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CN114454593A - 一种含无机非织造网纱的复合碳纤维带的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种含无机非织造网纱的复合碳纤维带的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114454593A
CN114454593A CN202111562870.4A CN202111562870A CN114454593A CN 114454593 A CN114454593 A CN 114454593A CN 202111562870 A CN202111562870 A CN 202111562870A CN 114454593 A CN114454593 A CN 114454593A
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CN114454593B (zh
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张辉
俞建勇
刘勇
薛怿
李朝阳
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Donghua University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种含无机非织造网纱的复合碳纤维带的制备方法。该方法包括：将无机纤维切割成短纤维，然后置于水中，将得到的纤维悬浮浆输送到成网机构使无机纤维形成湿态非织造网纱，干燥，加入粘结剂，固化，得到干态非织造网纱；将单向碳纤维上下表面加入粘结剂，将干态非织造网纱贴于单向碳纤维上下表面，热压。该方法工艺过程相对简单，易操作，重复性好，成本低；复合碳纤维带后续生产的复合材料制品内部缺陷少，抗层间损伤性能好。

Description

一种含无机非织造网纱的复合碳纤维带的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于纤维增强复合材料的制备领域，特别涉及一种含无机非织造网纱的复合碳纤维带的制备方法。
背景技术
纤维增强复合材料比重小、比强度和比模量大，具有优良的化学稳定性、减震耐磨、耐热耐疲劳等优良性能，被广泛用于航空航天、军工、汽车等领域，可以有效减轻重量，节约成本，提高市场竞争力。与目前航空航天领域常用的热压罐成型相比，液体成型成本较低，节约预浸料工艺及热压罐所耗费的时间，提高了复合材料结构的减重效率，已经成为目前被广泛研究的成型方式。然而，液体成型制备过程中由于使用的干燥纤维一般没有经过表面处理，纤维与基体树脂之间浸润性较差，树脂流动过程中会使得纤维发生位置移动，从而影响制品的性能，另外由于基体树脂的脆性较大，复合材料制品的抗冲击性能较差，制件无法得到实际应用。
中国专利CN109895469A公开了一种优化环氧碳纤维复合材料体系界面性能的方法，该方法在碳纤维和热塑性材料(粉、膜或无纺布)间增加一层树脂膜，预先将该树脂膜铺覆在碳纤维(单向纤维、碳纤维织物)表面，然后将热塑性材料(粉、膜或无纺布)添加到材料表面。该方法的优点是可以解决使用“插层”热塑性材料增韧液体成型环氧碳纤维复合材料体系时存在的界面结合弱而导致压缩和层间剪切性能差的问题，在增韧的同时不降低其界面性能，缺点是固化时树脂膜及热塑性(膜与无纺布)与基体树脂变形不一致会产生缺陷，树脂膜的厚度与均匀度难以控制，纤维体积含量难以控制。
中国专利CN104943200A公开了一种夹层热塑性导流网的树脂基复合材料液体成型方法，该方法将热塑性导流网置于纤维织物表面或纤维织物之间，采用复合材料液体成型方法制成夹层热塑性导流网的树脂基复合材料。该发明采用热塑性树脂材料加工成导流网，不仅可以铺放在纤维织物表面，也可以铺放在纤维织物铺层中间，在复合材料成型树脂充模过程中作为导流介质，提高树脂的流动和渗透。该发明的优点是导流网可以保留在复合材料结构内部并起到增韧的作用，减少干斑缺陷的产生，提高成型质量，另外可以使成型的产品表面无压痕，提高了产品的表面质量，减少脱模时间和后期处理，提高劳动效率。缺点是固化时热塑性树脂导流网与树脂固化时变形不同会产生缺陷，且热塑性树脂导流网的厚度可能会对复合材料制品的力学性能造成损伤。
中国专利CN103072289A公开了一种提高纤维增强树脂基复合材料层间韧性的方法，该方法将低含量的纳米粒子分散在树脂中，有利于实现纳米粒子的均匀分散，通过在纤维预成型体表面包覆特定孔径大小的滤膜，减少液体成型过程中树脂对纳米粒子的冲刷作用，同时利用抽滤使纳米粒子在复合材料层间富集，使树脂体系中的纳米粒子由“稀”变“浓”，从而有效解决纳米粒子分散性和高含量的矛盾。该方法的优点是与液体成型工艺配合性好，易于操作，成本低，方便应用，可以实现纳米粒子的均匀分散，缺点是粒子的浓度不可控，制品稳定性较差。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种含无机非织造网纱的复合碳纤维带的制备方法，以克服现有技术中纤维增强复合材料力学性能差等缺陷。
本发明提供一种含无机非织造网纱的复合碳纤维带的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将碳纤维、玻璃纤维、碳化硅纤维、硼纤维、石英纤维中的一种或几种无机纤维切割成短纤维，然后置于水中，将得到的纤维悬浮浆输送到成网机构使无机纤维形成湿态非织造网纱；
(2)将步骤(1)中湿态非织造网纱干燥，加入粘结剂，固化，得到干态非织造网纱；
(3)将单向碳纤维上下表面加入粘结剂，将步骤(2)中的干态非织造网纱贴于单向碳纤维上下表面，热压，得到含无机非织造网纱的复合碳纤维带。
优选地，所述步骤(1)中短纤维直径为5～20um，长度为3～12mm。
优选地，所述步骤(1)中纤维悬浮浆浓度为5％～10％。
优选地，所述步骤(2)中干燥温度为110～150℃。
优选地，所述步骤(2)中固化温度为160～220℃，固化时间为20～40分钟。
优选地，所述步骤(2)中粘结剂为质量比1:0.5～1聚酰亚胺和聚苯硫醚的液体混合物，粘度为2500cP～5000cP，粘结剂质量为干燥后的非织造网纱质量的3～8％。
优选地，所述步骤(2)中干态非织造网纱面积克重为6～12gsm，厚度为20-40μm。
优选地，所述步骤(3)中粘结剂为质量比1:0.5～1聚酰亚胺和聚苯硫醚的液体混合物，粘度为2500cP～5000cP，粘结剂质量为单向碳纤维质量的3～8％。
优选地，所述步骤(3)中单向碳纤维厚度为200-400μm。
优选地，所述步骤(3)中热压的工艺参数为：温度为250～300℃，压力为0.5-3MPa，时间为1-3小时。
本发明还提供一种上述的制备方法制备得到的含无机非织造网纱的复合碳纤维带。
本发明还提供一种含无机非织造网纱的复合碳纤维带在航空航天中的应用。
有益效果
(1)本发明工艺过程相对简单，易操作，重复性好，成本低；
(2)利用本发明制备的复合碳纤维带生产的复合材料制品内部缺陷少，抗层间损伤性能好，冲击后压缩强度大于300MPa。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
(1)将直径7μm碳纤维与玻璃纤维切割成长度5mm的短纤维，将其置于水介质中制成浓度为5％的纤维悬浮浆，之后输送到成网机构使无机纤维形成湿态非织造网纱；
(2)聚酰亚胺和聚苯硫醚以质量比为1:0.5混合得到的粘度为3000cP的液态粘结剂；
(3)将湿态非织造网纱置于120℃下充分干燥，之后加入质量分数为4％的步骤(2)中的粘结剂，并在温度为180℃下固化时间20分钟得到面积克重为8gsm，厚度为30um的干态非织造网纱；
(4)将厚度为300μm的单向碳纤维上下表面加入质量分数为4％的步骤(2)中的粘结剂，之后将干态非织造网纱贴于单向碳纤维上下表面，在温度250℃，压力1MPa下热压2小时即得到含无机非织造网纱的复合碳纤维带，该复合碳纤维带冲击后压缩强度为310MPa。
实施例2
(1)将直径7μm碳纤维与碳化硅纤维切割成长度8mm的短纤维，将其置于水介质中制成浓度为6％的纤维悬浮浆，之后输送到成网机构使无机纤维形成湿态非织造网纱；
(2)聚酰亚胺和聚苯硫醚以质量比为1:1混合得到的粘度为4000cP的液态粘结剂；
(3)将湿态非织造网纱置于120℃下充分干燥，之后加入质量分数为6％的步骤(2)中的粘结剂，并在温度为200℃下固化时间30分钟得到面积克重为10gsm，厚度为35um的干态非织造网纱；
(4)将厚度为350μm的单向碳纤维上下表面加入质量分数为6％的步骤(2)中的粘结剂，之后将干态非织造网纱贴于单向碳纤维上下表面，在温度280℃，压力1.5MPa下热压2小时即得到含无机非织造网纱的复合碳纤维带，，该复合碳纤维带冲击后压缩强度为322MPa。

Claims (10)

1.一种含无机非织造网纱的复合碳纤维带的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将碳纤维、玻璃纤维、碳化硅纤维、硼纤维、石英纤维中的一种或几种无机纤维切割成短纤维，然后置于水中，将得到的纤维悬浮浆输送到成网机构使无机纤维形成湿态非织造网纱；
(2)将步骤(1)中湿态非织造网纱干燥，加入粘结剂，固化，得到干态非织造网纱；
(3)将单向碳纤维上下表面加入粘结剂，将步骤(2)中的干态非织造网纱贴于单向碳纤维上下表面，热压，得到含无机非织造网纱的复合碳纤维带。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中短纤维直径为5～20um，长度为3～12mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中纤维悬浮浆浓度为5％～10％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中固化温度为160～220℃，固化时间为20～40分钟。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中粘结剂为质量比1:0.5～1聚酰亚胺和聚苯硫醚的液体混合物，粘度为2500cP～5000cP，粘结剂质量为干燥后的非织造网纱质量的3～8％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中干态非织造网纱面积克重为6～12gsm，厚度为20-40μm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(3)中粘结剂为质量比1:0.5～1聚酰亚胺和聚苯硫醚的液体混合物，粘度为2500cP～5000cP，粘结剂质量为单向碳纤维质量的3～8％。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(3)中单向碳纤维厚度为200-400μm；热压的工艺参数为：温度为250～300℃，压力为0.5-3MPa，时间为1-3小时。
9.一种如权利要求1所述的制备方法制备得到的含无机非织造网纱的复合碳纤维带。
10.一种如权利要求9所述复合碳纤维带在航空航天中的应用。
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