、晶粒玉石20份、海泡石粉20份。
所述活性、轻质、防火、无网型的YT无机活性墙体保温材料使用本领域常规制备方法制备而成。
所述活性、轻质、防火、无网型的YT无机活性墙体保温材料性能测试：
蓄能：玻化微珠保温砂浆蓄热系数国标是1.0/W/(m²K)，本产品能到达3.7/W/(m²K)优于国家标准3.7倍；导热系数国标为0.7-1.0/W/(m·K)，本产品为0.55-0.85/W/(m·K)，为目前无机类保温材料导热系数最低、蓄热系数最高的产品；
光反射：材料晶体玉石颗粒为不规则形状，具有极强的光反射作用，使得保温层表面与其他墙体比温度有很大差异，保温表层手感，夏天凉爽感，冬天温暖感，表面温度夏天低于其他墙体温度在10-30度，冬天高于其他墙体表面5-15度；调节温差效果突出；
抗裂效果：国内无机类保温材料，按照国家规范必须在保温层表面做网格布和抗裂砂浆工序，来弥补保温层的开裂问题；
抗紫外线：本产品有硫酸钡类材料，可以阻隔紫外线80%以上，医用X光照射保温样块，有硫酸钡类参加物和普通没有硫酸钡类参加物相比，阻隔紫外线在5倍以上；
透气性实验：本产品内有无机活性成分，对材料形成改性，透气性极强，空气微循环的建立，表现为室内没有憋气感室内空气交换明显，封闭实验结果没有产生霉变现象。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种活性、轻质、防火、无网型的YT无机活性墙体保温材料，其特征在于，由内到外依次包括底层粘接层、中层隔热层、中层架构层和柔性表面层；
所述中层隔热层包括以下重量份的原料：
绿松石40份、玻化微珠30份、气凝胶5份、EVA 5份、硅微粉20份；所述气凝胶为无机硅质气凝胶；
所述中层架构层包括以下重量份的原料：
EVA20份、植物蛋白纤维23份、海泡石50份、羟基纤维素7份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的活性、轻质、防火、无网型的YT无机活性墙体保温材料，其特征在于，所述底层粘接层为EVA乳液，所述EVA乳液中还包括硅酸钙、氢氧化钙或粘土中一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的活性、轻质、防火、无网型的YT无机活性墙体保温材料，其特征在于，所述柔性表面层包括以下重量份的原料：
滑石粉15份、钇粉5份、硫酸钡5份、草酸钙3份、甲基纤维素2份、淀粉醚30份、晶粒玉石20份、海泡石20份。
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