CN114427484B - A Direct Air Cooling System Utilizing Ammonia Cooling Energy in Ammonia Doped Power Plant - Google Patents
A Direct Air Cooling System Utilizing Ammonia Cooling Energy in Ammonia Doped Power Plant Download PDFInfo
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 238
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 101710141078 Ammonium transporter Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010344 co-firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
- F01D25/12—Cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/30—Exhaust heads, chambers, or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D11/00—Feed-water supply not provided for in other main groups
- F22D11/02—Arrangements of feed-water pumps
- F22D11/06—Arrangements of feed-water pumps for returning condensate to boiler
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于电站冷却领域,更具体地,涉及一种掺氨电厂中利用氨冷能的直接空冷系统。The invention belongs to the field of power station cooling, and more specifically relates to a direct air cooling system using ammonia cooling energy in an ammonia-doped power plant.
背景技术Background technique
我国西北地区富煤并且保有大量燃煤电厂,但是因其水资源短缺,无法采用水冷方式冷却汽轮机乏汽,因此空冷技术在西北地区电厂得到广泛应用。空冷系统分为直接空冷系统和间接空冷系统,其中直接空冷系统是指汽轮机排汽通过粗大的排汽管道至室外的空冷凝汽器内,轴流冷却风机使空气流过换热器外表面,将排汽冷凝成水,凝结水再经泵送回锅炉。然而由于空冷系统的冷却极限为环境的干球温度,高于水冷机组的冷却极限(湿球温度),因此空冷机组的背压相对较高,使得机组煤耗变高,运行经济较差。此外,直接空冷系统需要轴流风机强制通风,存在噪声大、厂用电高的缺陷。Northwest China is rich in coal and has a large number of coal-fired power plants. However, due to the shortage of water resources, it is impossible to use water cooling to cool the exhaust steam of steam turbines. Therefore, air cooling technology is widely used in power plants in Northwest China. The air-cooling system is divided into direct air-cooling system and indirect air-cooling system. The direct air-cooling system means that the exhaust steam of the steam turbine passes through the thick exhaust pipe to the outdoor air-cooled condenser, and the axial flow cooling fan makes the air flow through the outer surface of the heat exchanger. The exhaust steam is condensed into water, and the condensed water is pumped back to the boiler. However, since the cooling limit of the air-cooling system is the ambient dry bulb temperature, which is higher than the cooling limit (wet bulb temperature) of the water-cooling unit, the back pressure of the air-cooling unit is relatively high, resulting in higher coal consumption and poor operating economy. In addition, the direct air cooling system requires axial flow fans for forced ventilation, which has the disadvantages of high noise and high power consumption.
西北地区风能、太阳能等可再生资源丰富,有充足的电力资源可供制取合成氨,因此非常适合进行氨煤混烧。燃煤电站掺氨燃烧后,所需的氨燃料质量庞大,而氨通常以液氨的形式运输到电厂,然后在电厂进行气化。液氨的汽化潜热较大,气化过程中会释放大量冷能。现有的烟气脱硝技术中,液氨气化常用的方法为电加热和排汽加热。但是将氨作为燃料后,其在电厂中的用量将大幅增加,此时若采用电加热法,将严重增加厂耗电;而采用排汽加热法,则会严重降低汽轮机的出力。同时,这些冷能也是一种资源,应该合理地利用起来。Northwest China is rich in renewable resources such as wind energy and solar energy, and has sufficient power resources for the production of synthetic ammonia, so it is very suitable for ammonia-coal co-firing. After the combustion of ammonia mixed with coal-fired power plants, the amount of ammonia fuel required is huge, and ammonia is usually transported to the power plant in the form of liquid ammonia, and then gasified in the power plant. The latent heat of vaporization of liquid ammonia is large, and a large amount of cold energy will be released during the gasification process. In the existing flue gas denitrification technology, the commonly used methods for liquid ammonia gasification are electric heating and exhaust steam heating. However, after ammonia is used as fuel, its consumption in power plants will increase significantly. At this time, if the electric heating method is used, the power consumption of the plant will be seriously increased; while the exhaust steam heating method will seriously reduce the output of the steam turbine. At the same time, these cold energies are also a kind of resource, which should be used rationally.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种掺氨电厂中利用氨冷能的直接空冷系统,旨在解决现有的直接空冷系统噪声大、厂用电高和汽轮机背压高的问题。Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a direct air cooling system utilizing ammonia cooling energy in an ammonia-doped power plant, aiming at solving the problems of high noise, high plant power consumption and high steam turbine back pressure in the existing direct air cooling system question.
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种掺氨电厂中利用氨冷能的直接空冷系统,该系统包括排汽冷凝室、排汽分配管、液氨分配管、疏水管、凝结水箱、直冷塔和氨缓冲罐,所述排汽冷凝室设置有液氨入口和排汽入口,该排汽冷凝室的内部还设置有液氨通道,所述液氨入口与液氨通道连接,用于通入液氨,所述排汽入口用于向所述排汽冷凝室通入排汽;同时该排汽冷凝室的出口分别与排汽分配管、液氨分配管和疏水管连接,工作时排汽与液氨在排汽冷凝室中进行第一次换热,换热后的排汽和液氨分别通过排汽分配管和液氨分配管进入直冷塔,产生的凝结水通过疏水管进入凝结水箱;In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a direct air cooling system using ammonia cooling energy in an ammonia-doped power plant, the system includes an exhaust steam condensing chamber, an exhaust steam distribution pipe, a liquid ammonia distribution pipe, a drain pipe, a condensed water tank, a direct cooling A tower and an ammonia buffer tank, the exhaust steam condensing chamber is provided with a liquid ammonia inlet and an exhaust steam inlet, and the inside of the exhaust steam condensing chamber is also provided with a liquid ammonia channel, and the liquid ammonia inlet is connected with the liquid ammonia channel for passing through The exhaust steam inlet is used to feed exhaust steam into the exhaust steam condensing chamber; at the same time, the outlet of the exhaust steam condensing chamber is respectively connected with the exhaust steam distribution pipe, the liquid ammonia distribution pipe and the drain pipe. The steam and liquid ammonia conduct heat exchange for the first time in the exhaust steam condensing chamber. After heat exchange, the exhaust steam and liquid ammonia enter the direct cooling tower through the exhaust steam distribution pipe and the liquid ammonia distribution pipe respectively, and the condensed water enters through the drain pipe. condensate tank;
所述直冷塔包括预设数量的冷却单元以及凝结水管、氨气管和轴流风机,每个所述冷却单元均包括排汽管束和液氨管束,分别用于通入排汽和液氨,并且每个所述冷却单元均与凝结水管和氨气管连接,工作时通入的排汽和液氨在冷却单元中进行第二次换热,产生的凝结水和氨气分别通过凝结水管和氨气管送入凝结水箱和氨缓冲罐;同时所述轴流风机设置在所述直冷塔的下方,以利用空气对流换热的方式对排汽进行冷却,从而实现利用氨冷能的直接空冷。The direct cooling tower includes a preset number of cooling units, condensed water pipes, ammonia pipes and axial flow fans, each of which includes exhaust steam pipe bundles and liquid ammonia pipe bundles, which are respectively used to feed exhaust steam and liquid ammonia, And each of the cooling units is connected with the condensate pipe and the ammonia gas pipe, and the exhaust steam and liquefied ammonia that are introduced during work undergo a second heat exchange in the cooling unit, and the condensed water and ammonia gas generated pass through the condensate pipe and the ammonia gas respectively. The air pipe is sent to the condensed water tank and the ammonia buffer tank; at the same time, the axial flow fan is installed under the direct cooling tower to cool the exhaust steam by means of air convection heat exchange, thereby realizing direct air cooling using ammonia cooling energy.
作为进一步优选的,所述冷却单元包括三排平行布置的管束,其中两边的管束为排汽管束,中间的管束为液氨管束,以避免所述液氨管束的表面结霜。As a further preference, the cooling unit includes three rows of tube bundles arranged in parallel, wherein the tube bundles on both sides are exhaust tube bundles, and the middle tube bundle is liquid ammonia tube bundle, so as to avoid frosting on the surface of the liquid ammonia tube bundle.
作为进一步优选的,所述冷却单元中排汽管束和液氨管束的流向相反。As a further preference, the flow directions of the exhaust steam tube bundle and the liquid ammonia tube bundle in the cooling unit are opposite.
作为进一步优选的,所述冷却单元中排汽管束与液氨管束交错设置。As a further preference, the exhaust steam tube bundles and the liquid ammonia tube bundles are arranged alternately in the cooling unit.
作为进一步优选的,所述冷却单元包括顺流冷却组件和逆流冷却组件,其中所述顺流冷却组件的排汽管束为顺流管束,其上端与排汽分配管连接,下端与凝结水管连接,同时所述顺流冷却组件的液氨管束为逆流管束,其上端与氨气管连接,下端与液氨分配管连接;所述逆流冷却组件的排汽管束为逆流管束,其上端密封,下端与凝结水管连接,同时所述逆流冷却组件的液氨管束为顺流管束,其上端与氨气管连接,下端密封。As a further preference, the cooling unit includes a co-current cooling assembly and a counter-current cooling assembly, wherein the exhaust steam bundle of the co-current cooling assembly is a downstream tube bundle, the upper end of which is connected to the exhaust distribution pipe, and the lower end is connected to the condensate pipe, At the same time, the liquid ammonia tube bundle of the downstream cooling assembly is a countercurrent tube bundle, the upper end of which is connected to the ammonia gas pipe, and the lower end is connected to the liquid ammonia distribution pipe; The water pipes are connected, and the liquid ammonia tube bundle of the countercurrent cooling assembly is a downstream tube bundle, the upper end of which is connected with the ammonia gas pipe, and the lower end is sealed.
作为进一步优选的,所述冷却单元中顺流冷却组件与逆流冷却组件间隔设置,并且顺流冷却组件的数量大于逆流冷却组件的数量。As a further preference, in the cooling unit, the co-current cooling components and the counter-current cooling components are arranged at intervals, and the number of the co-current cooling components is greater than the number of the counter-current cooling components.
按照本发明的另一方面,提供了上述利用氨冷能的直接空冷系统在掺氨电厂中的应用。According to another aspect of the present invention, an application of the above-mentioned direct air cooling system utilizing ammonia cooling energy in an ammonia-doped power plant is provided.
作为进一步优选的,所述液氨入口通过液氨泵与液氨储罐连接,用于通入液氨;所述排汽入口与汽轮机连接,用于通入排汽;所述凝结水箱通过给水泵与锅炉连接,以将凝结水送入锅炉。As a further preference, the liquid ammonia inlet is connected with the liquid ammonia storage tank through a liquid ammonia pump for feeding liquid ammonia; the exhaust steam inlet is connected with a steam turbine for feeding exhaust steam; A water pump is connected to the boiler to send condensed water into the boiler.
总体而言,通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:Generally speaking, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1.本发明将液氨气化产生的冷能引入直接空冷系统中,利用汽轮机的排汽为液氨气化提供能量,能够实现能量的综合利用,同时本发明对直接空冷系统的结构进行改进,实现了排汽与液氨的两次换热,其中排汽在排汽冷凝室中与液氨进行第一次换热,能够降低汽轮机出口背压、减少煤耗率、减小直冷塔负荷、提高运行经济性,而排汽在直冷塔中与液氨进行第二次换热,并在轴流风机的强制换热下进行冷却,可以不受外部环境影响而降低直冷塔对环境的敏感程度,缓解夏季直冷塔冷却能力下降的问题,还能够进一步减少轴流风机的运行数量,降低轴流风机的转速,以降低噪音和厂耗电;1. The present invention introduces the cold energy produced by the gasification of liquid ammonia into the direct air-cooling system, and uses the exhaust steam of the steam turbine to provide energy for the gasification of liquid ammonia, which can realize the comprehensive utilization of energy. At the same time, the present invention improves the structure of the direct air-cooling system , realizing two heat exchanges between exhaust steam and liquid ammonia, in which the exhaust steam performs the first heat exchange with liquid ammonia in the exhaust steam condensing chamber, which can reduce the back pressure at the outlet of the steam turbine, reduce the coal consumption rate, and reduce the load of the direct cooling tower , Improve the operating economy, and the exhaust steam performs a second heat exchange with liquid ammonia in the direct cooling tower, and is cooled under the forced heat exchange of the axial flow fan, which can reduce the impact of the direct cooling tower on the environment without being affected by the external environment The degree of sensitivity can alleviate the problem of the cooling capacity drop of the direct cooling tower in summer, and can further reduce the number of axial flow fans in operation and reduce the speed of the axial flow fans to reduce noise and plant power consumption;
2.尤其是,本发明通过对冷却单元中管束的设置方式进行改进,形成“热-冷-热”的管束排列方式,能够避免液氨管束的外表面结霜,有效提高液氨管束的传热性能;2. In particular, the present invention improves the arrangement of the tube bundles in the cooling unit to form a "hot-cold-hot" tube bundle arrangement, which can avoid frosting on the outer surface of the liquid ammonia tube bundles and effectively improve the transmission of the liquid ammonia tube bundles. Thermal performance;
3.此外,本发明在冷却单元中设置顺流冷却组件和逆流冷却组件,其中顺流冷却组件能够将排汽与液氨进行换热,而逆流冷却组件能够将凝结水管中的排汽与氨气管中的液氨进行换热,进而保证排汽能够完全转化为凝结水,液氨能够完全转化为氨气,有效提高直接空冷系统的冷却效率。3. In addition, the present invention sets a downstream cooling assembly and a countercurrent cooling assembly in the cooling unit, wherein the downstream cooling assembly can exchange heat between exhaust steam and liquid ammonia, and the countercurrent cooling assembly can exchange exhaust steam in the condensate pipe with ammonia The liquid ammonia in the gas pipe performs heat exchange, thereby ensuring that the exhaust steam can be completely converted into condensed water, and the liquid ammonia can be completely converted into ammonia gas, effectively improving the cooling efficiency of the direct air cooling system.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例提供的掺氨电厂中利用氨冷能的直接空冷系统的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a direct air cooling system utilizing ammonia cooling energy in an ammonia-doped power plant provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例提供的掺氨电厂中利用氨冷能的直接空冷系统的左视图;Fig. 2 is the left view of the direct air cooling system utilizing ammonia cooling energy in the ammonia-doped power plant provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图3是图1中A-A向的剖视图;Fig. 3 is the sectional view of A-A direction in Fig. 1;
图4是本发明实施例提供的利用氨冷能的直接空冷系统在掺氨电厂中应用的示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the application of a direct air cooling system using ammonia cooling energy in an ammonia-doped power plant provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
在所有附图中,相同的附图标记用来表示相同的元件或结构,其中:Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to designate the same elements or structures, wherein:
1-排汽冷凝室,1.1-液氨入口,1.2-排汽入口,2-直冷塔,2.1-排汽管束,2.2-液氨管束,3-疏水管,4-液氨分配管,5-凝结水箱,6-凝结水管,7-轴流风机,8-排汽分配管,9-氨气管,10-氨缓冲罐,11-液氨储罐,12-液氨泵,13-疏水泵,14-给水泵,15-锅炉,16-汽轮机。1-exhaust steam condensing chamber, 1.1-liquid ammonia inlet, 1.2-exhaust steam inlet, 2-direct cooling tower, 2.1-exhaust steam tube bundle, 2.2-liquid ammonia tube bundle, 3-drain pipe, 4-liquid ammonia distribution pipe, 5 -condensate tank, 6-condensate pipe, 7-axial fan, 8-exhaust steam distribution pipe, 9-ammonia pipe, 10-ammonia buffer tank, 11-liquid ammonia storage tank, 12-liquid ammonia pump, 13-drainage pump , 14-feed water pump, 15-boiler, 16-steam turbine.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
如图1所示,本发明提供了一种掺氨电厂中利用氨冷能的直接空冷系统,该系统包括排汽冷凝室1、排汽分配管8、液氨分配管4、疏水管3、凝结水箱5、直冷塔2和氨缓冲罐10,排汽冷凝室1设置有液氨入口1.1和排汽入口1.2,该排汽冷凝室1的内部还设置有液氨通道,液氨入口1.1的一端通过液氨泵12与液氨储罐11连接,其另一端与液氨通道连接,用于通入液氨作为冷源,排汽入口1.2与汽轮机16连接,用于向排汽冷凝室1通入排汽;同时该排汽冷凝室1的出口分别与排汽分配管8、液氨分配管4和疏水管3连接,工作时排汽与液氨通道中的液氨在排汽冷凝室1中进行第一次换热,液氨温度上升,部分排汽冷凝成凝结水,换热后的排汽和液氨分别通过排汽分配管8和液氨分配管4进入直冷塔2,产生的凝结水通过疏水管3进入凝结水箱5;汽轮机排汽首先在排汽冷凝室与液氨进行第一次换热,能够降低汽轮机出口背压,降低煤耗率,有效提高电厂的运行经济性;As shown in Fig. 1, the present invention provides a kind of direct air-cooling system utilizing ammonia cooling energy in the ammonia-doped power plant, and this system comprises exhaust
直冷塔2包括预设数量的冷却单元以及凝结水管6、氨气管9和轴流风机7,每个冷却单元均包括排汽管束2.1和液氨管束2.2,分别用于通入排汽和液氨,并且每个冷却单元均与凝结水管6和氨气管9连接,工作时,通入的排汽和液氨在冷却单元中进行第二次换热,排汽放热冷凝成凝结水并通过凝结水管6进行入凝结水箱5,液氨吸热气化成氨气并通过氨气管9进入氨缓冲罐10;同时轴流风机7设置在直冷塔2的下方,以利用空气对流换热的方式对排汽进行冷却,从而实现利用氨冷能的直接空冷。The
本发明现将一部分排汽在排汽冷凝室1中冷却,减小了直冷塔2负荷的同时还可以解决夏季温度高时汽轮机16背压过高、直冷塔2出力不足和液氨气化的问题,能够降低煤耗率,提高机组的发电效率和运行经济性;同时将液氨引入直接空冷系统中,能够减少直冷塔2的规模,减少轴流风机7的数量,进而降低噪音和厂耗电,节省了大量的建设成本和运行成本,提升电厂的经济效益,并且氨冷能的供应不受外部环境的影响,降低了直冷塔2对环境的敏感程度,在夏季可以缓解直冷塔2冷却能力下降的问题,在冬季可以进一步降低轴流风机7的转速或减少轴流风机7的运行数量,实现能量的综合利用。The present invention now cools a part of the exhaust steam in the exhaust
进一步,如图2、3所示,冷却单元包括三排平行布置的管束,并采用“热-冷-热”交错排列的方式设置,两边的管束为排汽管束2.1,中间的管束为液氨管束2.2,可以提高流经液氨管束2.2的空气温度,同时使液氨管束2.2接受周围排汽管束2.1辐射的热量,解决了液氨管束2.2表面结霜的问题。工作时轴流风机7使空气自下而上流动,空气在流经下层排汽管束2.1时通过对流换热带走排汽的热量,空气温度升高,在流经液氨管束2.2时空气吸收液氨管束2.2释放的冷能,空气温度下降,最后空气继续与上层排汽管束2.1换热,空气温度升高并排出直冷塔2,以此实现对流换热,同时两排排汽管束2.1和中间的液氨管束2.2还通过辐射的方式进行换热。为保证换热效率,冷却单元中排汽管束2.1和液氨管束2.2的流向相反。Further, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the cooling unit includes three rows of tube bundles arranged in parallel, and is arranged in a "hot-cold-heat" staggered manner. The tube bundles on both sides are exhaust tube bundles 2.1, and the middle tube bundles are liquid ammonia. The tube bundle 2.2 can increase the temperature of the air flowing through the liquid ammonia tube bundle 2.2, and at the same time make the liquid ammonia tube bundle 2.2 receive the heat radiated by the surrounding exhaust steam tube bundle 2.1, which solves the problem of frosting on the surface of the liquid ammonia tube bundle 2.2. When working, the
进一步,冷却单元包括顺流冷却组件和逆流冷却组件,其中顺流冷却组件的排汽管束2.1为顺流管束,其上端与排汽分配管8连接,下端与凝结水管6连接,同时顺流冷却组件的液氨管束2.2为逆流管束,其上端与氨气管9连接,下端与液氨分配管4连接,工作时排汽分配管8将排汽从排汽管束2.1上端送入,液氨分配管4将液氨从液氨分配管4送入,通过空气对流和辐射的方式进行换热,产生的凝结水通过凝结水管6进入凝结水箱5,氨气通过氨气管9进入氨缓冲罐10;逆流冷却组件的排汽管束2.1为逆流管束,其上端密封,下端与凝结水管6连接,同时逆流冷却组件的液氨管束2.2为顺流管束,其上端与氨气管9连接,下端密封,工作时凝结水管6中少量未冷凝的排汽从排汽管束2.1的下端进入,氨气管9中少量未气化的液氨从液氨管束2.2的上端进入,通过空气对流和辐射的方式进行换热,产生的凝结水通过凝结水管6进入凝结水箱5,氨气通过氨气管9进入氨缓冲罐10,从而保证排汽和液氨全部转换为凝结水和氨气。Further, the cooling unit includes a co-current cooling component and a counter-current cooling component, wherein the exhaust steam tube bundle 2.1 of the co-current cooling component is a co-current tube bank, the upper end of which is connected to the
进一步,冷却单元中顺流冷却组件与逆流冷却组件间隔设置,并且顺流冷却组件的数量大于逆流冷却组件的数量。Further, in the cooling unit, the forward flow cooling components and the counter flow cooling components are spaced apart, and the number of the forward flow cooling components is greater than the number of the counter flow cooling components.
如图4所示,按照本发明的另一方面,提供了上述利用氨冷能的直接空冷系统在掺氨电厂中的应用,其中液氨入口1.1通过液氨泵12与液氨储罐11连接,用于通入液氨;排汽入口1.2与汽轮机16连接,用于通入排汽;凝结水箱5通过给水泵14与锅炉15连接,以将凝结水送入锅炉15。该直接空冷系统在掺氨电厂中的工作流程为:液氨储罐11中的液氨由液氨泵12送入排汽冷凝室1,同时汽轮机16的排汽进入排汽冷凝室1,与液氨进行第一次换热,一部分排汽首先冷凝成凝结水,由疏水泵13送入凝结水箱5;液氨和剩下的排汽进入直冷塔2进行第二次换热,排汽冷却凝结并流入凝结水箱5,凝结水由给水泵14输送到锅炉15中加热成蒸汽,并进入汽轮机16中完成做循环并生成排汽,而液氨吸热气化为氨气进入氨缓冲罐10,以便为燃烧提供持续稳定的氨气源,也可以供SCR系统使用。As shown in Figure 4, according to another aspect of the present invention, the application of the above-mentioned direct air cooling system utilizing ammonia cooling energy in an ammonia-doped power plant is provided, wherein the liquid ammonia inlet 1.1 is connected with the liquid
由于液氨汽化潜热为1332.9kJ/kg,在600MW的发电机组中,当掺氨比例达到50%时,可以冷凝约8%的汽轮机排汽;按照每台机组配备56台轴流风机,相当于减少了4.2台轴流风机;每台功率按110KW计算,年利用小时5500小时,每年可节省轴流风机的功率约2541MW,节能效果和经济效益明显。Since the latent heat of vaporization of liquid ammonia is 1332.9kJ/kg, in a 600MW generator set, when the ammonia doping ratio reaches 50%, about 8% of the exhaust steam from the steam turbine can be condensed; each unit is equipped with 56 axial flow fans, which is equivalent to 4.2 axial flow fans are reduced; each power is calculated as 110KW, and the annual utilization hours are 5500 hours, which can save the power of axial flow fans by about 2541MW each year, and the energy saving effect and economic benefits are obvious.
本领域的技术人员容易理解,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, All should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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