CN114427422B - Multistage fracturing and intelligent well completion integrated tubular column and method - Google Patents
Multistage fracturing and intelligent well completion integrated tubular column and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114427422B CN114427422B CN202011021491.XA CN202011021491A CN114427422B CN 114427422 B CN114427422 B CN 114427422B CN 202011021491 A CN202011021491 A CN 202011021491A CN 114427422 B CN114427422 B CN 114427422B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
- E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
- E21B34/063—Valve or closure with destructible element, e.g. frangible disc
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
- E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
- E21B34/08—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells responsive to flow or pressure of the fluid obtained
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
- E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
- E21B34/14—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by movement of tools, e.g. sleeve valves operated by pistons or wire line tools
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/14—Obtaining from a multiple-zone well
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Pipe Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a multistage fracturing and intelligent well completion integrated tubular column and a method. The pipe column comprises: a fracturing mechanism configured to fracture the formation in an open state; and a water control mechanism configured in an open state to receive fluid from the formation and to regulate a flow rate of the fluid into the tubing string based on a water content in the fluid; when the fracturing is carried out, the fracturing mechanism is in an open state, the water control mechanism is in a closed state, and when the oil extraction is carried out, the water control mechanism is in an open state, and the fracturing mechanism is in a closed state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil fracturing completion integration, in particular to a fracturing water control completion pipe column. The invention also relates to a method for performing operation by using the tubular column.
Background
In order to efficiently develop an aqueous low permeability reservoir, extensive fracturing modification and effective water control and stable production of the reservoir are required. For the exploitation of low permeability reservoirs, multi-section fracturing horizontal well techniques have been widely employed. The technology utilizes multi-stage fracturing to improve the diversion capacity of the reservoir, utilizes a horizontal shaft to communicate more reservoir ranges, and improves single-well productivity.
However, current multi-zone fracturing horizontal well technology still has some drawbacks in production. Firstly, the toe following effect caused by friction pressure drop exists in horizontal well exploitation, which easily causes that the hypertonic section is water-permeable prematurely, and the low-permeability section reserve is difficult to use, thereby influencing the recovery ratio.
In addition, the existing multistage fracturing technology is usually single-stage Shan Cu fracturing, so that throttling pressure difference is overlarge, fracturing displacement is limited, large-scale fracturing cannot be realized, meanwhile, the full diameter of a shaft cannot be met, and flow resistance is increased.
In order to solve the problem of limited displacement of single-stage Shan Cu fracturing, a one-ball multi-cluster fracturing technology is developed at present, but the current one-ball multi-cluster fracturing string can only be controlled by operating a switch sliding sleeve by an operator. Therefore, the adaptability of water control capability is poor, and operators are required to monitor frequently according to experience and site conditions.
Under the existing pipe column condition, in order to apply the intelligent water control technology in the multi-section fracturing horizontal well, after the fracturing operation is completed, the fracturing pipe column is lifted out, and then the intelligent water control well completion pipe column is lowered. This approach increases both the cost of column material, the expense and risk of operation, and also increases the cycle time.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a fracturing water control completion string and corresponding method of operation that solves or at least reduces at least one of the above problems.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fracturing water control completion string comprising: a fracturing mechanism configured to fracture the formation in an open state; and a water control mechanism configured in an open state to receive fluid from the formation and to regulate a flow rate of the fluid into the tubing string based on a water content in the fluid; when the fracturing is carried out, the fracturing mechanism is in an open state, the water control mechanism is in a closed state, and when the oil extraction is carried out, the water control mechanism is in an open state, and the fracturing mechanism is in a closed state.
The fracturing water control completion pipe column can simultaneously realize fracturing and self-adaptive water control according to the water content in the fluid flowing through the water control mechanism through one pipe column. Therefore, the collected oil has higher quality, the operation cost is reduced, and the operation period is shortened.
In one embodiment, when fracturing is performed, the fracturing mechanism is automatically opened by the fact that the pressure in the pipe column is larger than the pressure outside the pipe column, and the water control mechanism is automatically closed; when oil extraction is carried out, the water control mechanism is automatically opened through the fact that the pressure in the pipe column is smaller than the pressure outside the pipe column, and the fracturing mechanism is automatically closed.
In one embodiment, the fracturing mechanism includes a plurality of fracturing subs disposed in succession along an axial direction, each fracturing subs including: a fracturing outer barrel, wherein a first flow hole is formed in the side wall of the fracturing outer barrel; the fracturing inner cylinder is sleeved in the fracturing outer cylinder, and a second flow hole is formed in the side wall of the fracturing inner cylinder; the fracturing spring is sleeved between the fracturing outer cylinder and the fracturing inner cylinder, the upper end of the fracturing spring is connected with the radially-outward extending abutting part of the fracturing inner cylinder, and the lower end of the fracturing spring is connected with the radially-inward extending abutting part of the fracturing outer cylinder; and a fracturing ball seat disposed within the fracturing inner barrel; the fracturing inner barrel moves downwards to enable the first flow hole and the second flow hole to be communicated with each other, and fracturing fluid is allowed to be shot to a reservoir by throwing a fracturing ball into the tubular column to press the fracturing ball so that the fracturing ball is jointed with the fracturing ball seat; when the fracturing inner barrel is not pressed into the tubular column, the first flow hole and the second flow hole of the fracturing inner barrel are separated from each other; the fracturing ball seats in the lowest fracturing nipple among the plurality of fracturing nipple are soluble ball seats, the fracturing ball seats in other fracturing nipple are expansion ball seats, and the expansion ball seats are configured to expand when the fracturing pressure exceeds a certain threshold value so as to allow the pressing ball to pass through, wherein the pressing ball is soluble.
In one embodiment, the expansion ball seat is configured as an elastic ball seat with a ball seat receiving groove configured on the inner wall of the fracturing inner barrel; in an initial state, a receiving part of the elastic ball seat for receiving the pressure holding ball is sleeved in the fracturing inner cylinder and radially contracts under the limitation of the inner wall of the fracturing inner cylinder, and the receiving part is positioned above the ball seat receiving groove; when the pressure holding ball is combined with the elastic ball seat, the elastic ball seat is pressed into the tubular column, so that the elastic ball seat moves downwards relative to the fracturing inner barrel, the receiving part is aligned with the ball seat receiving groove, and the receiving part expands outwards in a radial direction under the elastic action until the receiving part is inserted into the ball seat receiving groove.
In one embodiment, the fracturing outer barrel is configured with a first pressure communication hole configured to allow pressure outside the string to be transferred into the cavity in which the fracturing spring is located.
In one embodiment, the water control mechanism comprises: a sand control screen configured with screen holes for fluid to pass through; the differential pressure sliding sleeve is sleeved in the sand control screen; the self-adaptive water controller is arranged between the differential pressure sliding sleeve and the sand control screen; when the pressure in the pipe column is larger than the pressure outside the pipe column, the pressure difference sliding sleeve is closed, and when the pressure in the pipe column is smaller than the pressure outside the pipe column, the pressure difference sliding sleeve is opened and fluid can flow into the pressure difference sliding sleeve through the sieve pores and the self-adaptive water controller.
In one embodiment, the differential pressure slide includes: a tubular slide sleeve body having a third flow hole formed in a side wall thereof, the slide sleeve body having a downward-facing abutment step disposed above the third flow hole; the piston cylinder is sleeved in the sliding sleeve main body, the piston cylinder and the abutting step are arranged at intervals relatively, a downward pressure transmission step is formed on the outer side wall of the piston cylinder and is exposed to the third flow hole, so that the pressure outside the pipe column can be transmitted to the pressure transmission step through the third flow hole; and a water control spring arranged between the piston cylinder and the abutting step; when the pressure in the pipe column is higher than the pressure outside the pipe column, the piston cylinder moves downwards until the piston cylinder covers the third flow hole so as to separate the third flow hole from the inner cavity of the pipe column; when the pressure in the pipe column is smaller than the pressure outside the pipe column, the piston cylinder moves upwards to a position where the piston cylinder does not block the third flow hole, so that the third flow hole is communicated with the inner cavity of the pipe column.
In one embodiment, the fracturing water control completion string passes axially through multiple sections of reservoirs, with a set of fracturing and water control mechanisms being provided for each section of reservoir, the fracturing mechanism being above the water control mechanism in each set of fracturing and water control mechanisms.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method of performing an operation using the above-described pipe string is provided.
In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of: sequentially lowering a soluble pressure-holding ball into each of the multi-section reservoirs to perform tubular column internal pressure so as to sequentially open a fracturing mechanism opposite to each section of reservoir for fracturing; fracturing flowback and dissolving a soluble suffocating pressure ball in the whole tubular column and a soluble ball seat in the fracturing mechanism, so that each fracturing mechanism is automatically closed, and each water control mechanism is automatically opened.
Drawings
The invention is described in more detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic of a fracturing water control completion string according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 2 and 3 show schematic structural views of a soluble frac nipple in the frac water control completion string of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural view of a portion of the elastomeric fracturing sub of the fracturing water management completion string of FIG. 1;
fig. 5 to 7 show schematic structural diagrams of a water control mechanism in the fracturing water control completion string of fig. 1.
In the drawings, like parts are designated with like reference numerals. The figures are not drawn to scale.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a fracturing water control completion string 1 according to the present invention. The fracturing water control completion string 1 comprises a fracturing mechanism 10 and a water control mechanism 20 which are arranged in groups. Each of the plurality of sets of fracturing units 10 and water control units 20 is disposed relative to a section of reservoir through which the string 1 passes.
As shown in fig. 1, the string 1 further comprises a packer 30. The packers 30 are positioned at corresponding locations between the sections of the reservoir for sealing off the annulus between the sections of the reservoir after the string 1 is run into the wellbore 70.
The fracturing mechanism 10 comprises a plurality of fracturing subs which are sequentially connected, wherein the fracturing mechanism comprises at least one elastic fracturing subs 11 and one soluble fracturing subs 12. In a single fracturing mechanism 10, the lowermost fracturing sub is a soluble fracturing sub.
Figures 2 and 3 show one embodiment of the soluble fracturing sub 12. The dissolvable frac nipple 12 includes a frac outer barrel 121. A first flow hole 122, for example, a nozzle, is formed in a side wall of the fracturing outer tube 121. The dissolvable frac nipple 12 further includes a frac inner barrel 124 nested within the frac outer barrel 121. A second flow bore 125 is configured in a sidewall of the frac inner barrel 124. A fracturing spring 127 is housed in the annular space between the fracturing outer barrel 121 and the fracturing inner barrel 124. The upper end of the annular space is closed by a radially outwardly extending abutment 126 of the fracturing inner barrel 124. The abutment 126 may be formed, for example, by a stop attached to the frac inner barrel 124, or may be formed integrally with the frac inner barrel 124. The lower end of the annular space is closed by a radially inwardly extending abutment of the fracturing outer barrel 121 (not shown). The upper end of the fracturing spring 127 abuts against the abutting portion 126 of the fracturing inner cylinder 124, and the lower end abuts against the abutting portion of the fracturing outer cylinder 121. The fracturing outer cylinder 121 is further provided with a first pressure communication hole 123 penetrating in the radial direction. The pressure communication hole 123 makes the pressure of the annulus outside the string 1 the same as the pressure in the annular space where the fracturing spring 127 is located. A soluble ball seat 128 is also provided within the fracturing inner barrel 124.
In the initial state, as shown in fig. 3, the second flow holes 125 on the fracturing inner barrel 124 and the first flow holes 122 on the fracturing outer barrel 121 are offset from each other and do not communicate.
When the pressure-holding ball 15 is put into the pipe string 1 from the surface, the pressure-holding ball 15 can be engaged with the soluble ball seat 128. By pressing into the string 1, the pressure in the string is made greater than the pressure in the annulus. The frac inner barrel 124 may be moved downwardly by this pressure differential to align and communicate the first and second flow openings 122, 125 with one another, i.e., open the soluble frac nipple 12. At this point, fracturing may be performed into the reservoir, forming a fracture 50.
The hold-down ball 15 and the soluble ball seat 128 are both made of soluble metal and thus dissolve in the well over time.
The structure of the elastic frac nipple 11 in the present invention is similar to that of the dissolvable frac nipple 12. The structures of the fracturing outer cylinder and the fracturing inner cylinder and the matching relationship of the fracturing outer cylinder and the fracturing inner cylinder are the same. The distinction of the elastic frac nipple 11 relative to the dissolvable frac nipple 12 is shown in fig. 4. As shown in fig. 4, a ball seat receiving groove 112 is formed on an inner wall of the fracturing inner barrel 111. The upper end of the elastic ball seat 113 provided in the fracturing inner cylinder 111 is configured as a receiving portion 114 for receiving the pressure holding ball 15. In the initial state shown in fig. 4, the receiving portion 114 is located above the ball seat receiving groove 112, and the receiving portion 114 is in an elastically deformed state of inward contraction under the restriction of the fracturing inner cylinder 111.
When the hold-down ball 15 engages the receiving portion 114 and presses, the resilient ball seat 113 moves downwardly so that the receiving portion 114 is aligned with the ball seat receiving slot 112. At this time, the elastic ball seat 113 may be expanded outwardly by the elastic force and caught in the ball seat receiving groove 112. At the same time, the fracturing inner barrel 111 moves downward relative to the fracturing outer barrel to open the resilient fracturing nipple 11. Due to the expansion of the receiving portion 114, the hold-down ball 15 can continue to move downward through the elastic ball seat 113.
By the arrangement of the elastic ball seat 113, the full-diameter pipe column 1 is formed after fracturing is finished, and the efficiency which is only available later is improved.
However, it should be understood that any other suitable expansion ball seat that allows the hold-down ball 15 to pass when expanded may be used in place of the resilient ball seat 113 described above, as desired.
Through the cooperation of above-mentioned a plurality of fracturing nipple joints, can open all fracturing nipple joints to a section of reservoir through throwing into one to hold down pressure ball 15 in tubular column 1. This facilitates a rapid, large-scale fracturing operation.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, water control mechanism 20 includes a sand control screen 23, with sand control screen 23 being configured with openings for the passage of fluid. The water control mechanism 20 also includes a differential pressure sliding sleeve 22 that is sleeved in a sand control screen 23. An adaptive water controller 21 is arranged between the differential pressure sliding sleeve 22 and the sand control screen 23. The structure of the adaptive water controller 21 is known in the art (see, for example, CN 109138945 a), and the flow rate thereof can be automatically adjusted according to the water content in the fluid.
As shown in fig. 6, the differential pressure sliding sleeve 22 includes a tubular sliding sleeve body 222. A third through-hole 226 is formed in a sidewall of the sleeve body 222. The inner side of the slide sleeve body 222 is configured with a downward-facing abutment step. The abutment step may be integrally formed on the sliding sleeve body 222 or may be provided by a fitting mounted within the sliding sleeve body 222. A piston cylinder 224 is disposed within the sliding sleeve body 222. The piston cylinder 224 is disposed in spaced relation to the abutment step. A water control spring 223 is provided between the piston cylinder 224 and the abutment step. The upper end of the water control spring 223 abuts against the abutment step, and the lower end abuts against the piston cylinder 224. A downward pressure transmission step 224A is also formed on the outer wall of the piston cylinder 224. The pressure-transmitting step 224A is exposed to the third flow hole 226. Thus, the pressure outside the string 1 can be transmitted to the pressure transmitting step 224A through the third flow hole 226.
In the case where the pressure in the column 1 is greater than the pressure outside the column 1, as shown in fig. 6, the piston cylinder 224 is pushed down to a state (closed state) in which the piston cylinder 224 blocks the third flow hole 226. At this time, the third communication hole 226 is not in communication with the inner chamber of the column 1. Fluid within the tubing string 1 cannot flow to the annulus through the third flow bore 226. In addition, the fluid in the annulus outside the string 1 cannot flow into the string 1 through the screen 23, the adaptive controller 21 and the third flow holes 226 in that order.
In the case where the pressure in the column 1 is smaller than the pressure outside the column 1, the piston cylinder 224 is pushed upward so that the piston cylinder 224 no longer blocks the third communication hole 226 (open state). Fluid in the reservoir can flow into the tubular string 1 through the screen 23, the adaptive water controller 21 and the third flow holes 226 to perform a production function.
At this point, it should be understood that in the case where the pressure in the column 1 is less than the pressure outside the column 1, the piston cylinder 224 may be pushed upward to be completely separated from the third communication hole 226, so that the third communication hole 226 communicates the inside and outside of the column 1. Alternatively, as shown in fig. 6, a piston passage 227 penetrating the piston cylinder 224 in the radial direction may be configured at the lower end of the piston cylinder 224. When the piston passage 227 is aligned with the third flow hole 226, the effect that the third flow hole 226 communicates the inside and outside of the column 1 can also be achieved.
Fig. 7 shows another embodiment of a differential pressure slide 22. In fig. 7, a connecting sleeve 228 is provided in the sleeve body 222. The piston cylinder 224 and the water control spring 223 are provided in the annular space between the connecting sleeve 228 and the slide sleeve body 222. A third pressure communication hole P1 penetrating the connection sleeve 228 in the radial direction is formed on the connection sleeve 228 for transmitting pressure inside the connection sleeve 228 (i.e., inside the pipe string 1) to above the piston cylinder 224 inside the annular space. In addition, a second pressure communication hole P2 penetrating the sliding sleeve body 222 in the radial direction is formed in the sliding sleeve body 222 for transmitting the pressure of the outer annulus of the pipe string 1 to below the piston cylinder 224 in the annular space. In addition, a fourth flow hole 229 penetrating the connection sleeve 228 in the radial direction is also formed in the connection sleeve 228, and the fourth flow hole 229 is opposite to the third flow hole 226. In the embodiment shown in fig. 7, the third flow holes 226 may also be omitted.
The method of performing the operation using the fracturing water control completion string 1 described above is as follows.
Step one: and (5) field parameter acquisition. The parameters include: fracturing construction displacement, design yield, formation permeability, formation fracture pressure, and wellbore diameter.
Step two: the design of the fracturing water control completion pipe column 1. The specifications of the string 1 are selected according to the field parameters, and the number of stages of multi-stage fracturing (i.e., the number of stages of the reservoir), the number and setting positions of the packers 30, the number of elastic ball seats in the fracturing unit 10, the number of water control units 20, and the water control strength are designed.
Step three: the string 1 is lowered into the wellbore 70. When the pipe column 1 is lowered, all the fracturing mechanisms 10 and the water control mechanisms 20 on the pipe column are in a closed state. After the string 1 is lowered to the predetermined position, completion fluid is pumped into the string 1, setting all of the packers 30 on the string 1.
Step four: multi-stage fracturing operation. A soluble fracturing ball 15 is put into the tubular column 1 and fracturing fluid is pumped. The ball 15 sets the first (i.e., uppermost) resilient fracturing nipple 11 of the fracturing mechanism 10 near the first fracturing section of the toe (i.e., lowermost fracturing section). Further pressurizing into the well, and opening the first elastic fracturing nipple 11 through pressure holding. As the pressure in the string 1 continues to increase, the elastic ball seat 113 in the first elastic fracturing sub 11 expands radially, so that the hold-down ball 15 passes through the first elastic fracturing sub 11 and continues to move down to seat on the elastic ball seat of the second elastic fracturing sub, and opens the second elastic fracturing sub. By analogy, the holding-down ball 15 opens all the elastic fracturing subs 11 of the first fracturing segment in sequence, and then seats on the soluble ball seat 128 of the soluble fracturing subs 12 of the first fracturing segment that is lowermost, so that the soluble fracturing subs 12 open. Thereby, the fracturing operation of the first fracturing stage may be started. Repeating the operation so that all fracturing segments corresponding to each segment of reservoir realize fracturing.
Step five: and establishing a full-path passage of the tubular column. After the fracturing is finished, fracturing flowback is carried out so as to enable the pressure in the pipe column 1 to be relieved. Thereby, the automatic closing of the respective fracturing subs 11, 12 in all fracturing mechanisms 10 can be achieved. Over time, each of the ball seat 128 and the hold-down ball 15 dissolve away, forming a full path within the string 1. Meanwhile, the differential pressure sliding sleeves 22 in all the water control mechanisms 20 of the pipe column 1 can be automatically opened along with pressure relief, and a fluid channel between a reservoir and the pipe column 1 is established.
Step six: and (5) circularly flushing the well, testing and putting into production, and carrying out oil extraction.
In this context, unless explicitly stated or contradicted, the terms "upper", "lower", etc. are described with respect to the state of the string 1 when it is in the well. "upper" refers to the side closer to the ground. "lower" refers to the side closer to the bottom of the well.
In this context, "automatic" means that the corresponding actions and functions can be achieved without additional manipulation by the operator.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the respective embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but encompasses all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A fracturing water control completion string comprising:
a fracturing mechanism configured to fracture the formation in an open state; and
a water control mechanism configured in an open state to receive fluid from the formation and to regulate a flow rate of the fluid into the tubing string based on a water content in the fluid;
when fracturing is carried out, the fracturing mechanism is in an open state, the water control mechanism is in a closed state, when oil extraction is carried out, the water control mechanism is in an open state, the fracturing mechanism is automatically opened through the fact that the pressure in the pipe column is larger than the pressure outside the pipe column, the water control mechanism is automatically closed, and when oil extraction is carried out, the water control mechanism is automatically opened through the fact that the pressure in the pipe column is smaller than the pressure outside the pipe column, and the fracturing mechanism is automatically closed;
the fracturing mechanism includes a plurality of fracturing nipple joints that follow the axial direction setting that continues, and each fracturing nipple joint includes:
a fracturing outer barrel, wherein a first flow hole is formed in the side wall of the fracturing outer barrel;
the fracturing inner cylinder is sleeved in the fracturing outer cylinder, and a second flow hole is formed in the side wall of the fracturing inner cylinder;
the fracturing spring is sleeved between the fracturing outer cylinder and the fracturing inner cylinder, the upper end of the fracturing spring is connected with the radially-outward extending abutting part of the fracturing inner cylinder, and the lower end of the fracturing spring is connected with the radially-inward extending abutting part of the fracturing outer cylinder; and
the fracturing ball seat is arranged in the fracturing inner barrel;
the fracturing inner barrel moves downwards to enable the first flow hole and the second flow hole to be communicated with each other, and fracturing fluid is allowed to be shot to a reservoir by throwing a fracturing ball into the tubular column to press the fracturing ball so that the fracturing ball is jointed with the fracturing ball seat; when the fracturing inner barrel is not pressed into the tubular column, the first flow hole and the second flow hole of the fracturing inner barrel are separated from each other;
wherein the fracturing ball seats in the lowest fracturing nipple of the plurality of fracturing nipples are soluble ball seats, the fracturing ball seats in the other fracturing nipples are expansion ball seats, the expansion ball seats are configured to expand when the fracturing exceeds a certain threshold value so as to allow the fracturing balls to pass,
wherein the pressure-building ball is a soluble pressure-building ball;
the expansion ball seat is configured as an elastic ball seat, and a ball seat receiving groove is formed on the inner wall of the fracturing inner barrel; in an initial state, a receiving part of the elastic ball seat for receiving the pressure holding ball is sleeved in the fracturing inner cylinder and radially contracts under the limitation of the inner wall of the fracturing inner cylinder, and the receiving part is positioned above the ball seat receiving groove; when the pressure-holding ball is combined with the elastic ball seat, the elastic ball seat is pressed into the tubular column to downwards move relative to the fracturing inner cylinder, so that the receiving part is aligned with the ball seat receiving groove, the receiving part is expanded outwards in a radial direction under the elastic action until the receiving part is inserted into the ball seat receiving groove,
the water control mechanism comprises:
a sand control screen configured with screen holes for fluid to pass through;
the differential pressure sliding sleeve is sleeved in the sand control screen; and
the self-adaptive water controller is arranged between the differential pressure sliding sleeve and the sand control screen;
when the pressure in the pipe column is larger than the pressure outside the pipe column, the pressure difference sliding sleeve is closed, and when the pressure in the pipe column is smaller than the pressure outside the pipe column, the pressure difference sliding sleeve is opened and fluid can flow into the pressure difference sliding sleeve through the sieve pores and the self-adaptive water controller.
2. The fracturing water control completion string of claim 1, wherein the fracturing outer barrel is configured with a first pressure communication hole configured to allow pressure external to the string to be transferred into a cavity in which the fracturing spring is located.
3. The fracturing water control completion string of claim 1 or 2, wherein said differential pressure sliding sleeve comprises:
a tubular slide sleeve body having a third flow hole formed in a side wall thereof, the slide sleeve body having a downward-facing abutment step disposed above the third flow hole;
the piston cylinder is sleeved in the sliding sleeve main body, the piston cylinder and the abutting step are arranged at intervals relatively, a downward pressure transmission step is formed on the outer side wall of the piston cylinder and is exposed to the third flow hole, so that the pressure outside the pipe column can be transmitted to the pressure transmission step through the third flow hole; and
a water control spring arranged between the piston cylinder and the abutting step;
when the pressure in the pipe column is higher than the pressure outside the pipe column, the piston cylinder moves downwards until the piston cylinder covers the third flow hole so as to separate the third flow hole from the inner cavity of the pipe column;
when the pressure in the pipe column is smaller than the pressure outside the pipe column, the piston cylinder moves upwards to a position where the piston cylinder does not block the third flow hole, so that the third flow hole is communicated with the inner cavity of the pipe column.
4. A frac water control completion string according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the frac water control completion string passes axially through multiple sections of reservoirs, each section being provided with a set of frac means and water control means, the frac means being located above the water control means in each set of frac means and water control means.
5. A method of performing an operation using the fracturing water control completion string of any of claims 1 to 4.
6. The method according to claim 5, comprising the steps of:
sequentially lowering a soluble pressure-holding ball into each of the multi-section reservoirs to perform tubular column internal pressure so as to sequentially open a fracturing mechanism opposite to each section of reservoir for fracturing;
fracturing flowback and dissolving a soluble suffocating pressure ball in the whole tubular column and a soluble ball seat in the fracturing mechanism, so that each fracturing mechanism is automatically closed, and each water control mechanism is automatically opened.
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