CN114486522B - Mechanical triaxial experiment instrument with controllable confining pressure - Google Patents
Mechanical triaxial experiment instrument with controllable confining pressure Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0605—Mechanical indicating, recording or sensing means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mechanical triaxial experiment instrument with controllable confining pressure, which is characterized by comprising the following components: the device comprises a load frame, a confining pressure applying device, an axial pressurizing device, a confining pressure stabilizing device and an axial strain measuring device; the mechanical triaxial experiment instrument with controllable confining pressure strengthens the axial pressurizing strength, is sufficient to reach the limit stress of soft rock, is accurate and can adjust confining pressure, and can perform triaxial experiments under high confining pressure. The mechanical triaxial experimental instrument with controllable confining pressure has the advantages of accurate and controllable confining pressure, high confining pressure, portability, good economy, high axial pressure and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of triaxial testers, and relates to a mechanical triaxial tester with controllable confining pressure.
Background
The experimental object of the common triaxial experiment instrument is mostly soft soil samples, the experiment instrument is huge in size and cannot be carried, and the common triaxial experiment instrument cannot meet the triaxial experiment confining pressure with soft rock as the sample. The ordinary triaxial experiment instrument provides the confining pressure for the sample in a water injection mode, the water injection and drainage time is long, the operation process of the experiment is complex, the available confining pressure is small, the confining pressure is about 0.01MPa, the confining pressure requirement of the triaxial experiment taking the rock soil as the sample can only be met, but the confining pressure requirement of the triaxial experiment taking the soft rock as a research object needs to reach 5MPa to 10MPa, and therefore, the ordinary triaxial experiment instrument cannot meet the confining pressure requirement of the triaxial experiment taking the soft rock as the sample at all. And the price of a common triaxial tester is tens of thousands to millions, the manufacturing cost is high, and the triaxial tester is huge and cannot be carried, so that a portable triaxial tester with adjustable confining pressure and capable of meeting the confining pressure requirement of soft rock is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a mechanical triaxial experiment instrument with controllable confining pressure.
The invention provides a mechanical triaxial experiment instrument with controllable confining pressure, which comprises: the device comprises a load frame, a confining pressure applying device, an axial pressurizing device, a confining pressure stabilizing device and an axial strain measuring device; the load frame is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer is used for placing an experimental sample, the lower layer is provided with an axial loading device, and the axial loading device applies axial pressure to the experimental sample from the lower direction;
the confining pressure applying device includes: the device comprises a pressurized steel belt, a fixed steel bar, a rotary drum gear and a rotary drum driving mechanism; the rotary cylinder is arranged on the upper layer of the load frame through a bearing and sleeved outside the experimental sample, the pressurizing steel belt and the fixed steel bar are arranged inside the rotary cylinder, the fixed steel bar is arranged close to the experimental sample and axially parallel to the experimental sample, one end of the pressurizing steel belt is connected with the fixed steel bar, and the other end of the pressurizing steel belt is wound outside the experimental sample and fixedly connected with the inner wall of the rotary cylinder; the rotary cylinder gear is sleeved outside the rotary cylinder, the rotary cylinder driving mechanism is provided with a driving gear meshed with the rotary cylinder gear, and the rotary cylinder is driven to rotate by the cooperation of the driving gear and the rotary cylinder gear, so that the pressurized steel belt is compressed to apply confining pressure to the experimental sample; the confining pressure stabilizing device is arranged on the upper layer of the load frame and is close to the rotary drum of the confining pressure applying device, and is matched with the rotary drum gear to prevent the rotary drum from rotating reversely; the axial strain gauge is used for measuring the axial displacement of the experimental sample.
In the mechanical triaxial experiment instrument with controllable confining pressure, the load frame comprises: the device comprises a bottom plate, a middle plate, a top plate, an upper upright post, a lower upright post, an upper cushion block and a lower cushion block; the bottom plate is connected with the middle plate through two lower upright post supports, and the middle plate is connected with the top plate through two upper upright post supports; the upper cushion block is arranged on the bottom surface of the top plate, the top surface of the middle plate is provided with a guide cylinder, the lower cushion block is arranged in the guide cylinder and can vertically slide along the guide cylinder, and the experimental sample is arranged between the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block; the axial pressurizing device is arranged on the bottom plate, and the axial pressurizing device applies axial pressure to the experimental sample through the transmission of the lower cushion block; the rotary cylinder is sleeved outside the upper cushion block and the guide cylinder and is rotationally connected with the upper cushion block and the guide cylinder through bearings; the both ends of fixed billet are connected with last cushion, guide cylinder respectively, confining pressure stabilising arrangement sets up on the medium plate.
In the mechanical triaxial experiment instrument with controllable confining pressure, the rotary cylinder driving mechanism comprises a shell, a bolt shaft and a driving gear, wherein the shell is fixed on a middle plate, the bolt shaft is arranged in the shell through a bearing, the driving gear is fixed at the top of the bolt shaft, and the rotary cylinder can be driven to rotate by rotating the bolt shaft so as to adjust the confining pressure of a pressurized steel strip on an experiment sample.
In the mechanical triaxial experiment instrument with controllable confining pressure, the confining pressure stabilizing device comprises a spring, a baffle column and a fixing strip, wherein the fixing strip and the baffle column are fixed on a middle plate; the baffle is sleeved on the baffle column and rotates by taking the baffle column as the center; one side of the baffle is connected with the fixing strip through a spring, and the opposite side clamps the rotary cylinder gear to prevent the rotary cylinder from rotating reversely.
In the mechanical triaxial experiment instrument with controllable confining pressure, the lower cushion block consists of a cylinder and two guide blocks arranged on the side surface of the cylinder, the guide cylinder consists of an upper cylinder, a lower cylinder and an annular chute connecting the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder, the lower cylinder wall is provided with two lower guide grooves matched with the two guide blocks, and the upper cylinder wall is provided with two upper guide grooves matched with the two guide blocks; the lower cushion block is arranged at the bottom of the guide cylinder, the two guide blocks slide upwards along the lower guide groove and enter the annular sliding groove, then rotate into the upper guide groove along the annular sliding groove, and the experimental sample moves vertically along the upper guide groove along the lower cushion block when axial pressure is applied.
In the mechanical triaxial experiment instrument with controllable confining pressure, the axial strain gauge device comprises: the device comprises a dial indicator, a telescopic bracket arm, a dial indicator fixing plate and a bracket base, wherein the bracket base is arranged on a bottom plate, the bottom of the telescopic bracket arm is fixed on the bracket base, the top of the telescopic bracket arm is connected with the dial indicator, and the dial indicator fixing plate is arranged at the bottom of a lower cushion block after extending into a guide cylinder; the dial indicator fixing plate is provided with a fixing groove, a measuring head of the dial indicator stretches into the fixing groove, and when axial pressure is applied, the dial indicator fixing plate moves vertically along with the lower cushion block, and then axial displacement of an experimental sample is measured.
In the mechanical triaxial experiment instrument with controllable confining pressure, the axial pressurizing device is a manual loading jack provided with a pressure gauge.
In the mechanical triaxial tester with controllable confining pressure, the height of the pressurized steel strip is smaller than that of the test sample, the top end and the bottom end of the test sample extend out from the two ends of the pressurized steel strip, the top end of the test sample is 2mm away from the top end of the pressurized steel strip, and the bottom end of the test sample is 2mm away from the bottom end of the pressurized steel strip.
In the mechanical triaxial experiment instrument with controllable confining pressure, the rotary cylinder is a steel cylinder, and the bevel angle of the gear teeth of the rotary cylinder gear is 30 degrees.
The mechanical triaxial experiment instrument with the controllable confining pressure has the following beneficial effects:
1. According to the invention, the torque of the bolt shaft driving the rotary cylinder to rotate is controlled by the torque wrench, and the tension of the pressurized steel belt is regulated, so that the purpose of accurately controlling the confining pressure is achieved.
2. By adopting the manual axial loading device and manually applying confining pressure, the device can be simplified to a great extent, the main research problem is strengthened, irrelevant factors with smaller influence are weakened, and the operation difficulty is reduced.
3. The rotary cylinder gear is a one-way gear, the middle plate is provided with a confining pressure stabilizing device for preventing the gear from rotating reversely, so that the rotary cylinder can rotate reversely, the pressurized steel belt is prevented from loosening, the pressurization can be realized without dropping pressure, and the high confining pressure which cannot be provided by the common triaxial experiment instrument is provided.
4. The portable sampling device has the advantages of small volume, portability, capability of performing on-site sampling and on-site experiments, convenience in experiments and teaching, and low manufacturing cost.
5. Compared with the traditional triaxial experiment instrument, the confining pressure applying device has the advantages that the pressurizing speed is higher, the water injection and drainage time is saved, and the experiment efficiency is greatly improved.
6. According to the invention, the fixing groove is formed in the dial indicator fixing plate, so that the measuring head of the dial indicator is stabilized at the groove position in the measuring process, the measuring error caused by the movement of the measuring head of the dial indicator in the horizontal direction in the compression process is avoided, and the vertical displacement measurement is more accurate.
7. The magnitude of the vertical force is measured and read through a pressure gauge; the magnitude of the confining pressure is calculated by the relationship between the tensile force of the pressurized steel strip and the surface area of the sample.
8. The mechanical triaxial experimental instrument with controllable confining pressure strengthens axial pressure, is sufficient to reach the limit stress of soft rock, has accurate confining pressure and can be adjusted, and can be used for high confining pressure triaxial experiments. The soft rock triaxial tester has the advantages of accurate and controllable confining pressure, convenient carrying, high axial pressure, high confining pressure, good economy and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a mechanical triaxial apparatus with controlled confining pressure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the confining pressure applying device of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top-level structure of the load frame of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the lower pad of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the midplane of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a stress schematic diagram of a section of a cylindrical test specimen through an axial center;
In the figure: 1-top plate, 2-upper column, 3-middle plate, 31-guide cylinder, 32-upper cylinder, 33-lower cylinder, 34-annular chute, 35-lower guide slot, 36-upper guide slot, 4-lower column, 5-bottom plate, 6-upper pad, 7-lower pad, 71-cylinder, 72-guide block, 8-confining pressure applying device, 81-pressurized steel strip, 82-fixed steel strip, 83-rotary cylinder, 84-rotary cylinder gear, 85-rotary cylinder driving mechanism, 86-driving gear, 87-bolt shaft, 88-housing, 9-confining pressure stabilizing device, 91-spring, 92-baffle, 93-baffle column, 94-fixed strip, 10-axial pressurizing device, 11-pressure gauge, 12-confining gauge, 13-telescopic bracket arm, 14-confining gauge fixed plate, 15-bracket base, 16-adjusting knob, 17-gauge head, 18-pressurizing port, 19-pressure releasing knob.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the limitation of too small triaxial pressure in the traditional triaxial experiment instrument, the confining pressure applying scheme is replaced, the traditional thinking that the traditional triaxial experiment instrument provides lateral pressure by utilizing water pressure is changed, the bolt shaft of the rotary drum driving mechanism is twisted by the torque wrench, the driving gear drives the rotary drum to rotate by the driving wheel, the rotary drum drives the pressurized steel belt to rotate and tighten, the application of confining pressure of an experiment sample is realized, and the accurate control of confining pressure is realized by adjusting the torque of the bolt shaft.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a mechanical triaxial experiment apparatus with controllable confining pressure according to the present invention includes: load frame, confining pressure applying device 8, axial pressurizing device 10, confining pressure stabilizing device 9 and axial strain gauge device. The load frame is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer is used for placing an experimental sample, the lower layer is provided with an axial loading device, and the axial loading device applies axial pressure to the experimental sample from the lower direction. The confining pressure applying device 8 includes: a pressurized steel belt 81, a fixed steel bar 82, a rotary drum 83, a rotary drum gear 84, and a rotary drum driving mechanism 85. The rotary cylinder 83 is arranged on the upper layer of the load frame through a bearing and sleeved outside the experimental sample, the pressurizing steel belt 81 and the fixed steel bar 82 are arranged inside the rotary cylinder 83, the fixed steel bar 83 is arranged close to the experimental sample and axially parallel to the experimental sample, one end of the pressurizing steel belt 81 is connected with the fixed steel bar 82, and the other end of the pressurizing steel belt is wound outside the experimental sample and fixedly connected with the inner wall of the rotary cylinder 83; the rotary drum gear 84 is sleeved outside the rotary drum 83, the rotary drum driving mechanism 85 is provided with a driving gear 86 meshed with the rotary drum gear, and the rotary drum 83 is driven to rotate through the cooperation of the driving gear 86 and the rotary drum gear 85, so that the pressurized steel belt 81 is compressed to apply confining pressure to the experimental sample. The confining pressure stabilizing device 9 is arranged on the upper layer of the load frame and is close to the rotary drum 83 of the confining pressure applying device 8, and is matched with the rotary drum gear 85 to prevent the rotary drum 83 from rotating reversely. The axial strain gauge is used for measuring the axial displacement of the experimental sample.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the load frame includes: the bottom plate 5, the medium plate 3, the top plate 1, the upper upright post 2, the lower upright post 4, the upper cushion block 6 and the lower cushion block 7. The bottom plate 5 is in supporting connection with the middle plate 3 through two lower upright posts 4, and the middle plate 3 is in supporting connection with the top plate 1 through two upper upright posts 2. The upper cushion block 6 is arranged on the bottom surface of the top plate 1, and a guide cylinder 31 is arranged on the top surface of the middle plate 3. The lower cushion block 7 is arranged in the guide cylinder 31 and can vertically slide along the guide cylinder 31, and the experimental sample is arranged between the upper cushion block 6 and the lower cushion block 7. The axial pressurizing device is arranged on the bottom plate 5, and the axial pressurizing device applies axial pressure to the experimental sample through the transmission of the lower cushion block 7. The rotary cylinder 83 is sleeved outside the upper cushion block 6 and the guide cylinder 31 and is rotatably connected with the upper cushion block 6 and the guide cylinder 31 through bearings. The two ends of the fixed steel bar 82 are respectively connected with the upper cushion block 6 and the guide cylinder 31, so that the fixed steel bar 82 is ensured not to move and incline under the action of the horizontal force of the pressurized steel belt 81. The confining pressure stabilizing device 9 is arranged on the middle plate 3.
The rotary cylinder driving mechanism 85 comprises a shell 88, a bolt shaft 87 and a driving gear 86, wherein the shell 88 is fixed on the middle plate 3, the bolt shaft 87 is installed inside the shell 88 through a bearing, the driving gear 86 is fixed at the top of the bolt shaft 87, and the rotary cylinder 83 can be driven to rotate by rotating the bolt shaft 87 so as to adjust the confining pressure of the pressurized steel 81 to an experimental sample. The bolt shaft 87 is rotated through the torque wrench to drive the driving gear 86, thereby driving the rotary drum gear 84 to rotate, the rotary drum gear 84 is connected with the rotary drum 83, the rotary drum 83 drives the pressurized steel belt 81, and the tensile force on the pressurized steel belt 81 is converted into confining pressure applied to the experimental sample through a series of linkage. The accurate control of the confining pressure of the experimental sample is realized by rotating the gear teeth with smaller spacing of the barrel gears 84 and the multi-layer wrapping of the pressurized steel belt 81.
As shown in fig. 3, the confining pressure stabilizing apparatus 9 includes a spring 91, a baffle 92, a baffle post 93, and a fixing strip 94, the fixing strip 94 and the baffle post 93 being fixed to the middle plate 3. The baffle 92 is sleeved on the baffle column 93 and rotates around the baffle column 93. One side of the baffle 92 is connected with a fixing strip 94 through a spring 91, and the opposite side is clamped with the rotary drum gear 84. When the rotary drum 83 rotates in the forward direction, the shutter 92 is away from the rotary drum gear 84 by the bevel edge of the rotary drum gear 84, the spring 91 is compressed, and when one gear tooth passes over the shutter 92, the shutter 92 returns to the initial position by the spring 91, and the reverse rotation of the rotary drum gear 84 is continuously prevented. Thereby preventing the rotary cylinder 83 from rotating reversely.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the lower pad 7 is composed of a cylinder 71 and two guide blocks 72 provided at the sides of the cylinder 71. The guide cylinder 31 is composed of an upper cylinder 32, a lower cylinder 33, and an annular chute 34 connecting the upper cylinder 32 and the lower cylinder 33. The lower cylinder wall is provided with two lower guide grooves 35 which are matched with the two guide blocks 72, and the upper cylinder wall is provided with two upper guide grooves 36 which are matched with the two guide blocks 72. The lower cushion block 7 is installed from the bottom of the lower cylinder 33 of the guide cylinder 31, the two guide blocks 72 slide upwards along the lower guide groove 35 to enter the annular chute 34 and then rotate into the upper guide groove 36 along the annular chute 34, and when axial pressure is applied, the experimental sample moves vertically along the upper guide groove 36 along the lower cushion block 7.
The axial strain gauge device includes: the dial indicator comprises a dial indicator 12, a telescopic bracket arm 13, a dial indicator fixing plate 14, a bracket base 15 and an adjusting knob 16, wherein the bracket base 15 is arranged on a bottom plate 5, the bottom of the telescopic bracket arm 13 is fixed on the bracket base 15, and the top of the telescopic bracket arm is connected with the dial indicator 12. The dial gauge fixing plate 14 extends into the guide cylinder 31 and is arranged at the bottom of the lower cushion block 7. The dial gauge fixing plate 14 is provided with a fixing groove, and the measuring head 17 of the dial gauge 12 extends into the fixing groove. The axial pressurizing device 10 realizes the axial pressurization of the experimental sample through the transmission of the middle plate 5 and the lower cushion block 7 by the manual pressurization of the pressurizing port 18. When axial pressure is applied, the dial indicator fixing plate 14 moves vertically along with the lower cushion block 7, and further axial displacement of the experimental sample is measured.
In specific implementation, the axial pressurizing device 10 is a manual loading jack with an axial force of 5T and provided with a pressure gauge 11. The specification of the pressure gauge 11 is 0-60MPa, and the precision is 1MPa.
During specific implementation, the height of the pressurized steel belt is smaller than that of the experimental sample, the top end and the bottom end of the experimental sample extend out of the two ends of the pressurized steel belt, the top end of the experimental sample is 2mm away from the top end of the pressurized steel belt, and the bottom end of the experimental sample is 2mm away from the bottom end of the pressurized steel belt.
In a specific implementation, the rotary cylinder 83 is a steel cylinder, and the bevel angle of the gear teeth of the rotary cylinder gear 84 is 30 °.
In the specific implementation, the specification of the dial indicator 12 is 0-0.14mm, and the precision is 0.001mm.
Examples
The position of the load frame is regulated, the bottom plate is kept horizontal, and the upper cushion block 6 and the load frame are connected into a rigid connector through bolts. At this time, the load frame, the upper pad 6 and the fixed steel bar 82 are a rigid whole, and cannot move relatively. The lower cushion block 7 is dismounted, an experimental sample is placed on the upper part of the lower cushion block 7, the guide block 72 of the lower cushion block is aligned with the upper guide groove 36 of the guide cylinder 31 and moves vertically upwards, after the guide block 72 enters the annular chute 34 through the lower cylinder 32, the cushion block is rotated clockwise by 90 degrees, the vertical position of the guide block 72 is right below the upper guide groove 36, and when axial pressure is applied, the lower cushion block 7 can move in the vertical direction through the cooperation of the guide block 72 and the upper guide groove 36, and the position in the horizontal direction is not changed.
The torque wrench is utilized to rotate the bolt shaft 87 to apply confining pressure, the torque of the bolt shaft 87 is controlled, the tension of the pressurized steel belt 81 is controlled, the confining pressure value is calculated through the tension of the pressurized steel belt 81, and the torque of the bolt shaft 87 is accurately controlled to achieve the purpose of accurately controlling confining pressure.
After the confining pressure is applied, the axial pressurizing device 10 is fixedly installed, and the central shaft of the jack is aligned with the central shaft of the load frame so as to apply axial pressure. The bracket base 15 of the dial indicator is fixed on the upper part of the bottom plate 5, the telescopic bracket arm 13, the adjusting knob 16 and the dial indicator 12 are adjusted, the measuring head 17 of the dial indicator just contacts with the groove of the dial indicator fixing plate 14, the axial displacement is measured and recorded in the pressurizing process, the jack is controlled to apply the axial force through the pressurizing port 18, the axial force is displayed through the pressure gauge 11, and the rotary pressure release knob 19 unloads the axial pressure.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
The torque M of the bolt shaft 87 is controlled by using a torque wrench, the torque control of the rotary drum 83 is realized through the linkage of the rotary drum gear 84, the pressurized steel belt 81 in the rotary drum 83 is driven by the rotary drum 83 to rotate and tighten, and the tensile force F of the rotary drum 83 to the pressurized steel belt 81 is converted into the lateral pressure, namely confining pressure, of the experimental sample. The rotary drum gear 84 has dense gear tooth distribution and more teeth number, and the pressurized steel belt 81 is wrapped in multiple layers, so that the accurate regulation and control of confining pressure can be realized. The torque M of the bolt shaft 87 is related to the confining pressure as follows:
The tension F of the pressurized steel belt 81 is calculated, and the moment balance of the bolt shaft 87:
Where M is the torque of the bolt shaft 87, F is the tension of the pressurized steel belt 81, and r is the radius of the drive gear 86.
The force analysis is carried out by taking the surface of the axis of the experimental sample passing through the cylinder as a cross section and taking half of the experimental sample as a separator, and the force balance is carried out at the cross section, as shown in figure 6. The stress at the section is the confining pressure.
2F＝σ3×D×H
Where D is the diameter of the test specimen, H is the height of the pressurized steel strip 81, σ 3 is the confining pressure of the test specimen.
The mechanical triaxial experimental instrument with controllable confining pressure strengthens axial pressure, is sufficient to reach soft rock limit stress, is accurate and adjustable in confining pressure, and can be used for high confining pressure triaxial experiments. The mechanical triaxial experimental instrument with controllable confining pressure has the advantages of being accurate and controllable in confining pressure, convenient to carry, high in axial pressure, high in confining pressure, good in economical efficiency and the like. The problem that a common triaxial experiment instrument is inconvenient to move is solved, and the confining pressure shaft pressure is too small to take a sample with higher strength as an experiment object. The experimental instrument is composed of a load frame, a confining pressure applying device, an axial pressurizing device, a confining pressure stabilizing device and an axial strain measuring device, the experimental sample is further fixed through the confining pressure applying device and the high confining pressure is applied, the confining pressure is applied to the experimental sample through shrinkage of a pressurizing steel belt 81, and finally the experimental sample is axially pressurized through the axial pressurizing device to complete the experiment. The magnitude of the vertical force is measured and read through a pressure gauge; the size of the confining pressure is calculated through the relation between the tensile force of the pressurized steel belt 81 and the size of the experimental sample, the torque of the bolt shaft 87 driving the rotary cylinder 83 to rotate is controlled through the torque wrench, and the tensile force of the pressurized steel belt 81 is regulated, so that the purpose of accurately controlling the confining pressure is achieved.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather to enable any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement or the like to be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a mechanical type triaxial laboratory apparatus of confining pressure controllable which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a load frame, a confining pressure applying device, an axial pressurizing device, a confining pressure stabilizing device and an axial strain measuring device; the load frame is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer is used for placing an experimental sample, the lower layer is provided with an axial loading device, and the axial loading device applies axial pressure to the experimental sample from the lower direction;
The confining pressure applying device includes: the device comprises a pressurized steel belt, a fixed steel bar, a rotary drum gear and a rotary drum driving mechanism; the rotary cylinder is arranged on the upper layer of the load frame through a bearing and sleeved outside the experimental sample, the pressurizing steel belt and the fixed steel bar are arranged inside the rotary cylinder, the fixed steel bar is arranged close to the experimental sample and axially parallel to the experimental sample, one end of the pressurizing steel belt is connected with the fixed steel bar, and the other end of the pressurizing steel belt is wound outside the experimental sample and fixedly connected with the inner wall of the rotary cylinder; the rotary cylinder gear is sleeved outside the rotary cylinder, the rotary cylinder driving mechanism is provided with a driving gear meshed with the rotary cylinder gear, and the rotary cylinder is driven to rotate by the cooperation of the driving gear and the rotary cylinder gear, so that the pressurized steel belt is compressed to apply confining pressure to the experimental sample; the confining pressure stabilizing device is arranged on the upper layer of the load frame and is close to the rotary drum of the confining pressure applying device, and is matched with the rotary drum gear to prevent the rotary drum from rotating reversely; the axial strain measuring device is used for measuring the axial displacement of the experimental sample;
The load frame includes: the device comprises a bottom plate, a middle plate, a top plate, an upper upright post, a lower upright post, an upper cushion block and a lower cushion block; the bottom plate is connected with the middle plate through two lower upright post supports, and the middle plate is connected with the top plate through two upper upright post supports; the upper cushion block is arranged on the bottom surface of the top plate, the top surface of the middle plate is provided with a guide cylinder, the lower cushion block is arranged in the guide cylinder and can vertically slide along the guide cylinder, and the experimental sample is arranged between the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block; the axial pressurizing device is arranged on the bottom plate, and the axial pressurizing device applies axial pressure to the experimental sample through the transmission of the lower cushion block; the rotary cylinder is sleeved outside the upper cushion block and the guide cylinder and is rotationally connected with the upper cushion block and the guide cylinder through bearings; the two ends of the fixed steel bar are respectively connected with the upper cushion block and the guide cylinder, and the confining pressure stabilizing device is arranged on the middle plate;
the rotary cylinder driving mechanism comprises a shell, a bolt shaft and a driving gear, wherein the shell is fixed on a middle plate, the bolt shaft is arranged in the shell through a bearing, the driving gear is fixed at the top of the bolt shaft, the rotary cylinder can be driven to rotate through rotating the bolt shaft so as to adjust the confining pressure of a pressurized steel belt to an experimental sample, the bolt shaft is rotated through a torque wrench to drive the driving gear, thereby driving the rotary cylinder gear to rotate, the rotary cylinder gear is connected with the rotary cylinder, the rotary cylinder drives the pressurized steel belt, the tensile force on the pressurized steel is converted into confining pressure applied to the experimental sample through a series of linkages, the confining pressure is applied by rotating the bolt shaft through the torque wrench, the tensile force of the pressurized steel belt is controlled through controlling the torque of the bolt shaft, the confining pressure value is calculated through the tensile force of the pressurized steel belt, and the torque of the bolt shaft is precisely controlled so as to achieve the aim of precisely controlling the confining pressure;
The confining pressure stabilizing device comprises a spring, a baffle column and a fixing strip, wherein the fixing strip and the baffle column are fixed on the middle plate; the baffle is sleeved on the baffle column and rotates by taking the baffle column as the center; one side of the baffle is connected with the fixing strip through a spring, the opposite side of the baffle clamps the rotary drum gear to prevent the rotary drum gear from rotating reversely, when the rotary drum rotates positively, the baffle is far away from the rotary drum gear under the action of the bevel edge of the rotary drum gear, the spring is compressed, and when one gear tooth passes over the baffle, the baffle returns to the initial position under the action of the spring to continuously prevent the rotary drum gear from rotating reversely, so that the rotary drum is prevented from rotating reversely;
The axial strain gauge device includes: the device comprises a dial indicator, a telescopic bracket arm, a dial indicator fixing plate and a bracket base, wherein the bracket base is arranged on a bottom plate, the bottom of the telescopic bracket arm is fixed on the bracket base, the top of the telescopic bracket arm is connected with the dial indicator, and the dial indicator fixing plate is arranged at the bottom of a lower cushion block after extending into a guide cylinder; the dial indicator fixing plate is provided with a fixing groove, a measuring head of the dial indicator stretches into the fixing groove, and when axial pressure is applied, the dial indicator fixing plate moves vertically along with the lower cushion block, and then axial displacement of an experimental sample is measured.
2. The mechanical triaxial tester with controllable confining pressure according to claim 1, wherein the lower cushion block is composed of a cylinder and two guide blocks arranged on the side surface of the cylinder, the guide cylinder is composed of an upper cylinder, a lower cylinder and an annular chute connecting the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder, two lower guide grooves matched with the two guide blocks are formed in the inner wall of the lower cylinder, and two upper guide grooves matched with the two guide blocks are formed in the inner wall of the upper cylinder; the lower cushion block is arranged at the bottom of the guide cylinder, the two guide blocks slide upwards along the lower guide groove and enter the annular sliding groove, then rotate into the upper guide groove along the annular sliding groove, and the experimental sample moves vertically along the upper guide groove along the lower cushion block when axial pressure is applied.
3. The mechanical triaxial tester with controllable confining pressure according to claim 1, wherein the axial pressurizing device is a manual loading jack provided with a pressure gauge.
4. The mechanical triaxial tester with controllable confining pressure according to claim 1, wherein the height of the pressurized steel strip is smaller than the height of the test specimen, the top and bottom ends of the test specimen extend from both ends of the pressurized steel strip, the top end of the test specimen is 2mm from the top end of the pressurized steel strip, and the bottom end of the test specimen is 2mm from the bottom end of the pressurized steel strip.
5. The mechanical triaxial apparatus with controllable confining pressure according to claim 1, wherein the rotary drum is a steel drum, and the bevel angle of the gear teeth of the rotary drum gear is 30 °.
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| CN115855644A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-03-28 | 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司 | A rock sample gradient confining pressure loading device |
| CN116499882B (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-09-22 | 四川省公路规划勘察设计研究院有限公司 | A pressure measurement method and equipment for a building |
| CN116718489B (en) | 2023-08-10 | 2023-10-24 | 四川大学 | Deep underground multi-field and complex stress coupled shear test system and method |
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| CN103604697A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-02-26 | 山东大学 | Fake triaxial creeping device and method for geotechnical engineering under uniform confining pressure |
| CN111855428A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-10-30 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of rock sample confining pressure application test device and test method |
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| CN111610100B (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2021-11-30 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment device and experiment method |
| CN113075051B (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2023-01-03 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Simulation test device and test method for soft rock compressive creep similar environment |
| CN113237768A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-10 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Medium strain rate test equipment and method with axial pressure and confining pressure control loading |
| CN113670793B (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2023-05-16 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Hydraulic fracture permeability real-time monitoring device and method |
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| CN103604697A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-02-26 | 山东大学 | Fake triaxial creeping device and method for geotechnical engineering under uniform confining pressure |
| CN111855428A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-10-30 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of rock sample confining pressure application test device and test method |
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