CN114505799A - Crankshaft and piston connecting rod set assembling tool of engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an engine crankshaft and piston connecting rod assembly assembly tooling, comprising: a tooling platform, an engine assembly station is arranged on the platform, and the engine assembly station is provided with a crankshaft assembly hole that penetrates the platform up and down; a platform bracket, It is vertically fixed on one side of the tooling platform, and its outer side is provided with a positioner flange connection plate; the crankshaft rotation drive mechanism is located on one side of the engine assembly station, and is provided with a main journal of the crankshaft. The matching crankshaft sleeve, the crankshaft sleeve is provided with a crankshaft sleeve rotation drive device and a crankshaft sleeve horizontal movement drive device; the piston connecting rod group guide mechanism is arranged on the bottom surface of the tooling platform, and is provided with a vertical A guide rod, the guide rod is located below the crankshaft assembling hole, and the guide rod is provided with a guide rod moving up and down driving device and a guide rod horizontal moving driving device. The invention cooperates with the industrial robot and the positioner to realize the automatic assembly of the crankshaft and the piston connecting rod group of different engines.

Description

An engine crankshaft and piston connecting rod assembly assembly tool

technical field

The invention relates to a crankshaft and a piston connecting rod assembly assembly tool for an engine, and belongs to the technical field of engine assembly.

Background technique

In the prior art, the crankshaft and the piston connecting rod group of the engine are usually assembled into the engine body by manual assembly or semi-automatic assembly, which has low assembly efficiency and high labor intensity. The rotation or the deflection of the piston connecting rod group during the insertion of the cylinder causes the crankshaft's connecting rod journal and the connecting rod big end to be unable to be accurately aligned, resulting in the inability of the piston connecting rod group and the crankshaft to achieve fast and effective assembly, affecting the assembly efficiency. .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides an engine crankshaft and piston connecting rod assembly assembly tool, which can cooperate with an industrial robot and a positioner to realize the automatic assembly operation of the engine crankshaft and the piston connecting rod assembly. efficient.

The technical solution of the present invention to achieve the above object is: a crankshaft and piston connecting rod assembly tooling for an engine, comprising:

The tooling platform has an engine assembly station on the platform, and the engine assembly station is provided with a crankshaft assembly hole that penetrates the platform up and down;

The platform bracket, in the shape of a plate, is vertically fixed on one side of the tooling platform, the plate surface is perpendicular to the table surface of the tooling platform, and the outer side is provided with a positioner flange connection plate;

The crankshaft rotation drive mechanism is arranged on one side of the engine assembly station, and is provided with a crankshaft sleeve matched with the main journal of the crankshaft. The horizontal movement drive device of the crankshaft sleeve which moves horizontally and linearly;

The piston connecting rod group guide mechanism is arranged on the bottom surface of the tooling platform, and is provided with a vertical guide rod. The guide rod is located below the crankshaft assembly hole, and its outer diameter is smaller than that of the connecting rod cover on the connecting rod. The inner diameter of the screw hole, the guide rod is provided with a guide rod up and down movement drive device that drives the guide rod to move up and down, and a guide rod horizontal movement drive device that drives the guide rod to move horizontally.

Preferably, a dust-proof partition is provided between the platform support and the flange connection plate of the positioner.

Preferably, the bottom of the platform bracket protrudes downward from the bottom surface of the tooling platform, and an oblique support rib is provided between the bottom end of the platform bracket and the bottom surface of the tooling platform.

Preferably, the crankshaft mounting hole is a rectangular hole, the length direction is along the left and right direction of the tooling platform, the length of the crankshaft mounting hole is greater than the length of the crankshaft, and the width is generally greater than the width of the crankshaft and less than the outer edge width of the engine body .

Preferably, the rotation driving device of the crankshaft sleeve is a swing cylinder, and the crankshaft sleeve is connected to the output end (output shaft or output flange) of the swing cylinder.

Preferably, the drive device for horizontal movement of the crankshaft sleeve includes a linear cylinder, a connecting plate and a connecting plate guide mechanism, the connecting plate guiding mechanism includes sliding rails and sliders that are slidably matched, and the linear cylinder and the sliding rail are fixed Set on the table surface of the tooling platform, the piston rod of the linear cylinder is parallel to the slide rail in the left-right direction, the piston rod of the linear cylinder is fixedly connected to the slider, and the connecting plate is connected to the platform. The bracket is parallel and located in the crankshaft assembly hole, and is fixedly connected to the slider through the connecting section extending outward from the top of the bracket, and the swing cylinder is fixedly connected to the plate surface of the connecting plate (assembled toward the engine). on the board in the direction of the workstation).

Further, the linear cylinder is a double-rod cylinder (double-piston-rod single-acting cylinder).

Preferably, two limit blocks are fixed on the slide rail, a space is left between the two limit blocks, and the slider is located between the two limit blocks.

Preferably, the number of the connecting plate guide mechanisms is two, which are respectively located on both sides of the crankshaft assembly hole, the connecting sections are provided on both ends of the top of the connecting plate, and the connecting plate passes through the two The connecting segments are respectively fixedly connected with the sliding blocks of the connecting plate guide mechanism on the corresponding side.

Preferably, the guide rod moving up and down driving device includes a guide rod driving cylinder, the guide rod driving cylinder is a telescopic cylinder, the piston rod of which is vertically upward, and the guide rod is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the guide rod driving cylinder superior.

Preferably, the driving device for the horizontal movement of the guide rod includes a screw rod, a stepping motor and a moving part, the screw rod is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the tooling platform through a bearing seat along the left-right direction, and the stepping motor is connected through a coupling It is connected with one end of the screw rod, the moving part is threadedly connected with the screw rod through a screw hole opened thereon, and the guide rod driving cylinder is fixedly connected to the moving part.

Further, the driving device for moving the guide rod up and down is a multi-stage cylinder group, including several cylinders, the former cylinder is connected to the piston rod of the latter cylinder, and the first cylinder is the guide rod driving cylinder, except for all the cylinders. The piston rods of other cylinders other than the first-stage cylinder are located on the side of the cylinder body facing the upper-stage cylinder, and the last-stage cylinder is fixedly connected to the moving part.

Preferably, a plurality of photoelectric sensors are arranged on the bottom surface of the tooling platform, and the plurality of photoelectric sensors are arranged in a straight line along the left-right direction and are located on one side of the screw. The number of the photoelectric sensors is the same as the number of the engine cylinders. In the same way, the position of each photoelectric sensor corresponds to the position of each cylinder when the engine is fixed on the engine assembly station. Matching photoelectric scanning parts.

Further, the photoelectric sensor can be slidably connected to the bottom surface of the tooling platform along the left and right directions, and is provided with a positioning device, so that the photoelectric sensor can flexibly adjust the setting position according to the number and position of the cylinders of different engines. .

Preferably, the moving member is provided with a moving member guiding mechanism, the moving member guiding mechanism includes a guiding shaft and a sliding member, the guiding shaft is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the tooling platform through a mounting seat and is parallel to the screw rod , the sliding member is slidably connected to the guide shaft, and the sliding member is fixedly connected to the moving member.

Preferably, the number of the guide rods is two, and the spacing between the two guide rods is the same as the spacing between the two connecting rod cover mounting screw holes on the connecting rod.

The crankshaft of the engine and the components in the connecting relationship of the assembling tool for the piston connecting rod assembly can be connected by suitable connecting pieces according to the prior art. A matching control device can be set up according to the existing technology to control related parts, devices or mechanisms, as well as joint control with other equipment (such as positioners and industrial robots).

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The invention can realize the automatic assembly of crankshafts and piston connecting rod groups of different engines when used in conjunction with industrial robots and positioners, and realize the process production operation of the engine assembly process. The assembly process does not require manual participation, and avoids the occurrence of manual assembly processes. It has the characteristics of high assembly efficiency, process standardization, low error rate and saving labor intensity;

2. The setting of the crankshaft rotation driving mechanism of the present invention can drive the crankshaft installed on the body of the engine to rotate, and when the piston connecting rod group is assembled into the cylinder, the corresponding connecting rod journal on the crankshaft can be rotated to face The direction of the corresponding cylinder (upward) ensures the accuracy of the positioning of the piston connecting rod group of the advancing cylinder and the corresponding connecting rod journal, so that after the piston connecting rod group advances the cylinder, the big end of the connecting rod can be accurately, quickly and smoothly assembled on the connecting rod On the journal, improve assembly efficiency and accuracy;

3. The setting of the guide mechanism of the piston connecting rod group of the present invention can guide and limit the piston connecting rod group through the guide rod during the process of advancing the cylinder, so as to avoid the process of the piston connecting rod group advancing the cylinder. The rotation occurs to further ensure the precise positioning of the piston connecting rod group and the corresponding connecting rod journal, so that after the piston connecting rod group is pushed into the cylinder, the big end of the connecting rod is accurately assembled on the corresponding connecting rod journal.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of another angle of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the bottom view structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the bottom view structure schematic diagram of another angle of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of part I in Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is the structural representation of part II in Fig. 3;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of part III in FIG. 4 .

Detailed ways

All directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement situation, etc. , does not constitute a limitation on the actual use direction, and if the specific posture changes, the directional indication also changes accordingly.

Referring to Figures 1-7, the present invention discloses an engine crankshaft and piston connecting rod assembly tooling, which is mainly used for the assembly of the crankshaft and piston connecting rod assembly on the engine, and can cooperate with industrial robots and positioners to realize different engines Automated assembly of crankshafts and piston rods. The assembling tool includes a tooling platform 1, a platform bracket 2, a crankshaft rotation driving mechanism and a piston connecting rod group guiding mechanism. The tooling platform is usually in the shape of a rectangular plate and is set horizontally, and an engine assembly station (the area on the table for assembling the engine) is arranged on the table, which is used to place and position the engine body. The engine body can be based on the existing The technology is bolted or clamped to the engine assembly station. The engine assembly station is provided with a crankshaft assembly hole (assembly operation hole) 3 penetrating the table top of the tooling platform up and down, which is mainly used for the crankshaft to pass through the tooling platform from bottom to top when the crankshaft is assembled to the engine body. . The platform bracket is in the shape of a plate, and is vertically fixed on the left side of the tooling platform. For connection with the output flange of the positioner. The crankshaft rotation drive mechanism is located on the right side of the engine assembly station, and is provided with a crankshaft sleeve 5 that matches the main journal of the crankshaft. The crankshaft sleeve is provided with a crankshaft sleeve rotation drive device that drives the rotation of the crankshaft sleeve and the crankshaft sleeve horizontal movement driving device that drives its horizontal left and right linear movement, when the crankshaft sleeve horizontal movement driving device drives the crankshaft sleeve to move horizontally towards the left side, the crankshaft sleeve can be fixed with the The main journal of the crankshaft of the engine at the engine assembly station realizes coaxial butt joint and radial (or circumferential) relative fixation. In practical applications, the crankshaft sleeve can be installed on the crankshaft sleeve rotating drive device , install the crankshaft sleeve rotation drive device on the crankshaft sleeve horizontal movement drive device, and the crankshaft sleeve rotation drive device is driven by the crankshaft sleeve horizontal movement drive device to move linearly left and right, thereby driving the The crankshaft sleeve moves linearly from side to side. The piston connecting rod group guide mechanism is arranged on the bottom surface of the tooling platform, and is provided with a vertical guide rod 6. The guide rod is located below the crankshaft assembly hole, and its outer diameter is smaller than that of the connecting rod on the connecting rod. The inner diameter of the cap mounting screw hole is used to guide and limit the piston connecting rod group when assembling the piston connecting rod group into the cylinder of the engine to prevent it from rotating. The guide rod is provided with a guide rod that drives it to move up and down. The driving device and the horizontal moving driving device of the guide rod that drives its horizontal left-right linear movement. In practical applications, the guide rod can be installed on the upward and downward moving driving device of the guiding rod, and the guiding rod can be installed on the vertical moving driving device. On the guide rod horizontal movement drive device, the guide rod horizontal movement drive device drives the guide rod up and down movement drive device to linearly move left and right, thereby driving the guide rod to linearly move left and right.

A dust-proof baffle 7 is preferably provided between the platform bracket and the positioner flange connection plate to isolate oil or dust, so as to avoid transferring the crankshaft and the piston connecting rod group to the body of the engine. During the process, the oil or powder in the workpiece affects the operation of the positioner.

The bottom of the platform bracket preferably protrudes downward from the bottom surface of the tooling platform, and an oblique support rib 8 is provided between the bottom end of the platform bracket and the bottom surface of the tooling platform to improve the relationship between the platform bracket and the tooling platform. The stability and support strength of the connection between the tooling platforms.

The crankshaft mounting hole is preferably a rectangular hole, and its length direction is along the left and right direction of the tooling platform. The length of the crankshaft mounting hole is greater than the length of the crankshaft, and the width is generally greater than the width of the crankshaft and less than the outer edge of the engine body. It is convenient for the crankshaft to pass through the crankshaft assembling hole when assembling the crankshaft into the engine body, and it is convenient for the engine body to be fixed on the two side tables in the width direction of the crankshaft assembling hole.

The crankshaft sleeve rotation driving device is preferably a swing cylinder 9, the crankshaft sleeve is coaxially connected to the output end (output shaft or output flange) of the swing cylinder, and the swing angle of the swing cylinder is usually not less than 180°. °.

The crankshaft sleeve horizontal movement driving device preferably includes a linear cylinder 10, a connecting plate 11 and a connecting plate guiding mechanism, the connecting plate guiding mechanism includes sliding rails 12 and sliding blocks 13, the linear cylinder and the sliding The rail is fixed on the table surface of the tooling platform, the piston rod of the linear cylinder is parallel to the slide rail in the left-right direction, and the piston rod of the linear cylinder (through a suitable connecting piece) is fixedly connected to the slider , the connecting plate is parallel to the platform support and is located in the crankshaft assembly hole, and is fixedly connected to the slider through the connecting section extending outward from the top of the connecting plate, and the swing cylinder is fixedly connected to the connecting plate. On the board surface (the board surface facing the direction of the engine assembly station). The swing cylinder and the crankshaft sleeve connected to it are also located in the crankshaft assembly hole, when the engine body is fixed on the engine assembly station and the crankshaft is assembled into the engine body , the crankshaft sleeve is coaxial with the main journal of the crankshaft.

The linear cylinder usually adopts a double-rod cylinder (double-piston-rod single-acting cylinder), which has high rigidity and precision and good running stability.

Two limit stops 14 are preferably fixed on the slide rail, and the two limit stops are usually arranged on the left half and the right half of the slide rail, respectively, and can also be set on the The specific positions of the left and right ends of the slide rail are determined by the length of the slide rail and the distance between the crankshaft sleeve and the crankshaft when the crankshaft sleeve is at the origin position. There is a gap, and the slider is located between the two limit stops. The setting positions of the two limit blocks on the slide rail generally need to meet the requirements when the slider slides to the limit block on the left side (the limit block on the left side block), the crankshaft sleeve just abuts with the crankshaft on the engine body, when the slider slides to the limit block on the right side (against the limit block on the right side) the stopper), the connecting plate will not come into contact with the right inner wall of the crankshaft mounting hole. This arrangement can effectively avoid mechanical collision caused by overtravel of the slider movement.

The limit stop can preferably slide on the slide rail, and can be relatively fixed with the slide rail by using fasteners such as locking bolts and pins according to the prior art. The left and right length of the engine (mainly referring to the length of the crankshaft) flexibly adjusts the stroke range of the crankshaft sleeve.

The number of the connecting plate guide mechanisms is preferably two, wherein one connecting plate guiding mechanism and the linear cylinder are located on one side of the crankshaft assembling hole, and the other connecting plate guiding mechanism is located on the other side of the crankshaft assembling hole , play a supporting and guiding role. Both ends of the top of the connecting plate are provided with the connecting section, and the slider of the connecting plate guiding mechanism on the same side as the linear cylinder is connected with the piston rod of the linear cylinder and the corresponding side of the connecting plate at the same time. The sliding blocks of the connecting plate guide mechanism on the different sides of the linear cylinder are only connected with the connecting segments on the corresponding side of the connecting plate.

The setting of the crankshaft rotation driving mechanism can drive the crankshaft installed on the body of the engine to rotate and fix the rotation angle. When the piston connecting rod group is assembled into the cylinder, the corresponding connecting rod journal on the crankshaft can be rotated to face The direction of the corresponding cylinder (upward) ensures the accuracy of the positioning of the piston connecting rod group of the advancing cylinder and the corresponding connecting rod journal, so that after the piston connecting rod group advances the cylinder, the big end of the connecting rod can be accurately, quickly and smoothly assembled on the connecting rod On the journal, improve assembly efficiency and accuracy.

The guide rod moving up and down driving device preferably includes a guide rod driving cylinder, the guide rod driving cylinder is a telescopic cylinder, the piston rod of which is vertically upward, and the guide rod is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the guide rod driving cylinder. When the piston connecting rod group is assembled into the body of the engine, the guide rod can be extended upward from the bottom of the tooling platform through the telescopic action of the guide rod driving the cylinder, and the guide rod can be extended from the upper side of the corresponding cylinder through the corresponding cylinder. Extend, insert the guide rod into the connecting rod cover mounting screw hole of the piston connecting rod group, in the process of pushing the piston connecting rod group into the corresponding cylinder, the guide rod is pushed into the corresponding cylinder along with the piston connecting rod group The depth of the connecting rod is gradually retracted downward, which guides and limits the piston connecting rod group, avoids the rotation of the piston connecting rod group in the process of advancing the corresponding cylinder, and further ensures the accurate positioning of the piston connecting rod group and the corresponding connecting rod journal. , after the piston connecting rod group is pushed into the cylinder, the big end of the connecting rod is accurately assembled on the corresponding connecting rod journal.

The number of the guide rods is preferably two, and the spacing between the two guide rods is the same as the spacing between the two connecting rod cover mounting screw holes on the connecting rod. When assembling and guiding the piston connecting rod group, the two guide rods are respectively inserted into the two connecting rod cover mounting screw holes on the connecting rod (each guide rod is inserted into the connecting rod cover mounting screw holes on the corresponding side of the connecting rod) ).

The guide rod horizontal movement driving device preferably includes a screw rod 15, a stepping motor 16 and a moving part 17, the screw rod is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the tooling platform through a bearing seat in the left and right direction, and the stepping motor is connected through a coupling shaft. The actuator is connected to one end of the screw rod, the moving part is threadedly connected to the screw rod through a screw hole opened thereon, and the guide rod driving cylinder is fixedly connected to the moving part. The guide rod horizontal movement driving device can drive the guide rod driving cylinder (which drives the guide rod on it) to move horizontally in the left-right direction, so that the guide rod can be aligned with the piston rod assembly to be assembled. The position (the position of the corresponding cylinder) is adapted to the assembly of the piston connecting rod group in the different cylinders on the engine block. The drive device for the horizontal movement of the guide rod may also adopt a ball screw mechanism in other suitable forms.

The driving device for moving the guide rod up and down preferably adopts a multi-stage cylinder group, which includes several cylinders. The piston rods of other cylinders other than the stage cylinder are located on the side of the cylinder body facing the upper stage cylinder, and the last stage cylinder is fixedly connected to the moving part. For example, a three-stage cylinder group is adopted, including the first-stage cylinder 18, the second-stage cylinder 19 and the third-stage cylinder 20, wherein the first-stage cylinder is the guide rod driving the cylinder, the piston rods of the second-stage cylinder and the third-stage cylinder are located on the side, and the third-stage cylinder is located on the side. The first-stage cylinder is connected to the moving part, the second-stage cylinder is connected to the piston rod of the third-stage cylinder, the first-stage cylinder is connected to the piston rod of the second-stage cylinder, and the first-stage cylinder, the second-stage cylinder and the third-stage cylinder are in the left-right direction. arrangement. When the piston rods of the primary and secondary cylinders are not extended, and only the piston rods of the third-stage cylinders are extended, the maximum stroke of the top end of the guide rod can preferably extend to 1/1/1 of the bottom-up direction in the engine cylinder. 3 position; when the piston rod of the first-stage cylinder is not extended, and the piston rod of the second-stage cylinder and the third-stage cylinder is extended, the maximum stroke of the top end of the guide rod can preferably extend to the upper half of the cylinder of the engine Position; when the piston rods of the primary, secondary and tertiary cylinders are all extended, the guide rod can pass through the cylinder of the engine, and the maximum stroke of its top end can preferably protrude from the top of the cylinder.

The moving member is preferably provided with a moving member guiding mechanism, which supports and guides the moving member. The moving member guiding mechanism includes a guiding shaft 21 and a sliding member 22, the guiding shaft is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the tooling platform through a mounting seat and is parallel to the screw rod, and the sliding member is slidably connected to the guiding shaft above, the sliding member is fixedly connected with the moving member. Preferably, the number of the moving element guide mechanisms is two, which are respectively located on both sides of the crankshaft mounting hole.

The bottom surface of the tooling platform is provided with a number of photoelectric sensors 23, which are arranged in a straight line along the left-right direction, and are located on one side of the screw. The number of the photoelectric sensors is the same as the number of the engine cylinders ( For example, if the engine to be assembled is a four-cylinder engine, the number of the photoelectric sensors is four), and the position of each photoelectric sensor corresponds to the position of each cylinder when the engine is fixed on the engine assembly station. The side of the moving member facing the photoelectric sensor is provided with a photoelectric scanning member 24 matched with the photoelectric sensor. In this way, when the guide rod driving cylinder (driving the guide rod on it) is driven by the guide rod horizontal movement driving device to move horizontally in the left-right direction, the matching photoelectric sensor and photoelectric scanning element can be passed through. The guide rod is positioned so that the guide rod can be aligned with the position of each cylinder of the engine, so as to guide the assembly of the corresponding piston connecting rod group.

The photoelectric sensor can be slidably connected to the bottom surface of the tooling platform along the left and right directions and can be disassembled. For example, the bottom surface of the tooling platform is provided with a photoelectric sensor slide rail, and the photoelectric sensor is slidably connected to the photoelectric sensor slide On the rail, the photoelectric sensor can be relatively fixed to the photoelectric sensor slide rail by using fasteners such as locking bolts and pins according to the prior art. With this arrangement, the location and number of the photoelectric sensors can be flexibly adjusted according to the difference in the number and location of the cylinders of different engines.

The crankshaft of the engine and the components in the connecting relationship of the assembling tool for the piston connecting rod assembly can be connected by suitable connecting pieces according to the prior art. A matching control device can be set up according to the existing technology to control related parts, devices or mechanisms, as well as joint control with other equipment (such as positioners and industrial robots).

The present invention cooperates with industrial robots and positioners to assemble the crankshaft and piston connecting rod group of the engine as follows (taking the assembly of a four-cylinder engine as an example):

The initial state (as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4): the table surface of the tooling platform is upward, the engine is installed on the engine assembly station of the tooling platform, and the crankshaft sleeve rotation driving device is located away from the engine side (as shown in Figure 2), namely The linear cylinder is fully extended, and the guide rod is located near the positioner side.

Step 1: The positioner is rotated 120°-180°, so that the bottom of the tooling platform is upward or obliquely upward (at this time, the engine body is located below or diagonally below the tooling platform), which is convenient for installing the crankshaft.

Step 2: Grab the crankshaft by an industrial robot, and assemble the crankshaft through the crankshaft assembly hole from above or diagonally above the tooling platform to the corresponding position in the engine body. The positioner rotates to restore the tooling platform to its original position.

Step 3: Drive the crankshaft sleeve to move towards the body of the engine through the horizontal movement drive device of the crankshaft sleeve, and connect the crankshaft sleeve to one end of the main journal of the crankshaft to connect with the crankshaft, and adjust the angle of the crankshaft by swinging the cylinder to make it connect with the engine. The connecting rod journal corresponding to the position of one cylinder is upward, and the crankshaft is fixed.

Step 4: Grab the piston connecting rod group directly above the first cylinder of the engine through the industrial robot, and move the guide rod to the right under the first cylinder of the engine through the horizontal movement driving device of the guide rod (via the corresponding position of the first cylinder of the engine. The photoelectric sensor is accurately positioned), the piston rods of the first-stage cylinder, the second-stage cylinder and the third-stage cylinder are all extended, so that the top of the guide rod passes through the first cylinder of the engine from bottom to top and protrudes from the top of the first cylinder of the engine, and will guide the The rod is inserted into the mounting screw hole of the connecting rod cover of the piston connecting rod group, and the piston rod of the first-stage cylinder is placed down into the first cylinder of the engine with the industrial robot and slowly retracted.

Step 5: As the industrial robot lowers the piston rod assembly to the half position of the first cylinder of the engine, the piston rod of the second cylinder slowly retracts, and the guide rod is always located in the mounting screw hole of the connecting rod cover.

Step 6: When the industrial robot puts all the parts below the piston ring of the piston connecting rod group into the first cylinder of the engine, the piston rod of the second cylinder shrinks in place.

Step 7: The industrial robot pushes all the piston connecting rod group into the first cylinder of the engine. At this time, guided by the guide rod, the big end of the connecting rod of the piston connecting rod group is just assembled on the corresponding connecting rod journal of the crankshaft. The piston rod is fully retracted.

Step 8: The positioner rotates 120°-180°, and the connecting rod cover (or the connecting rod big end cover) is installed on the connecting rod through the industrial robot, so as to realize the fixation and displacement of the piston connecting rod group on the engine body. The machine rotates to restore the tooling platform to its original position.

So far, a set of piston connecting rod group (piston connecting rod group of one cylinder of the engine) is assembled.

The ninth step: move the guide rod to the position corresponding to the fourth cylinder of the engine through the horizontal movement driving device of the guide rod, and complete the assembly of the piston connecting rod group of the four cylinders of the engine (the assembly steps are the same as the fourth step to the eighth step).

Step 10: Drive the crankshaft sleeve and the crankshaft connected to the crankshaft sleeve to rotate 180° by swinging the cylinder, so that the connecting rod journals of the crankshaft corresponding to the positions of the second and third cylinders of the engine are upward, and the engine two and three cylinders are started. The assembly of the piston connecting rod group in the cylinder (the assembly steps are the same as the fourth to the eighth step), after the assembly of the piston connecting rod group in the second and third cylinders of the engine is completed, all the assembly work is completed.

The invention can realize automatic assembly of crankshafts and piston connecting rod groups of different engines when used in conjunction with industrial robots and positioners, and only needs to switch the positions of some positioning devices on the tooling platform.

The preferred and optional technical means disclosed in the present invention can be arbitrarily combined to form several different technical solutions, unless otherwise specified and unless one preferred or optional technical means is further defined as another technical means.

Claims (10)

1. a crankshaft of an engine and a piston connecting rod assembly tooling, is characterized in that comprising: The tooling platform has an engine assembly station on the platform, and the engine assembly station is provided with a crankshaft assembly hole that penetrates the platform up and down; The platform bracket, in the shape of a plate, is vertically fixed on one side of the tooling platform, the plate surface is perpendicular to the table surface of the tooling platform, and the outer side is provided with a positioner flange connection plate; The crankshaft rotation drive mechanism is arranged on one side of the engine assembly station, and is provided with a crankshaft sleeve matched with the main journal of the crankshaft. The horizontal movement drive device of the crankshaft sleeve which moves horizontally and linearly; The piston connecting rod group guide mechanism is arranged on the bottom surface of the tooling platform, and is provided with a vertical guide rod. The guide rod is located below the crankshaft assembly hole, and its outer diameter is smaller than that of the connecting rod cover on the connecting rod. The inner diameter of the screw hole, the guide rod is provided with a guide rod up and down movement drive device that drives the guide rod to move up and down, and a guide rod horizontal movement drive device that drives the guide rod to move horizontally. 2 . The crankshaft and piston connecting rod assembly tool for an engine according to claim 1 , wherein the crankshaft sleeve rotation driving device is a swing cylinder, and the crankshaft sleeve is connected to the output end of the swing cylinder. 3 . 3. The crankshaft and piston connecting rod assembly tooling of engine as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the drive device for horizontal movement of the crankshaft sleeve comprises a linear cylinder, a connecting plate and a connecting plate guiding mechanism, and the connecting plate guiding mechanism It includes sliding rails and sliding blocks, the linear cylinder and the sliding rail are fixed on the table surface of the tooling platform, the piston rod of the linear cylinder and the sliding rail are parallel to the left and right directions, and the straight line The piston rod of the cylinder is fixedly connected with the sliding block, the connecting plate is parallel to the platform bracket and located in the crankshaft assembly hole, and is fixedly connected with the sliding block through the connecting section extending outward from the top thereof, so the The swing cylinder is fixedly connected to the plate surface of the connecting plate. 4. The crankshaft and piston connecting rod assembly tooling for an engine as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that two limit blocks are fixedly arranged on the sliding rail, and there are left between the two limit blocks distance, the slider is located between the two limit stops. 5. The crankshaft and piston connecting rod assembly tooling for an engine according to claim 4, wherein the number of the connecting plate guide mechanisms is two, which are respectively located on both sides of the crankshaft assembly hole, and the connecting plate The connecting sections are provided at both ends of the top of the connecting plate, and the connecting plates are respectively fixedly connected with the sliders of the connecting plate guiding mechanism on the corresponding sides through the two connecting sections. 6. The crankshaft and piston connecting rod assembly tooling for an engine according to claim 1, wherein the guide rod moving up and down driving device comprises a guide rod driving cylinder, and the guide rod driving cylinder is a telescopic cylinder, and its piston rod Vertically upward, the guide rod is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the guide rod driving cylinder. 7. The crankshaft and piston connecting rod assembly tooling of the engine according to claim 6, wherein the guide rod horizontal movement driving device comprises a screw rod, a stepping motor and a moving part, and the screw rod passes through the bearing seat in the left and right direction It is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the tooling platform, the stepping motor is connected with one end of the screw rod through a coupling, the moving part is threadedly connected with the screw rod through the screw hole opened on it, and the guide rod is The driving cylinder is fixedly connected to the moving part. 8. The crankshaft and piston connecting rod assembly tooling of the engine as claimed in claim 7, wherein the bottom surface of the tooling platform is provided with a number of photoelectric sensors, and a number of the photoelectric sensors are arranged in a straight line along the left-right direction, Located on one side of the screw, the number of the photoelectric sensors is the same as the number of cylinders of the engine, and the position of each photoelectric sensor corresponds to the position of each cylinder when the engine is fixed on the engine assembly station. The side of the moving member facing the photoelectric sensor is provided with a photoelectric scanning member matched with the photoelectric sensor. 9 . The crankshaft and piston connecting rod assembly assembly tool for an engine according to claim 7 , wherein the moving part is provided with a moving part guiding mechanism, and the moving part guiding mechanism comprises a guiding shaft and a sliding part, and the guiding The shaft is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the tooling platform through the mounting seat and is parallel to the screw rod, the sliding member is slidably connected to the guide shaft, and the sliding member is fixedly connected to the moving member. 10. The crankshaft and piston connecting rod assembly assembly tool for an engine according to claim 1, wherein the number of the guide rods is two, and the distance between the two guide rods is the same as the distance between the two guide rods. The distance between the two connecting rod cap mounting screw holes is the same.

Images