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CN114427484B - A Direct Air Cooling System Utilizing Ammonia Cooling Energy in Ammonia Doped Power Plant - Google Patents

A Direct Air Cooling System Utilizing Ammonia Cooling Energy in Ammonia Doped Power Plant Download PDF

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CN114427484B
CN114427484B CN202111670806.8A CN202111670806A CN114427484B CN 114427484 B CN114427484 B CN 114427484B CN 202111670806 A CN202111670806 A CN 202111670806A CN 114427484 B CN114427484 B CN 114427484B
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ammonia
liquid ammonia
cooling
pipe
steam
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CN114427484A (en
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徐义书
王华坤
徐静颖
刘小伟
于敦喜
徐明厚
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/12Cooling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/30Exhaust heads, chambers, or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22DPREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D11/00Feed-water supply not provided for in other main groups
    • F22D11/02Arrangements of feed-water pumps
    • F22D11/06Arrangements of feed-water pumps for returning condensate to boiler
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62Absorption based systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a direct air cooling system utilizing ammonia cold energy in an ammonia-doped power plant, which belongs to the field of power station cooling, and comprises an exhaust steam condensing chamber, an exhaust steam distribution pipe, a liquid ammonia distribution pipe, a drain pipe, a condensation water tank, a direct cooling tower and an ammonia buffer tank, wherein the exhaust steam condensing chamber is provided with a liquid ammonia inlet and an exhaust steam inlet, and a liquid ammonia channel is also arranged in the exhaust steam condensing chamber; meanwhile, the outlet of the steam exhaust condensing chamber is respectively connected with a steam exhaust distribution pipe, a liquid ammonia distribution pipe and a drain pipe; each cooling unit in the direct cooling tower comprises an exhaust steam tube bundle and a liquid ammonia tube bundle for introducing exhaust steam and liquid ammonia, and each cooling unit is connected with a condensate pipe and an ammonia pipe; and meanwhile, the axial flow fan is arranged below the direct cooling tower and cools the exhausted steam through air heat exchange. The invention realizes twice heat exchange of exhaust steam and liquid ammonia, can reduce the outlet back pressure of the steam turbine, reduce the coal consumption rate, reduce the load of the direct cooling tower, further reduce the running number of the axial flow fan, and reduce the rotating speed of the axial flow fan so as to reduce the noise and the power consumption of a plant.

Description

一种掺氨电厂中利用氨冷能的直接空冷系统A Direct Air Cooling System Utilizing Ammonia Cooling Energy in Ammonia Doped Power Plant

技术领域technical field

本发明属于电站冷却领域,更具体地,涉及一种掺氨电厂中利用氨冷能的直接空冷系统。The invention belongs to the field of power station cooling, and more specifically relates to a direct air cooling system using ammonia cooling energy in an ammonia-doped power plant.

背景技术Background technique

我国西北地区富煤并且保有大量燃煤电厂,但是因其水资源短缺,无法采用水冷方式冷却汽轮机乏汽,因此空冷技术在西北地区电厂得到广泛应用。空冷系统分为直接空冷系统和间接空冷系统,其中直接空冷系统是指汽轮机排汽通过粗大的排汽管道至室外的空冷凝汽器内,轴流冷却风机使空气流过换热器外表面,将排汽冷凝成水,凝结水再经泵送回锅炉。然而由于空冷系统的冷却极限为环境的干球温度,高于水冷机组的冷却极限(湿球温度),因此空冷机组的背压相对较高,使得机组煤耗变高,运行经济较差。此外,直接空冷系统需要轴流风机强制通风,存在噪声大、厂用电高的缺陷。Northwest China is rich in coal and has a large number of coal-fired power plants. However, due to the shortage of water resources, it is impossible to use water cooling to cool the exhaust steam of steam turbines. Therefore, air cooling technology is widely used in power plants in Northwest China. The air-cooling system is divided into direct air-cooling system and indirect air-cooling system. The direct air-cooling system means that the exhaust steam of the steam turbine passes through the thick exhaust pipe to the outdoor air-cooled condenser, and the axial flow cooling fan makes the air flow through the outer surface of the heat exchanger. The exhaust steam is condensed into water, and the condensed water is pumped back to the boiler. However, since the cooling limit of the air-cooling system is the ambient dry bulb temperature, which is higher than the cooling limit (wet bulb temperature) of the water-cooling unit, the back pressure of the air-cooling unit is relatively high, resulting in higher coal consumption and poor operating economy. In addition, the direct air cooling system requires axial flow fans for forced ventilation, which has the disadvantages of high noise and high power consumption.

西北地区风能、太阳能等可再生资源丰富,有充足的电力资源可供制取合成氨,因此非常适合进行氨煤混烧。燃煤电站掺氨燃烧后,所需的氨燃料质量庞大,而氨通常以液氨的形式运输到电厂,然后在电厂进行气化。液氨的汽化潜热较大,气化过程中会释放大量冷能。现有的烟气脱硝技术中,液氨气化常用的方法为电加热和排汽加热。但是将氨作为燃料后,其在电厂中的用量将大幅增加,此时若采用电加热法,将严重增加厂耗电;而采用排汽加热法,则会严重降低汽轮机的出力。同时,这些冷能也是一种资源,应该合理地利用起来。Northwest China is rich in renewable resources such as wind energy and solar energy, and has sufficient power resources for the production of synthetic ammonia, so it is very suitable for ammonia-coal co-firing. After the combustion of ammonia mixed with coal-fired power plants, the amount of ammonia fuel required is huge, and ammonia is usually transported to the power plant in the form of liquid ammonia, and then gasified in the power plant. The latent heat of vaporization of liquid ammonia is large, and a large amount of cold energy will be released during the gasification process. In the existing flue gas denitrification technology, the commonly used methods for liquid ammonia gasification are electric heating and exhaust steam heating. However, after ammonia is used as fuel, its consumption in power plants will increase significantly. At this time, if the electric heating method is used, the power consumption of the plant will be seriously increased; while the exhaust steam heating method will seriously reduce the output of the steam turbine. At the same time, these cold energies are also a kind of resource, which should be used rationally.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对现有技术的缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种掺氨电厂中利用氨冷能的直接空冷系统,旨在解决现有的直接空冷系统噪声大、厂用电高和汽轮机背压高的问题。Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a direct air cooling system utilizing ammonia cooling energy in an ammonia-doped power plant, aiming at solving the problems of high noise, high plant power consumption and high steam turbine back pressure in the existing direct air cooling system question.

为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种掺氨电厂中利用氨冷能的直接空冷系统,该系统包括排汽冷凝室、排汽分配管、液氨分配管、疏水管、凝结水箱、直冷塔和氨缓冲罐,所述排汽冷凝室设置有液氨入口和排汽入口,该排汽冷凝室的内部还设置有液氨通道,所述液氨入口与液氨通道连接,用于通入液氨,所述排汽入口用于向所述排汽冷凝室通入排汽;同时该排汽冷凝室的出口分别与排汽分配管、液氨分配管和疏水管连接,工作时排汽与液氨在排汽冷凝室中进行第一次换热,换热后的排汽和液氨分别通过排汽分配管和液氨分配管进入直冷塔,产生的凝结水通过疏水管进入凝结水箱;In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a direct air cooling system using ammonia cooling energy in an ammonia-doped power plant, the system includes an exhaust steam condensing chamber, an exhaust steam distribution pipe, a liquid ammonia distribution pipe, a drain pipe, a condensed water tank, a direct cooling A tower and an ammonia buffer tank, the exhaust steam condensing chamber is provided with a liquid ammonia inlet and an exhaust steam inlet, and the inside of the exhaust steam condensing chamber is also provided with a liquid ammonia channel, and the liquid ammonia inlet is connected with the liquid ammonia channel for passing through The exhaust steam inlet is used to feed exhaust steam into the exhaust steam condensing chamber; at the same time, the outlet of the exhaust steam condensing chamber is respectively connected with the exhaust steam distribution pipe, the liquid ammonia distribution pipe and the drain pipe. The steam and liquid ammonia conduct heat exchange for the first time in the exhaust steam condensing chamber. After heat exchange, the exhaust steam and liquid ammonia enter the direct cooling tower through the exhaust steam distribution pipe and the liquid ammonia distribution pipe respectively, and the condensed water enters through the drain pipe. condensate tank;

所述直冷塔包括预设数量的冷却单元以及凝结水管、氨气管和轴流风机,每个所述冷却单元均包括排汽管束和液氨管束,分别用于通入排汽和液氨,并且每个所述冷却单元均与凝结水管和氨气管连接,工作时通入的排汽和液氨在冷却单元中进行第二次换热,产生的凝结水和氨气分别通过凝结水管和氨气管送入凝结水箱和氨缓冲罐;同时所述轴流风机设置在所述直冷塔的下方,以利用空气对流换热的方式对排汽进行冷却,从而实现利用氨冷能的直接空冷。The direct cooling tower includes a preset number of cooling units, condensed water pipes, ammonia pipes and axial flow fans, each of which includes exhaust steam pipe bundles and liquid ammonia pipe bundles, which are respectively used to feed exhaust steam and liquid ammonia, And each of the cooling units is connected with the condensate pipe and the ammonia gas pipe, and the exhaust steam and liquefied ammonia that are introduced during work undergo a second heat exchange in the cooling unit, and the condensed water and ammonia gas generated pass through the condensate pipe and the ammonia gas respectively. The air pipe is sent to the condensed water tank and the ammonia buffer tank; at the same time, the axial flow fan is installed under the direct cooling tower to cool the exhaust steam by means of air convection heat exchange, thereby realizing direct air cooling using ammonia cooling energy.

作为进一步优选的,所述冷却单元包括三排平行布置的管束,其中两边的管束为排汽管束,中间的管束为液氨管束,以避免所述液氨管束的表面结霜。As a further preference, the cooling unit includes three rows of tube bundles arranged in parallel, wherein the tube bundles on both sides are exhaust tube bundles, and the middle tube bundle is liquid ammonia tube bundle, so as to avoid frosting on the surface of the liquid ammonia tube bundle.

作为进一步优选的,所述冷却单元中排汽管束和液氨管束的流向相反。As a further preference, the flow directions of the exhaust steam tube bundle and the liquid ammonia tube bundle in the cooling unit are opposite.

作为进一步优选的,所述冷却单元中排汽管束与液氨管束交错设置。As a further preference, the exhaust steam tube bundles and the liquid ammonia tube bundles are arranged alternately in the cooling unit.

作为进一步优选的,所述冷却单元包括顺流冷却组件和逆流冷却组件,其中所述顺流冷却组件的排汽管束为顺流管束,其上端与排汽分配管连接,下端与凝结水管连接,同时所述顺流冷却组件的液氨管束为逆流管束,其上端与氨气管连接,下端与液氨分配管连接;所述逆流冷却组件的排汽管束为逆流管束,其上端密封,下端与凝结水管连接,同时所述逆流冷却组件的液氨管束为顺流管束,其上端与氨气管连接,下端密封。As a further preference, the cooling unit includes a co-current cooling assembly and a counter-current cooling assembly, wherein the exhaust steam bundle of the co-current cooling assembly is a downstream tube bundle, the upper end of which is connected to the exhaust distribution pipe, and the lower end is connected to the condensate pipe, At the same time, the liquid ammonia tube bundle of the downstream cooling assembly is a countercurrent tube bundle, the upper end of which is connected to the ammonia gas pipe, and the lower end is connected to the liquid ammonia distribution pipe; The water pipes are connected, and the liquid ammonia tube bundle of the countercurrent cooling assembly is a downstream tube bundle, the upper end of which is connected with the ammonia gas pipe, and the lower end is sealed.

作为进一步优选的,所述冷却单元中顺流冷却组件与逆流冷却组件间隔设置,并且顺流冷却组件的数量大于逆流冷却组件的数量。As a further preference, in the cooling unit, the co-current cooling components and the counter-current cooling components are arranged at intervals, and the number of the co-current cooling components is greater than the number of the counter-current cooling components.

按照本发明的另一方面,提供了上述利用氨冷能的直接空冷系统在掺氨电厂中的应用。According to another aspect of the present invention, an application of the above-mentioned direct air cooling system utilizing ammonia cooling energy in an ammonia-doped power plant is provided.

作为进一步优选的,所述液氨入口通过液氨泵与液氨储罐连接,用于通入液氨;所述排汽入口与汽轮机连接,用于通入排汽;所述凝结水箱通过给水泵与锅炉连接,以将凝结水送入锅炉。As a further preference, the liquid ammonia inlet is connected with the liquid ammonia storage tank through a liquid ammonia pump for feeding liquid ammonia; the exhaust steam inlet is connected with a steam turbine for feeding exhaust steam; A water pump is connected to the boiler to send condensed water into the boiler.

总体而言,通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:Generally speaking, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1.本发明将液氨气化产生的冷能引入直接空冷系统中,利用汽轮机的排汽为液氨气化提供能量,能够实现能量的综合利用,同时本发明对直接空冷系统的结构进行改进,实现了排汽与液氨的两次换热,其中排汽在排汽冷凝室中与液氨进行第一次换热,能够降低汽轮机出口背压、减少煤耗率、减小直冷塔负荷、提高运行经济性,而排汽在直冷塔中与液氨进行第二次换热,并在轴流风机的强制换热下进行冷却,可以不受外部环境影响而降低直冷塔对环境的敏感程度,缓解夏季直冷塔冷却能力下降的问题,还能够进一步减少轴流风机的运行数量,降低轴流风机的转速,以降低噪音和厂耗电;1. The present invention introduces the cold energy produced by the gasification of liquid ammonia into the direct air-cooling system, and uses the exhaust steam of the steam turbine to provide energy for the gasification of liquid ammonia, which can realize the comprehensive utilization of energy. At the same time, the present invention improves the structure of the direct air-cooling system , realizing two heat exchanges between exhaust steam and liquid ammonia, in which the exhaust steam performs the first heat exchange with liquid ammonia in the exhaust steam condensing chamber, which can reduce the back pressure at the outlet of the steam turbine, reduce the coal consumption rate, and reduce the load of the direct cooling tower , Improve the operating economy, and the exhaust steam performs a second heat exchange with liquid ammonia in the direct cooling tower, and is cooled under the forced heat exchange of the axial flow fan, which can reduce the impact of the direct cooling tower on the environment without being affected by the external environment The degree of sensitivity can alleviate the problem of the cooling capacity drop of the direct cooling tower in summer, and can further reduce the number of axial flow fans in operation and reduce the speed of the axial flow fans to reduce noise and plant power consumption;

2.尤其是,本发明通过对冷却单元中管束的设置方式进行改进,形成“热-冷-热”的管束排列方式,能够避免液氨管束的外表面结霜,有效提高液氨管束的传热性能;2. In particular, the present invention improves the arrangement of the tube bundles in the cooling unit to form a "hot-cold-hot" tube bundle arrangement, which can avoid frosting on the outer surface of the liquid ammonia tube bundles and effectively improve the transmission of the liquid ammonia tube bundles. Thermal performance;

3.此外,本发明在冷却单元中设置顺流冷却组件和逆流冷却组件,其中顺流冷却组件能够将排汽与液氨进行换热,而逆流冷却组件能够将凝结水管中的排汽与氨气管中的液氨进行换热,进而保证排汽能够完全转化为凝结水,液氨能够完全转化为氨气,有效提高直接空冷系统的冷却效率。3. In addition, the present invention sets a downstream cooling assembly and a countercurrent cooling assembly in the cooling unit, wherein the downstream cooling assembly can exchange heat between exhaust steam and liquid ammonia, and the countercurrent cooling assembly can exchange exhaust steam in the condensate pipe with ammonia The liquid ammonia in the gas pipe performs heat exchange, thereby ensuring that the exhaust steam can be completely converted into condensed water, and the liquid ammonia can be completely converted into ammonia gas, effectively improving the cooling efficiency of the direct air cooling system.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明实施例提供的掺氨电厂中利用氨冷能的直接空冷系统的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a direct air cooling system utilizing ammonia cooling energy in an ammonia-doped power plant provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

图2是本发明实施例提供的掺氨电厂中利用氨冷能的直接空冷系统的左视图;Fig. 2 is the left view of the direct air cooling system utilizing ammonia cooling energy in the ammonia-doped power plant provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

图3是图1中A-A向的剖视图;Fig. 3 is the sectional view of A-A direction in Fig. 1;

图4是本发明实施例提供的利用氨冷能的直接空冷系统在掺氨电厂中应用的示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the application of a direct air cooling system using ammonia cooling energy in an ammonia-doped power plant provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

在所有附图中,相同的附图标记用来表示相同的元件或结构,其中:Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to designate the same elements or structures, wherein:

1-排汽冷凝室,1.1-液氨入口,1.2-排汽入口,2-直冷塔,2.1-排汽管束,2.2-液氨管束,3-疏水管,4-液氨分配管,5-凝结水箱,6-凝结水管,7-轴流风机,8-排汽分配管,9-氨气管,10-氨缓冲罐,11-液氨储罐,12-液氨泵,13-疏水泵,14-给水泵,15-锅炉,16-汽轮机。1-exhaust steam condensing chamber, 1.1-liquid ammonia inlet, 1.2-exhaust steam inlet, 2-direct cooling tower, 2.1-exhaust steam tube bundle, 2.2-liquid ammonia tube bundle, 3-drain pipe, 4-liquid ammonia distribution pipe, 5 -condensate tank, 6-condensate pipe, 7-axial fan, 8-exhaust steam distribution pipe, 9-ammonia pipe, 10-ammonia buffer tank, 11-liquid ammonia storage tank, 12-liquid ammonia pump, 13-drainage pump , 14-feed water pump, 15-boiler, 16-steam turbine.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.

如图1所示,本发明提供了一种掺氨电厂中利用氨冷能的直接空冷系统,该系统包括排汽冷凝室1、排汽分配管8、液氨分配管4、疏水管3、凝结水箱5、直冷塔2和氨缓冲罐10,排汽冷凝室1设置有液氨入口1.1和排汽入口1.2,该排汽冷凝室1的内部还设置有液氨通道,液氨入口1.1的一端通过液氨泵12与液氨储罐11连接,其另一端与液氨通道连接,用于通入液氨作为冷源,排汽入口1.2与汽轮机16连接,用于向排汽冷凝室1通入排汽;同时该排汽冷凝室1的出口分别与排汽分配管8、液氨分配管4和疏水管3连接,工作时排汽与液氨通道中的液氨在排汽冷凝室1中进行第一次换热,液氨温度上升,部分排汽冷凝成凝结水,换热后的排汽和液氨分别通过排汽分配管8和液氨分配管4进入直冷塔2,产生的凝结水通过疏水管3进入凝结水箱5;汽轮机排汽首先在排汽冷凝室与液氨进行第一次换热,能够降低汽轮机出口背压,降低煤耗率,有效提高电厂的运行经济性;As shown in Fig. 1, the present invention provides a kind of direct air-cooling system utilizing ammonia cooling energy in the ammonia-doped power plant, and this system comprises exhaust steam condensing room 1, exhaust steam distribution pipe 8, liquid ammonia distribution pipe 4, drain pipe 3, Condensed water tank 5, direct cooling tower 2 and ammonia buffer tank 10, exhaust steam condensing chamber 1 is provided with liquid ammonia inlet 1.1 and exhaust steam inlet 1.2, the inside of this exhaust steam condensing chamber 1 is also provided with liquid ammonia channel, liquid ammonia inlet 1.1 One end of it is connected with the liquid ammonia storage tank 11 through the liquid ammonia pump 12, and the other end is connected with the liquid ammonia channel for feeding liquid ammonia as a cold source, and the exhaust steam inlet 1.2 is connected with the steam turbine 16 for supplying the exhaust steam to the condensing chamber. 1 into the exhaust steam; at the same time, the outlet of the exhaust steam condensing chamber 1 is respectively connected with the exhaust steam distribution pipe 8, the liquid ammonia distribution pipe 4 and the drain pipe 3, and the exhaust steam and the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia channel are condensed in the exhaust steam during operation. The first heat exchange is carried out in chamber 1, the temperature of liquid ammonia rises, and part of the exhaust steam is condensed into condensed water. After heat exchange, the exhaust steam and liquid ammonia enter the direct cooling tower 2 through the exhaust steam distribution pipe 8 and the liquid ammonia distribution pipe 4 respectively. , the generated condensed water enters the condensed water tank 5 through the drain pipe 3; the exhaust steam of the steam turbine first exchanges heat with liquid ammonia in the exhaust steam condensing chamber, which can reduce the back pressure of the steam turbine outlet, reduce the coal consumption rate, and effectively improve the operation economy of the power plant sex;

直冷塔2包括预设数量的冷却单元以及凝结水管6、氨气管9和轴流风机7,每个冷却单元均包括排汽管束2.1和液氨管束2.2,分别用于通入排汽和液氨,并且每个冷却单元均与凝结水管6和氨气管9连接,工作时,通入的排汽和液氨在冷却单元中进行第二次换热,排汽放热冷凝成凝结水并通过凝结水管6进行入凝结水箱5,液氨吸热气化成氨气并通过氨气管9进入氨缓冲罐10;同时轴流风机7设置在直冷塔2的下方,以利用空气对流换热的方式对排汽进行冷却,从而实现利用氨冷能的直接空冷。The direct cooling tower 2 includes a preset number of cooling units, condensed water pipes 6, ammonia pipes 9 and axial flow fans 7, and each cooling unit includes an exhaust steam pipe bundle 2.1 and a liquid ammonia pipe bundle 2.2, which are respectively used for feeding exhaust steam and liquid ammonia. ammonia, and each cooling unit is connected to the condensed water pipe 6 and the ammonia gas pipe 9. When working, the exhaust steam and liquid ammonia that are introduced undergo a second heat exchange in the cooling unit, and the exhaust steam releases heat and condenses into condensed water and passes through the The condensed water pipe 6 enters the condensed water tank 5, and the liquid ammonia absorbs heat and vaporizes into ammonia gas and enters the ammonia buffer tank 10 through the ammonia air pipe 9; at the same time, the axial flow fan 7 is installed under the direct cooling tower 2 to exchange heat by air convection The exhaust steam is cooled to realize direct air cooling using ammonia cooling energy.

本发明现将一部分排汽在排汽冷凝室1中冷却,减小了直冷塔2负荷的同时还可以解决夏季温度高时汽轮机16背压过高、直冷塔2出力不足和液氨气化的问题,能够降低煤耗率,提高机组的发电效率和运行经济性;同时将液氨引入直接空冷系统中,能够减少直冷塔2的规模,减少轴流风机7的数量,进而降低噪音和厂耗电,节省了大量的建设成本和运行成本,提升电厂的经济效益,并且氨冷能的供应不受外部环境的影响,降低了直冷塔2对环境的敏感程度,在夏季可以缓解直冷塔2冷却能力下降的问题,在冬季可以进一步降低轴流风机7的转速或减少轴流风机7的运行数量,实现能量的综合利用。The present invention now cools a part of the exhaust steam in the exhaust steam condensing chamber 1, which reduces the load of the direct cooling tower 2 and can also solve the problem of excessive back pressure of the steam turbine 16 when the temperature is high in summer, insufficient output of the direct cooling tower 2 and liquid ammonia gas. It can reduce the coal consumption rate, improve the power generation efficiency and operation economy of the unit; at the same time, introducing liquid ammonia into the direct air cooling system can reduce the scale of the direct cooling tower 2 and the number of axial flow fans 7, thereby reducing noise and The power consumption of the plant saves a lot of construction costs and operating costs, improves the economic benefits of the power plant, and the supply of ammonia cooling energy is not affected by the external environment, which reduces the sensitivity of the direct cooling tower 2 to the environment, and can relieve direct cooling in summer. For the problem of cooling tower 2 cooling capacity decline, in winter, the rotational speed of the axial flow fan 7 can be further reduced or the operating quantity of the axial flow fan 7 can be reduced, so as to realize the comprehensive utilization of energy.

进一步,如图2、3所示,冷却单元包括三排平行布置的管束,并采用“热-冷-热”交错排列的方式设置,两边的管束为排汽管束2.1,中间的管束为液氨管束2.2,可以提高流经液氨管束2.2的空气温度,同时使液氨管束2.2接受周围排汽管束2.1辐射的热量,解决了液氨管束2.2表面结霜的问题。工作时轴流风机7使空气自下而上流动,空气在流经下层排汽管束2.1时通过对流换热带走排汽的热量,空气温度升高,在流经液氨管束2.2时空气吸收液氨管束2.2释放的冷能,空气温度下降,最后空气继续与上层排汽管束2.1换热,空气温度升高并排出直冷塔2,以此实现对流换热,同时两排排汽管束2.1和中间的液氨管束2.2还通过辐射的方式进行换热。为保证换热效率,冷却单元中排汽管束2.1和液氨管束2.2的流向相反。Further, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the cooling unit includes three rows of tube bundles arranged in parallel, and is arranged in a "hot-cold-heat" staggered manner. The tube bundles on both sides are exhaust tube bundles 2.1, and the middle tube bundles are liquid ammonia. The tube bundle 2.2 can increase the temperature of the air flowing through the liquid ammonia tube bundle 2.2, and at the same time make the liquid ammonia tube bundle 2.2 receive the heat radiated by the surrounding exhaust steam tube bundle 2.1, which solves the problem of frosting on the surface of the liquid ammonia tube bundle 2.2. When working, the axial flow fan 7 makes the air flow from bottom to top. When the air flows through the lower exhaust steam tube bundle 2.1, the heat of the exhaust steam is taken away by the convection heat exchange. The cold energy released by the liquid ammonia tube bundle 2.2 lowers the air temperature, and finally the air continues to exchange heat with the upper exhaust steam tube bundle 2.1, and the air temperature rises and is discharged from the direct cooling tower 2, thereby realizing convective heat exchange. At the same time, the two rows of exhaust steam tube bundles 2.1 Heat exchange with the liquid ammonia tube bundle 2.2 in the middle also through radiation. In order to ensure heat exchange efficiency, the flow directions of the exhaust steam tube bundle 2.1 and the liquid ammonia tube bundle 2.2 in the cooling unit are opposite.

进一步,冷却单元包括顺流冷却组件和逆流冷却组件,其中顺流冷却组件的排汽管束2.1为顺流管束,其上端与排汽分配管8连接,下端与凝结水管6连接,同时顺流冷却组件的液氨管束2.2为逆流管束,其上端与氨气管9连接,下端与液氨分配管4连接,工作时排汽分配管8将排汽从排汽管束2.1上端送入,液氨分配管4将液氨从液氨分配管4送入,通过空气对流和辐射的方式进行换热,产生的凝结水通过凝结水管6进入凝结水箱5,氨气通过氨气管9进入氨缓冲罐10;逆流冷却组件的排汽管束2.1为逆流管束,其上端密封,下端与凝结水管6连接,同时逆流冷却组件的液氨管束2.2为顺流管束,其上端与氨气管9连接,下端密封,工作时凝结水管6中少量未冷凝的排汽从排汽管束2.1的下端进入,氨气管9中少量未气化的液氨从液氨管束2.2的上端进入,通过空气对流和辐射的方式进行换热,产生的凝结水通过凝结水管6进入凝结水箱5,氨气通过氨气管9进入氨缓冲罐10,从而保证排汽和液氨全部转换为凝结水和氨气。Further, the cooling unit includes a co-current cooling component and a counter-current cooling component, wherein the exhaust steam tube bundle 2.1 of the co-current cooling component is a co-current tube bank, the upper end of which is connected to the exhaust distribution pipe 8, and the lower end is connected to the condensed water pipe 6, and the co-current cooling The liquid ammonia tube bundle 2.2 of the component is a countercurrent tube bundle, the upper end of which is connected to the ammonia gas pipe 9, and the lower end is connected to the liquid ammonia distribution pipe 4. During operation, the exhaust steam distribution pipe 8 sends exhaust steam from the upper end of the exhaust steam pipe bundle 2.1, and the liquid ammonia distribution pipe 4. The liquid ammonia is fed from the liquid ammonia distribution pipe 4, and the heat is exchanged by means of air convection and radiation. The condensed water produced enters the condensed water tank 5 through the condensed water pipe 6, and the ammonia gas enters the ammonia buffer tank 10 through the ammonia gas pipe 9; reverse flow The exhaust steam tube bundle 2.1 of the cooling assembly is a countercurrent tube bundle, its upper end is sealed, and its lower end is connected to the condensate water pipe 6. Meanwhile, the liquid ammonia tube bundle 2.2 of the countercurrent cooling assembly is a downstream tube bundle, its upper end is connected to the ammonia gas pipe 9, and its lower end is sealed to allow condensation during operation. A small amount of uncondensed exhaust steam in the water pipe 6 enters from the lower end of the exhaust steam tube bundle 2.1, and a small amount of unvaporized liquid ammonia in the ammonia gas pipe 9 enters from the upper end of the liquid ammonia tube bundle 2.2, and conducts heat exchange through air convection and radiation to generate The condensed water enters the condensed water tank 5 through the condensed water pipe 6, and the ammonia gas enters the ammonia buffer tank 10 through the ammonia gas pipe 9, thereby ensuring that the exhaust steam and liquid ammonia are all converted into condensed water and ammonia gas.

进一步,冷却单元中顺流冷却组件与逆流冷却组件间隔设置,并且顺流冷却组件的数量大于逆流冷却组件的数量。Further, in the cooling unit, the forward flow cooling components and the counter flow cooling components are spaced apart, and the number of the forward flow cooling components is greater than the number of the counter flow cooling components.

如图4所示,按照本发明的另一方面,提供了上述利用氨冷能的直接空冷系统在掺氨电厂中的应用,其中液氨入口1.1通过液氨泵12与液氨储罐11连接,用于通入液氨;排汽入口1.2与汽轮机16连接,用于通入排汽;凝结水箱5通过给水泵14与锅炉15连接,以将凝结水送入锅炉15。该直接空冷系统在掺氨电厂中的工作流程为:液氨储罐11中的液氨由液氨泵12送入排汽冷凝室1,同时汽轮机16的排汽进入排汽冷凝室1,与液氨进行第一次换热,一部分排汽首先冷凝成凝结水,由疏水泵13送入凝结水箱5;液氨和剩下的排汽进入直冷塔2进行第二次换热,排汽冷却凝结并流入凝结水箱5,凝结水由给水泵14输送到锅炉15中加热成蒸汽,并进入汽轮机16中完成做循环并生成排汽,而液氨吸热气化为氨气进入氨缓冲罐10,以便为燃烧提供持续稳定的氨气源,也可以供SCR系统使用。As shown in Figure 4, according to another aspect of the present invention, the application of the above-mentioned direct air cooling system utilizing ammonia cooling energy in an ammonia-doped power plant is provided, wherein the liquid ammonia inlet 1.1 is connected with the liquid ammonia storage tank 11 through a liquid ammonia pump 12 , for feeding liquid ammonia; exhaust steam inlet 1.2 is connected with steam turbine 16 for feeding exhaust steam; The working process of the direct air cooling system in the ammonia-doped power plant is: the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia storage tank 11 is sent into the exhaust steam condensing chamber 1 by the liquid ammonia pump 12, and the exhaust steam of the steam turbine 16 enters the exhaust steam condensing chamber 1, and Liquid ammonia performs the first heat exchange, and part of the exhaust steam is first condensed into condensed water, which is sent to the condensed water tank 5 by the drain pump 13; the liquid ammonia and the remaining exhaust steam enter the direct cooling tower 2 for the second heat exchange, and the exhaust steam The condensed water is cooled and condensed and flows into the condensed water tank 5. The condensed water is transported by the feed water pump 14 to the boiler 15 to be heated into steam, and enters the steam turbine 16 to complete the cycle and generate exhaust steam, while the liquid ammonia absorbs heat and gasifies into ammonia gas and enters the ammonia buffer tank 10, in order to provide a continuous and stable ammonia source for combustion, and can also be used by the SCR system.

由于液氨汽化潜热为1332.9kJ/kg,在600MW的发电机组中,当掺氨比例达到50%时,可以冷凝约8%的汽轮机排汽;按照每台机组配备56台轴流风机,相当于减少了4.2台轴流风机;每台功率按110KW计算,年利用小时5500小时,每年可节省轴流风机的功率约2541MW,节能效果和经济效益明显。Since the latent heat of vaporization of liquid ammonia is 1332.9kJ/kg, in a 600MW generator set, when the ammonia doping ratio reaches 50%, about 8% of the exhaust steam from the steam turbine can be condensed; each unit is equipped with 56 axial flow fans, which is equivalent to 4.2 axial flow fans are reduced; each power is calculated as 110KW, and the annual utilization hours are 5500 hours, which can save the power of axial flow fans by about 2541MW each year, and the energy saving effect and economic benefits are obvious.

本领域的技术人员容易理解,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, All should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The direct air cooling system for utilizing ammonia cold energy in the ammonia-doped power plant is characterized by comprising an exhaust steam condensation chamber (1), an exhaust steam distribution pipe (8), a liquid ammonia distribution pipe (4), a drain pipe (3), a condensation water tank (5), a direct cooling tower (2) and an ammonia buffer tank (10), wherein the exhaust steam condensation chamber (1) is provided with a liquid ammonia inlet (1.1) and an exhaust steam inlet (1.2), a liquid ammonia channel is further arranged inside the exhaust steam condensation chamber (1), the liquid ammonia inlet (1.1) is connected with the liquid ammonia channel and used for introducing liquid ammonia, and the exhaust steam inlet (1.2) is used for introducing exhaust steam into the exhaust steam condensation chamber (1); meanwhile, an outlet of the steam exhaust condensation chamber (1) is respectively connected with a steam exhaust distribution pipe (8), a liquid ammonia distribution pipe (4) and a drain pipe (3), steam exhaust and liquid ammonia carry out primary heat exchange in the steam exhaust condensation chamber (1) during working, the steam exhaust and liquid ammonia after heat exchange respectively enter the direct cooling tower (2) through the steam exhaust distribution pipe (8) and the liquid ammonia distribution pipe (4), and generated condensed water enters a condensation water tank (5) through the drain pipe (3);
the direct cooling tower (2) comprises a preset number of cooling units, condensate pipes (6), ammonia pipes (9) and axial flow fans (7), each cooling unit comprises an exhaust pipe bundle (2.1) and a liquid ammonia pipe bundle (2.2) which are respectively used for introducing exhaust steam and liquid ammonia, each cooling unit is connected with the condensate pipe (6) and the ammonia pipe (9), the exhaust steam and the liquid ammonia introduced during working perform secondary heat exchange in the cooling units, and the generated condensate water and ammonia are respectively sent into a condensate tank (5) and an ammonia buffer tank (10) through the condensate pipes (6) and the ammonia pipes (9); and meanwhile, the axial flow fan (7) is arranged below the direct cooling tower (2) to cool the exhausted steam in a mode of air convection heat exchange, so that direct air cooling by utilizing ammonia cooling energy is realized.
2. The direct air cooling system for ammonia cooling energy utilization in an ammonia-doped power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling unit comprises three rows of tube bundles arranged in parallel, wherein the tube bundles on both sides are steam exhaust tube bundles (2.1) and the tube bundle in the middle is a liquid ammonia tube bundle (2.2) to avoid frosting of the surface of the liquid ammonia tube bundle (2.2).
3. The direct air cooling system for utilizing ammonia cold energy in an ammonia-doped power plant of claim 1, wherein the flow directions of the steam exhaust tube bundle (2.1) and the liquid ammonia tube bundle (2.2) in the cooling unit are opposite.
4. The direct air cooling system for utilizing ammonia cold energy in the ammonia-doped power plant of claim 1, wherein the steam exhaust tube bundle (2.1) and the liquid ammonia tube bundle (2.2) in the cooling unit are arranged in a staggered manner.
5. The direct air cooling system for utilizing ammonia cold energy in the ammonia-doped power plant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cooling unit comprises a concurrent cooling component and a countercurrent cooling component, wherein the steam exhaust tube bundle (2.1) of the concurrent cooling component is a concurrent tube bundle, the upper end of the concurrent tube bundle is connected with the steam exhaust distribution pipe (8), the lower end of the concurrent tube bundle is connected with the condensate pipe (6), the liquid ammonia tube bundle (2.2) of the concurrent cooling component is a countercurrent tube bundle, the upper end of the countercurrent tube bundle is connected with the ammonia gas pipe (9), and the lower end of the countercurrent tube bundle is connected with the liquid ammonia distribution pipe (4); the exhaust pipe bundle (2.1) of the countercurrent cooling assembly is a countercurrent pipe bundle, the upper end of the countercurrent pipe bundle is sealed, the lower end of the countercurrent pipe bundle is connected with the condensate pipe (6), meanwhile, the liquid ammonia pipe bundle (2.2) of the countercurrent cooling assembly is a concurrent pipe bundle, the upper end of the countercurrent pipe bundle is connected with the ammonia pipe (9), and the lower end of the countercurrent pipe bundle is sealed.
6. The direct air cooling system for utilizing ammonia cooling energy in an ammonia-doped power plant of claim 5, wherein the forward flow cooling modules and the counter flow cooling modules are arranged at intervals in the cooling unit, and the number of the forward flow cooling modules is larger than that of the counter flow cooling modules.
7. Use of a direct air cooling system using ammonia cooling energy according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in an ammonia-doped power plant.
8. The application of the direct air cooling system using ammonia cold energy in the ammonia-mixed power plant as recited in claim 7, wherein the liquid ammonia inlet (1.1) is connected with a liquid ammonia storage tank (11) through a liquid ammonia pump (12) for introducing liquid ammonia; the exhaust steam inlet (1.2) is connected with a steam turbine (16) and is used for introducing exhaust steam; the condensate tank (5) is connected to a boiler (15) by a feed pump (14) to feed condensate to the boiler (15).
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