CN114466290B - Acoustic device and audio system - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
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Abstract
The application relates to the field of acoustics, in particular to an acoustic device and an audio system, wherein the acoustic device comprises: a speaker driver and waveguide structure; a waveguide structure is disposed around the speaker driver, the waveguide structure having: a first frequency response corresponding to sound emitted from the speaker driver traveling directly to the listening position such that a head related transfer function is added to sound emitted from the speaker driver traveling directly to the listening position, the head related transfer function providing a high cue for sound traveling directly from the speaker driver position to the listening position, thereby simulating sound from above the listening environment; and a second frequency response corresponding to sound emitted from the speaker driver that is desired to travel to the listening position via reflection, a ratio of the first frequency response and the second frequency response being equal to the head-related transfer function.
Description
The application is a divisional application proposed in China with the application number 202011465798.9, the name of "an acoustic device and an audio system", and the application date is 12/14/2020.
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of acoustics, in particular to an acoustic device and an audio system.
Background
The human ear receives sounds from the natural world from a plurality of directions, but if the sounds are recorded and reproduced, the sound reproduced through the speakers cannot be perceived in terms of the direction of the sound compared with the original sound source, because of the number of speakers, and if it is desired to reproduce sounds of a specific direction, such as sounds from above, it is necessary to additionally provide speakers above the listener to achieve this.
In this regard, how to reproduce sounds in other directions without increasing the number of speakers and changing the positions of the speakers has become a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the embodiments of the present application provides an acoustic device, including: a speaker driver and waveguide structure; the waveguide structure is disposed around the speaker driver, and a surface of the waveguide structure forms a plurality of curvilinear structures radially arranged along the speaker driver, the speaker driver being configured to play at least one of surround sound audio or immersive audio; the waveguide structure has: a first frequency response corresponding to sound emitted from the speaker driver traveling directly to a listening position such that a head related transfer function is added to sound emitted from the speaker driver traveling directly to a listening position, the head related transfer function providing a high cue for sound traveling directly from the speaker driver position to a listening position, thereby simulating sound from above a listening environment; and a second frequency response corresponding to sound emitted from the speaker driver that is required to travel to a listening position via reflection such that sound emitted from the speaker driver that is required to travel to a listening position via reflection does not have a high cue, wherein a ratio of the first frequency response and the second frequency response is equal to the head related transfer function.
In some embodiments, the first frequency response is a first off-axis response when offset from the speaker driver axis at a first angle and the second frequency response is a second off-axis response when offset from the speaker driver axis at a second angle.
In some embodiments, the second off-axis response is a smooth curve in the frequency domain.
In some embodiments, the first frequency response is a first off-axis response when offset from the speaker driver axis by a first angle, and the second frequency response is an average response when offset from the speaker driver axis by a plurality of angles.
In some embodiments, the second frequency response corresponds to a power response of the acoustic device.
In some embodiments, the power response of the acoustic device is a smooth curve in the frequency domain.
In some embodiments, the speaker driver is a tweeter driver.
In some embodiments, the speaker driver includes a driver cone and cone dust cap, and the waveguide is sleeved outside the driver cone and cone dust cap.
In some embodiments, each curve of the waveguide structure surface is symmetrically distributed with respect to an axis of the speaker driver.
One of the embodiments of the present application provides an audio system comprising an acoustic device as described above; the audio system is for processing source audio information in the audio system including mixing, rendering, and playback by one or more computers or processing devices executing software instructions.
Drawings
The application will be further described by way of exemplary embodiments, which will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are not limiting, in which like numerals represent like structures, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an application scenario of an acoustic device according to some embodiments of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an acoustic device according to some embodiments of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a waveguide structure according to some embodiments of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a frequency response diagram of an acoustic device according to some embodiments of the present application.
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of an application scenario of an acoustic device according to some embodiments of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of an application scenario of an acoustic device according to other embodiments of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some examples or embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the present application may be applied to other similar situations according to the drawings without inventive effort. Unless otherwise apparent from the context of the language or otherwise specified, like reference numerals in the figures refer to like structures or operations.
One or more embodiments described herein may be implemented in an audio or audio-visual system that processes source audio information in a mixing, rendering, and playback system that includes one or more computers or processing devices executing software instructions.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an application scenario of an acoustic device according to some embodiments of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1, in some embodiments, an application scenario 100 of an acoustic device includes an acoustic device 110, a listener 120, and a listening environment.
The acoustic device 110 is a transducer device that converts audio information (e.g., an electrical signal containing audio information) into sound. The acoustic device 110 may acquire audio information in different ways, for example, reading stored material on a specific medium (e.g., hard disk, CD), or acquiring network data containing audio information through a network, etc. An exemplary acoustic device 110 may include a horn. In some embodiments, the acoustic device 110 may include one or more speakers, such as a combination of 2 speakers constructed in stereo, 2.1 speakers (3 speakers), 5.1 speakers (6 speakers), 7.1 speakers (8 speakers), or 7.1.4 (12 speakers) constructed in home theater, etc. In some embodiments, the sound waves emitted by the acoustic device 110 may also be viewed as a superposition of one or more horns.
The quality and effect of sound heard by listener 120 depends to some extent on the structure of acoustic device 110, the listening environment, and the position of acoustic device 110 in the listening environment. For convenience of description only, a case where the listener 120 does not change in position within the listening environment during the course of sound emission from the acoustic device 110 to the listening of the listener 120 will be described below. It should be appreciated that by utilizing the acoustic device 110 and its coupling to the listening environment described herein, enhanced immersive listening effects can be achieved for listeners located at different locations.
The listening environment may refer to any open, partially enclosed or fully enclosed area, such as a room that may be used to play back audio content alone or with video or other content, and may be embodied in a home, theater, studio, or the like. The room has at least one boundary, which may be a ceiling, floor, wall, etc., and further, the wall surfaces may be positioned at different orientations of listener 120, such as front, rear, left, and right sides, respectively. The boundaries of the room described herein are understood to have some reflecting and absorbing effects on sound, and the reflecting and absorbing effects change the frequency distribution of the sound.
In some embodiments, the application scenario 100 may further include a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a power Amplifier (Amplifier), and the like, which are required to drive the acoustic device 110, which are not limited in this specification.
In some embodiments, the acoustic device 100 may be used to play different types of audio, for example, at least one of surround sound audio or immersive audio. Surround sound audio simulates audio in spatial orientations of a listener 120 through multiple channels or a specific algorithm; immersive audio is capable of reproducing audio of the spatial height (above or below) of the listener 120 through a plurality of channels or a specific algorithm. In some embodiments, in order to provide a realistic height and surround feeling to the listener 120, a head-related transfer function implementation may be introduced during the sound generation of the acoustic device 100.
The Head-related transfer Function (HRTF, also called binaural transfer Function), referred to herein as Head-RELATED TRANSFER Function, may describe the transfer of sound waves from a sound source to both ears. It can simulate the result of comprehensive filtering of sound wave by human physiological structure, such as head, auricle, trunk, etc. For example, in practical applications, the signal processed by HRTF may be played by using the acoustic device 110 (which may also be described as adding HRTF to the source audio signal), or the sound that has been generated may be adjusted by the structure of the acoustic device 110 so that the finally played sound includes HRTF effects, so as to simulate various spatial hearing effects, and thus simulate the effect of the sound source emitting sound at different positions.
In some embodiments, the HRTF may be expressed asWhere θ is the angle in the vertical direction (elevation),The angle in the horizontal direction, ω is the angular frequency of the sound wave. The elevation angle θ may reflect the position of the sound source in the vertical direction relative to the listener 120, and different elevation angles θ may correspond to different elevation cues in the vertical direction; horizontal angleThe position of the sound source in the horizontal direction with respect to the listener 120 may be reflected.
In some embodiments, not only is the source audio information included in the sound capable of providing the immersive listening effect to the listener 120, but a further addition of a head-related function is required to change the position of the sound source perceived by the listener 120. For illustrative purposes only, the sound content contained in the source audio information may be represented as x (ω), the sound heard by listener 120 at the listening position as y (ω), and in a preferred case, the sound heard by listener 120 may be represented as:
During the conversion of the source audio signal into sound and further delivery to the listener through the listening environment, a certain head related transfer function should be added to the original sound content. For example, to have a specific head-related transfer function in the sound heard by listener 120, in some embodiments, active addition of a head-related transfer function in the electronic domain may be employed. Specifically, by adding a head-related transfer function to the digital signal of the source audio (such as adding a head-related transfer function to the source audio or adding a head-related transfer function effector to the original audio during decoding), the sound generated by the acoustic device 110 can have the effect of the head-related transfer function.
For example only, as shown in fig. 1, in order to provide a sound with a high-level cue signal, a head-related transfer function may be added to the original audio information x (ω) in the electronic domain, and then the signal to which the head-related transfer function is added may be converted into a sound by an acoustic device and transmitted.
As shown in fig. 1, the axis of the acoustic device 110 is at an angle of 70 ° to the horizontal, and when the sound (represented by the sound wave 114) with an off-axis angle of 25 ° is heard by the listener 120 after being reflected once at the upper boundary (ceiling) of the listening environment, the sound (represented by the sound wave 112) with an off-axis angle of 70 ° is directly heard by the listener 120 without being reflected. The effect of the listening environment on the sound once reflected may be equivalent to adding another head related transfer function to the sound. For brevity, the head-related transfer function added in the electronic domain and the head-related transfer function added based on the upper boundary reflection may be both represented asWhich represents altitude cues with an elevation angle of 45 deg.. Further, considering the off-axis response of the acoustic device 110 at 25 ° off-axis (the off-axis response of the acoustic device and its structure may be understood as having some effect of adjusting the sound emitted outwardly at an angle off-axis, which may change the frequency distribution in the sound), the off-axis response at 70 ° off-axis may be represented as H 25 (ω), and the sound heard by the listener 120 in this embodiment may be represented as H 70 (ω):
For convenience of description, H 25 (ω) in equation (2) may be approximately regarded as the flat axis response of the acoustic device 110, i.e., H 25 (ω) may be approximately 1, but since the acoustic device 110 playing surround sound or immersion audio is not an omni-directional horn, there may be a significant difference between H 25 (ω) and H 70 (ω), so H 70 (ω) needs to be considered and retained, and equation (2) may be written as:
Since the distance that sound waves 114 travel to listener 120 is greater than the distance that sound waves 112, which are not reflected, travel to listener 120, sound waves 114 lag sound waves 112 reaching listener 120. Considering that the brain of listener 120 interprets the first arriving sound of a sound source as giving the direction of that sound source, the sound component corresponding to sound wave 112, i.e., the above equation contains the H 70 (ω) portion, will reach listener 120 first because it is not reflected, which will determine the perceived sound direction of listener 120. But due to its large off-axis angle, the off-axis response of the acoustic device 110 to the acoustic wave 112 is not negligible, which affects the effect of the head-related transfer function. Moreover, the sound component corresponding to the sound wave 114 (sound subjected to primary reflection) in the formula (3), i.e., the second term on the right of the middle number in the formula (3), is hardly perceived as uniform sound effect by the listener 120 because of the significant difference from the sound wave 112 due to the square operation of the head-related transfer function. In summary, the scheme causes poor effect of the head related transfer function, the highly prompted information in the reproduced sound is not obvious, and the fidelity of the sound is not high.
In addition to adding head related transfer functions in the electronic domain as described above, some embodiments of the present application may add head related transfer functions in the acoustic domain such that sounds passing through different acoustic paths to a listener have the same or similar head related transfer functions, thereby enabling the listener to perceive a uniform sound effect. The way of adding the head related transfer function in the acoustic domain may be achieved by designing the structure of the acoustic device, unlike the way of adding the head related transfer function in the electronic domain described above. Briefly, by designing the structure of the acoustic output device, it is possible to have the effect of an equivalent or similar head-related transfer function for off-axis responses of the acoustic output device that are offset from different angles of the axis (e.g., off-axis responses that are offset from the axis by 70 °, off-axis responses that are offset from the axis by 25 °, etc.).
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an acoustic device according to some embodiments of the present application.
Referring to fig. 2, the acoustic device 210 includes a speaker driver 211 and a waveguide structure 213. In some embodiments, the acoustic device 210 may be adapted for use in the application scenario 100 shown in fig. 1 as the acoustic device 110 in fig. 1.
It is noted that speaker driver 211 is an electroacoustic transducer that produces sound in response to an electrical audio input signal, and that speaker driver 211 may be implemented by any suitable type, geometry, and size, and may include horn, cone, ribbon transducers, and the like.
In some embodiments, the acoustic device 210 may also include a structure to secure the speaker driver 211, which may be referred to as a cabinet or housing. In some embodiments, a plurality of speaker drivers 211 may also be provided on the cabinet.
In some embodiments, the speaker driver 211 may be a cone speaker, which is characterized by a simple structure and high energy conversion efficiency. The cone speaker classification mode includes classification based on frequency bands (high pitch, middle pitch, bass, etc.), classification based on materials (such as pulping, bulletproof fiber, polymer artificial fiber, etc.), and various types of structures can be the same or different.
Speaker driver 211 may include a driver cone and cone dust cap. The driver cone basin can be driven by the magnet and the voice coil, the electric signal is converted into mechanical motion, and the driver cone basin drives air to move, so that sound is generated. In order to avoid dust and impurities etc. entering the inside of the speaker driver 211, a cone dust cover is also provided in the center of the driver cone, optionally in some embodiments, the cone dust cover is also provided with a conical outer contour away from the driver cone direction, thereby providing a phase correction function to a certain extent.
In some embodiments, the speaker driver 211 may have other structures, such as a ribbon diaphragm, in addition to the driver cone and cone dust cover and the magnet and voice coil for driving described above, according to its form, and may be included in a ribbon speaker, without limitation.
The waveguide structure 213 may extend in one or more directions and may be a structure that modulates sound waves propagating thereon or therein. In some embodiments, a waveguide structure 213 is disposed around the speaker driver 211. For example, the waveguide structure may be sleeved outside the driver cone and the cone dust cap.
As shown in fig. 2, the surface of the waveguide structure 213 forms a plurality of curved structures 215 radially arranged along the speaker driver 211. The plurality of curved structures 215 are formed in a wave-like shape along the axial direction of the speaker driver 211, and the wave-like structure is formed at the peripheral side of the speaker driver 211, and has an effect that when the sound wave generated by the speaker driver 211 passes through the curved structures 215, different sounds of different frequencies are affected according to different waves thereof. Specifically, the distance of each of these curvilinear structures 215 from the axis of the speaker driver 211 determines the frequency at which they affect the sound. Each of the curved structures described herein may be understood as a structure formed by a surface protrusion (peak-like shape extending outward in the speaker driver axis direction) or a depression (trough-like shape extending inward in the speaker driver axis direction) of the waveguide structure 213. The magnitude of the protrusions or depressions on the curved structure 215 and their distance from the speaker driver 211 may affect the frequency distribution of sound radiated outwardly along a particular angle produced by the speaker driver 211.
In this embodiment, each curve of the surface of the waveguide structure 213 is symmetrically distributed with respect to the axis of the speaker driver 211, and the sections of the waveguide structure 213 taken along any radial direction are the same.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a waveguide structure according to some embodiments of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a frequency response diagram of an acoustic device according to some embodiments of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the waveguide structure 213 in the radial direction. As shown in fig. 3, the area of the surface of the waveguide 213 near the speaker driver (i.e., the area near the center of the waveguide) may be raised or recessed to form a height, and the area away from the speaker driver may gradually be flattened. The following description will be given taking the concave 215a and convex 215b on the curved structure 215 as examples. It should be appreciated that the curve formed around the recess 215a or the protrusion 215b in the circumferential direction of the speaker driver may be understood as a curve structure on the curve structure 215. For illustrative purposes only, the recess 215a is located within a range of 1.2cm to 1.5cm from the inner boundary of the waveguide structure 213 in a radial direction along the speaker driver 211 (i.e., the x-direction in the figure). The vertical distance between the highest point and the lowest point on the depression 215a (i.e., the distance in the y direction in the figure) is about 4cm. The protrusion 215b is located in a range of 2.7cm to 3.5cm from the inner boundary of the waveguide structure 213 in a radial direction along the speaker driver 211. The shape of the protrusion 215b is similar to a circular arc curve having a radius of about 4.3cm, and the vertical distance between the highest point and the lowest point on the protrusion 215b is about 5cm. It will be appreciated that the frequency distribution of sound radiated outwardly at different angles may be tuned to achieve a desired effect by the curved structure 215 formed by the similar depressions 215a and/or protrusions 215b on the waveguide structure 213.
Fig. 4 shows the influence of the waveguide structure 213 on the sound generated by the speaker driver 211. The frequency response of the sound emitted by the speaker driver 211 may be denoted 410 (which is assumed to be a horizontal line in the frequency domain for simplicity) and the off-axis response of the waveguide structure 213 to an angle offset from the speaker driver axis may be denoted 420. It should be appreciated that the relative position between the two lines of response in fig. 4 is for illustrative purposes only and does not represent the relative magnitudes of the frequency response of the sound emitted by the speaker driver 211 and the off-axis response of the waveguide structure 213 in an actual scenario for the convenience of displaying the frequency distribution of each line of response. It can be seen that in the frequency range below 1kHz the waveguide structure has a small change in the frequency response of the sound emitted by the speaker driver 211, which is negligible, whereas in the frequency range above 2kHz the waveguide structure has a larger influence on the frequency response of the sound emitted by the speaker driver 211. It will be appreciated that different off-angle sounds emitted by the speaker driver will have different frequency response curves after adjustment by the waveguide 213, depending on the different curved shape of the waveguide 213 and its different distances from the speaker driver axis. This process is also understood to be that the waveguide structure 213 may impart different frequency responses to sound emitted by the speaker driver in different directions.
In some embodiments, the curved structure of the surface of the waveguide structure 213 may also not be symmetrically distributed with respect to the axis of the speaker driver 211 in order to impose a different frequency response on the sound generated by the speaker driver under other conditions. By way of example only, the waveguide structure of the speaker driver 211 on the side closer to the ceiling and the waveguide structure surface of the speaker driver 211 on the side closer to the walls may be curved in different numbers and/or forms to provide different variations in the sound in different directions of diffusion, depending on the actual scenario.
In some embodiments, the waveguide structure 213 may also be of other forms, such as the waveguide structure 213 being circular in shape and having an arcuate cross-section, or the waveguide structure 213 having a horn-like profile.
As described above, the waveguide structure 213 may impart different frequency responses to sound emitted by the speaker driver in different directions. In some embodiments, the frequency response imposed by the waveguide structure 213 for sound in a certain direction may be related to the head-related transfer function. For example, waveguide structure 213 in fig. 3 may be such that a head-related transfer function is added to the sound emitted by speaker driver 211 traveling directly to a listening position, which provides a high cue for sound traveling directly from the speaker driver 211 position to a listening position, thereby simulating sound from the upper surface of the listening environment. In this process, the height cues are added to the sound generated by the speaker driver by the adjustment of the sound by the waveguide 213 and/or the reflection of the sound by the listening environment boundary, so that the acoustic device can still make the listener 120 feel the sound from above the listening environment when it is not required to be mounted on the upper surface of the listening environment. Hereinafter, specific explanation will be given using different listening environments as examples.
In some other embodiments, the shape of waveguide structure 213 may also be used simultaneously to add a head-related transfer function in the acoustic domain and a head-related transfer function in the electronic domain of speaker driver 211 in order to add a specific sound effect to the sound heard by listener 120.
In some embodiments, speaker driver 211 may be a tweeter driver. Since the head-related transfer function has a significant effect above 2kHz, only the effect of the head-related transfer function can be added to the high frequency signal by the waveguide structure 213. In particular, the tweeter driver described herein may be used to playback tweeter signals having a frequency range greater than 1kHz, greater than 1.5kHz, or greater than 2 kHz. Exemplary tweeter drivers may be dome speakers or aluminum ribbon speakers, among others.
In some embodiments, since the sound localization mechanism of the human ear is related to sound frequency, for example, localization by phase difference for low frequency signals, localization by sound intensity difference for middle frequency signals, localization by time difference for high frequencies, can be adjusted for different speaker drivers 211 and waveguide structures 213 according to actual usage scenarios to increase the surround feeling of surround sound audio or the sound effect of immersive audio.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of an application scenario of an acoustic device according to some embodiments of the present application.
The application scenario 200 shown in fig. 5 includes a listener 120 and an acoustic device 210. In some embodiments, the acoustic device 210 may be secured, placed, or mounted in front of or behind the listener 120 by a cabinet or other support structure.
For ease of illustration, at least one ceiling is included in application scenario 200. In some other embodiments, one or more of a floor, two side walls, an acoustic device 210, and a wall behind listener 120 may also be included in application scenario 200. It will be appreciated that when a ceiling is present in the application scene 200, the listener 120 can hear the sound generated by the acoustic device 210 that travels directly to the listening position without being reflected, and the sound that travels to the listening position after being reflected by the ceiling.
The waveguide structure of the acoustic device 210 may have: a first frequency response corresponding to sound emitted from the speaker driver 211 traveling directly to a listening position, i.e., a first frequency response corresponding to sound waves 212. The first frequency response may also be referred to as a first off-axis response because the sound waves 212 are offset from the speaker driver 211 axis by a first angle. The first frequency response may be related to a head related transfer function. In this case, it can be appreciated that the waveguide structure of the acoustic device 210 conditions the sound waves 212 emitted by the acoustic device 210, and applies a first frequency response to the sound traveling directly to the listening position, which is equivalent in effect to adding a head-related transfer function to the sound traveling directly to the listening position. The head-related transfer function may provide a high cue for sound traveling directly to the listening position (i.e., sound waves 212), thereby simulating sound from above the listening environment.
Further alternatively, the waveguide structure of the acoustic device 210 may further have: a second frequency response corresponding to sound emitted from the speaker driver 211 that needs to travel to a listening position via reflection, i.e., a second frequency response corresponding to sound waves 214. The second frequency response may also be referred to as a second off-axis response because the sound waves 214 are offset from the speaker driver 211 axis by a second angle. In some embodiments, a ratio of the first frequency response and the second frequency response is equal to the head-related transfer function.
For illustration purposes, in the application scenario 200 shown in fig. 5, the acoustic device 210 may be tilted. The axis of the speaker driver 211 is at an angle of 70 ° to the horizontal, and then the sound with an off-axis angle of 25 ° (i.e., the sound with the second off-axis angle of 25 ° represented by the sound wave 214) is heard by the listener 120 after the primary reflection from the ceiling, and the sound with an off-axis angle of 70 ° (i.e., the sound with the first off-axis angle of 70 ° represented by the sound wave 212) is heard directly by the listener 120 without reflection. The effect of the listening environment on the sound once reflected may be equivalent to adding another head related transfer function to the sound.
For the sake of brevity, the example of a head related transfer function with altitude cues at an elevation angle of 45 ° is continued to be used. The difference from the scenario in fig. 1 is that in fig. 5 no head related transfer function is added to the source audio information x (ω) in the electronic domain. Similar to the scenario in fig. 1, the second off-axis response of the acoustic device 210 may be denoted as H 25 (ω), the first off-axis response may be denoted as H 70 (ω), and as previously described, the ratio of the first frequency response and the second frequency response is equal to the head-related transfer function, namely:
the sound heard by the listener 120 at the listening position includes directly arriving sound and reflected sound, expressed as:
Where x (ω) H 70 (ω) represents the directly arriving sound heard by listener 120 at the listening position, Representing the reflected sound heard by listener 120 at the listening position.
In some embodiments, because of the small off-axis angle, the second off-axis response H 25 (ω) may be approximated as a smooth curve in the frequency domain, i.e., H 25 (ω) may be approximated as a flat axis response of the speaker, where H 25 (ω) =1, then equation (5) may be simplified as:
likewise, equation (4) can be converted into:
Substituting the formula (7) into the above formula (6) can result in the sound heard by the listener 120 at the listening position being:
As can be seen from equation (8), the sounds heard by the listener 120 at the listening position are the original audio information to which the head related transfer function is added. Further, as mentioned previously, the brain of listener 120 interprets the first arriving sound of a sound source as giving the direction of that sound source. In the present embodiment, the sound that preferentially reaches the listening position of the listener 120 (i.e., the sound corresponding to the first off-axis response) contains the head-related transfer function with the height cue information of 45 ° in elevation, that is, the listener 120 can feel spatial sound effects from above the listening space through the acoustic device provided in front of the listener. Moreover, since the sounds sequentially heard by the listener 120 (i.e., the sound waves 212 and the sound waves 214) have the same expression (the same head-related transfer function), the listener 120 can feel a uniform sound effect, and the user experience is improved.
In some embodiments, a plurality of the acoustic devices 210 may be disposed in the application scene 300, such as two acoustic devices 210 disposed at the left front and right front of the listener 120, respectively, for providing surround sound, while providing the surround sound with height information through the waveguide structure 213 of the acoustic devices 210. Furthermore, in some embodiments, a plurality of speaker drivers 211 may be further provided within the acoustic device 210, and some of the plurality of speaker drivers 211 are mainly used to emit sound that travels directly to the listening position, which may be provided with a height cue after adjustment by the waveguide structure 213. Another part of the speaker drivers is mainly used for emitting sound which needs to be reflected to go to a listening position, and the sound can be provided with a height prompt message after being reflected. The portion of the speaker drivers may not be disposed facing the listener 120 (e.g., the portion of the speaker drivers may face the wall or ceiling when provided) to reduce the portion directly heard by the listener 120 due to sound wave dispersion, ensuring the effect of the head-related transfer function.
It should be appreciated that the above description of the acoustic device 210 is merely exemplary and is not intended to limit the structure of the acoustic device 210 and its application in other similar scenarios. For example, in some alternative embodiments, it is not necessary that the waveguide structure of the acoustic device 210 has a second off-axis response provided that it has a first frequency response corresponding to sound traveling directly to the listening position, in which case it may still be ensured that the listener first hears sound containing a high cue.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of an application scenario of an acoustic device according to other embodiments of the present application.
The application scene 300 shown in fig. 6 is similar to fig. 5, including the listener 120 and the acoustic device 210, except that the application scene 300 simulates an indoor environment, i.e., including a ceiling, a floor, and surrounding walls, and reflects when encountering the ceiling, the floor, and the surrounding walls during the sound diffusing process. It will be appreciated that the listener 120 can hear the sound generated by the acoustic device 210 in the application scene 300 that travels directly to the listening position without being reflected, and the sound that travels to the listening position without being reflected by the ceiling, floor, and surrounding walls.
The waveguide structure 213 of the acoustic device 210 has: the first frequency response corresponding to the sound emitted from the speaker driver 211 traveling directly to the listening position, i.e., the first frequency response corresponding to the sound wave 312, may be denoted as H dir (ω). The first frequency response may also be referred to as a first off-axis response because the sound waves 312 are offset from the speaker driver 211 axis by a first angle. The first frequency response may be related to a head related transfer function. In this case, it will be appreciated that the waveguide structure of the acoustic device 210 conditions the sound waves 312 emitted by the acoustic device, and applies a first frequency response to the sound traveling directly to the listening position, which is equivalent in effect to adding a head-related transfer function to the sound traveling directly to the listening position. The head-related transfer function may provide a high cue for sound traveling directly to the listening position (i.e., sound waves 312), thereby simulating sound from above the listening environment.
Further alternatively, the waveguide structure 213 of the acoustic device 210 may also have: the second frequency response corresponding to sound emitted from the speaker driver 211 that needs to travel to a listening position via reflection, i.e., corresponding to sound wave 314 (ceiling reflection), sound wave 315 (wall reflection, including back wall reflection), and sound wave 316 (floor reflection), may be denoted as H SP (ω). Since the sound waves 314, 315 and 316, respectively, correspond to different angles from the axis of the speaker driver axis, in some embodiments, the second frequency response may be an average response of the plurality of angles from the axis of the speaker driver, i.e., the second frequency response may collectively reflect the tuning effect of the waveguide structure 213 on sound emitted at a plurality of angles on the speaker driver 211.
In some embodiments, the ratio of the first frequency response and the second frequency response is equal to the head-related transfer function (for brevity, continuing to take as an example a head-related transfer function containing altitude-cue information at an elevation angle of 45 °), namely:
Considering that the head-related transfer function is not added to the source audio information x (ω) in the electronic domain in the application scene 300, the sound heard by the listener 120 at the listening position can be expressed as:
y(ω)＝x(ω)·Hdir(ω)+x(ω)·HSP(ω) (10)
Where x (ω) H dir (ω) represents the directly arriving sound heard by the listener 120 at the listening position, and x (ω) H SP (ω) represents the sum of the reflected sounds heard by the listener 120 at the listening position.
Substituting equation (9) into equation (10) yields:
In general, the radiated power of the acoustic device 210 may represent the radiated condition of the acoustic device 210 in all directions, including at different angles from the axis of the speaker driver. Thus, in some embodiments, the second frequency response that collectively reflects the adjustment of sound emitted at multiple angles on the speaker driver 211 by the waveguide structure 213 corresponds to the power response of the acoustic device 210. In some embodiments, the goal of the power response is for the speaker driver 211 designer to be as smooth as possible to provide a listening experience that is as smooth as possible. With this premise, the second frequency response H SP (ω) can be regarded approximately as1 in view of providing a smooth response for all angles of emitted sound to ensure good sound quality, then equation (11) can be written as:
Wherein, Representing sounds that reach listener 120 first with high-level cues, and x (ω) representing sounds that reach listener 120 later without high-level cues but closer to the content of the source audio. It can thus be seen from equation (12) that in this application scenario 300, although the acoustic device is located in front of the listener 120, it can bring the listener 120 with a spatial experience of sound reaching the listener 120 from above the listening environment, while the fidelity of the sound information is high and the listening experience is smooth.
It should be appreciated that the above description of the acoustic device 210 is merely exemplary and is not intended to limit the structure of the acoustic device 210 and its application in other similar scenarios. For example, in some alternative embodiments, it is not necessary that the waveguide structure of the acoustic device 210 has a second off-axis response provided that it has a first frequency response corresponding to sound traveling directly to the listening position, in which case it may still be ensured that the listener first hears sound containing a high cue.
The possible beneficial effects of the embodiment of the application include but are not limited to: (1) By adding sound effects in the acoustic domain, costs are greatly reduced compared to schemes added in the electronic domain; (2) By arranging the waveguide structure 213, the user can definitely feel the height prompt provided by the head related transfer function; (3) By the construction of the speaker driver 211 and the waveguide structure 213, the fidelity of sound information is high while receiving the height cue information.
It should be noted that, the advantages that may be generated by different embodiments may be different, and in different embodiments, the advantages that may be generated may be any one or a combination of several of the above, or any other possible advantages that may be obtained.
While the basic concepts have been described above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the foregoing detailed disclosure is by way of example only and is not intended to be limiting. Although not explicitly described herein, various modifications, improvements and adaptations of the application may occur to one skilled in the art. Such modifications, improvements, and modifications are intended to be suggested within the present disclosure, and therefore, such modifications, improvements, and adaptations are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
Meanwhile, the present application uses specific words to describe embodiments of the present application. Reference to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," and/or "some embodiments" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is associated with at least one embodiment of the application. Thus, it should be emphasized and should be appreciated that two or more references to "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" or "an alternative embodiment" in various positions in this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, certain features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments of the application may be combined as suitable.
Similarly, it should be noted that in order to simplify the description of the present disclosure and thereby aid in understanding one or more inventive embodiments, various features are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof. This method of disclosure does not imply that the subject application requires more features than are set forth in the claims. Indeed, less than all of the features of a single embodiment disclosed above.
Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the embodiments of this specification. Other variations are possible within the scope of this description. Thus, by way of example, and not limitation, alternative configurations of embodiments of the present specification may be considered as consistent with the teachings of the present specification. Accordingly, the embodiments of the present specification are not limited to only the embodiments explicitly described and depicted in the present specification.
Claims (10)
1. An acoustic device, comprising:
a speaker driver and waveguide structure; the waveguide structure is disposed around the speaker driver, and a surface of the waveguide structure forms a plurality of curvilinear structures radially arranged along the speaker driver, the speaker driver being configured to play at least one of surround sound audio or immersive audio;
the waveguide structure has:
a first frequency response corresponding to sound emitted from the speaker driver traveling directly to a listening position such that a head related transfer function is added to sound emitted from the speaker driver traveling directly to a listening position, the head related transfer function providing a high cue for sound traveling directly from the speaker driver position to a listening position, thereby simulating sound from above a listening environment;
A second frequency response corresponding to sound emitted from the speaker driver that is required to travel to a listening position via reflection such that sound emitted from the speaker driver that is required to travel to a listening position via reflection does not have a high cue;
Wherein the first frequency response is a first off-axis response when offset from the speaker driver axis by a first angle and the second frequency response is a second off-axis response when offset from the speaker driver axis by a second angle.
2. The acoustic device of claim 1 wherein the second frequency response is a smooth curve in the frequency domain.
3. The acoustic device of claim 1, wherein:
The speaker driver is a tweeter driver.
4. The acoustic device of claim 1, wherein:
the loudspeaker driver comprises a driver cone basin and a cone basin dust cover, and the waveguide is sleeved on the outer sides of the driver cone basin and the cone basin dust cover.
5. The acoustic device of claim 1, wherein:
Each curvilinear structure of the waveguide structure surface is symmetrically distributed with respect to an axis of the speaker driver.
6. An audio system, characterized by:
The audio system comprising an acoustic device according to any one of claims 1-5; the audio system is for processing source audio information in the audio system including mixing, rendering, and playback by one or more computers or processing devices executing software instructions.
7. An acoustic device, comprising:
a speaker driver and waveguide structure; the waveguide structure is disposed around the speaker driver, and a surface of the waveguide structure forms a plurality of curvilinear structures radially arranged along the speaker driver, the speaker driver being configured to play at least one of surround sound audio or immersive audio;
the waveguide structure has:
a first frequency response corresponding to sound emitted from the speaker driver traveling directly to a listening position such that a head related transfer function is added to sound emitted from the speaker driver traveling directly to a listening position, the head related transfer function providing a high cue for sound traveling directly from the speaker driver position to a listening position, thereby simulating sound from above a listening environment;
A second frequency response corresponding to sound emitted from the speaker driver that is required to travel to a listening position via reflection such that sound emitted from the speaker driver that is required to travel to a listening position via reflection does not have a high cue;
wherein the first frequency response is a first off-axis response when offset from the speaker driver axis by a first angle and the second frequency response is an average response when offset from the speaker driver axis by a plurality of angles.
8. The acoustic device of claim 7, wherein:
the second frequency response corresponds to a power response of the acoustic device.
9. The acoustic device of claim 7, wherein:
Each curvilinear structure of the waveguide structure surface is symmetrically distributed with respect to an axis of the speaker driver.
10. The acoustic device of claim 7, wherein:
The speaker driver is a tweeter driver.
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| CN106605415A (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2017-04-26 | 杜比实验室特许公司 | Passive and active virtual height filter systems for upward firing drivers |
| CN112689225B (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2022-01-18 | 汉桑（南京）科技有限公司 | Acoustic device and audio system |
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| US6229899B1 (en) * | 1996-07-17 | 2001-05-08 | American Technology Corporation | Method and device for developing a virtual speaker distant from the sound source |
| JP2012004668A (en) * | 2010-06-14 | 2012-01-05 | Sony Corp | Head transmission function generation device, head transmission function generation method, and audio signal processing apparatus |
| TWI635753B (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2018-09-11 | 美商杜比實驗室特許公司 | Virtual height filter for reflected sound rendering using upward firing drivers |
| JP6450780B2 (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2019-01-09 | ドルビー ラボラトリーズ ライセンシング コーポレイション | Audio speaker with upward launch driver for reflected sound rendering |
| US10206053B1 (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2019-02-12 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Extra-aural headphone device and method |
| EP3744110A1 (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2020-12-02 | Harman Becker Automotive Systems GmbH | Headphone arrangements for generating natural directional pinna cues |
| US10397694B1 (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2019-08-27 | Sonos, Inc. | Playback devices having waveguides |
| US11012773B2 (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2021-05-18 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Waveguide for smooth off-axis frequency response |
| CN210042190U (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2020-02-07 | 陈元森 | Loudspeaker vibrating reed with peripheral wave form |
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| CN106605415A (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2017-04-26 | 杜比实验室特许公司 | Passive and active virtual height filter systems for upward firing drivers |
| CN112689225B (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2022-01-18 | 汉桑（南京）科技有限公司 | Acoustic device and audio system |
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