CN114498054B - Pattern reconfigurable phase 1-bit antenna and its two-dimensional beam scanning array - Google Patents
Pattern reconfigurable phase 1-bit antenna and its two-dimensional beam scanning array Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/002—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices being reconfigurable or tunable, e.g. using switches or diodes
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- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种方向图可重构相位比特天线及其二维波束扫描阵列，属于通信技术领域。所述方向图可重构相位比特天线包括小型化电磁超表面、金属贴片单元、介质谐振器、相位1比特耦合馈电缝隙、反射器辐射缝隙、相位比特开关电路、可重构反射器缝隙开关电路、馈电微带线、开关直流偏置电路、金属地板、金属反射板以及尼龙螺钉。所述基于一维线阵的二维扫描数字多波束阵列中的阵元由方向图可重构相位比特天线组成。本发明解决了现有一维线阵难以实现线阵二维多波束扫描的局限、传统数字比特阵列采用贴片辐射体造成尺寸大而难以组阵进行宽角扫描的限制、传统数字比特阵列窄带宽的缺点以及传统二维波束扫描阵列需要大规模阵元和占用空间大的设计限制的问题。
The present invention discloses a directional pattern reconfigurable phase bit antenna and a two-dimensional beam scanning array thereof, belonging to the field of communication technology. The directional pattern reconfigurable phase bit antenna comprises a miniaturized electromagnetic metasurface, a metal patch unit, a dielectric resonator, a phase 1 bit coupling feeding slot, a reflector radiation slot, a phase bit switching circuit, a reconfigurable reflector slot switching circuit, a feeding microstrip line, a switching DC bias circuit, a metal floor, a metal reflector plate and a nylon screw. The array elements in the two-dimensional scanning digital multi-beam array based on a one-dimensional linear array are composed of directional pattern reconfigurable phase bit antennas. The present invention solves the limitation that the existing one-dimensional linear array is difficult to realize two-dimensional multi-beam scanning of the linear array, the limitation that the traditional digital bit array uses a patch radiator resulting in a large size and difficulty in forming an array for wide-angle scanning, the disadvantage of the narrow bandwidth of the traditional digital bit array, and the design limitation that the traditional two-dimensional beam scanning array requires large-scale array elements and occupies a large space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a directional diagram reconfigurable phase bit antenna and a two-dimensional beam scanning array thereof.
Background
Currently, as an important component of new infrastructure, a 5G wireless communication system is being continuously pushed and deployed, which accelerates the development of various industries and promotes the improvement of the quality of life of people. Unlike the conventional 2G/3G/4G wireless communication system, the 5G communication system provides a higher transmission rate, lower latency, larger capacity, and more stable wireless communication service. Therefore, at the base station end, the 5G system adopts a multi-beam antenna working in a new frequency band, a large-scale MIMO antenna array architecture and the like. However, the conventional 2G/3G/4G base station antenna generally adopts an omni-directional antenna or a dual-polarized linear array with fixed beams, so that it is difficult to satisfy the requirement of the 5G system for multi-beam dynamic coverage. As a novel class of multibeam arrays, the digital multibeam bit array not only has a plurality of switchable radiation beams or radiation modes, but also has the remarkable advantage of low cost. Unlike conventional multi-beam phased arrays, digital multi-beam bit arrays do not require expensive T/R components, unlike conventional digital phased arrays, digital multi-beam bit arrays do not require complex program-controlled beam forming networks, and thus have both miniaturization and low cost characteristics.
Currently, digital multibeam bit arrays can be broadly classified into linear digital bit arrays, planar two-dimensional digital bit arrays, and drain waveform digital bit arrays. The linear digital bit array adopts a phase 1 bit patch antenna as an array unit, only one-dimensional wave beam switching can be realized, so that the problems of limited multi-wave beam coverage and radiation dead angles exist, meanwhile, the bandwidth limitation of the patch antenna generally has the defect of narrow antenna bandwidth, the planar two-dimensional digital bit array adopts a linear polarization phase 1 bit patch antenna to carry out planar array arrangement, and the linear two-dimensional digital bit array can realize two-dimensional multi-wave beam switching, but has the defects of high cost and complex structure because of the requirement of doubled array elements and complex control circuits, and the leaky waveform type digital bit array loads a 2-bit stepping phase shifter on a leaky wave radiation unit, so that multi-wave beam scanning under fixed frequency is realized, but multi-wave beams can still be switched on only one section (one-dimensional scanning), so that the radiation capacity is limited and the array size is large.
Through the above summary analysis of the prior art, no digital bit array for realizing two-dimensional multi-beam switching by using a one-dimensional linear array exists in the current digital multi-beam bit array. The existing digital multi-beam bit array is difficult to realize miniaturization, low cost, wide bandwidth, rich two-dimensional multi-beam switching and wide area multi-beam coverage, so that the existing digital multi-beam bit array is difficult to meet the requirement of a 5G base station on low-cost two-dimensional multi-beam scanning.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the directional diagram reconfigurable phase bit antenna and the two-dimensional beam scanning array thereof provided by the invention solve the problems that the conventional one-dimensional linear array is difficult to realize the two-dimensional multi-beam scanning of the linear array, the conventional digital bit array adopts a patch radiator to cause the limitation that the size is large and the wide-angle scanning is difficult to realize in an array mode, the conventional digital bit array has narrow bandwidth, and the conventional two-dimensional beam scanning array needs large array elements and occupies large design limitation.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the directional diagram reconfigurable phase bit antenna comprises a miniaturized electromagnetic super surface, a metal patch unit, a dielectric resonator, a phase 1 bit coupling feed slot, a reflector radiation slot, a phase bit switch circuit, a reconfigurable reflector slot switch circuit, a feed microstrip line, a switch direct current bias circuit, a metal floor, a metal reflecting plate and nylon screws;
The miniaturized electromagnetic super-surface consists of a metal patch unit and a dielectric resonator, wherein the metal patch unit is positioned on the dielectric resonator, the dielectric resonator is fixedly penetrated on the metal floor through a nylon screw, phase 1 bit coupling feed gap etching is in the middle position of the metal floor and is in parallel symmetrical distribution, reflector radiation gap etching is on the metal floor and is in parallel symmetrical distribution, the front side and the rear side of the miniaturized electromagnetic super-surface are close to each other, the phase bit switch circuit is printed on the back surface of the metal floor and is positioned in the middle of the phase 1 bit coupling feed gap, the reconfigurable reflector gap switch circuit is printed on the back surface of the metal floor and is positioned on two sides of the reflector radiation gap, the feed microstrip line is printed on the back surface of the metal floor, the switch direct current bias circuit is printed on the back surface of the metal floor and is connected with the phase bit switch circuit and the reconfigurable reflector gap switch circuit, the metal floor is mounted on the back surface of the metal floor, the metal super-surface is positioned on the periphery of the metal floor and is fixed on the metal floor through the metal floor and the metal floor.
Further, the dielectric resonator is a dielectric material with high dielectric constant and low loss.
Still further, the phase 1 bit coupling feed gap comprises two parallel and symmetrically distributed long groove-shaped coupling feed gaps.
Still further, the reflector radiation gap is two groove-shaped radiation gaps which are distributed in parallel and symmetrically, and the two gaps are respectively arranged in the front and rear outer directions of the dielectric resonator.
Still further, the phase bit switching circuit is a switching circuit having a single pole double throw function.
Still further, the reconfigurable reflector slot switching circuit is a switching circuit having a single pole single throw function.
Still further, the switching DC bias circuit is a phase shift switch and a state control circuit for the reflector switch.
Still further, the metal floor is a double-sided copper-clad dielectric substrate, and the metal reflecting plate is a thin metal plate.
The invention provides a two-dimensional beam scanning array which comprises a directional diagram reconfigurable phase bit antenna and a plurality of antenna array elements, wherein the antenna array elements are formed by taking the directional diagram reconfigurable phase 1bit antenna as an array element.
Further, each antenna array element is in one-dimensional linear arrangement, and the antenna array element arrangement is distributed according to the array.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The invention provides a novel phase 1 bit radiation structure based on electromagnetic super surface pattern reconstruction, which has the advantages of miniaturization, wide bandwidth, phase 1 bit self-phase shift, pattern reconstruction and the like based on the broadband electromagnetic super surface technology, 1 bit coupling self-phase shift design and pattern reconstruction technology by using an electromagnetic super surface loaded dielectric resonator as a radiator. Meanwhile, the two-dimensional scanning digital multi-beam array based on the one-dimensional linear array provided by the invention has the advantages of miniaturization, wide bandwidth, low cost, abundant planar multi-beam scanning, flexible design freedom and the like, and can meet the application requirements of the intelligent low-cost multi-beam antenna.
(2) The digital bit array (two-dimensional scanning digital multi-beam array) of the invention adds a reconfigurable directional diagram, introduces a new beam scanning dimension, can reconstruct the beam scanning dimension (E-plane scanning) and the digital bit phase scanning dimension (H-plane scanning) through the combined directional diagram, solves the problem of limited beam scanning of the traditional linear array (the traditional linear array can only scan one-dimensional beam), can meet the dual requirements of the 5G multi-beam base station on the two-dimensional multi-beam scanning and the low cost, can carry out different forms of arrangement and adjustment according to the application requirements of different 5G base stations and antennas of the Internet of things equipment, realizes high design freedom, and solves the design limitation that the array needs large-scale arrangement and regular arrangement.
(3) The directional diagram reconfigurable phase 1 bit antenna based on the electromagnetic super surface has the advantages of small size, wide bandwidth, high radiation performance, phase 1 bit directional diagram reconfigurable radiation and the like, and is suitable for various low-cost wide-angle scanning phased arrays and digital bit array designs.
(4) The invention adopts the electromagnetic super-surface technology, and the traditional electromagnetic super-surface small patch unit and the dielectric resonator are combined to act, so that the antenna can still obtain the working characteristic of wide bandwidth while being miniaturized.
(5) The invention is based on the high-purity electric field distribution characteristic of the slot radiator, and obtains electric field components with opposite parallel phases in two directions by arranging two parallel symmetrically distributed I-shaped coupling feed slots and feed microstrip lines on the antenna floor, thereby realizing low-cost 1-bit phase switching (0 degree/180 degree) and stable phase switching.
(7) The invention is based on the quasi-yagi directional radiation principle, and the two parallel symmetrically distributed U-shaped reflector radiation slits and the reconfigurable reflector slit switching circuit are arranged on the metal floor to respectively switch and control the two U-shaped reflector radiation slits, thereby realizing compact directional diagram reconfiguration and having the characteristics of miniaturization and multibeam.
(8) The digital multi-beam bit array realizes two-dimensional multi-beam scanning by the one-dimensional linear array, and is suitable for low-cost reconfigurable/phased array and low-cost multi-beam base station application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a 3D view of a subsurface-based pattern reconfigurable phase 1-bit antenna in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a three-view diagram of a subsurface-based pattern reconfigurable phase 1-bit antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of the bandwidth of a reconfigurable phase 1-bit antenna based on a pattern of a subsurface in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph of radiation performance of a subsurface-based pattern reconfigurable phase 1-bit antenna in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a 3D view of a two-dimensional scanning digital multibeam array based on a one-dimensional linear array according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a three-view of a two-dimensional scanning digital multi-beam array based on a one-dimensional linear array in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a diagram of a two-dimensional scanning digital multi-beam array bandwidth based on a one-dimensional linear array in the present invention.
Fig. 8 shows a two-dimensional scanning digital multi-beam array H-plane multi-beam scanning based on a one-dimensional linear array in the present invention.
Fig. 9 shows a two-dimensional scanning digital multi-beam array E-plane multi-beam scanning based on a one-dimensional linear array in the present invention.
The antenna comprises a 1-miniaturized electromagnetic super surface, a 2-metal patch unit, a 3-dielectric resonator, a 4-phase 1-bit coupling feed slot, a 5-reflector radiation slot, a 6-phase bit switching circuit, a 7-reconfigurable reflector slot switching circuit, an 8-feed microstrip line, a 9-switching direct current bias circuit, a 10-metal floor, an 11-metal reflecting plate, a 12-Ni Long Luoding and 13-antenna array elements.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and all the inventions which make use of the inventive concept are protected by the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined in the appended claims to those skilled in the art.
The invention provides a novel directional diagram reconfigurable phase 1 bit radiation structure based on an electromagnetic super surface, and provides two embodiments of a directional diagram reconfigurable phase 1 bit antenna based on the electromagnetic super surface and a two-dimensional scanning digital multi-beam array based on a one-dimensional linear array, aiming at solving the problem that the conventional one-dimensional linear array is difficult to realize the limitation of linear array two-dimensional multi-beam scanning. The antenna realizes two-dimensional beam scanning by a one-dimensional linear array, solves the defect that the traditional linear array is difficult to realize two-dimensional multi-beam scanning and difficult to provide planar multi-beam coverage, realizes miniaturized design, solves the problem that the traditional digital bit array is large in size and difficult to assemble due to the adoption of patches, realizes wide working bandwidth and solves the defect of narrow bandwidth of the traditional digital bit array, realizes low-cost and miniaturized phase 1-bit switching on the premise that a phase shifter is not adopted by the antenna, and the digital bit array of the invention is added with a reconfigurable directional diagram, introduces new beam scanning dimension, solves the defect that the traditional linear array can only realize one-dimensional beam scanning, and can meet the double requirements of a 5G multi-beam base station on two-dimensional multi-beam scanning and low cost. In addition, the invention provides two embodiments, namely the two-dimensional scanning digital multi-beam array based on the electromagnetic super-surface directional diagram reconfigurable phase 1 bit antenna and the one-dimensional linear array, and can perform different forms of array arrangement and adjustment according to the application requirements of different 5G base stations and antennas of the Internet of things equipment, so that high design freedom is realized, and the design limitation that the array needs large-scale array arrangement and regular array arrangement is solved.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a pattern reconfigurable phase bit antenna, which comprises a miniaturized electromagnetic super surface 1, a metal patch unit 2, a dielectric resonator 3, a phase 1 bit coupling feed slot 4, a reflector radiation slot 5, a phase bit switch circuit 6, a reconfigurable reflector slot switch circuit 7, a feed microstrip line 8, a switch direct current bias circuit 9, a metal floor 10, a metal reflecting plate 11 and nylon screws 12;
The miniaturized electromagnetic super surface 1 is composed of a metal patch unit 2 and a dielectric resonator 3, wherein the metal patch unit 2 on the miniaturized electromagnetic super surface 1 is a small periodic metal patch and is attached to the upper surface of the dielectric resonator 3, the dielectric resonator 3 is made of dielectric material with high dielectric constant and low loss, the dielectric resonator 3 is fixedly penetrated on a metal floor 10 through a nylon screw 12, a phase 1 bit coupling feed gap 4 is etched at the middle position of the metal floor 10 and is in parallel symmetrical distribution, the phase 1 bit coupling feed gap 4 comprises two I-shaped coupling feed gaps which are in parallel symmetrical distribution, a reflector radiation gap 5 is etched on the metal floor 10 and is in parallel symmetrical distribution and is close to the front side and the rear side of the miniaturized electromagnetic super surface 1 and faces towards the outer side direction (two short side directions), the reflector radiation slot 5 comprises two U-shaped radiation slots which are symmetrically distributed in parallel, the phase bit switch circuit 6 is printed on the back of the metal floor 10 and is positioned in the middle of the phase 1 bit coupling feed slot 4, the phase bit switch circuit 6 is a switch circuit with a single-pole double-throw function and consists of a single-pole double-throw switch (a radio frequency switch chip or a PIN diode combination) and a microstrip line, and is a component part of the feed microstrip line 8, the reconfigurable reflector slot switch circuit 7 is printed on the back of the metal floor 10 and is positioned on two sides of the reflector radiation slot 5, the reconfigurable reflector slot switch circuit 7 is a switch circuit with a single-pole single-throw function and consists of a single-pole single-throw switch (a PIN diode or a radio frequency switch chip) and the microstrip line, the feed microstrip line 8 is a 50ohm microstrip line and is printed on the back of the metal floor 10, the switch direct current bias circuit 9 is printed on the back of the metal floor 10 and is connected with the phase bit switch circuit 6 and the reconfigurable reflector gap switch circuit 7, the switch direct current bias circuit 9 is a direct current bias circuit of a phase shift switch and a reflector switch, the metal floor 10 is a double-sided copper-clad dielectric substrate and is arranged at the bottom of the miniaturized electromagnetic super surface 1, the metal reflecting plate 1 is a thin-layer metal plate, the metal reflecting plate 1 is positioned below the metal floor 10 and is supported and fixed with the metal floor 10 through the nylon screws 12, the front surface and the back surface of the metal reflecting plate 11 are in short circuit with the metal floor 10 through metal bending parts, and the nylon screws 12 are standard nylon screws and are positioned around the miniaturized electromagnetic super surface 1 and the metal floor 10.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, fig. 2 (a) is a top view, fig. 2 (b) is a side view, and fig. 2 (c) is a front view. In the embodiment of the directional diagram reconfigurable phase 1 bit antenna based on the electromagnetic super surface, a novel electromagnetic super surface directional diagram reconfigurable radiation structure is provided based on the electromagnetic super surface and directional diagram reconfigurable technology and is used as a radiator of the phase 1 bit antenna to realize the receiving and transmitting of radio frequency signals. The metal patch unit 2 on the miniaturized electromagnetic super-surface 1 consists of small-sized metal patch units 2, is placed on a metal floor 10 and is used as a radiator of a broadband antenna, and a plurality of periodic patch small units excite a uniform surface electric field, so that a uniform radiation caliber is obtained, and efficient radiation is realized. The dielectric resonator 3 is composed of dielectric materials with high dielectric constant and low loss and is used for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic signals, and meanwhile, due to the high dielectric constant, the miniaturization design of the antenna is realized; the phase 1 bit coupling feed slot 4 is composed of two I-shaped slots on the metal floor 10, and because the two I-shaped slots are symmetrically distributed in parallel, the feed excitation is introduced by a microstrip line passing through the middle and is used for exciting the 1 bit phase, namely, by arranging the two symmetrical slots on the metal floor, when the forward I-shaped slot is selected, the feed phase is 0 DEG, and when the backward I-shaped slot is selected, the feed phase is 180 DEG, namely, the selection of 0 DEG or 180 DEG feed phase is realized, and the phase 1 bit is switched; a reflector radiation slit 5 for realizing reflection of an antenna radiation wave, composed of two U-shaped radiation slits which are symmetrically distributed in parallel, a front and a back radiation slits are arranged on a metal floor 10 to form a quasi-yagi directional radiation characteristic, when the front reflector radiation slit 5 is selected, a back deflection beam which is a backward reflection of the radiation wave is formed, when the back reflector radiation slit 5 is selected, a front deflection beam which is a forward reflection of the radiation wave is formed, by selecting the two reflector radiation slits 5, the deflection radiation beam is realized, namely the multi-beam switching scanning of an antenna radiation pattern on an E plane is realized, a phase bit switch circuit 6 is composed of a switch with a single-pole double-throw function for selecting the two phase 1-bit coupling feed slits, when the single-pole double-throw switch is switched to the front direction, an I-shaped excitation slit which is a forward direction is selected, the feed excitation of 0 DEG phase is realized, when the single-pole double-throw switch is switched to the backward direction, the I-shaped excitation gap in the backward direction is selected, so that 180-degree phase feeding excitation is realized, namely, 1-bit phase switching of 0 degree/180 degree is realized through the action of the single-pole double-throw switch; the reconfigurable reflector slot switch circuit 7 is arranged on the lower surface of the U-shaped reflector radiation slot 5, consists of two single-pole single-throw switches (PIN diodes or radio frequency switch chips) and a microstrip line circuit, is matched and distributed with the two U-shaped reflector radiation slots 5 to be in one-to-one correspondence for controlling the switch of the two reflector radiation slots, is used for opening the single-pole single-throw switch of the corresponding switch circuit 7 at the current U-shaped reflector radiation slot, and is excited and selected when the single-pole single-throw switch of the corresponding switch circuit 7 at the backward U-shaped radiation slot is closed, the backward reflection of the radiation wave is realized, the backward deflection wave beam is realized, and when the single-pole single-throw switch of the backward U-shaped radiation slot is opened, the backward U-shaped radiation slot is excited and selected, and the backward reflection of the radiation wave beam is realized, namely the E face of the directional diagram can be reconstructed; the feed microstrip line 8 is composed of a microstrip line on the back of a metal floor 10, is used for exciting a phase 1 bit coupling feed slot, realizing signal input and output of an antenna radiator and excitation and radiation of a miniaturized electromagnetic super surface, the switch direct current bias circuit 9 is composed of a direct current control line and is used for controlling the states of a phase bit switch and a reconfigurable slot switch, namely controlling the on and off states of the switch, the control of the on/off states of the phase bit switch and the directional diagram reconfigurable switch is realized, the metal floor 10 is composed of a double-sided copper-clad dielectric substrate and is used as a reference ground for antenna radiation, the reference ground and the directional radiation of the antenna are realized, the metal reflecting plate 11 is composed of a thin-layer metal plate and is used for reflecting the backward radiation of the metal floor, the backward radiation is reduced, the reflection and the inhibition of the backward wave of the antenna are realized, the nylon screw 12 is used for fixing an electromagnetic super surface and a metal reflecting cavity, and the nylon screw is composed of standard metric insulating material screws, so that the support and the fixing of an antenna structure are realized.
In this embodiment, the miniaturized wideband electromagnetic super-surface reconfigurable phase 1 bit structure provided by the invention, based on which the pattern reconfigurable phase 1 bit antenna realizes miniaturization, wide bandwidth, pattern reconfigurability and flexible phase 1 bit switching, and the antenna performance is shown in fig. 3 and 4. Fig. 3 shows the bandwidth performance of the directional diagram reconfigurable phase 1 bit antenna, the-10 dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 3.30-3.80GHz, the new 5G frequency band is covered, and the working frequency band requirements of the 4G/5G communication system and the Internet of things system are met. Fig. 4 shows radiation pattern performance of the pattern reconfigurable phase 1 bit antenna, wherein fig. 4 (a) shows state 1, fig. 4 (a) shows a state of backward deflection of the antenna when the single-pole single-throw switch at the current U-shaped radiation slot is opened and the single-pole single-throw switch at the backward U-shaped radiation slot is closed, fig. 4 (b) shows state 2, fig. 4 (b) shows a state of non-deflection of the antenna when the single-pole single-throw switch at the current and backward two U-shaped radiation slots is closed, namely, a side-view pattern form, fig. 4 (c) shows state 3, fig. 4 (c) shows a state of forward deflection of the antenna when the single-pole single-throw switch at the current U-shaped radiation slot is opened, and three different radiation pattern states are switched, so that the pattern reconfigurable can be realized. By controlling the two single pole single throw switches at the two reflector radiating slots, three beam reconfigurability, i.e. multi-beam switched scanning, can be achieved in the E-plane of the antenna. The embodiment 1 of the invention realizes miniaturized, wide-bandwidth and pattern reconfigurable phase 1-bit switching and can be applied to various digital multi-beam bit arrays.
The invention provides a novel electromagnetic super-surface directional diagram reconfigurable phase 1-bit radiation structure, which combines a directional diagram reconfigurable technology with a digital phase bit antenna for the first time, realizes phase 1-bit switching under different radiation modes, and can be suitable for different multi-beam array applications. In the antenna design, the invention provides a novel miniaturized broadband pattern reconfigurable antenna based on an electromagnetic super surface, a U-shaped reconfigurable reflector radiation slot loaded by a dielectric resonator is utilized, pattern reconfigurability (miniaturized pattern reconfigurability design) under a compact size is realized, and the design can be migrated into a wide-angle scanning array and a multi-beam reconfigurability array design.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the invention provides a two-dimensional beam scanning array based on a one-dimensional linear array, which comprises a pattern reconfigurable phase 1 bit antenna and a plurality of antenna array elements 13, wherein the antenna array elements 13 are formed by taking the pattern reconfigurable phase 1 bit antenna as an array element, and the antenna array elements 13 are arranged in a linear equidistant manner.
In this embodiment, four antenna elements (C1-C4) are illustrated.
In this embodiment, the one-dimensional linear array based two-dimensional scanning digital multi-beam array provided by the invention comprises a miniaturized electromagnetic super surface 1, a metal patch unit 2, a dielectric resonator 3, a phase 1 bit coupling feed slot 4, a reflector radiation slot 5, a phase bit switch circuit 6, a reconfigurable reflector slot switch circuit 7, a feed microstrip line 8, a switch direct current bias circuit 9, a metal floor 10, a metal reflecting plate 11, nylon screws 12 and four antenna array elements (C1-C4) 13 on the array.
The miniaturized electromagnetic super surface 1 is composed of a metal patch unit 2 and a dielectric resonator 3, wherein the metal patch unit 2 on the miniaturized electromagnetic super surface 1 is a small periodic metal patch and is attached to the upper surface of the dielectric resonator 3, the dielectric resonator 3 is made of dielectric material with high dielectric constant and low loss, the dielectric resonator 3 is fixedly penetrated on a metal floor 10 through a nylon screw 12, a phase 1 bit coupling feed gap 4 is etched at the middle position of the metal floor 10 and is in parallel symmetrical distribution, the phase 1 bit coupling feed gap 4 comprises two I-shaped coupling feed gaps which are in parallel symmetrical distribution, a reflector radiation gap 5 is etched on the metal floor 10 and is in parallel symmetrical distribution and is close to the front side and the rear side of the miniaturized electromagnetic super surface 1 and faces towards the outer side direction (two short side directions), the reflector radiation slot 5 comprises two U-shaped radiation slots which are symmetrically distributed in parallel, the phase bit switch circuit 6 is printed on the back of the metal floor 10 and is positioned in the middle of the phase 1 bit coupling feed slot 4, the phase bit switch circuit 6 is a switch circuit with a single-pole double-throw function and consists of a single-pole double-throw switch (a radio frequency switch chip or a PIN diode combination) and a microstrip line, and is a component part of the feed microstrip line 8, the reconfigurable reflector slot switch circuit 7 is printed on the back of the metal floor 10 and is positioned on two sides of the reflector radiation slot 5, the reconfigurable reflector slot switch circuit 7 is a switch circuit with a single-pole single-throw function and consists of a single-pole single-throw switch (a PIN diode or a radio frequency switch chip) and the microstrip line, the feed microstrip line 8 is a 50ohm microstrip line and is printed on the back of the metal floor 10, the switch direct current bias circuit 9 is printed on the back of the metal floor 10 and is connected with the phase bit switch circuit 6 and the reconfigurable reflector gap switch circuit 7, the switch direct current bias circuit 9 is a direct current bias circuit of a phase shift switch and a reflector switch, the metal floor 10 is a double-sided copper-clad dielectric substrate and is arranged at the bottom of the miniaturized electromagnetic super surface 1, the metal reflecting plate 1 is a thin-layer metal plate, the metal reflecting plate 1 is positioned below the metal floor 10 and is supported and fixed with the metal floor 10 through the nylon screws 12, the front surface and the back surface of the metal reflecting plate 11 are in short circuit with the metal floor 10 through metal bending parts, and the nylon screws 12 are standard nylon screws and are positioned around the miniaturized electromagnetic super surface 1 and the metal floor 10. The antenna array elements 13 on the array are four antennas with 1 bit phase reconfigurable based on the directional diagram of the electromagnetic super surface, the four array elements are arranged in a straight line form (one-dimensional linear array), and the arrangement of the antenna array elements 13 is comprehensively distributed according to the array
In the embodiment, the antenna is provided with a miniaturized electromagnetic super surface 1, and the miniaturized electromagnetic super surface 1 consists of a metal patch unit 2 and a dielectric resonator 3, and is a radiator of the antenna to realize the receiving and transmitting of radio frequency signals; the metal patch unit 2 on the super surface consists of small-sized metal patch units, and a plurality of periodic patch small units excite a uniform surface electric field to obtain a uniform radiation caliber and realize high-efficiency radiation; the dielectric resonator 3 is composed of a dielectric material with high dielectric constant and low loss, is used for radiation of electromagnetic signals, realizes miniaturized design of an antenna due to higher dielectric constant, the phase 1 bit coupling feed slot 4 is composed of two I-shaped slots on the metal floor 10, and is formed by parallel symmetrical distribution, and feed excitation is introduced from the middle by microstrip lines and is used for excitation with 1 bit phase, namely, by arranging two symmetrical slots on the metal floor, when the forward I-shaped slot is selected, the feed phase is 0 DEG, when the backward I-shaped slot is selected, the feed phase is 180 DEG, namely, the selection of 0 DEG or 180 DEG feed phase is realized, the phase 1 bit is switched, the reflector radiation slot 5 is used for realizing reflection of antenna radiation waves, is composed of two U-shaped radiation slots which are parallel symmetrical distribution, and at the moment, the forward and backward two radiation slots are arranged on the metal floor 10, thereby forming a quasi-yagi directional radiation characteristic, when the forward reflector radiation slot 5 is selected, namely, the backward beam reflection of radiation waves is formed, when the forward reflector radiation slot 5 is selected, the forward beam reflection of radiation wave is formed, and when the forward reflector radiation slot 5 is selected, the forward beam reflection radiation is formed, and the forward beam is reflected by the reflector radiation slot 5 is selected, the deflection of the radiation beam is realized, namely, the three-beam switching scanning of the antenna radiation pattern on the E face is realized; the phase bit switch circuit 6 is composed of a switch with a single-pole double-throw function and is used for selecting two phase 1-bit coupling feed slots, when the single-pole double-throw switch is switched to the forward direction, the I-shaped excitation slot in the forward direction is selected at the moment, so that 0-degree phase feed excitation is realized, when the single-pole double-throw switch is switched to the backward direction, the I-shaped excitation slot in the backward direction is selected at the moment, 180-degree phase feed excitation is realized, namely, 1-bit phase switching of 0/180 degrees is realized through the action of the single-pole double-throw switch; the reconfigurable reflector slot switch circuit 7 is arranged on the lower surface of the U-shaped reflector radiation slot 5, consists of two single-pole single-throw switches (PIN diodes or radio frequency switch chips) and a microstrip line circuit, is matched and distributed with the two U-shaped reflector radiation slots 5 to be in one-to-one correspondence for controlling the switch of the two reflector radiation slots, is used for realizing the E-plane reconfigurable of a directional diagram when the single-pole single-throw switch of the corresponding switch circuit 7 at the current U-shaped reflector radiation slot is opened, is excited and selected at the moment when the single-pole single-throw switch of the corresponding switch circuit 7 at the backward U-shaped radiation slot is closed, realizes the backward deflection beam for the backward reflection of the radiation wave, is excited and selected at the moment when the single-pole single-throw switch of the backward U-shaped radiation slot is opened, realizes the backward deflection beam for the backward reflection of the radiation wave, namely the E-plane reconfigurable of the directional diagram, the microstrip line 8 consists of a microstrip line at the back surface of a metal floor 10, the antenna structure comprises a phase bit switch, a switch direct current bias circuit 9, a metal floor 10, a metal reflecting plate 11, a nylon screw 12, a nylon screw and a pair of insulating nylon screws, wherein the phase bit switch is used for exciting a phase 1 bit coupling feed slot, realizing signal input and output of an antenna radiator, realizing excitation and radiation of a miniaturized electromagnetic super surface, the switch direct current bias circuit 9 consists of a direct current control wire, is used for controlling states of the phase bit switch and a reconfigurable slot switch, namely controlling the on-off states of the switch, realizing the on-off states of the phase bit switch and the reconfigurable switch of a pattern, the metal floor 10 consists of a double-sided copper clad plate and is used as a reference ground for antenna radiation, realizing directional radiation of the reference ground and the antenna, the metal reflecting plate 11 consists of a thin-layer metal plate and is used for reflecting the metal floor backward radiation, reducing the backward radiation, realizing reflection and suppression of the antenna backward leakage wave, and the nylon screw 12 is used for fixing the electromagnetic super surface and the metal reflecting cavity and is composed of a metric insulating nylon screw. The antenna array element 13 on the array consists of four pattern reconfigurable phase 1-bit antennas based on electromagnetic super-surfaces as array elements, when a U-shaped reflector radiation slit switch (pattern reconfigurable switch) of each array element is controlled, the array realizes pattern reconfigurable multi-beam scanning of E face, when an I-shaped coupling feed slit switch (1-bit phase switch) of each array element is controlled, the array realizes digital bit multi-beam scanning of H face, and when the pattern reconfigurable switch and the 1-bit phase switch are regulated and controlled simultaneously, the example realizes two-dimensional multi-beam scanning switching, namely two-dimensional multi-beam scanning based on one-dimensional linear array and multi-beam blind coverage. Particularly, the directional diagram reconfigurable 1-bit phase antenna is adopted as an array element of the digital bit array, and the two-dimensional multi-beam scanning switching can be realized on the premise of low cost (without T/R or digital multi-beam forming network and array scale dimension reduction compression), so that the requirements of a planar multi-beam 5G base station on the two-dimensional multi-beam scanning coverage, low cost and small size are met.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, fig. 6 (a) is a top view, fig. 6 (b) is a side view, and fig. 6 (c) is a front view. In the two-dimensional scanning digital multi-beam array embodiment based on the one-dimensional linear array, based on embodiment 1, a pattern reconfigurable phase 1-bit antenna based on an electromagnetic super surface is used as an array element of the array, a plurality of 1-bit antennas are arranged in a linear array form (one-dimensional array), and an array pitch is set to be 0.5λ 0(λ0 which is a free space wavelength at a center frequency of the antenna, so as to realize two-dimensional multi-beam switching scanning, namely, two-dimensional plane multi-beam scanning by the one-dimensional array. In this embodiment, the number of array elements is set to 4 in this example, comprehensively considering the requirements of the 5G multi-beam base station on multi-beam scanning, antenna space size and low cost. Compared with the traditional phased array, the digital multi-beam bit array does not need a T/R component or a digital beam forming network, and the cost of the array is effectively reduced. Compared with the existing digital bit array, the digital multi-beam bit array realizes a two-dimensional multi-beam scanning array based on a one-dimensional linear array for the first time by introducing a pattern reconfigurable technology, namely realizes multi-beam scanning on an array E surface by the pattern reconfigurable technology, and realizes phase scanning multi-beam switching on an H surface by a phase bit form.
In this embodiment, fig. 7 and 8 show the impedance bandwidth and beam scanning performance of the digital multi-beam bit array. Fig. 7 shows the S-parameter performance of the embodiment, wherein fig. 7 (a) shows the reflection coefficient of each array element of the embodiment, and fig. 7 (b) shows the port isolation between each array element of the embodiment. The-10 dB impedance bandwidth of each array element covers 5G new frequency bands of 3.30-3.80GHz and the like, the isolation between the ports of each array element is lower than-18 dB in the whole passband, the array element has good bandwidth and impedance matching performance, and meanwhile, the high isolation brings good scanning characteristics and radiation efficiency. Fig. 8 and 9 are two-dimensional multi-beam switching scan performance of this embodiment. Fig. 8 is a H-plane multi-beam bit switching, and fig. 9 is an E-plane multi-beam reconfigurable scan. Fig. 8 shows the multi-beam scanning performance of the H-plane of the proposed array, wherein fig. 8 (a) shows the radiation pattern of the array in the form of side-emission of maximum gain when the feed phases of the four array elements of the array are set to be in-phase (i.e. 0000), fig. 8 (b) shows the radiation pattern of the H-plane when the feed phases of the first and second array elements of the array are set to be 0 °, the feed phases of the third and fourth array elements are set to be 180 ° (i.e. 0011), fig. 8 (c) shows the feed phases of the first and fourth array elements of the array to be 0 °, the feed phases of the second and third array elements to be 180 ° (i.e. 0110), the radiation pattern of the H-plane is beam, and further tilt-coverage is further performed to both sides, and fig. 8 (d) shows the feed phases of the first and third array elements of the array elements to be set to be 0 °, the feed phases of the second and fourth array elements to be 180 ° (i.e. 0101), the radiation pattern of the two lobes of the H-plane are set to be 0 °, and the tilt-beam coverage is performed to both sides. by controlling the feed phases of four array elements, the array can be operated in four states 0000,0011,0110 and 0101, and the multi-beam phase bit switching of the H face is realized. fig. 9 shows the multi-beam scanning performance of the E-plane of the proposed array, in fig. 9, fig. 9 (a) shows state 1, fig. 9 (b) shows state 2, fig. 9 (c) shows state 3, in which fig. 9 (a) shows that a single pole single throw switch at a front U-shaped reflector radiation slit of each array element is closed, when a single pole single throw switch at a rear U-shaped reflector radiation slit is opened, the direction pattern of the array deflects oblique radiation in the E-plane, fig. 9 (b) shows that single pole single throw switches at two front and rear U-shaped reflector radiation slits of each array element are both closed, the direction pattern of the array is in a maximum gain side-emission form in the E-plane, and fig. 9 (c) shows that a single pole single throw switch at a front U-shaped reflector radiation slit of each array is opened, and when a single pole single throw switch at a rear U-shaped reflector radiation slit is closed, the direction pattern of the array deflects oblique radiation in the E-plane. The single-pole single-throw switch state at the radiation gap of the U-shaped reflector of each array element is controlled, so that the directional diagram of the array can be operated in three different radiation pointing states, and the multi-beam switching of the E surface is realized. Further, by combining the phase bit control of the array element and the radiation pattern reconfigurable control of the array element, i.e. the H-plane phase bit scanning and the E-plane reconfigurable scanning are overlapped, the two-dimensional multi-beam scanning of the one-dimensional linear array is realized. Unlike conventional phased arrays, this example utilizes 1-bit phase switching of four array elements, enabling multiple beam switching in the form of blind-complement at different deflection angles in the H-plane. Different from the existing one-dimensional digital bit array and plane form digital bit array, the embodiment adopts the phase 1 bit antenna with the reconfigurable E-plane directional diagram as an array element, and synchronously controls the reconfigurable switching states of four array elements, thereby realizing multi-beam scanning of the E-plane of the array, and being suitable for application of miniaturized low-cost plane multi-beam base stations. The embodiment 2 of the invention realizes the miniaturization of dimension reduction compression, low cost (linear array VS area array) and wide bandwidth planar two-dimensional multi-beam scanning design, and can be suitable for the application of planar multi-beam base stations.
According to the invention, the array antenna adopts the directional diagram reconfigurable phase 1 bit antenna based on the electromagnetic super surface as the array element, so that two-dimensional plane digital multi-beam scanning based on the one-dimensional linear array is realized for the first time, and the application requirements of a miniaturized, low-cost and plane multi-beam base station and intelligent Internet of things equipment are met. The digital multi-beam bit array provided by the invention can reconstruct a switch and a phase bit switch by controlling the pattern of an array element on the premise of not using a T/R assembly and digital multi-beam forming network feed only in the form of a one-dimensional linear array, namely, the digital multi-beam bit array realizes low-cost two-dimensional plane multi-beam scanning, and meets the requirements of large-scale deployment of 5G base stations and intelligent Internet of things systems.
The two embodiments, namely the directional diagram reconfigurable phase 1 bit antenna and the two-dimensional scanning digital multi-beam bit array based on the one-dimensional linear array, can flexibly adjust the frequency, the polarization form, the quantity, the antenna material/form change and the like according to different application scenes, thereby meeting the application requirements of different wireless communication systems. The array antenna in this embodiment is only one verification embodiment applied to a planar two-dimensional multi-beam 5G base station, and includes, but is not limited to, scheme adjustment of the number of arrays (greater than or equal to two array elements), the form of array (linear array, circular array, conformal array, planar array, sparse/sparse array), and the form of pattern reconfigurable switch and phase bit switch control (the switch type may be PIN diode, radio frequency switch chip, MEMS switch, etc.).
Claims (9)
1. The directional diagram reconfigurable phase 1 bit antenna is characterized by comprising a miniaturized electromagnetic super surface (1), a metal patch unit (2), a dielectric resonator (3), a phase 1 bit coupling feed slot (4), a reflector radiation slot (5), a phase bit switch circuit (6), a reconfigurable reflector slot switch circuit (7), a feed microstrip line (8), a switch direct current bias circuit (9), a metal floor (10), a metal reflecting plate (11) and nylon screws (12);
The miniaturized electromagnetic super surface (1) is composed of a metal patch unit (2) and a dielectric resonator (3), the metal patch unit (2) is positioned on the dielectric resonator (3), the dielectric resonator (3) is fixedly penetrated on a metal floor (10) through a nylon screw (12), phase 1 bit coupling feed slots (4) are etched at the middle position of the metal floor (10) and are symmetrically distributed in parallel, reflector radiation slots (5) are etched on the metal floor (10) and are symmetrically distributed in parallel, the front side and the rear side of the miniaturized electromagnetic super surface (1) are close to the two outward directions, a phase bit switch circuit (6) is printed on the back of the metal floor (10) and is positioned in the middle of the phase 1 bit coupling feed slots (4), reconfigurable reflector slot switch circuits (7) are printed on the back of the metal floor (10) and are positioned on two sides of the reflector radiation slots (5), feed lines (8) are printed on the back of the metal floor (10) and are connected with the microstrip switch circuit (7) in a bias way, the phase 1 bit switch circuit (7) is connected with the back of the microstrip switch circuit (9), the miniature electromagnetic super-surface (1) is characterized in that the metal floor (10) is arranged at the bottom of the miniature electromagnetic super-surface (1), the metal reflecting plate (11) is arranged below the metal floor (10) and is supported and fixed with the metal floor (10) through the nylon screws (12), the front surface and the rear surface of the metal reflecting plate (11) are in short circuit with the metal floor (10) through metal bending parts, the nylon screws (12) are arranged on the periphery of the miniature electromagnetic super-surface (1) and the periphery of the metal floor (10), the metal floor (10) is a double-sided copper-clad medium substrate, and the metal reflecting plate (11) is a thin-layer metal plate.
2. The pattern reconfigurable phase 1 bit antenna of claim 1, wherein the dielectric resonator (3) is a high permittivity low loss dielectric material.
3. The pattern reconfigurable phase 1 bit antenna of claim 1, wherein the phase 1 bit coupling feed slot (4) comprises two parallel symmetrically distributed elongated slot coupling feed slots.
4. The pattern reconfigurable phase 1 bit antenna according to claim 1, wherein the reflector radiation slot (5) is two slot-shaped radiation slots which are distributed in parallel and symmetrically, and the two slot-shaped radiation slots are respectively arranged in the front and rear outer directions of the dielectric resonator (3).
5. The pattern reconfigurable phase 1 bit antenna of claim 1, wherein the phase bit switching circuit (6) is a switching circuit with single pole double throw function.
6. The pattern reconfigurable phase 1 bit antenna of claim 1, wherein the reconfigurable reflector slot switching circuit (7) is a switching circuit with a single pole single throw function.
7. The pattern reconfigurable phase 1 bit antenna of claim 1, wherein the switched direct current bias circuit (9) is a state control circuit of a phase shift switch and a reflector switch.
8. A two-dimensional beam scanning array, characterized in that the two-dimensional beam scanning array comprises a plurality of antenna array elements (13), wherein the plurality of antenna array elements (13) are formed by the directional pattern reconfigurable phase 1 bit antenna as set forth in any one of claims 1-7.
9. A two-dimensional beam scanning array according to claim 8, characterized in that each of the antenna elements (13) is arranged in a one-dimensional line shape, and the antenna elements (13) are arranged distributed according to the array.
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