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CN114505455B - Heating feeding method and device for vertical continuous casting blank - Google Patents

Heating feeding method and device for vertical continuous casting blank Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114505455B
CN114505455B CN202210077952.8A CN202210077952A CN114505455B CN 114505455 B CN114505455 B CN 114505455B CN 202210077952 A CN202210077952 A CN 202210077952A CN 114505455 B CN114505455 B CN 114505455B
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heating device
riser
molten steel
crystallizer
casting blank
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CN114505455A (en
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刘长青
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Wuhan Xisai Metallurgical Engineering Co ltd
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Wuhan Xisai Metallurgical Engineering Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11Treating the molten metal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/041Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds for vertical casting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16Controlling or regulating processes or operations

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a heating feeding method and device for a vertical continuous casting blank, which solve the problems of complex structure, difficult maintenance and to-be-improved quality of the casting blank in the existing method. The technical proposal is as follows: a riser is arranged in the crystallizer, the upper end of the riser is higher than the upper end of the crystallizer, and the lower part of the riser is immersed into molten steel under the action of dead weight; heating molten steel in the crystallizer by using a plane heating device positioned above a riser in the crystallizer; the three-way moving mechanism is controlled to drive the plane heating device to shrink and descend along with the liquid level of molten steel along the z-axis direction so as to descend. The device comprises a plane heating device and a three-way moving mechanism. The method is simple, low in energy consumption, low in production and operation cost, and good in upper section feeding effect, and can meet the requirement of long-time heating feeding of the large-section casting blank.

Description

Heating feeding method and device for vertical continuous casting blank
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vertical continuous casting production method, in particular to a heating feeding method and a device for a vertical continuous casting blank.
Background
With the technical progress in the fields of metallurgy, ships, electric power, nuclear power, military industry, chemical industry, heavy machinery and the like, the demands on large-scale cast forgings are continuously increased, and the demands on raw material quality are higher and higher. While conventional ingot casting has low production efficiency and low ingot casting quality, particularly core quality qualification rate, a vertical continuous casting machine can solve the problems at the same time, and the method has advantages in the aspect of large-section ingot casting production. However, one of the problems encountered by a vertical continuous casting machine with a large section, particularly a casting blank with a diameter larger than 1000mm, is to solve the problem that central porosity and shrinkage cavity are generated due to long solidification time and incapability of effective feeding, and to improve the yield of the casting blank as much as possible. Therefore, in order to ensure the quality of the casting blank, improve the yield of the casting blank and reduce the loss of raw materials, production technicians want a plurality of methods for feeding the casting blank. The existing feeding method comprises the steps of riser heat preservation, natural cooling and feeding; electroslag remelting heating feeding; heating and feeding an arc electrode; and feeding graphite electrothermal riser. The feeding has the defects of different degrees, such as a riser heat-insulating natural cooling method and a graphite electric heating riser feeding method, which are limited by short feeding time or small heating power, and are not suitable for large sections, and the electroslag remelting and electric arc heating modes are suitable for large die castings due to complex equipment and inconvenient operation, but are unsuitable for vertical continuous casting machine production.
105935752A discloses a vertical electromagnetic stirring method for controlling the central quality of a casting blank. In the continuous casting production process, the travelling wave magnetic field type stirrer is arranged on the side surface of the casting blank, and the overall direction of electromagnetic force generated in the casting blank is parallel to the direction of the central line of the casting blank. The travelling wave magnetic field type electromagnetic stirrer with different shapes can be selected according to different casting blank section shapes and sizes. The invention can make the melt in the central area of the casting blank generate upward or downward forced convection movement along the central line of the casting blank, improves the effective action area of electromagnetic stirring along the length direction of the casting blank, strengthens the mixing of the upper high-temperature melt area and the lower low-temperature melt area of the central area of the casting blank, improves the feeding capability of the upper melt in the central area of the casting blank to the solidification of the lower melt, and promotes the homogenization of the temperature and solute distribution in the casting blank. However, the following problems exist in placing a travelling wave magnetic field type stirrer on the side of a cast slab: the travelling wave magnetic field stirrer can only force convection of molten steel at the upper part and the lower part in a certain area, and can even temperature, but cannot compensate heat, so that the temperature of the molten steel at the upper end surface of the casting blank continuously dissipates heat, and the temperature of the molten steel drops faster and can be earlier than that of the molten steel in the casting blank to solidify and crust, and the heat must be supplemented by the heating device to ensure that the upper part of the casting blank is always in a molten state, so that the solidification process of the casting blank from bottom to top is fed. In addition, as the rotary magnetic field stirrer is arranged at the crystallizer position, the traveling wave magnetic field type electromagnetic stirrer can only be arranged at the position below the crystallizer, which leads to the fact that the traveling wave magnetic field type electromagnetic stirrer is far away from the upper end of the casting blank, and the electromagnetic force of the traveling wave magnetic field type electromagnetic stirrer cannot influence the upper end face of the casting blank.
Therefore, a technical scheme which has the advantages of simple method, simple and convenient operation, high efficiency, low production and operation cost, great reduction or even elimination of the central looseness and shrinkage cavity of the upper part of the casting blank, no need of destructive modification of the original continuous casting equipment and suitability for long-time heating and feeding of the large-section casting blank is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems, and provides the heating and feeding device for the vertical continuous casting blank, which has the advantages of simple system, easiness in control, capability of realizing automatic operation, no need of carrying out destructive transformation on the original continuous casting equipment, and capability of prolonging the service life of the equipment and production and operation cost.
The invention also provides a heating and feeding process of the vertical continuous casting blank, which has the advantages of simple process, low production and operation cost and capability of greatly reducing or even eliminating the central looseness and shrinkage cavity of the upper part of the casting blank.
The invention relates to a heating and feeding device for vertical continuous casting blanks, which comprises
Plane heating device: the feeder head is positioned above the riser in the crystallizer and is used for carrying out plane heating on molten steel below;
three-way moving mechanism: and the plane heating device is arranged and used for driving the plane heating device to freely move along the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions.
The method also comprises the following steps:
distance measuring sensor: the device is arranged on the three-way moving mechanism and is used for measuring the distance between the plane heating device and the molten steel liquid level;
and (3) a transfer sensor: the three-dimensional coordinate position signal acquisition device is arranged on the three-dimensional moving mechanism and used for acquiring the three-dimensional coordinate position signal of the planar heating device;
And (3) a controller: the input end is respectively connected with the ranging sensor and the displacement sensor, the output end is connected with the three-way moving mechanism and the plane heating device, and the input end is used for receiving signals of the ranging sensor and the displacement sensor and outputting control signals to the three-way moving mechanism.
The planar heating device is a planar coil type electromagnetic induction heater wrapped with a refractory material shell.
The three moving mechanisms consist of an X-axis translation rack, a Y-axis translation rack, a Z-axis lifting rack and driving cylinders corresponding to the X-axis translation rack, the Y-axis translation rack and the Z-axis lifting rack.
According to the heating feeding method of the vertical continuous casting blank, a riser is arranged in a crystallizer, the upper end of the riser is higher than the upper end of the crystallizer, and the lower part of the riser is immersed into molten steel under the action of dead weight; the molten steel in the crystallizer is heated by using a plane heating device positioned above a riser in the crystallizer, and the three-way moving mechanism is controlled to drive the plane heating device to descend along the z-axis direction along with the shrinkage and descent of the molten steel liquid level, so that the distance between the lower end plane of the plane heating device and the molten steel liquid level is always kept between 0cm and 10cm.
The distance between the planar heating device and the molten steel liquid level is measured in real time by using the distance measuring sensor, signals are transmitted to the controller, meanwhile, the displacement sensor acquires three-dimensional coordinate position signals of the planar heating device in real time and transmits the three-dimensional coordinate position signals to the controller, the controller outputs control signals to the three-way moving mechanism, and the three-way moving mechanism drives the planar heating device to move along the Z-axis direction, so that the planar heating device and the molten steel liquid level keep a set distance.
When the plane heating device and the molten steel level are kept within a set distance, the three-way moving mechanism is controlled to drive the plane heating device to uniformly move along the X-axis and/or Y-axis in the horizontal direction.
The displacement sensor is used for collecting three-dimensional coordinate position signals of the plane heating device, the signals are transmitted to the controller, the controller outputs control signals to the three-way moving mechanism, and the three-way moving mechanism drives the plane heating device to uniformly move along the X-axis and/or Y-axis in the horizontal direction according to a set route.
The set route is as follows: the plane heating device is driven by the three-way moving mechanism to move horizontally along the horizontal direction by taking the central line of the riser as the center of a circle to make a circumferential winding.
The heating edge of the control plane heating device is 1 cm to 5cm away from the inner wall of the riser.
The feeding process can be simultaneously matched with the electromagnetic stirring of the crystallizer.
Aiming at the problems in the background technology, the inventor intensively researches the feeding process, and improves the following steps:
(1) The method of heating the traditional central stirring rod or the side wall is creatively changed into the method of heating the top surface of molten steel, which is based on the research of the inventor, and the heat loss is mainly caused at the position of directly contacting with air on the liquid surface of a large-section casting blank in the feeding process, so that the quality question caused by central looseness and shrinkage cavity on the casting blank often occurs at the upper part of the casting blank. In this regard, the inventors considered that the above-mentioned technical problems can be solved well by directly heating the molten steel level at the maximum heat loss from above the molten steel level using a planar heating device.
(2) In order to solve the influence of local high-temperature heating on equipment, a riser is arranged on a crystallizer, the upper end of the riser is higher than the upper end of the crystallizer, the lower part is immersed under the liquid level along with gravity, the riser can be used for protecting a copper pipe of the crystallizer, heat transfer between the copper pipe and molten steel is isolated, high-temperature damage is avoided, the service life of the equipment is prolonged, and when the riser is damaged, the riser can be simply and quickly replaced to continue production without disassembling and assembling the crystallizer, so that the crystallizer is easy to maintain and overhaul.
(3) The heating feeding device has a very simple structure, does not need to be fixed on a crystallizer, and drives the plane heating device to directly heat the liquid level of molten steel through the three-way moving mechanism, so that the heating feeding device is very flexible and convenient. For the problem of liquid level decline in the feeding process, the distance signal is gathered in real time to accessible range sensor to control three-dimensional moving mechanism through the controller and drive heating feeding device and move downwards in step, realize the purpose of automatic follow decline. Meanwhile, for the large-section casting blank, the controller can control the three-way moving mechanism to drive the heating feeding device to move freely in the plane direction and heat uniformly; the specific moving route can be preset according to the requirement, and the plane heating device can uniformly move along the X-axis and/or Y-axis in the horizontal direction according to the set route by matching with the displacement sensor, so that the moving speed is adjustable, and the plane heating device is suitable for adding casting blanks with different section sizes. Preferably, the riser center line is used as a circle center to horizontally move around the circumference, so as to realize the purpose of uniformly heating the liquid level of molten steel. The planar heating device preferably adopts a planar coil type electromagnetic induction heater, and the planar heating device can be directly contacted with the molten steel liquid level by comprising a shell made of a refractory material. The controller may be a PLC, a single board computer, or other controller.
(4) The device has the advantages of extremely simple structure, easy operation, good flexibility and adaptability, high heating efficiency, high automation degree and easy maintenance and overhaul. The invention has simple process, low energy consumption, low production and operation cost, good feeding effect of the upper section of the casting blank, high yield, and effective improvement of the internal quality of the casting blank, is suitable for casting blanks with different sections, in particular to a vertical continuous casting machine with the casting blank diameter larger than 1000mm, and can meet the requirement of long-time heating feeding of the casting blank with large section.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the three-way movement mechanism.
Fig. 3 is a top view of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a control schematic.
Fig. 5 is a solidification state diagram without top heating feeding.
Fig. 6 shows a solidification state diagram of top heating feeding.
Fig. 7 shows a solidification state before the top heating device starts to operate.
Wherein, 1-driving; 2-a three-way movement mechanism; 201-X axis translation stage; 202-Y axis translation stage; 203-Z axis lifting rack; 204-X axis translation hydraulic cylinder; 205-Y axis translation hydraulic cylinder; 206-Z axis lifting hydraulic cylinder; 3-an electromagnetic induction heater; 4, riser; 5-crystallizer copper tubes; 6, casting blank; 7-ranging sensor.
Detailed Description
Referring to FIG. 1, the heating and feeding device for vertical continuous casting billets of the present invention comprises
Planar heating device (planar coil type electromagnetic induction heater, abbreviated as electromagnetic induction heater 3 in this embodiment): the riser 4 is positioned above the riser 4 in the crystallizer and is used for carrying out plane heating on the molten steel below; the riser 4 is arranged in a copper pipe of the crystallizer, is in a thin-wall cylinder shape, the wall thickness of the riser is not more than 100mm, the lower part of the riser is immersed into molten steel under the action of dead weight, the upper end of the riser is higher than the upper end of the copper pipe 5 of the crystallizer, and the riser 4 can protect the copper pipe 5 of the crystallizer and isolate heat transfer between the copper pipe and the molten steel.
Three-way movement mechanism 2: an electromagnetic induction heater 3 is arranged for driving the electromagnetic induction heater 3 to freely move along the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions. The three-item movement mechanism is preferably composed of an X-axis translation stage 201, a Y-axis translation stage 202, and a Z-axis lifting stage 202, and their respective X-axis translation hydraulic cylinders 204, Y-axis translation hydraulic cylinders 205, and Z-axis lifting hydraulic cylinders 206. The three-way moving mechanism 2 does not need to be connected with a crystallizer and can be arranged on a bracket or a travelling crane, in the embodiment, the three-way moving mechanism 2 is arranged on the travelling crane 1, when feeding operation is needed, the three-way moving mechanism 2 of the electromagnetic induction heater 3 is arranged to be moved to the position right above the riser 4 through the travelling crane 1, and after feeding is finished, the device is quickly moved away through the travelling crane 1, so that a casting blank can conveniently enter the next continuous casting process.
Ranging sensor 7: the device is arranged on the three-way moving mechanism 2 and is used for measuring the distance between the electromagnetic induction heater 3 and the molten steel level;
And (3) a transfer sensor: the three-dimensional coordinate position signal acquisition device is arranged on the three-dimensional moving mechanism 2 and is used for acquiring the three-dimensional coordinate position signal of the electromagnetic induction heater 3; in this embodiment, the X-axis translation hydraulic cylinder 204, the Y-axis translation hydraulic cylinder 205, and the Z-axis lifting hydraulic cylinder 206 are respectively equipped with corresponding displacement sensors (not shown in the figure).
And (3) a controller: the input end is respectively connected with the distance measuring sensor 7 and the displacement sensor, and the output end is connected with each oil cylinder of the three-way moving mechanism 2. The device is used for receiving signals of the ranging sensor 7 and each displacement sensor for conversion, calculation, analysis and comparison, outputting control signals to each oil cylinder of the three-way movement mechanism 5, and driving the corresponding oil cylinder to work so as to complete the set action. In this embodiment, the controller is a PLC.
The technical process comprises the following steps:
Firstly), after casting, the tundish car leaves the casting position, a riser 4 is firstly arranged in a copper pipe of a crystallizer, a gap is reserved between the riser 4 and the copper pipe 5 of the crystallizer, the upper end of the riser 4 is higher than the upper end of the copper pipe 5 of the crystallizer, and the lower part of the riser is immersed in molten steel under the action of gravity. The riser 4 is used for isolating and protecting the crystallizer copper pipe 5 and preventing the crystallizer copper pipe from being damaged by heating.
Secondly), the traveling crane 1 is operated to drive the three-way moving mechanism 3 to move to the position right above the crystallizer copper pipe 5. The electromagnetic induction heater 3 is positioned at the initial position, at the moment, the electromagnetic induction heater 3 corresponds to the center of the crystallizer copper pipe 5, the distance sensor 7 detects the height of the electromagnetic induction heater 3 from the liquid level of the casting blank 6, and the controller controls the Z-axis lifting hydraulic cylinder 206 of the three-way displacement mechanism 2 to drive the Z-axis lifting rack 203 to enable the electromagnetic induction heater 3 to descend to a set distance (the set distance is generally 0-10 cm away from the liquid level of molten steel) to stop;
And thirdly), the controller controls to start the electromagnetic induction heater 3, alternating current is provided by an intermediate frequency power supply, an alternating magnetic field is generated to start heating molten steel at the top of the casting blank 6, and in the heating process, the controller synchronously outputs control signals to the X-axis translation hydraulic cylinder 204 and the Y-axis translation hydraulic cylinder 205 and synchronously drives the X-axis translation rack 201 and the Y-axis translation hydraulic cylinder 202 to translate according to a set route. The setting route is not particularly limited, and is reasonably designed according to the size of the section and the heating requirement. The output power and frequency of the electromagnetic induction heater 3 are not particularly limited, and may be appropriately set as required by those skilled in the art. The electromagnetic induction heater 3 may be operated continuously or intermittently, and different intermittent times may be set according to different cross sections.
Fourth, when the liquid level in the casting blank 6 contracts and descends, the distance sensor 7 detects the height of the electromagnetic induction heater 3 from the liquid level of the casting blank 6, the controller calculates, analyzes and compares the height, if the height exceeds the set range, the controller outputs a control signal to control the Z-axis lifting hydraulic cylinder 206 to drive the Z-axis lifting rack 203 to descend in a follow mode until the set distance requirement is met.
Fifthly), stopping heating after the solidification ratio of the casting blank reaches more than 90%, and preserving heat and slowly cooling the casting blank.
Simulation test:
Through carrying out computer numerical simulation on casting solidification process of casting blank with the diameter of 1600mm, the solidification state before the top heating device starts working is shown in fig. 7, we find that under the condition that a crystallizer is used for electromagnetic stirring and no top electromagnetic induction heating is adopted, see fig. 5, the top of the casting blank is sealed for about 17500s after casting is finished, the top of the casting blank loses feeding capacity after sealing, a large shrinkage cavity can appear at a position 1000-1500 mm away from the top of the casting blank, corresponding comparison is carried out, see fig. 6, a top electromagnetic induction heater 3 with heating power of more than 30 kilowatts is added, the heater starts working for about 8500s after casting is finished, the continuous working system is adopted, the top of the casting blank is still kept to be larger than the diameter of a lower liquid core after the casting is finished by matching with the electromagnetic stirring of the crystallizer, and the solidification feeding of the top of the casting blank can be fully ensured.

Claims (2)

1. A heating feeding method of a vertical continuous casting blank is characterized in that a riser is arranged in a crystallizer, the upper end of the riser is higher than the upper end of the crystallizer, and the lower part of the riser is immersed into molten steel under the action of dead weight; heating molten steel in the crystallizer by using a plane heating device positioned above a riser in the crystallizer; the three-way moving mechanism is controlled to drive the plane heating device to descend along the z-axis direction along with the shrinkage and descent of the molten steel liquid level, and the set distance between the lower end plane of the plane heating device and the molten steel liquid level is always kept between 0cm and 10cm;
The distance between the plane heating device and the molten steel liquid level is measured in real time by using a distance measuring sensor, signals are transmitted to a controller, meanwhile, the displacement sensor acquires three-dimensional coordinate position signals of the plane heating device in real time and transmits the three-dimensional coordinate position signals to the controller, the controller outputs control signals to a three-way moving mechanism, and the three-way moving mechanism drives the plane heating device to move along the Z-axis direction, so that the plane heating device and the molten steel liquid level keep a set distance;
For a large-section casting blank, when the plane heating device and the molten steel liquid level are kept within a set distance, acquiring a three-dimensional coordinate position signal of the plane heating device by using a displacement sensor, transmitting the signal to a controller, outputting a control signal to a three-way moving mechanism by the controller, and driving the plane heating device to horizontally move along the X-axis and Y-axis directions by using the riser center line as a circle center;
The planar heating device is a planar coil type electromagnetic induction heater wrapped with a refractory material shell; the three-way moving mechanism consists of an X-axis translation rack, a Y-axis translation rack and a Z-axis lifting rack, and driving cylinders respectively corresponding to the X-axis translation rack, the Y-axis translation rack and the Z-axis lifting rack.
2. The method for feeding vertical continuous casting billet according to claim 1, wherein the heating edge of the control plane heating means is 1-5 cm from the inner wall of the riser.
CN202210077952.8A 2022-01-24 2022-01-24 Heating feeding method and device for vertical continuous casting blank Active CN114505455B (en)

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CN115283631B (en) * 2022-09-01 2023-08-01 一重集团大连工程技术有限公司 Thermal insulation riser device and control method thereof

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CN201482934U (en) * 2009-08-13 2010-05-26 成都宏伟焊接设备有限公司 Device for avoiding shrinkage cavity of roll casting
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