CN114488367B - A catadioptric nine-module uniform focusing Fresnel lens - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- F24S23/31—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses having discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lenses
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Abstract
本发明提供一种折反射式九模块均匀聚光菲涅尔透镜，采用等齿高直角三角形齿形、中心凸透镜设计，菲涅尔透镜内环采用折射聚光，外环依靠全反射原理和高反射膜实现反射聚光，既解决了菲涅尔透镜口径受限的问题，又扩大了透镜在接收面上的光斑分布面积，接收面上不存在能量高度集中的焦点，避免了菲涅尔透镜设计中存在的四角能量较高现象。折反射式九模块均匀聚光菲涅尔透镜的直角三角形齿形避免了焦点处能量集中现象，能量均匀分布在接受面上一定面积；该设计也降低了加工难度，降低成本，提高光学效率。
The present invention provides a catadioptric nine-module uniform focusing Fresnel lens, which adopts an equal-tooth height right-angled triangle tooth shape and a central convex lens design. The inner ring of the Fresnel lens adopts refraction focusing, and the outer ring relies on the total reflection principle and a high-reflection film to achieve reflection focusing, which not only solves the problem of limited aperture of the Fresnel lens, but also expands the light spot distribution area of the lens on the receiving surface. There is no focus with highly concentrated energy on the receiving surface, which avoids the phenomenon of high energy at the four corners in the design of the Fresnel lens. The right-angled triangle tooth shape of the catadioptric nine-module uniform focusing Fresnel lens avoids the phenomenon of energy concentration at the focus, and the energy is evenly distributed on a certain area on the receiving surface; the design also reduces the difficulty of processing, reduces costs, and improves optical efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a uniform light-gathering Fresnel lens, in particular to a refraction and reflection type nine-module uniform light-gathering Fresnel lens.
Background
At present, the Fresnel lens is widely applied to the field of photovoltaic condensation, and is characterized in that redundant materials are removed on the basis of keeping the curvature radius of the surface of the lens, and each ring on the lens is equivalent to an independent isofocal lens, so that the cost is reduced, and the Fresnel lens is suitable for non-imaging optical condensation. However, the existing fresnel lens has the problem of poor condensing uniformity, which can cause local overheating phenomenon on the surface of the receiver to cause damage to devices, and meanwhile, the existing uniform condensing fresnel lens has some defects, such as limited aperture of the lens, lower optical efficiency and the like.
For example, a uniform plane corrugated inward Fresnel lens is proposed by Wuhan university Wu Heli in Fresnel solar concentrator research, and uniform light condensation is realized, but the design adopts the same mode as that of the traditional Fresnel lens, the surface annular belt adopts an equal annular distance design, the annular distance is 1mm, the tooth height is 0-0.8mm, and referring to related documents, the processing precision of the current domestic Fresnel lens is in the order of tens of micrometers, the relative error of the tooth height caused by insufficient processing precision is larger, and the improvement of optical efficiency is severely limited. In the paper, the center of the Fresnel lens is a plane glass plate, and on a receiving surface, because focal spots of the Fresnel lens are positioned at four corners, the energy of four corners of the receiving surface is larger than that of the center of the receiving surface, and light spots formed by the plane glass plate do not greatly contribute to the improvement of irradiance uniformity of the receiving surface. More importantly, the design does not solve the problem of limitation of total reflection phenomenon on the lens size, light condensation is realized only by means of refraction, and when the caliber of the Fresnel lens is gradually increased, the total reflection phenomenon is inevitably generated, so that the improvement of the caliber of the lens and the increase of the optical efficiency are severely limited.
Korean LEE SUNG JUN has proposed a fresnel lens combination for collecting solar energy, which is layered by stacking a plurality of square fresnel lenses in a lattice shape, in patent No. KR20110041073 a. The square Fresnel lens is formed by a pair of linear Fresnel lenses, overlapped with each other in mutually orthogonal directions, has one square convex lens at the center, and has a pyramid-shaped lattice lens element having curvature formed on the outer periphery of the square convex lens. Each pyramidal lens element corresponds to an individual lens, achieving focusing. The square Fresnel lenses in the shape of a plurality of grids are layered and overlapped, so that the focal length of the lens complex is shortened, the manufacture of the ultra-large lens is facilitated, and the heat loss in the heat collection process is reduced. However, this design lacks a uniform condensing function, and each of the pyramid-shaped lattice-shaped lens elements has a different curvature in order to satisfy the condensing requirement, and each of the lattice-shaped lens elements requires repeated movement of the cutter for processing, resulting in difficulty in processing and a large loss of optical efficiency due to processing errors.
Yan Danyan, shanghai electric college et al, in "design and analysis of toric focal spot total internal reflection Fresnel lens" propose a toric focal spot total internal reflection Fresnel lens which condenses light by means of two total reflections, but when polymethyl methacrylate (polymethyl methacrylate, abbreviated as PMMA) is used, no two total reflections occur when the ring belt inclination is less than 66 degrees, resulting in stray light generation, considering the total reflection condition n sin i N is not less than 1. The design adopts a circular ring belt design, so that the uniformity improvement is limited by the number of the circular rings, namely the geometric light converging ratio of the Fresnel lens; meanwhile, the annular surface focal spot total internal reflection Fresnel lens is circular, and the formed focal spot is annular and is obviously not suitable for splicing large-scale solar arrays.
In addition, the surface of the background technology and other Fresnel lenses is generally not provided with an anti-reflection film, and through practical simulation tests, the relative energy loss caused by reflection can reach 8% on the plane and the refracting surface of the Fresnel lens under the conditions of the anti-reflection film and the non-anti-reflection film, so that the reflection loss is not negligible.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of uneven focusing of the conventional Fresnel lens, and provides a refraction and reflection type nine-module uniform light-gathering Fresnel lens which can effectively solve the problems of poor light-gathering uniformity and local overheating of the surface of a receiver.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way: the refraction and reflection type nine-module uniform light-gathering Fresnel lens is provided, the Fresnel lens is decomposed into nine parts through calculation of a non-imaging optical principle, and the uniformity of energy distribution of focused light spots on the whole receiving surface is improved according to a light field superposition principle. The working surface of the Fresnel lens adopts the working modes of inner ring refraction type condensation and outer ring reflection condensation, so that the defect that light rays are totally reflected on an annular belt with larger annular number (counted from the center to the outside) on the Fresnel lens after the caliber and the geometric condensation ratio of the Fresnel lens are gradually increased is overcome, and the uniform condensation Fresnel lens with any size, high geometric condensation ratio, low F number and other parameters can be obtained.
In order to achieve the purpose, the refraction and reflection type nine-module uniform light-gathering Fresnel lens is provided and is formed by splicing a square convex lens, four parallel straight stripe rectangular Fresnel lenses and four circular arc stripe square Fresnel lenses; the lens surface of the parallel straight stripe Fresnel lens is inscribed with parallel straight stripes from wide to narrow; concentric quarter circular arc stripes from wide to narrow are inscribed on the surface of the circular arc stripe square Fresnel lens, each stripe is of an equal-thickness inclined plane structure, and the cross sections of the stripes are right triangles; the refraction and reflection type nine-module uniform light-gathering Fresnel lens is formed by tightly connecting the short sides of four parallel straight stripe rectangular Fresnel lenses with square convex lenses, connecting the long sides of the four parallel straight stripe rectangular Fresnel lenses with four circular arc stripe square Fresnel lenses in sequence, connecting the four circular arc stripe square Fresnel lenses with four corners of a central lens respectively, and forming an annular belt by each stripe;
The surface annular belt of the Fresnel lens takes the annular belt with the incident angle i meeting the relation of n sin i N < 1 as an inner ring, the inner ring is designed based on a refraction law, the plane where a hypotenuse is positioned and other surfaces of the refraction and reflection type nine-module uniform condensation Fresnel lens are plated with anti-reflection films, the annular belt with the incident angle i meeting the relation of n sin i N more than or equal to 1 as an outer ring is designed based on a total reflection law and a reflection law, and on the basis of the original anti-reflection film design, the plane where a right-angle side of the right-angle triangle tooth-shaped surface vertical to the Fresnel lens is positioned is plated with a high-reflection film.
Further, the stripes of the circular arc stripe square Fresnel lens have a common center;
Furthermore, the design of the right triangle tooth shape and the center convex lens with equal tooth heights is adopted, the inner ring of the Fresnel lens adopts refraction and condensation, the outer ring realizes reflection and condensation by means of the total reflection principle and the high reflection film, and the right triangle tooth shape avoids the phenomenon of energy concentration at a focus.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The refraction and reflection type nine-module uniform light-gathering Fresnel lens applied to photovoltaic power generation comprises a square convex lens, nine modules of four parallel straight stripe rectangular Fresnel lenses and four circular arc stripe square Fresnel lenses are used for generating nine light spots on a receiving surface, the uniformity of focused light spot energy is improved through light spot energy superposition, local hot spots formed by nonuniform light gathering of the traditional point light-gathering Fresnel lens are avoided, and the service life of a solar cell applied by the solar cell is prolonged; the modular design makes processing and combination easier, and can be used for constructing a large-area solar concentrator array, thereby greatly improving efficiency. The Fresnel lens surface annular belt adopts the annular belt with the incident angle i meeting the relation of n sin i N < 1 as an inner ring, the inner ring is designed based on a refraction law, the annular belt with the incident angle i meeting the relation of n sin i N more than or equal to 1 as an outer ring, the outer ring is designed based on a total reflection law and a reflection law, the defect that the lens caliber of a right triangle tooth-shaped Fresnel lens is restricted by the total reflection phenomenon is overcome, and flexible design is realized. The invention adopts the right triangle tooth shape to convert the focus of concentrated energy into the facula with a certain area, and simultaneously reduces the influence of the process error in the actual production process on the optical efficiency of the Fresnel lens, and ensures the optical efficiency. In addition, the plane where the right-angle edge of the Fresnel lens ring belt vertical to the surface of the lens is plated with the high-reflection film, the plane where the hypotenuse is plated with the anti-reflection film, and other surfaces of the refraction and reflection type nine-module uniform condensation Fresnel lens are plated with the anti-reflection film, so that the optical efficiency and the condensation uniformity are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a catadioptric nine-module uniform-condensing Fresnel lens;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a square convex lens;
FIG. 3 is a surface zone distribution of eight Fresnel lens modules;
FIG. 4 is a parallel straight stripe rectangular Fresnel lens;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a circular arc striped square Fresnel lens;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a circular arc striped square Fresnel lens cut from a Fresnel lens with annulus parameters meeting the design requirements of the circular arc striped square Fresnel lens;
fig. 7 is an optical path of a solar light incident catadioptric nine-module uniform condensing fresnel lens.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description. It should not be construed that the scope of the present invention is limited to the following examples, and all techniques realized based on the above-mentioned patent content fall within the scope of the present invention.
The refraction and reflection type nine-module uniform light-gathering Fresnel lens is divided into nine modules, a square convex lens is arranged at the center, four sides of the convex lens are respectively connected with four parallel straight stripe rectangular Fresnel lenses, four corners of the convex lens are connected with four circular arc stripe square Fresnel lenses, and the whole convex lens is of a central symmetrical structure.
The center convex lens is positioned at the center of the whole lens system, all Fresnel lenses are distributed around the center convex lens, and the parallel straight stripe rectangular Fresnel lenses and the circular arc stripe square Fresnel lenses are arranged at intervals.
The parallel straight stripe rectangular Fresnel lens is connected with the central convex lens, the width of the parallel straight stripe rectangular Fresnel lens is equal to the side length of the square convex lens, and the stripes are of an equal-thickness inclined plane structure.
And respectively determining the size and the curvature radius of the central square convex lens according to optical design calculation, and adopting the size, the tooth height, the thickness, the ring width and the ring number of the four parallel straight stripe rectangular Fresnel lenses, the size, the tooth height, the thickness, the ring width and the ring number of the circular arc stripe square Fresnel lenses, the size and the position parameters of a receiving surface and the material parameters of nine modules.
The tooth-shaped sections of the two Fresnel lenses are right triangles, a right triangle right angle side is perpendicular to the surface of the Fresnel lens, the tooth heights are the same, and the hypotenuse forms a refraction surface of incident light.
The right triangle tooth shape of the annular zone of the refraction and reflection type nine-module uniform condensation Fresnel lens is characterized in that the plane where the annular zone is perpendicular to the right-angle edge of the surface of the Fresnel lens is plated with a high reflection film, the plane where the hypotenuse is located and other surfaces of the refraction and reflection type nine-module uniform condensation Fresnel lens are plated with anti-reflection films, so that the transmissivity of the whole lens can be increased, and the limit of the size of the Fresnel lens due to the total reflection phenomenon of the annular zone on the outer side of the Fresnel lens is broken through.
The annular belt design principle that the working surface of the Fresnel lens has smaller number of rings (counted from the center to the outside) realizes light condensation based on a refraction law, so that light rays are focused on a receiving surface after passing through the lens; the annular band design principle that the working face of the Fresnel lens has a large number of rings realizes condensation based on the law of total reflection and the law of reflection, and after light enters the lens, the light is focused on a receiving surface through primary total reflection, primary reflection and primary refraction, so that the defect that the total reflection phenomenon restricts the aperture expansion of the common Fresnel lens is converted into the advantage that the aperture of the lens is expanded by utilizing the total reflection principle, and the limitation of the total reflection phenomenon on the aperture and the geometric light concentration ratio of the Fresnel lens is broken through.
Concentric arcs with the annular distance from large to small are inscribed on the lens surface of the arc stripe square Fresnel lens, stripes are of an equal tooth height inclined plane structure, and two sides of the stripes are connected with the parallel straight stripe rectangular Fresnel lens. Further, the stripes of the circular arc stripe square Fresnel lens have a common center.
The front view of the catadioptric nine-module uniform-focusing fresnel lens according to this embodiment is shown in fig. 1. The lens is formed by splicing a square convex lens 1, four parallel straight stripe rectangular Fresnel lenses 2 and four circular arc stripe square Fresnel lenses 3. The lens surface of the parallel straight stripe Fresnel lens 2 is inscribed with parallel straight stripes from wide to narrow; concentric quarter circular arc stripes from wide to narrow are recorded on the surface of the circular arc stripe square Fresnel lens 3, and the tooth heights of the stripes are equal.
The refraction and reflection type nine-module uniform light-gathering Fresnel lens is formed by tightly connecting the short sides of four parallel straight stripe rectangular Fresnel lenses 2 with square convex lenses, connecting the long sides of the four parallel straight stripe rectangular Fresnel lenses with four circular arc stripe square Fresnel lenses 3 in sequence, and connecting the four circular arc stripe square Fresnel lenses 3 with four corners of a central lens respectively.
The refraction and reflection type nine-module uniform light-gathering Fresnel lens can be deduced by the following formula:
The thickness of the central convex lens is consistent with the tooth height of the Fresnel lens, and is obtained by geometric relation:
R2＝(R-h)2+r2 (1)
Wherein R is the curvature radius of the central convex lens, h is the thickness, and R is the half width of the central convex lens.
As shown in fig. 2, the center lens spherical focal length formula is as follows:
Where n' is the ambient refractive index and n is the refractive index of the lens material. The focal length of the lens is obtained, and further, irradiance distribution of the refraction and reflection type nine-module uniform light-gathering Fresnel lens on the receiving surface is determined.
The tooth-shaped section of each ring is right triangle as shown in the right triangle tooth-shaped section 4 with equal tooth height. When n sin i N is less than or equal to 1, the Fresnel lens ring belt is designed based on a refraction principle, the plane where the hypotenuse is located and other surfaces of the refraction and reflection type nine-module uniform condensation Fresnel lens are plated with anti-reflection films, when n sin i N is more than or equal to 1, the Fresnel lens ring belt is designed based on a total reflection principle and a reflection principle, and on the basis of the original anti-reflection film design, the plane where the right angle edge of the right triangle tooth-shaped surface vertical to the Fresnel lens is plated with a high reflection film, such as a Fresnel lens module light path diagram 7.
Deducing a Fresnel lens girdle design formula designed based on a refraction principle, and obtaining that each ring parameter meets the following conditions according to an optical formula and a geometric relation:
n sin iN＝n′sin i′N (3)
βN＝90°-i′N+iN (6)
Wherein a N is the width of each ring, i N is the incident angle, i' N is the refraction angle, alpha N is the angle between the right-angle side of the right triangle perpendicular to the plane of the Fresnel lens and the hypotenuse, beta N is the angle between the refraction light and the plane of the Fresnel lens, and N is the number of rings.
Deducing a Fresnel lens girdle design formula designed based on a total reflection principle and a reflection principle, and obtaining that each ring parameter meets the following conditions according to an optical formula and a geometric relation:
n sin iN＝n′sin i′N (8)
iN＝i"N (9)
γN＝90°-i′N+αN (12)
Wherein, gamma N is the included angle formed by the refraction light and the right angle side of the right triangle tooth shape perpendicular to the surface of the Fresnel lens.
The formula (1) -formula (13) is a derivation formula related to the patent of the invention, but the obtaining of lens parameters is not limited to the formula, so that the purpose of uniform light condensation is achieved, and the catadioptric nine-module uniform light condensation Fresnel lens is formed. The lens is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, but can be extended to any scheme that can implement uniform light collection.
As shown in fig. 7, the sunlight incident refraction-reflection type nine-module uniform light-condensing fresnel lens is made of common materials such as PMMA, and the embodiment can be designed and manufactured by the following steps:
the size of the refraction and reflection type nine-module uniform condensation Fresnel lens is determined, the size of the square convex lens is 10mm multiplied by 10mm, the size of the parallel straight stripe rectangular Fresnel lens 2 is 10mm multiplied by 40mm, the size of the circular arc stripe square Fresnel lens 3 is 40mm multiplied by 40mm, the overall size is 90mm multiplied by 90mm, the tooth height h=0.4 mm, the thickness is 1mm, the distance between the receiving surfaces is 89.8mm, and the size of the receiving surfaces is 10mm multiplied by 10mm.
The light path of each ring of edge light is calculated according to the principle of the edge light and the design requirement of uniform light condensation on the surface. Further, parameters of each ring of the Fresnel lens are determined, and the parameters of each ring are deduced based on the intersection of the edge light rays of each right triangle section and the focus of the central convex lens, so that the Fresnel lens does not have a focus with high energy concentration.
The central square lens 1 in the catadioptric nine-module uniform condensing fresnel lens according to this embodiment may be cut from a common circular convex lens, a square is made in the common circular convex lens, four top corners of the square are located on edges of the convex lens, and cutting is performed to obtain the square convex lens 1, as shown in fig. 2.
The circular arc stripe square fresnel lens 3 in this embodiment is obtained by cutting a fresnel lens with ring belt parameters meeting the design requirement of the circular arc stripe square fresnel lens, as shown in fig. 6, a square is made in the equal-thickness inclined fresnel lens, four vertex angles of the square are located on the boundary of the circular equal-thickness inclined plane fresnel lens, the square fresnel lens is cut along the cutting line 7, and then the square fresnel lens is symmetrically divided into four modules along the central line, so that the side length of the square fresnel lens is ensured to be equal to the long side of the rectangular fresnel lens, as shown in fig. 5.
As shown in fig. 4, the parallel straight stripe rectangular fresnel lens 2 in this embodiment ensures that the width of the parallel straight stripe rectangular fresnel lens 2 is equal to the side length of the central square convex lens 1, and the length is equal to the side length of the circular arc stripe square fresnel lens 3.
The eight fresnel lens modules all have a surface zone distribution as shown in fig. 3, and include an inner zone 6 and an outer zone 5.
In summary, the invention designs the refraction and reflection type nine-module uniform light-gathering Fresnel lens, and square uniform light-gathering spots can be generated.
The refraction and reflection type nine-module uniform condensation Fresnel lens creatively provided by the invention adopts the design of the equal-tooth-height right triangle tooth shape and the central convex lens, the inner ring of the Fresnel lens adopts refraction and condensation, the outer ring realizes reflection and condensation by means of the total reflection principle and the high reflection film, the problem of the limitation of the caliber of the Fresnel lens is solved, the light spot distribution area of the lens on the receiving surface is enlarged, the focal point with high concentrated energy does not exist on the receiving surface, and the phenomenon of higher energy of four corners in the design of the Fresnel lens is avoided. The rectangular triangle tooth shape of the refraction and reflection type nine-module uniform condensation Fresnel lens avoids the phenomenon of energy concentration at a focus, and the energy is uniformly distributed on a receiving surface for a certain area; the design also reduces the processing difficulty, reduces the cost and improves the optical efficiency.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
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| CN104199132A (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2014-12-10 | 四川钟顺太阳能开发有限公司 | Multi-focus light spot energy homogenizing Fresnel lens |
| CN105607238A (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2016-05-25 | 陕西科技大学 | Nine-focus superposition uniform concentration Fresnel lenses for concentration photovoltaic power generation |
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| EP2278630A1 (en) * | 2008-04-08 | 2011-01-26 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Optical member for light concentration and concentrator photovoltaic module |
| TWI414827B (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2013-11-11 | Entire Technology Co Ltd | Compound light concentrating apparatus |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104199132A (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2014-12-10 | 四川钟顺太阳能开发有限公司 | Multi-focus light spot energy homogenizing Fresnel lens |
| CN105607238A (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2016-05-25 | 陕西科技大学 | Nine-focus superposition uniform concentration Fresnel lenses for concentration photovoltaic power generation |
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