CN114488334A - Laser warning device and method based on Sight Detector - Google Patents

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a laser alarm device and method based on a view detector, belonging to the technical field of laser alarm. The device comprises: the system comprises an optical system, a view detector, a first comparator, a second comparator and a processor, wherein the view detector comprises a photosensitive device array and an integration module, and the optical system converges incident light to the view detector; the photosensitive device array converts incident light into an electric signal; the integration module performs integration processing on the electric signal, records integration time and outputs an energy value of the integrated electric signal; the first comparator judges whether the energy value is larger than an energy threshold value or not; the integration module responds to the energy value being larger than the energy threshold value and outputs a data packet comprising integration time; the second comparator judges whether the integration time is less than a time threshold value; and the processor responds to the fact that the integration time is smaller than the time threshold value, determines that the incident light forms a laser threat and controls the alarm device to send an alarm. The integral delay can reach hundreds of microseconds, and the requirement of high-speed detection is met.

Description

Laser warning device and method based on Sight Detector

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of laser warning, in particular to a laser warning method and device based on a vision detector.

Background technique

Photoelectric imaging detection is widely used in remote sensing, military, environmental monitoring and other fields, and has the advantages of fast acquisition speed, large imaging range, and intuitive output information. In the field of military applications, it plays an important role in quickly obtaining situational information, assisting decision-making, supporting operations, and evaluating strike effects. However, with the installation of high-power laser weapons in many countries, such as Russia's "Peresvet" vehicle-mounted laser weapons, the power can reach up to 300kw, and the 1.06μm solid-state laser in the United States has a power of up to 150kw, which can achieve continuous Laser emission, which has been equipped on destroyers and aircraft carriers, poses a huge threat to photoelectric imaging detectors.

Therefore, the protection of photoelectric imaging detectors is very important, and laser warning is the basis of protection. Laser warning is to monitor the surrounding environment in real time, detect threats in time and give an alarm when laser irradiation is found, and guide the protection system to take corresponding measures. At present, a variety of laser warning methods have been developed, which can be roughly divided into imaging detection type and coding detection type. The imaging detection type alarm technology displays the laser threat source as a bright spot by imaging the irradiated laser signal on the detector and outputting it in the image. The imaging detection type alarm technology has the characteristics of high resolution and intuitive output. However, due to the need for imaging output, The alarm time is relatively long. The coded detection alarm technology is based on the idea of channel detection, allowing lasers in different directions to enter different detection channels, and through analysis and processing at the back end, the laser signal is extracted, and the direction of the laser source is judged according to the corresponding relationship. It has high flexibility and fast speed. advantage. However, the shortest time that the existing alarm technology can achieve is in the order of milliseconds, which is still difficult to meet the demanding requirements of delay such as military applications.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a laser alarm device and method based on a video detector, which is used to solve the problem that the current alarm technology is difficult to meet the requirement of high-speed detection.

In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a laser warning device, the device includes: an optical system, a vision detector, a first comparator, a second comparator, and a processor, and the vision detector includes A photosensitive device array and an integration module, the optical system is used for converging incident light to the video detector; the photosensitive device array is used for converting the incident light into an electrical signal; the integration module is used for all the The electrical signal is integrated and the integration time is recorded, and the energy value of the integrated electrical signal is output; the first comparator is used to judge whether the energy value is greater than the energy threshold; the integration module is used to respond to the energy the value is greater than the energy threshold, outputting a data packet, the data packet includes the integration time; the second comparator is used to judge whether the integration time is less than the time threshold; and the processor is used to respond to the integration time less than The time threshold determines that the incident light constitutes a laser threat and controls the alarm device to issue an alarm.

Optionally, the data packet further includes the coordinate value of the incident light on the photosensitive device array of the vision detector, and the processor is further configured to respond that the integration time is less than the time threshold, according to the The focal length of the optical system, the pixel size and duty cycle of the vision detector, and the coordinate values are used to calculate the incident angle of the incident light to locate the incident light.

Optionally, the processor calculates the incident angle of the incident light according to the following formula:

Wherein, θ is the incident angle of the incident light, (x ₀ , y ₀ ) is the coordinate value, d is the pixel size of the vision detector, ε is the duty cycle of the vision detector, f is the focal length of the optical system.

Optionally, the integration module is further configured to reset in response to the energy value being greater than the energy threshold value.

Optionally, the first comparator is a separate comparator or a comparator provided in the vision detector.

Correspondingly, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a laser alarm method, the method includes: converting incident light into an electrical signal; performing integration processing on the electrical signal to obtain an energy value of the integrated electrical signal; judging the whether the energy value is greater than an energy threshold; in response to the energy value being greater than the energy threshold, acquiring a data packet, the data packet including an integration time; judging whether the integration time is less than a time threshold; and in response to the integration time being less than the The time threshold is determined to determine that the incident light constitutes a laser threat, and the alarm device is controlled to issue an alarm.

Optionally, the data packet further includes the coordinate value of the incident light in the photosensitive device array, and the method further includes: in response to the integration time being less than the time threshold, according to the focal length of the optical system, the The pixel size and duty cycle of the vision detector, and the coordinate values are used to calculate the incident angle of the incident light.

Optionally, calculate the incident angle of the incident light according to the following formula:

Wherein, θ is the incident angle of the incident light, (x ₀ , y ₀ ) is the coordinate value, d is the pixel size of the vision detector, ε is the duty cycle of the vision detector, f is the focal length of the optical system.

The laser warning device and method based on the video detector provided by the embodiment of the present invention does not require imaging, and only needs to detect the energy value of the electrical signal integrated by the video detector according to the threshold value in the data stream, and then it can be judged whether it is threatened by laser light , and can locate the laser source according to the position information contained in the signal output by the vision detector. The overall delay of the laser alarm device can reach hundreds of microseconds, which solves the problem that the current alarm technology cannot meet the needs of high-speed detection.

Other features and advantages of embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in the detailed description section that follows.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, and constitute a part of the specification, and are used to explain the embodiments of the present invention together with the following specific embodiments, but do not constitute limitations to the embodiments of the present invention. In the attached image:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a laser warning device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 shows a geometrical schematic for locating incident light that constitutes a laser threat.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic flowchart of a laser warning method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The specific implementations of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation manners described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the embodiments of the present invention, and are not used to limit the embodiments of the present invention.

At present, the existing detection-type alarm technology requires imaging to determine whether there is a laser threat and laser source location information, and the decision-making link time is long; although the coded detection-type alarm technology does not require imaging, it requires complex back-end processing, which also increases It is not conducive to the real-time requirements of laser alarms, especially in military application scenarios, which have extremely strict requirements on the alarm time, and generally need to reach the sub-millisecond level. Based on this, the embodiments of the present invention provide a laser alarm device and method based on a video detector, which are used to solve the problem that the current alarm technology cannot meet the requirement of high-speed detection. The feature of the video detector is that each photosensitive device is regarded as a photon catcher. When the collected photon energy reaches a predetermined threshold, a pulse is generated. The pulse and the time required to form the pulse are called a visual element (vit). , the visual elements generated by each photosensitive device are arranged in a sequence according to the time order, and the pulse sequences generated by all photosensitive devices are arranged in an array according to the spatial arrangement of the devices, which is visual. The advantage of the video detector is that it has an infinite dynamic range in theory, and the alarm time of the laser warning device formed by the video detector can reach hundreds of microseconds, which is suitable for the application requirements of laser warning.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a laser warning device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a laser warning device. The laser warning device may include an optical system, a Vidar detector, a first comparator, a second comparator, and a processor.

The optical system is used to focus the incident light on the sight-darling detector. The optical system can be any conventional optical system used for condensing light, for example, it can be any type of lens and the like.

Assume that the radiance of the laser before reaching the optical system is L (unit: w/m ² /sr, watt/square meter/solid angle), the focal length of the optical system is f (unit: mm, millimeter), and the aperture is D (unit: mm ), the transmittance is τ, then the irradiance E (unit: w/m ² ) reaching the vision detector is:

A photosensitive device array and an integrating module are arranged in the video detector. The photosensitive device array converts incident light into electrical signals through the photoelectric effect. Assuming that the quantum efficiency of the video detector is η, and the pixel size of the photosensitive device array is d (m), the electrical signal power P (unit: w) after photoelectric conversion of the video detector is:

P=Eηd ² (2)

The integration module performs integration processing on the electrical signal, records the integration time, and outputs the energy value of the integrated electrical signal. The integration process is a process of accumulating incident light energy. The integration module can be set to output the energy value of the integrated electrical signal for each clock signal, and set the integration time to be t, then the energy value E _J (unit: J) output by the integrator is:

E _J = Pt (3)

The integration module outputs the energy value to the first comparator, and the first comparator determines whether the energy value is greater than the energy threshold value. The energy threshold may be any suitable value set experimentally. Set the energy threshold as E _c (unit: J). If the energy value is greater than the energy threshold, the first comparator will output a trigger signal to the integration module to indicate that the energy value is greater than the energy threshold. The integration module outputs a data packet in response to the trigger signal, and the data packet includes at least the integration time t. The data packets may be output in pulses, eg in the form of a high-level pulse. If the energy value is not greater than the energy threshold, the first comparator outputs another trigger signal to the integration module, and the integration module continues to perform integration processing in response to the other trigger signal. Further, the integration module can also be reset in response to the trigger signal, and both the integration time and the integration energy value can be reset to zero, so as to perform the next integration process.

The data packet may be output to a second comparator that determines whether the integration time t in the data packet is less than a time threshold _tc . Due to the characteristics of the vision detector, when the collected signal energy reaches the predetermined threshold, a pulse will be generated, so the integration time can actually be used to judge the power of the incident light, and then judge whether it is laser input. The threshold t _c can be obtained through the second comparator whether there is a laser threat. If t < t _c , there is a laser threat and an alarm is issued. If t>t _c there is no laser threat. The time threshold may be any suitable value set experimentally.

Specifically, the second comparator may output the judgment result to the processor. If the judgment result indicates that the integration time t is less than the time threshold t _c , the processor determines that the incident light constitutes a laser threat in response to the judgment result, and controls the alarm device to issue an alarm. If the judgment result indicates that the integration time is not less than the time threshold t _c , the processor determines that the incident light does not constitute a laser threat in response to the judgment result. The alarm device may be any type of alarm device, for example, a voice alarm device, a light alarm device, an acousto-optic alarm device, and/or a text alarm device, and the like.

Based on the above process, the laser warning device completes the laser threat detection in the data flow stage without imaging, and only two simple comparators are needed based on the vision detector, which can shorten the detection time to hundreds of microseconds.

In any embodiment of the present invention, the first comparator may be a separate comparator, or may be a comparator provided in the vision detector. If the processing speed of the comparator set in the video detector meets the application requirements, you can use the comparator set in the video detector. If it does not meet the application requirements, you can set a separate comparator whose processing speed meets the application requirements. .

In further embodiments of the present invention, the processor may also locate incident light that constitutes a laser threat. Specifically, the data packet output by the integration module in response to the trigger signal whose energy value is greater than the energy threshold value may further include the coordinate value of the incident light on the photosensitive device array of the vision detector. In response to the integration time being less than the time threshold, the processor calculates the incident angle of the incident light according to the focal length of the optical system, the pixel size and duty cycle of the vision detector, and the coordinate value. As shown in FIG. 2 , the incident angle is the angle between the incident light and the optical axis of the optical system. The optical axis of the optical system is perpendicular to the center point of the array during the photosensitive period.

Specifically, the processor can calculate the incident angle of the incident laser light according to the following formula:

Wherein, θ is the incident angle of the incident light, (x ₀ , y ₀ ) is the coordinate value, d is the pixel size of the vision detector, ε is the duty cycle of the vision detector, f is the focal length of the optical system.

The laser warning device based on the video detector provided by the embodiment of the present invention does not require imaging, and only needs to detect the energy value of the electrical signal integrated by the video detector according to the threshold in the data stream, so as to determine whether the laser is threatened, and In addition, the laser source can be positioned according to the position information contained in the signal output by the vision detector. The overall delay of the laser alarm device can reach hundreds of microseconds, which solves the problem that the current alarm technology cannot meet the needs of high-speed detection.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic flowchart of a laser warning method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3 , an embodiment of the present invention further provides a laser warning method, and the method may include the following steps:

In step S310, the incident light is converted into an electrical signal. This step can be performed by the optical system and the photosensitive device array of the sight-detector. The optical system converges the incident light to the sight-dar detector, and the photosensitive device array converts the incident light into electrical signals.

Step S320, performing integration processing on the electrical signal to obtain the energy value of the integrated electrical signal.

Step S330, judging whether the energy value is greater than an energy threshold. If the energy value is greater than the energy threshold, step S330 is performed, otherwise, step S320 is continued.

Step S340, in response to the energy value being greater than the energy threshold, acquiring a data packet, where the data packet includes the integration time.

Step S350, judging whether the integration time is less than a time threshold. If the integration time is less than the time threshold, step S360 is executed, otherwise, it is determined that the laser threat is not constituted.

Step S360, in response to the integration time being less than the time threshold, determine that the incident light constitutes a laser threat and control an alarm device to issue an alarm.

In a further embodiment, the method may further locate the incident light if it is determined that the incident light constitutes a laser threat. Specifically, the data packet may further include the coordinate value of the incident light on the photosensitive device array of the vision detector, and in response to the integration time being less than the time threshold, the focal length of the optical system, the The pixel size and duty cycle of the vision detector, and the coordinate value calculate the incident angle of the incident light. Specifically, the incident angle can be calculated according to the formula (4) described above.

The specific working principle and benefits of the laser warning method based on the video detector provided by the embodiment of the present invention are the same as the specific working principle and benefits of the laser warning device based on the video detector provided by the embodiment of the present invention, which will not be repeated here. .

Compared with the related prior art, the laser warning device and method based on the vision detector provided by the embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages:

(1) In theory, it has infinite dynamic range. Due to the special mechanism of the vision detector, the dynamic range of the scene that can be detected can be controlled by adjusting the energy threshold _Ec , so it can theoretically reach an infinite dynamic range. The possible limiting factor is the sensitivity of the detector.

(2) The embodiment of the present invention does not need to detect the alarm after imaging, and can detect whether there is laser irradiation in the data stream. Because the present invention can judge whether there is laser irradiation by detecting whether the integration time of the pulse signal is greater than the time threshold, it is not necessary to judge by quantizing the number of bits.

(3) The laser alarm time of the embodiment of the present invention can reach hundreds of microseconds. Since no imaging is required, the data stream is used to judge the laser alarm, which greatly reduces the delay, and the pulse generation time of the vision detector (that is, the above-mentioned The integration time described above) depends on the energy threshold and the incident light energy. Laser weapons generally have an energy of more than 100kw. Once incident on the vision detector, the pulse generation time can reach the level of ten microseconds. Considering the subsequent data transmission and processing delay, the total delay can reach the level of one hundred microseconds.

It should be noted that the terms "comprising", "comprising" or any other variation thereof are intended to encompass a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also no Other elements expressly listed, or which are also inherent to such a process, method, article of manufacture or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element qualified by the phrase "comprising a..." does not preclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article of manufacture or apparatus that includes the element.

The above are merely examples of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations of this application are possible for those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of this application shall be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims (8)

1. A laser warning device, characterized in that the device comprises: an optical system, an eye-finder, a first comparator, a second comparator, and a processor, the eye-finder comprising an array of photosensitive devices and an integration module,

the optical system is used for converging incident light to the view detector;

the photosensitive device array is used for converting the incident light into an electric signal;

the integration module is used for performing integration processing on the electric signal, recording integration time and outputting an energy value of the integrated electric signal;

the first comparator is used for judging whether the energy value is larger than an energy threshold value;

the integration module is used for responding to the energy value being larger than the energy threshold value and outputting a data packet, and the data packet comprises an integration time;

the second comparator is used for judging whether the integration time is smaller than a time threshold value; and

the processor is configured to determine that the incident light constitutes a laser threat and control an alarm device to issue an alarm in response to the integration time being less than the time threshold.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the data packet further comprises coordinate values of the incident light at an array of photosensitive devices of the view detector,

and the processor is also used for responding to the integral time being smaller than the time threshold value, calculating the incident angle of the incident light according to the focal length of the optical system, the size and the duty ratio of the visual detector pixel and the coordinate value so as to locate the incident light.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the processor calculates the incident angle of the incident light according to the following equation:

where θ is the incident angle of the incident light, (x)₀,y₀) D is the pixel size of the view detector, epsilon is the duty ratio of the view detector, and f is the focal length of the optical system.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the integration module is further configured to reset in response to the energy value being greater than the energy threshold.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first comparator is a separate comparator or a comparator provided in the view detector.

6. A laser warning method, characterized in that the method comprises:

converting incident light into an electrical signal;

integrating the electric signal to obtain an energy value of the integrated electric signal;

judging whether the energy value is larger than an energy threshold value;

in response to the energy value being greater than the energy threshold, retrieving a data packet, the data packet comprising an integration time;

judging whether the integration time is less than a time threshold value; and

and responding to the integral time smaller than the time threshold value, determining that the incident light constitutes a laser threat and controlling an alarm device to send an alarm.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the data packet further comprises coordinate values of the incident light on an array of photosensitive devices, the method further comprising:

and responding to the integral time being smaller than the time threshold value, calculating the incident angle of the incident light according to the focal length of the optical system, the size and the duty ratio of the visual detector pixel and the coordinate value.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the incident angle of the incident light is calculated according to the following formula:

where θ is the incident angle of the incident light, (x)₀,y₀) D is the pixel size of the view detector, epsilon is the duty ratio of the view detector, and f is the focal length of the optical system.

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