CN114508344B - Underground coal mine multi-channel measurement while drilling geosteering system and construction method - Google Patents
Underground coal mine multi-channel measurement while drilling geosteering system and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114508344B CN114508344B CN202210113152.7A CN202210113152A CN114508344B CN 114508344 B CN114508344 B CN 114508344B CN 202210113152 A CN202210113152 A CN 202210113152A CN 114508344 B CN114508344 B CN 114508344B
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/13—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
- E21B47/022—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
- E21B47/18—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves through the well fluid, e.g. mud pressure pulse telemetry
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/046—Directional drilling horizontal drilling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
- F03B3/12—Blades; Blade-carrying rotors
- F03B3/126—Rotors for essentially axial flow, e.g. for propeller turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
- F03B3/16—Stators
- F03B3/18—Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
- H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
- H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2210/00—Working fluid
- F05B2210/10—Kind or type
- F05B2210/13—Kind or type mixed, e.g. two-phase fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2220/00—Application
- F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
- F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-channel measurement while drilling geosteering system and a construction method thereof under a coal mine, wherein the system comprises an in-hole device and an orifice device, and the in-hole device comprises a control unit, and an insulation pup joint, a geosteering unit, an electromagnetic wave transmission unit, a mud pulse transmission unit, a wired transmission unit and a drill rod power supply unit which are connected with the control unit; the orifice device comprises a pressure monitor, a signal receiving electrode, a display and a signal transmission line; the geological measuring unit, the control unit, the electromagnetic wave transmission unit, the mud pulse transmission unit, the wired transmission unit and the drill rod power supply unit are all arranged in a non-magnetic drill rod of the drilling tool system; the pressure monitor is installed at the liquid outlet of the slurry pump, and the signal receiving electrode is installed in the coal wall of the orifice. The invention obviously improves the stability of signal transmission during measurement while drilling in deep hole drilling. Meanwhile, the drilling track adjustment speed is high in the deep hole drilling process. The roof and floor of the coal seam are detected without opening branches, so that the drilling efficiency is obviously improved and the construction risk is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of underground coal mine tunnel drilling, and particularly relates to an underground coal mine multi-channel measurement while drilling geosteering system and a construction method.
Background
Directional drilling along a coal seam is one of effective technical approaches for coal seam gas extraction. At present, a wired measurement while drilling system is mainly adopted in underground coal mine to conduct directional drilling construction along a coal seam, in order to ensure that a drilling track extends in the coal seam, branches are required to be opened to a top plate and a bottom plate of the coal seam at proper intervals in the drilling process so as to predict the boundary of the coal seam, and the drilling construction technology has several problems: ① The transmission reliability of the wired measurement while drilling signal in deep hole drilling is low, and the application in deep hole drilling is limited; ② The drilling complexity is increased, the construction risk is increased, and the drilling efficiency is reduced when the branches are opened to the top and bottom plates of the coal bed to detect the boundary of the coal bed.
Therefore, the designer of the invention has the defects that the experience and achievement of related industries are comprehensively engaged through intensive research and design, and the multi-channel measurement-while-drilling geosteering system and the using method of the underground coal mine are researched and designed to overcome the defects of the application of the wired measurement-while-drilling system in the construction of directional drilling along the coal seam.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a multi-channel measurement while drilling geosteering system and a construction method for a coal mine underground, which are used for solving the technical problems that the stability of signal transmission is poor in deep hole drilling when the wired measurement while drilling system is used for directional drilling construction along a coal seam, and the construction risk is increased and the drilling efficiency is reduced when the branch is opened for the operation of a top and bottom plate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The underground coal mine multi-channel measurement while drilling geosteering system comprises an in-hole device and an orifice device, wherein the in-hole device comprises a control unit, and an insulation nipple, a geological measurement unit, an electromagnetic wave transmission unit, a mud pulse transmission unit, a wired transmission unit and a drill rod power supply unit which are connected with the control unit; the orifice device comprises a pressure monitor, a signal receiving electrode, a display and a signal transmission line; the geological measuring unit, the control unit, the electromagnetic wave transmission unit, the mud pulse transmission unit, the wired transmission unit and the drill rod power supply unit are all arranged in a non-magnetic drill rod of the drilling tool system; the pressure monitor is arranged at the liquid outlet of the slurry pump and is connected with the display through a signal transmission line, and receives a slurry pulse signal sent by the slurry pulse transmission unit and sends the slurry pulse signal to the display; the signal receiving electrode is arranged in the coal wall of the orifice, two ends of the signal transmission line are respectively connected with the signal receiving electrode and the central cable drill rod, and two ends form an electromagnetic wave signal receiving terminal for receiving electromagnetic wave signals transmitted by the electromagnetic wave transmission unit; the display is connected with a cable in the cable drill rod at the center of the orifice through a signal transmission line so as to receive a wired measurement signal transmitted by the wired transmission unit;
The geological measurement unit comprises a drilling track parameter measurement module and a natural gamma measurement module, wherein the drilling track parameter measurement module is used for measuring drilling track parameters, and the natural gamma measurement module is used for measuring natural gamma information of coal measure formations; the geological measuring unit is respectively connected with the mud pulse transmission unit and the wired transmission unit;
The control unit is used for controlling the measurement, power supply and signal emission modes of parameters in the hole, and is also used for monitoring the power supply condition of the display to the device in the hole and monitoring the rotating speed of the device in the hole;
The wired transmission unit transmits wired measurement signals through a wired channel formed by the drill rod power supply unit and the central cable-through drill rod, and transmits drilling track parameters and natural gamma information of coal formations measured by the geological measurement unit; the cable transmission unit is connected with the center cable and the side wall of the center cable drill rod;
The mud pulse transmission unit is used for transmitting mud pulse signals and transmitting drilling track parameters and natural gamma information of the coal measure stratum, which are measured by the geological measurement unit;
The electromagnetic wave transmission unit utilizes signal transmitting poles formed by blocking of the insulating pup joint to transmit electromagnetic wave signals;
the drill rod power supply unit is used for converting hydraulic energy of flushing fluid in the central cable drill rod into electric energy to supply power for the in-hole device, and storing the electric energy when the in-hole device does not need to be supplied with power;
the non-magnetic drill rod is used for providing a non-magnetic measuring environment for the geological measuring unit;
The pressure monitor is used for monitoring the pressure change of the liquid outlet of the slurry pump and receiving the slurry pulse signal transmitted by the slurry pulse transmission unit, and transmits the slurry pulse signal to the display through the signal transmission line.
Further, one end of the signal receiving electrode is inserted into the coal wall at the orifice, the other end of the signal receiving electrode is connected with the display through the signal transmission line, the display is connected with the outer wall of the orifice center cable drill rod through the signal transmission line, and the display can receive electromagnetic wave signals emitted by the electromagnetic wave transmission unit through monitoring the voltage between the signal receiving electrode and the outer wall of the orifice center cable drill rod.
Further, the drill rod power supply unit comprises a shell, wherein a stator turbine, a rotor turbine, a power generation assembly, a control assembly, an energy storage assembly, a side wall cable and a central wire passing assembly are sequentially installed in the shell. The stator turbine inner wall is uniformly provided with a plurality of guide vanes, and the tangential direction of the guide vanes has a certain angle with the flushing fluid flow direction; the rotor turbine is rotatably arranged on the inner wall of the shell through a circumferentially arranged bearing, a plurality of guide vanes are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the rotor turbine, and the tangential direction of the guide vanes and the flushing fluid flow direction have a certain angle; the power generation assembly is connected with the rotor turbine through a transmission shaft, and is driven to rotate by the rotor turbine so as to generate electric energy; the control component is used for monitoring the working state of the power generation component; the energy storage component is used for storing electric energy; the central cable passing component is a cable, and two ends of the central cable passing component are respectively connected with the transmission unit and a central cable passing drill rod; the side wall cable is connected with the central cable and used for transmitting electric energy to the in-hole device.
Further, the included angle between the tangential direction of the guide vane of the stator turbine and the flow direction of flushing fluid is 20-30 degrees.
Further, the included angle between the tangential direction of the guide vane of the rotor turbine and the flow direction of the flushing fluid is 40-50 degrees.
Further, the stator turbine is in interference fit with the inner wall of the shell, the bearing arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotor turbine is arranged on the inner wall of the shell in a threaded connection mode, the power generation assembly adopts a generator, and the energy storage assembly adopts a rechargeable battery pack.
On the other hand, the invention provides a construction method for directional drilling along a coal seam by adopting the underground coal mine multi-channel measurement while drilling geosteering system, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: in the drilling process of the shallow hole section of the near-horizontal directional drilling, a slurry pump is used for pumping flushing fluid into the hole, and a drill rod power supply unit is driven to supply power for a device in the hole; simultaneously, the geological measuring unit measures drilling track parameters and natural gamma information of the coal measure stratum in real time, and a wired transmission unit is utilized to send wired measuring signals to the orifice; the display receives the wired measurement signals through the signal transmission line and displays drilling track parameters and natural gamma information after processing the wired measurement signals, so as to monitor the relative distance between the drilling track and the top and bottom plates of the coal seam and keep the drilling track extending in the middle of the coal seam; the shallow hole section refers to a hole section with stable signal transmission capacity of the wired transmission unit;
Step 2: the control unit monitors whether the display of the orifice supplies power to the in-hole device in real time, if yes, the wired transmission unit is continuously adopted for signal transmission, and the real-time monitoring is kept, otherwise, the control unit judges that the deep hole section is entered, the signal transmission capability of the wired transmission unit is not stable enough, and the step 3 is entered at the moment;
Step 3: the control unit switches the electromagnetic wave transmission unit and the mud pulse transmission unit according to the rotating speed of the drilling machine and the rotating speed maintaining time; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the working mode monitoring circuit of the control unit monitors the rotating speed of the device in the hole in real time, and when the monitored rotating speed reaches a rotating speed threshold A and the monitored rotating speed keeping time reaches a threshold C, a mud pulse transmission unit is utilized to transmit a measuring signal, and the step is carried out to carry out near-horizontal directional drilling deep hole section construction; when the monitoring rotating speed reaches a threshold value B and the monitoring rotating speed keeping time reaches a threshold value C, the electromagnetic wave transmission unit is utilized to transmit a measuring signal, and the step 5 is entered for near-horizontal directional drilling deep hole section construction.
Further, in the step 3, the rotation speed threshold B is twice the rotation speed threshold a.
Further, the specific operation of performing the near-horizontal directional drilling deep hole section construction in the step 4 is as follows:
In the near-horizontal directional drilling deep hole section drilling process, a slurry pump is used for pumping flushing fluid into a hole, a drill rod power supply unit is driven to supply power for a hole device, meanwhile, a geological measuring unit is used for measuring drilling track parameters and natural gamma information of a coal measure stratum in real time, and a slurry pulse transmission unit is used for sending a slurry pulse signal to a hole opening; the pressure monitor receives the mud pulse signal and transmits the mud pulse signal to the display through a signal transmission line ② so as to monitor the drilling track; when the coal-series stratum natural gamma information is adopted to monitor that the drilling track extends in the middle of the coal seam, the mud pulse transmission unit is continuously used for transmitting drilling track parameters and the coal-series stratum natural gamma information; the deep hole section refers to a hole section which cannot meet the signal transmission requirement due to unstable signals of the wired transmission unit.
Further, the specific operation of performing the near-horizontal directional drilling deep hole section construction in the step 5 is as follows:
In the near-horizontal directional drilling deep hole section drilling process, a slurry pump is used for pumping flushing fluid into a hole, a drill rod power supply unit is driven to supply power for a hole device, meanwhile, a geological measurement unit is used for measuring drilling track parameters and natural gamma information of a coal-based stratum in real time, and when the drilling track is monitored and displayed to be close to a coal seam roof or floor by adopting the natural gamma information of the coal-based stratum, an electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted to an orifice in real time by an electromagnetic wave transmission unit; the display receives electromagnetic wave signals through a signal transmission line ③ connected with the central cable drill rod and the signal receiving electrode, and displays drilling tracks and natural gamma information in real time after the electromagnetic wave signals are processed so as to monitor the relative distance between the drilling tracks and the top and bottom plates of the coal seam; simultaneously, the facing angle of the screw motor tool is adjusted, so that the drilling track is adjusted towards the middle part of the coal seam.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
(1) The stability of measurement while drilling signal transmission in deep hole drilling is obviously improved. In the deep hole drilling process, when the transmission stability of the wired signal is poor, the wired transmission channel is switched into a wireless transmission channel (electromagnetic wave or mud pulse), so that the stability of the measurement while drilling signal in deep hole drilling can be ensured.
(2) The drilling track adjustment speed is high in the deep hole drilling process. In the deep hole drilling process, when the drilling track is close to the top and bottom plates of the coal seam, the electromagnetic wave signal is used for transmitting drilling track parameters and natural gamma information of the coal-based stratum, so that the drilling track is quickly adjusted, and the drilling track adjusting speed is high.
(3) The roof and floor of the coal seam are detected without opening branches, so that the drilling efficiency is obviously improved and the construction risk is low. The natural gamma information of the coal measure strata can be rapidly acquired by automatically judging and realizing the switching of various modes, the distance between the drilling hole and the top and bottom plates of the coal measure strata can be monitored, the drilling track can be ensured to extend in the middle of the coal measure strata in a long distance, the top and bottom plates of the coal measure strata do not need to be detected by opening branches, the drilling efficiency is remarkably improved, and the construction risk is obviously reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-channel measurement while drilling geosteering system downhole in a coal mine.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the power supply unit of the drill rod.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a wireless channel switching principle.
The meaning of each reference numeral in the drawings: 1.1-in-hole device, 1.2-orifice device, 1-drill bit, 2-screw motor, 3-gap sub, 4-geological survey unit, 5-control unit, 6-electromagnetic wave transmission unit, 7-mud pulse transmission unit, 8-wired transmission unit, 9-nonmagnetic drill pipe, 10-drill pipe power supply unit, 11-center cable drill pipe, 12-mud pump, 13-pressure monitor, 14-signal receiving electrode, 15-display, ①、②、③ -signal transmission line, 101-housing, 102-stator turbine, 103-rotor turbine, 104-bearing, 105-power generation assembly, 106-control assembly, 107-energy storage assembly, 108-sidewall cable, 109-center wire passing assembly.
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawing and the specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a drilling tool system applied to the underground coal mine multi-channel measurement while drilling geosteering system of the present invention comprises a drill bit 1, a screw motor 2, a non-magnetic drill rod 9, a central cable drill rod 11 and a slurry pump 12 which are sequentially connected, wherein the structure of the drilling tool system is common, and all components are products known in the art.
The invention discloses a multi-channel measurement while drilling geosteering system for a coal mine, which comprises an in-hole device 1.1 and an orifice device 1.2, wherein the in-hole device 1.1 comprises a control unit 5, and a gap nipple 3, a geological measuring unit 4, an electromagnetic wave transmission unit 6, a mud pulse transmission unit 7, a wired transmission unit 8 and a drill rod power supply unit 10 which are connected with the control unit 5; the orifice device 1.2 comprises a pressure monitor 13, a signal receiving electrode 14, a display 15 and a signal transmission line ①～③. In the specific application, the geological measuring unit 4, the control unit 5, the electromagnetic wave transmission unit 6, the mud pulse transmission unit 7, the wired transmission unit 8 and the drill rod power supply unit 10 are all arranged in the nonmagnetic drill rod 9 of the drilling tool system; the pressure monitor 13 is arranged at the liquid outlet of the slurry pump 12 and is connected with the display 15 through a signal transmission line ②, and receives a slurry pulse signal sent by the slurry pulse transmission unit 7 and sends the slurry pulse signal to the display 15; the signal receiving electrode 14 is arranged in the coal wall of the hole, two ends of the signal transmission line ③ are respectively connected with the signal receiving electrode 14 and the central cable drill rod 11, and two ends form an electromagnetic wave signal receiving terminal for receiving electromagnetic wave signals emitted by the electromagnetic wave transmission unit 6; the display 15 is connected to the cable in the center-of-bore cable drill rod 11 via a signal transmission line ① to receive the wired measurement signals transmitted by the wired transmission unit 8. Wherein:
The geological measuring unit 4 comprises a drilling track parameter measuring module and a natural gamma measuring module, wherein the drilling track parameter measuring module is used for measuring drilling track parameters (including a drilling inclination angle, an azimuth angle and a tool facing angle of the screw motor 2), and the natural gamma measuring module is used for measuring natural gamma information of the coal measure stratum; the geological measuring unit 4 is respectively connected with the electromagnetic wave transmission unit 6, the mud pulse transmission unit 7 and the wired transmission unit 8;
The control unit 5 is used for controlling the measurement, power supply and signal emission modes of parameters in the hole, and is also used for monitoring the power supply condition of the display 15 to the in-hole device 1.1 and monitoring the rotating speed of the in-hole device 1.1;
the wired transmission unit 8 transmits wired measurement signals through a wired channel formed by the drill rod power supply unit 10 and the central cable-through drill rod 11, and transmits drilling track parameters and natural gamma information of coal formations measured by the geological measurement unit 4; the cable transmission unit 8 is connected with a center cable of the center cable drill rod 11 and the side wall;
the mud pulse transmission unit 7 is used for transmitting mud pulse signals and transmitting drilling track parameters and natural gamma information of the coal measure stratum, which are measured by the geological measurement unit 4;
The electromagnetic wave transmission unit 6 utilizes the signal transmitting two poles formed by the isolation of the insulating pup joint 3 to transmit electromagnetic wave signals and transmit drilling track parameters and coal measure stratum natural gamma information measured by the geological measurement unit 4;
the drill rod power supply unit 10 is used for converting hydraulic energy of flushing fluid in the central cable drill rod 11 into electric energy to supply power for the in-hole device 1.1, and storing the electric energy when the in-hole device 1.1 does not need to be supplied with power;
the nonmagnetic drill rod 9 is used for providing a nonmagnetic measuring environment for the geological measuring unit 4;
The pressure monitor 13 is used for monitoring the pressure change of the liquid outlet of the slurry pump 12, and is used for receiving the slurry pulse signal emitted by the slurry pulse transmission unit 7, and transmitting the slurry pulse signal to the display 15 through the signal transmission line ②.
Preferably, one end of the signal receiving electrode 14 is inserted into the coal wall at the hole, the other end is connected with the display 15 through the signal transmission line ③, the display 15 is connected with the outer wall of the hole center cable drill rod 11 through the signal transmission line ③, and the display 15 can receive the electromagnetic wave signal emitted by the electromagnetic wave transmission unit 6 by monitoring the voltage between the signal receiving electrode 14 and the outer wall of the hole center cable drill rod 11.
Referring to fig. 2, as a preferred mode of the present invention, the drill rod power supply unit 10 includes a housing 101, and a stator turbine 102, a rotor turbine 103, a power generation assembly 105, a control assembly 106, an energy storage assembly 107, a sidewall cable 108, and a center line assembly 109 are sequentially installed inside the housing 101. Wherein, a plurality of guide vanes are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the stator turbine 102, and the included angle between the tangential direction of the guide vanes and the flow direction of flushing fluid is 20-30 degrees; the rotor turbine 103 is rotatably arranged on the inner wall of the shell 101 through a circumferentially arranged bearing 104, a plurality of guide vanes are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the rotor turbine 103, and the included angle between the length tangent of each guide vane and the flow direction of flushing fluid is 40-50 degrees; the power generation assembly 105 is connected with the rotor turbine 103 through a transmission shaft, and is driven to rotate by the rotor turbine 103 to generate electric energy; the control component 106 is used for monitoring the working state of the power generation component 105 so as to stably supply power; the energy storage component 107 is used for storing electric energy; the central cable passing assembly 109 is a cable, and two ends of the central cable passing assembly are respectively connected with the transmission unit 8 and a central cable passing drill rod 11; the sidewall cable 109 connects to the central cable for transmitting electrical energy to the in-hole device 1.1.
In the above technical solution, the medium in the slurry pump 12 flows through the central through hole of the housing 108 to flow through the stator turbine 102, and the tangential direction of the guide vane on the stator turbine 102 forms a certain angle with the flow direction of the flushing fluid to change the flow direction of the flushing fluid, so as to improve the power generation efficiency; the rotor turbine 103 rotates under flushing liquid flushing, the power generation assembly 105 is driven by the rotor turbine 103 to rotate to generate electric energy, the generated electric energy is sent to the hole device 1.1 through the side wall cable 109, and surplus electric energy is stored by the energy storage assembly 107 for standby.
Preferably, the stator turbine 102 is an interference fit with the inner wall of the housing 101. The bearing 104 circumferentially arranged on the rotor turbine 103 is mounted on the inner wall of the shell 101 in a threaded connection mode, the threaded connection mode is stable, stability of the rotor turbine 103 is maintained, and the rotor turbine 103 is easy to replace when damaged. The power generation assembly 105 employs a generator. The energy storage assembly 107 employs a rechargeable battery pack.
The multi-channel measurement while drilling geosteering system is used for directional drilling construction along a coal seam, and comprises the following steps:
Step 1: in the process of drilling the shallow hole section of the near-horizontal directional drilling, a slurry pump 12 is used for pumping flushing fluid into the hole, and a drill rod power supply unit 10 is driven to supply power for the hole device 1.1; simultaneously, the geological measuring unit 4 measures drilling track parameters and natural gamma information of the coal measure stratum in real time, and a wired transmission unit 8 is utilized to send wired measuring signals to the orifice; the display 15 receives the wired measurement signals via the signal transmission line ① and processes them to display borehole trajectory parameters and natural gamma information. The method is used for monitoring the relative distance between the drilling track and the top and bottom plates of the coal bed, and the drilling track is kept to extend in the middle of the coal bed. The shallow hole section refers to a hole section with stable signal transmission capability of the wired transmission unit 8.
Step 2: the control unit 5 monitors whether the display 15 of the orifice supplies power to the in-hole device 1.1 in real time, if yes, the wired transmission unit 8 is continuously adopted for signal transmission, and the real-time monitoring is kept, otherwise, the signal transmission capability of the wired transmission unit 8 is not stable enough when the deep hole section is judged to be entered, and the step 3 is entered;
Step 3: the control unit 5 switches the electromagnetic wave transmission unit 6 and the mud pulse transmission unit 7 according to the rotating speed of the drilling machine and the rotating speed maintaining time; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the working mode monitoring circuit of the control unit 5 monitors the rotating speed of the device 1.1 in the hole in real time, and when the monitored rotating speed reaches a rotating speed threshold A and the monitored rotating speed holding time reaches a threshold C, a measuring signal is transmitted by using the mud pulse transmission unit 7, and the step 4 is entered; when the monitored rotation speed reaches the threshold value B and the monitored rotation speed holding time reaches the threshold value C, the electromagnetic wave transmission unit 6 is utilized to transmit a measurement signal, and the step 5 is entered.
Wherein, rotational speed threshold A, B and rotational speed hold time threshold C, rotational speed threshold B is twice rotational speed threshold A. Preferably, A is 40r/min, B is 80r/min, and C is 30 seconds.
Step 4: in the near-horizontal directional drilling deep hole section drilling process, a slurry pump 12 is utilized to pump flushing fluid into a hole, a drill rod power supply unit 10 is driven to supply power for the device 1.1 in the hole, meanwhile, a geological measuring unit 4 measures drilling track parameters and natural gamma information of a coal measure stratum in real time, and a slurry pulse transmission unit 7 is utilized to send a slurry pulse signal to an orifice. The pressure monitor 13 receives the mud pulse signal and transmits it to the display 15 via signal transmission line ② to monitor the borehole trajectory. When the coal-series stratum natural gamma information is adopted to monitor that the drilling track extends in the middle of the coal seam, the mud pulse transmission unit 7 is continuously used for transmitting drilling track parameters and the coal-series stratum natural gamma information. The deep hole section refers to a hole section which cannot meet the signal transmission requirement due to unstable signals of the wired transmission unit 8.
Step 5: in the near-horizontal directional drilling deep hole section drilling process, a slurry pump 12 is utilized to pump flushing fluid into a hole, a drill rod power supply unit 10 is driven to supply power for an in-hole device 1.1, meanwhile, a geological measurement unit 4 measures drilling track parameters and natural gamma information of a coal-based stratum in real time, and when the drilling track is monitored and displayed to be close to a coal seam roof or floor by adopting the natural gamma information of the coal-based stratum, an electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted to an orifice in real time by an electromagnetic wave transmission unit 6; the display 15 receives electromagnetic wave signals through a signal transmission line ③ connecting the central cable drill rod 11 and the signal receiving electrode 14, and displays drilling tracks and natural gamma information in real time after the electromagnetic wave signals are processed so as to monitor the relative distance between the drilling tracks and the top and bottom plates of the coal seam; simultaneously, the tool facing angle of the screw motor 2 is adjusted, so that the drilling track is adjusted towards the middle part of the coal seam.
Although terms of in-hole devices, orifice devices, drills, screw motors, gap sub, geological survey units, control units, electromagnetic wave transmission units, mud pulse transmission units, wired transmission units, drill pipe power supply units, nonmagnetic drill pipes, center cable drill pipes, mud pumps, pressure monitors, signal receiving electrodes, displays, signal transmission lines, drill pipe power supply unit housings, stator turbines, rotor turbines, bearings, power generation assemblies, control assemblies, energy storage assemblies, sidewall cables, center line assemblies, etc. are used in the present invention to a large extent, the use of other terms is not precluded. These terms are only used to more conveniently describe and explain the nature of the invention and should be construed in a manner consistent with their spirit and scope.
Claims (9)
1. The underground coal mine multi-channel measurement while drilling geosteering system is characterized by comprising an in-hole device (1.1) and an orifice device (1.2), wherein the in-hole device (1.1) comprises a control unit (5), and an insulating nipple (3), a geological measuring unit (4), an electromagnetic wave transmission unit (6), a mud pulse transmission unit (7), a wired transmission unit (8) and a drill rod power supply unit (10) which are connected with the control unit; the orifice device (1.2) comprises a pressure monitor (13), a signal receiving electrode (14), a display (15) and a signal transmission line ①~③; the geological measuring unit (4), the control unit (5), the electromagnetic wave transmission unit (6), the mud pulse transmission unit (7), the wired transmission unit (8) and the drill rod power supply unit (10) are all arranged in a non-magnetic drill rod (9) of the drilling tool system; the pressure monitor (13) is arranged at the liquid outlet of the slurry pump (12) and is connected with the display (15) through the signal transmission line ②, and receives the slurry pulse signal sent by the slurry pulse transmission unit (7) and sends the slurry pulse signal to the display (15); the signal receiving electrode (14) is arranged in the coal wall of the orifice, two ends of the signal transmission line ③ are respectively connected with the signal receiving electrode (14) and the central cable drill rod (11), and two ends form an electromagnetic wave signal receiving terminal for receiving electromagnetic wave signals transmitted by the electromagnetic wave transmission unit (6); the display (15) is connected with a cable in the hole center cable drill rod (11) through a signal transmission line ① so as to receive a wired measurement signal transmitted by the wired transmission unit (8);
The geological measurement unit (4) comprises a drilling track parameter measurement module and a natural gamma measurement module, wherein the drilling track parameter measurement module is used for measuring drilling track parameters, and the natural gamma measurement module is used for measuring natural gamma information of coal formations; the geological measuring unit (4) is respectively connected with the mud pulse transmission unit (7) and the wired transmission unit (8);
The control unit (5) is used for controlling the measurement, power supply and signal emission modes of parameters in the hole, and is also used for monitoring the power supply condition of the display (15) to the in-hole device (1.1) and the rotating speed of the in-hole device (1.1);
the wired transmission unit (8) transmits wired measurement signals through a wired channel formed by the drill rod power supply unit (10) and the central cable-through drill rod (11) and transmits drilling track parameters and coal-based stratum natural gamma information measured by the geological measurement unit (4); the cable transmission unit (8) is connected with a central cable of the central cable drill rod (11) and the side wall;
The mud pulse transmission unit (7) is used for transmitting mud pulse signals and transmitting drilling track parameters and coal measure stratum natural gamma information measured by the geological measurement unit (4);
The electromagnetic wave transmission unit (6) is used for blocking the formed signal transmitting two poles by using the insulating pup joint (3) and transmitting electromagnetic wave signals and transmitting drilling track parameters and coal measure stratum natural gamma information measured by the geological measurement unit (4);
The drill rod power supply unit (10) is used for converting hydraulic energy of flushing fluid in the central cable drill rod (11) into electric energy to supply power for the in-hole device (1.1) and storing the electric energy when the in-hole device (1.1) does not need to be supplied with power;
The non-magnetic drill rod (9) is used for providing a non-magnetic measuring environment for the geological measuring unit (4);
The pressure monitor (13) is used for monitoring the pressure change of the liquid outlet of the slurry pump (12) and receiving a slurry pulse signal transmitted by the slurry pulse transmission unit (7) and transmitting the slurry pulse signal to the display (15) through the signal transmission line ②;
The drill rod power supply unit (10) comprises a shell (101), wherein a stator turbine (102), a rotor turbine (103), a power generation assembly (105), a control assembly (106), an energy storage assembly (107), a side wall cable (108) and a central wire passing assembly (109) are sequentially arranged in the shell (101), a plurality of guide vanes are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the stator turbine (102), and the tangential directions of the guide vanes and the flushing fluid flow direction are at a certain angle; the rotor turbine (103) is rotatably arranged on the inner wall of the shell (101) through a circumferentially arranged bearing (104), a plurality of guide vanes are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the rotor turbine (103), and the tangential direction of the guide vanes and the flushing fluid flow direction have a certain angle; the power generation assembly (105) is connected with the rotor turbine (103) through a transmission shaft, and is driven to rotate by the rotor turbine (103) to generate electric energy; the power generation system comprises a power generation assembly (105), a control assembly (106) and an energy storage assembly (107), wherein the power generation assembly (105) is used for monitoring the working state of the power generation assembly, the energy storage assembly (107) is used for storing electric energy, a central wire passing assembly (109) is a central cable, two ends of the central wire passing assembly are respectively connected with a transmission unit (8) and a central cable through drill rod (11), and a side wall cable (108) is connected with the central cable and used for transmitting the electric energy to an in-hole device (1.1).
2. The underground coal mine multi-channel measurement while drilling geosteering system of claim 1, wherein the signal receiving electrode (14) is inserted into the coal wall at the aperture at one end and connected to the display (15) at the other end via a signal transmission line ③, the display (15) is connected to the outer wall of the central cable drill rod (11) of the aperture via a signal transmission line ③, and the display (15) is capable of receiving electromagnetic wave signals emitted by the electromagnetic wave transmission unit (6) by monitoring the voltage between the signal receiving electrode (14) and the outer wall of the central cable drill rod (11) of the aperture.
3. The multi-channel measurement while drilling geosteering system of claim 1, wherein the stator turbine (102) has a tangential direction of the guide vanes at an angle of 20 ° to 30 ° to the flow direction of the flushing fluid.
4. The multi-channel measurement while drilling geosteering system in a coal mine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tangential direction of the guide vanes of the rotor turbine (103) is at an angle of 40-50 ° to the flow direction of the flushing fluid.
5. The underground coal mine multi-channel measurement while drilling geosteering system of claim 1, wherein the stator turbine (102) is in interference fit with the inner wall of the housing (101), the circumferentially disposed bearings (104) of the rotor turbine (103) are mounted on the inner wall of the housing (101) in a threaded connection manner, the power generation assembly (105) is a generator, and the energy storage assembly (107) is a rechargeable battery pack.
6. A construction method for directional drilling along a coal seam by using the multi-channel measurement while drilling geosteering system in a coal mine well according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: in the process of drilling a shallow hole section of the near-horizontal directional drilling, a slurry pump (12) is used for pumping flushing fluid into the hole, and a drill rod power supply unit (10) is driven to supply power for a hole device (1.1); simultaneously, a geological measuring unit (4) measures drilling track parameters and natural gamma information of the coal measure stratum in real time, and a wired transmission unit (8) is utilized to send wired measuring signals to the orifice; the display (15) receives the wired measurement signals through the signal transmission line ①, processes the wired measurement signals and displays drilling track parameters and natural gamma information, so as to monitor the relative distance between the drilling track and the top and bottom plates of the coal seam and keep the drilling track extending in the middle of the coal seam; the shallow hole section is a hole section with stable signal transmission capacity of the wired transmission unit (8);
Step 2: the control unit (5) monitors whether the display (15) of the orifice supplies power to the in-hole device (1.1) in real time, if yes, the wired transmission unit (8) is continuously adopted for signal transmission, and the real-time monitoring is kept, otherwise, the control unit judges that the deep hole section is entered, the signal transmission capability of the wired transmission unit (8) is not stable enough, and the step (3) is entered at the moment;
Step 3: the control unit (5) switches the electromagnetic wave transmission unit (6) and the mud pulse transmission unit (7) according to the rotating speed and the rotating speed maintaining time of the drilling machine; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the working mode monitoring circuit of the control unit (5) monitors the rotating speed of the device (1.1) in the hole in real time, when the monitored rotating speed reaches a rotating speed threshold A and the monitored rotating speed keeping time reaches a threshold C, a mud pulse transmission unit (7) is used for transmitting a measuring signal, and the step 4 is carried out for constructing the deep hole section of the near-horizontal directional drilling; when the monitoring rotating speed reaches a threshold value B and the monitoring rotating speed keeping time reaches a threshold value C, an electromagnetic wave transmission unit (6) is utilized to transmit a measuring signal, and the step 5 is entered for carrying out near-horizontal directional drilling deep hole section construction.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein in step 3, the rotation speed threshold B is twice the rotation speed threshold a.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the specific operation of performing the near horizontal directional drilling deep hole section construction of step 4 is as follows:
In the near-horizontal directional drilling deep hole section drilling process, a slurry pump 12 is utilized to pump flushing fluid into a hole, a drill rod power supply unit (10) is driven to supply power for a hole device (1.1), meanwhile, a geological measuring unit (4) measures drilling track parameters and natural gamma information of a coal measure stratum in real time, and a slurry pulse transmission unit (7) is utilized to send a slurry pulse signal to a hole opening; the pressure monitor (13) receives the mud pulse signal and transmits the mud pulse signal to the display (15) through the signal transmission line ② so as to monitor the drilling track; when the coal measure stratum natural gamma information is adopted to monitor that the drilling track extends in the middle of the coal seam, a mud pulse transmission unit (7) is continuously used for transmitting drilling track parameters and the coal measure stratum natural gamma information, wherein the deep hole section refers to a hole section which cannot meet the signal transmission requirement due to unstable signals of a wired transmission unit (8).
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the specific operation of performing the near horizontal directional drilling deep hole section construction of step 5 is as follows:
In the near-horizontal directional drilling deep hole section drilling process, a slurry pump (12) is used for pumping flushing fluid into a hole, a drill rod power supply unit (10) is driven to supply power for a hole device (1.1), meanwhile, a geological measurement unit (4) measures drilling track parameters and coal-based stratum natural gamma information in real time, and when the coal-based stratum natural gamma information is adopted to monitor and display that a drilling track is close to a coal seam roof or floor, an electromagnetic wave transmission unit (6) is used for transmitting electromagnetic wave signals to a hole opening in real time; the display (15) receives electromagnetic wave signals through a signal transmission line ③ which is connected with the central cable drill rod (11) and the signal receiving electrode (14), and displays drilling tracks and natural gamma information in real time after the electromagnetic wave signals are processed so as to monitor the relative distance between the drilling tracks and the top and bottom plates of the coal seam; simultaneously, the tool face angle of the screw motor (2) is adjusted, so that the drilling track is adjusted towards the middle part of the coal seam.
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| CN115450606B (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2024-06-28 | 中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司 | Underground coal mine composite power supply all-condition multi-parameter measurement while drilling system and method |
| CN118393602B (en) * | 2024-04-18 | 2025-03-07 | 伟卓石油科技(北京)有限公司 | Track correction method, azimuth gamma probe and logging instrument |
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